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Socio-Professional Trajectories of Refugees in France: An Identity Work Perspective 法国难民的社会职业轨迹:身份工作视角
Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.37725/mgmt.2024.7753
Shiva Taghavi, Hédia Zannad, Emmanouela Mandalaki
This qualitative study investigates refugees’ socio-professional trajectories in France. Our findings suggest that refugees follow different socio-professional paths shaped by identity work and acculturation mechanisms as they go about integrating in the French context. We identify three socio-professional trajectories: ‘adjusting’, ‘enhancing’, and ‘detaching’. This study contributes, firstly, to research on refugees’ socio-professional adjustment and vocational adaptation, and secondly, to the literature on identity work. It does so by offering novel insights into the processes of repairing, reorienting, and reconstructing cultural and professional identities in the context of refugees’ relocation to host countries, in this case, France.
这项定性研究调查了难民在法国的社会职业轨迹。研究结果表明,难民在融入法国社会的过程中,在身份认同工作和文化适应机制的影响下,走上了不同的社会职业道路。我们发现了三种社会职业轨迹:"适应"、"增强 "和 "脱离"。本研究首先有助于难民的社会职业调整和职业适应研究,其次有助于有关身份认同工作的文献。本研究通过对难民在移居接收国(在本研究中为法国)的背景下修复、重新定位和重建文化与职业身份的过程提出新的见解,从而为相关研究做出贡献。
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引用次数: 0
The Construction of A Strategic Issue: Issue Selling as A Narrative Process 战略议题的构建:作为叙述过程的议题销售
Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.37725/mgmt.2024.5778
Romain Vacquier, Lionel Garreau, Stéphanie Dameron
For the past 30 years, the issue-selling movement has uncovered the vast repertoire of actions by which ‘sellers’ persuade a decision-maker that an issue is strategic. While these works have a rational and teleological conception of this phenomenon, implying that the strategic scope of the issue is given ex ante, other research in strategy shows that such scope is a social and discursive construction based on interactions between various actors. This article proposes a model of issue selling as an emergent narrative process. Based on a qualitative survey of 42 middle managers, using semistructured interviews, we show this process starts with a phase of incremental elaboration, in which the seller informally shares narrative fragments with a network of actors, followed by a phase of interpretation, in which the seller formally presents his or her narrative to a decision-maker, coherently articulating previously collected narrative fragments. We also show that the passage between these two phases is allowed by what we call the ‘strategic construction’ of the narrative. These results help to show that issue selling is a less solitary and rational process than previous work suggests.
在过去的 30 年里,"问题销售 "运动揭示了 "销售者 "说服决策者某一问题具有战略意义的大量行动。虽然这些著作对这一现象有着理性和目的论的概念,意味着问题的战略范围是事先给定的,但其他战略研究表明,这种范围是基于不同参与者之间互动的社会和话语建构。本文提出了一个将问题销售作为一个新兴叙事过程的模型。基于对 42 名中层管理者进行的定性调查,我们采用半结构化访谈的方式表明,这一过程始于逐步阐述阶段,在这一阶段中,销售者非正式地与行动者网络分享叙述片段,随后是解释阶段,在这一阶段中,销售者正式向决策者陈述自己的叙述,将之前收集的叙述片段连贯起来。我们还表明,这两个阶段之间的转换是通过我们所说的 "策略性叙事 "来实现的。这些结果有助于说明,问题销售并不像以前的研究表明的那样是一个孤独和理性的过程。
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引用次数: 0
Tension between Digital Distance and Physical Presence in Hybrid Teaching: Evidence from Two Natural Experiments During the COVID-19 Pandemic in a French Business School 混合式教学中数字距离与实际存在之间的张力:法国商学院 COVID-19 大流行期间两次自然实验的证据
Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.37725/mgmt.2023.8661
Diego Zunino, Francesco Castellaneta, Ludovic Dibiaggio
The advent of digitization has promised learning paradigms based on digital communication and virtual reality at the expense of physical presence. During the COVID-19 health emergency, the tension between digital distance and physical presence evolved from competing alternatives to a more nuanced coexistence. Several organizations resorted to hybrid arrangements; hybrid teaching is a notable example. In this paper, we draw from the theory of planned behavior to theorize the effect of physical presence on learning outcomes in the context of hybrid teaching. We differentiate between individual and team learning outcomes. We predict that physical presence induces competition and has a negative effect on individual learning outcomes. For team learning outcomes, we predict that physical presence induces cooperation and has a positive impact. We exploit two natural experiments in a French business school during the fall semester of 2020. The school’s administration allocated students to subgroups randomly for fairness reasons. This context offered a natural within-subjects experiment, where every student was randomly assigned to either in-person or online lectures. Students had up to 4.9% lower likelihood of correctly answering exam questions for lectures they followed in person rather than online. However, in group-work assignments, teams with one more student following in person tended to see a 3.6% increase in their team evaluation. Digital distance, therefore, constitutes a barrier to learning in a hybrid setting only when tasks are evaluated on a team basis.
