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Bringing Business and Societal Impact Together in an Evolving Energy Sector 在不断发展的能源领域将商业和社会影响结合在一起
Pub Date : 2019-05-01 DOI: 10.18178/JOCET.2019.7.3.508
I. Ilieva, B. Bremdal, S. Puranik
As the challenges associated with sustainability, urbanization, life quality and demography become more imminent, companies are adapting to the changing requirements by means of revised strategic approaches. Thus, enterprises are increasingly deviating from the traditionally absolute priority of maximizing total return for shareholders. While this priority is still important, businesses are also looking at the total societal impact (TSI), which represents a collection of measures and assessments that incorporate the economic, social and environmental impacts of their products and services [1]. This paper focuses on the compound influence that TSI may have within the energy domain. In particular, the business opportunities resulting from the Horizon 2020 funded project INVADE are being discussed but seen from the perspective of a socially responsible corporate strategy. Referring to discussions, analyses and undertaken initiatives this paper concludes that business models which incorporate environmentally friendly, local and social and fair energy are capable of accelerating business growth for the concerned companies.
随着与可持续发展、城市化、生活质量和人口结构相关的挑战变得越来越紧迫,公司正在通过修订战略方法来适应不断变化的需求。因此,企业越来越偏离传统上绝对优先考虑股东总回报最大化的原则。虽然这一优先事项仍然很重要,但企业也在关注总社会影响(TSI),它代表了将其产品和服务的经济、社会和环境影响纳入其中的一系列措施和评估[1]。本文重点讨论了TSI在能量域中可能产生的复合影响。特别是,从对社会负责的企业战略的角度来看,正在讨论由地平线2020资助的项目所带来的商业机会。通过讨论、分析和采取的举措,本文得出结论,将环境友好、本地和社会公平的能源结合起来的商业模式能够加速相关公司的业务增长。
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引用次数: 7
Cost Benefit Analysis of a Net-Zero Energy Housing in Qatar 卡塔尔净零能耗住宅的成本效益分析
Pub Date : 2019-05-01 DOI: 10.18178/jocet.2019.7.3.507
Samer Gowid, F. Musharavati, A. Hamouda
 Abstract —In response to local and global energy and health challenges, this paper presents the design and cost benefit of the implementation of Net-Zero Energy Housing (NZEH) to the existing villas in Qatar. Thus, this work determines whether the benefits outweigh the cost of the implementation of NZEH. There is uncertainty over the reliability of the presented cost benefit data in other countries as cost benefits differ from one place to another. A lack of empirical evidence has increased this uncertainty; particularly, a lack of evidence on the costs and benefits of a net zero and low emission housing option to private households. These costs include the cost of renewable energy technologies. This paper aims to bridge the research gap by applying cost benefit methods. Thermal insulation, solar power generation and solar water heating systems were modelled and lifecycle costing was applied to explore the costs and benefits across 25 years for net zero emission new house scenarios in Qatar. The average typical residential villa energy use establishes a baseline for determining energy and cost savings. A cost-benefit analysis was first performed at the subsystem level, house level and then at the country level and the results were in favour of the implementation of NZEH. Solar photovoltaic and solar water heating subsystems are designed in order to meet the hot water and electricity requirements of a typical villa. Thermal insulation was found to be non-beneficial due to the low electricity tariff in Qatar. Annual savings of 299 Qatari Riyals (QAR) per villa and 21 million QAR at the country level could be achieved if NZE housing is implemented. This is in addition to the numerous benefits of the utilization of clean and sustainable energy. If the initiative of NZEH is implemented to all types of residential and commercial units, Qatar would save a multiple of this amount with a significant reduction in related health
摘要:为了应对当地和全球的能源和健康挑战,本文介绍了在卡塔尔现有别墅中实施净零能耗住宅(NZEH)的设计和成本效益。因此,这项工作决定了实施NZEH的收益是否大于成本。其他国家所提供的成本效益数据的可靠性存在不确定性,因为成本效益因地而异。缺乏经验证据增加了这种不确定性;特别是,缺乏关于净零排放和低排放住房选择对私人家庭的成本和效益的证据。这些成本包括可再生能源技术的成本。本文旨在运用成本效益方法弥补这一研究空白。隔热材料、太阳能发电和太阳能热水系统进行了建模,并应用生命周期成本法来探索卡塔尔净零排放新住宅情景在25年内的成本和效益。典型住宅别墅的平均能源使用为确定能源和成本节约建立了一个基线。首先在子系统一级、家庭一级和国家一