数字化时代的到来,为基于数字通信和虚拟现实的学习范式提供了可能,但却牺牲了实际存在。在 COVID-19 卫生紧急事件期间,数字距离和实际存在之间的紧张关系从相互竞争的替代方案演变为更加微妙的共存关系。一些组织采用了混合安排;混合教学就是一个显著的例子。在本文中,我们借鉴了计划行为理论,从理论上分析了在混合教学背景下,实体存在对学习成果的影响。我们区分了个人学习成果和团队学习成果。我们预测,实际存在会诱发竞争,并对个人学习成果产生负面影响。对于团队学习成果,我们预测实际存在会诱发合作,并产生积极影响。我们利用了 2020 年秋季学期在法国一所商学院进行的两次自然实验。出于公平考虑,学校管理部门将学生随机分配到各个小组。这种情况提供了一个自然的受试者内实验,每个学生都被随机分配到面对面授课或在线授课中。学生正确回答考试问题的可能性要比在线授课低 4.9%。然而,在小组合作作业中,多一名学生亲自参与的小组,其团队评价往往会提高 3.6%。因此,只有在以小组为单位进行任务评价时,数字距离才会成为混合环境下学习的障碍。
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引用次数: 0
When to Talk and When to Keep It to yourself? Strategies for Legitimating Managerial Intuitions in An Organisational Context 什么时候该说,什么时候该保密?在组织环境中使管理者直觉合法化的策略
Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.37725/10.37725/mgmt.2024.9274
Christian Le Gousse, Isabelle Bouty
The purpose of this study is to explore the strategies deployed by managers in organisations to legitimate their intuitions. Managerial practice is a continual process of emergence and integration of problems and projects, and by which managers navigate a complex world. To do so, they rely partly on their intuitions, whose effectiveness has largely been demonstrated in the literature. However, the rational model is still considered the optimal cognition and decision-making process in organisations. The persistence of the myth of rationality compels managers to deploy strategies to legitimate their intuitions. But these strategies are poorly understood. The aim of this study therefore was to describe them. For this purpose, we collected 191 accounts of episodes where managers legitimated their intuitions. Our analysis of these accounts revealed seven intuition legitimation strategies. Some of these strategies had not previously been identified in the institutional literature (personalisation, transparency, exploration and compound strategy). For others which had already been partly described (rationalisation, manipulation and relational strategy), we show that managers deploy new modes. These results contribute to the knowledge of legitimation strategies from a conceptual point of view. They also shed some light on the mistrust of intuition that still prevails in organisations, despite its importance.
本研究的目的是探讨组织中的管理者为使其直觉合法化而采取的策略。管理实践是一个不断出现和整合问题与项目的过程,管理者通过这一过程驾驭复杂的世界。为此,他们部分地依赖于直觉,而直觉的有效性已在文献中得到了广泛证明。然而,理性模式仍被认为是组织中最佳的认知和决策过程。理性神话的持续存在迫使管理者采取策略,使其直觉合法化。但是,人们对这些策略的理解却很少。因此,本研究旨在描述这些策略。为此,我们收集了 191 个关于管理者将其直觉合法化的案例。通过对这些叙述的分析,我们发现了七种直觉合法化策略。其中一些策略在以前的机构文献中尚未被发现(个性化、透明、探索和复合策略)。对于其他一些已经被部分描述过的策略(合理化、操纵和关系策略),我们表明管理者采用了新的模式。这些结果从概念的角度为人们了解合法化战略做出了贡献。这些结果还揭示了组织中对直觉的不信任,尽管直觉非常重要。
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引用次数: 0
How Much Stupidity Do Organisations Need? A Psychodynamic Perspective on Functional Stupidity 组织需要多少愚蠢?功能性愚蠢的心理动力学视角
Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.37725/mgmt.2024.9377
Gabriel Lomellini
How much stupidity do organisations need to function effectively? The paradox coined by management researchers Spicer and Alvesson may seem baffling. According to these authors, organisations require a certain amount of uncritical obedience to function properly. The idea of ‘functional stupidity’ put forward by the authors to account for this phenomenon is no less ambiguous. In addition to overlooking the ethical implications of such a notion, it fails to provide a coherent explanation of its causes in organisations. Our proposal is based on the psychodynamics of work, founded by Christophe Dejours. We focus primarily on the subjective experience of work, which involves the worker’s body, and the way in which a whole theory of moral sense at work emerges from this experience. Adopting the form of an essay, we will support our argument with illustrative vignettes: stupidity will be interpreted here as the exact opposite of what the psychodynamics of work considers to be subjective intelligence at work, that is, ordinary sublimation. In so doing, we propose to extend the scope of the notion of organisational stupidity by adding a phenomenological, clinical and ethical dimension. We conclude by suggesting future avenues for research, through a ‘re-eroticisation’ of work.
组织需要多少愚蠢才能有效运作?管理研究者斯派塞和阿尔维森提出的悖论似乎令人费解。根据这两位作者的观点,组织需要一定程度的不加批判的服从才能正常运转。这两位作者为解释这一现象而提出的 "功能性愚蠢 "观点也同样模棱两可。除了忽略了这一概念的道德含义之外,它也未能对组织中出现这种现象的原因做出连贯的解释。我们的建议是以克里斯托弗-德儒斯(Christophe Dejours)创立的工作心理动力学为基础的。我们主要关注工作的主观体验,其中涉及工人的身体,以及从这种体验中产生工作道德感的整个理论的方式。我们将采用散文的形式,用小故事来支持我们的论点:在这里,愚蠢将被解释为与工作心理动力学所认为的工作中的主观智慧完全相反的东西,即普通的升华。在此过程中,我们建议通过增加现象学、临床和伦理维度来扩展组织愚蠢这一概念的范围。最后,我们通过对工作的 "再色情化",提出了未来的研究方向。
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引用次数: 0
Mal du Siècle. From the Disenchanted Youth of the Romantic Age to the Disillusionment of Today’s Young Graduates Mal du Siècle.从浪漫主义时代的失意青年到当今年轻毕业生的幻想破灭
Pub Date : 2024-01-25 DOI: 10.37725/mgmt.2024.8277
Thomas Simon, Marion Cina, Xavier Philippe
Organisational absurdity is an emerging field of study in management sciences. Often described in conceptual terms in the existing literature as a loss of meaning arising from the collapsing frontiers of rationality, there have been few attempts to engage empirically with this absurdity, particularly from the perspective of new recruits joining organisations, and more specifically those who have recently completed their studies. Our research seeks to explore the ways in which young graduates respond to organisational absurdity and its consequences. To do this, we use an original empirical approach, which has been recognised elsewhere as a pertinent means of tackling absurdity, namely, fictional analysis. We thus propose an analogy between today’s young graduates and the young Romantics of the 19th century, invoking a number of literary references for heuristic ends, in order to gain a better understanding of the phenomenon in question. Now as in centuries past, upon coming face-to-face with absurdity, a considerable number of young people respond by retreating from their professional responsibilities. This state of affairs is illustrated by a series of 35 interviews, revealing a profound sense of disenchantment, which, in many cases, can lead young professionals to turn inwards and withdraw from their professional environments. In the face of this distress, our research invites organisations to rethink the way they manage young graduates.
组织荒谬性是管理科学的一个新兴研究领域。在现有文献中,组织荒谬性通常被概念性地描述为理性边界崩溃所导致的意义缺失,但很少有人尝试从经验的角度来研究这种荒谬性,尤其是从新员工加入组织的角度,更具体地说,是从刚刚完成学业的新员工的角度来研究这种荒谬性。我们的研究旨在探索年轻毕业生如何应对组织的荒谬性及其后果。为此,我们采用了一种独创的实证研究方法,即虚构分析法,这种方法已被其他研究机构视为解决荒谬性的一种相关手段。因此,我们建议将当今的年轻毕业生与 19 世纪的浪漫主义青年相类比,通过引用一些文学作品来达到启发式的目的,从而更好地理解相关现象。与过去几个世纪一样,在面对荒诞现象时,相当多的年轻人的反应是逃避自己的职业责任。我们通过对 35 位年轻人的访谈,揭示了他们内心深处的失落感,在很多情况下,这种失落感会导致年轻的专业人士转向内心,从他们的职业环境中退缩。面对这种苦恼,我们的研究促使各组织重新思考管理年轻毕业生的方式。
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引用次数: 0
Continuity and Change in Spin-off Meta-organizations: An Imprinting Perspective 分拆元组织的连续性与变化:印记视角
Pub Date : 2024-01-25 DOI: 10.37725/mgmt.2024.8888
Philippe Coulombel, Andrew Barron
Research into meta-organizations – or organizations whose members are organizations – does not explain the observation that members may decouple themselves from ‘parent’ organizations and form ‘child’ organizations that pursue more targeted objectives. Addressing this gap, we study two interlinked meta-organizations – the first created to tackle broad sustainability issues, and the second as a ‘spin off ’ to confront the grand challenge of sustainable urban mobility. Mobilizing insights from organizational imprinting, we identify conditions under which members break away from their parent and elucidate how the child organization inherits organizational features from its predecessor while acquiring new ones during the spin-off process. We contribute to meta-organization scholarship by stretching understandings of their post-creation dynamics. We build on organizational imprinting literature by indicating how imprinting processes play out in unconventional organizational forms previously overlooked. Our findings encourage policymakers and practitioners to reflect on how to promote and manage meta-organizations more effectively to address complex social issues.
对元组织--或其成员为组织的组织--的研究并不能解释这样一种现象,即组织成员可能会脱离 "母 "组织,成立追求更有针对性目标的 "子 "组织。为了弥补这一不足,我们研究了两个相互关联的元组织--第一个是为了解决广泛的可持续发展问题而创建的,第二个是为了应对可持续城市交通这一巨大挑战而 "衍生 "出来的。通过对组织印记的深入研究,我们确定了组织成员脱离母组织的条件,并阐明了子组织如何继承前组织的组织特征,同时在分拆过程中获得新的特征。我们通过扩展对元组织创建后动态的理解,为元组织学术研究做出了贡献。我们在组织印记文献的基础上,指出印记过程是如何在以前被忽视的非常规组织形式中发生的。我们的研究结果鼓励政策制定者和实践者思考如何更有效地促进和管理元组织,以解决复杂的社会问题。
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引用次数: 0
‘We’re All Sinners Here’: A Microhistorical Exploration of the Deviance-Identification Nexus 我们都是罪人》:偏差与认同关系的微观历史探索
Pub Date : 2024-01-22 DOI: 10.37725/mgmt.2024.8066
Yasaman Sadeghi
Extant research shows that deviance as a departure from established norms is influential to innovation and change. However, challenging the embedded assumptions and practices renders deviance subject to heavy stigmatization, compelling the identification of deviance to ensure that deviance can be balanced or controlled for the good of the organization. Yet, this focus often ignores the dynamics between the deviants and their audiences, which also impacts the spread of deviance, since deviance is best understood through actions as well as responses. Because deviance is likely to provoke deep introspection, identification with deviance is an essential, yet underexplored aspect of its spread. This article takes a micro-historical approach to analyze Dogme95, a highly controversial filmmaking movement, where identification with deviance influenced its spread. It elucidates symbolic disruption, straddling identification, and limiting the duration as three stages through which deviance can spread in and around organizations through identification. The article thus contributes to the extant literature by reconciling some theoretical contradictions regarding the spread of deviance despite its negative connotations and provides a novel perspective on the deviance-identification nexus.
现有研究表明,偏离既定规范对创新和变革具有影响力。然而,挑战根深蒂固的假设和做法会使偏差受到严重鄙视,迫使人们识别偏差,以确保为了组织的利益而平衡或控制偏差。然而,这种关注往往忽视了偏差者与其受众之间的动态关系,这也会影响偏差的传播,因为偏差最好通过行动和反应来理解。由于偏差行为很可能引发深刻的反省,因此对偏差行为的认同是其传播的一个重要方面,但却未得到充分探讨。本文采用微观历史方法分析了 Dogme95 这一极具争议的电影制作运动,在这一运动中,对偏差的认同影响了其传播。文章阐明了象征性破坏、跨越认同和限制持续时间这三个阶段,通过认同,偏差可以在组织内部和周围传播。因此,文章通过调和关于偏差传播的一些理论矛盾(尽管其内涵是负面的),为现有文献做出了贡献,并为偏差-认同关系提供了一个新的视角。
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引用次数: 0
Questioning ‘Feminine Managerial Behavior’ – A European Study Considering Gender Ideology 质疑 "女性管理行为"--欧洲性别意识形态研究
Pub Date : 2024-01-22 DOI: 10.37725/mgmt.2024.8864
Clotilde Coron
The concept of a ‘feminine managerial behavior’, which implies that women in managerial positions behave differently to men in similar positions by exhibiting a more supportive management style, is both widespread and controversial. To gain new insight into the debate, this study looks at the role national gender ideology plays in structuring the relationship between sex and perceived managerial support. Based on a representative sample of 22,391 employees from 26 European countries, our findings reveal that, on average, perceived managerial support is higher when supervisors are women. However, if we control for the moderating role of national gender ideology, this difference disappears. Therefore, this article contributes to the nature/nurture debate by showing that gender differences in perceived managerial support stem primarily from persistent gender stereotypes.
女性管理行为 "的概念,即担任管理职位的女性与担任类似职位的男性表现出不同的行为方式,表现出更多的支持性管理风格,这一概念既普遍又有争议。为了对这一争论有新的认识,本研究探讨了国家性别意识形态在构建性别与感知管理支持之间关系时所扮演的角色。基于来自 26 个欧洲国家的 22,391 名员工的代表性样本,我们的研究结果表明,平均而言,当主管为女性时,感知到的管理支持度更高。但是,如果我们控制国家性别意识形态的调节作用,这种差异就会消失。因此,这篇文章表明,在感知到的管理支持方面存在的性别差异主要源于持续存在的性别刻板印象,从而为关于 "自然"/"养育 "的争论做出了贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Institutions and the Common Good. Reconceptualizing Institutional Values as Virtues 制度与共同利益。重新认识作为美德的制度价值
Pub Date : 2024-01-19 DOI: 10.37725/mgmt.2024.8781
Elke Weik
This paper addresses the critique regarding the apolitical nature of institutionalist theorizing by developing the concept of virtuous institutions. I start from the observation that current public discourses are often characterized by a destructive pitting of ‘my values’ against ‘your values’. Values, in this usage, represent personal emotion-laden beliefs that are ultimately incompatible. In addition to fueling destructive public discourses, incompatible values (a feature that is central to institutional value theorizing) make system integration (a feature that is also central to institutional theorizing) very difficult. I therefore propose to reconceptualize values as virtues. Drawing on the communitarian ethics of Alasdair MacIntyre and the concept of institutional valuation of Roger Friedland, I suggest a reconceptualization of institutional values that introduces the notion of a common good, understands institutional practices as co-constitutive with such a good, and abolishes the assumption that values are fundamentally irrational and beyond reasoning.
本文通过提出 "良性机构 "的概念,回应了对制度主义理论非政治性的批评。我的出发点是,当前的公共讨论往往以 "我的价值观 "与 "你的价值观 "的破坏性对立为特征。在这种用法中,"价值观 "代表的是最终互不相容的、充满个人情感的信念。除了助长破坏性的公共话语之外,不相容的价值观(这是制度价值理论化的一个核心特征)还使系统整合(这也是制度理论化的一个核心特征)变得非常困难。因此,我建议将价值观重新概念化为美德。借鉴阿拉斯戴尔-麦金太尔(Alasdair MacIntyre)的社群主义伦理学和罗杰-弗里德兰(Roger Friedland)的制度价值概念,我建议对制度价值进行重新概念化,引入 "共同利益"(common good)的概念,将制度实践理解为与这种利益共同构成的,并废除 "价值从根本上说是非理性的、无法推理的 "这一假设。
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引用次数: 0
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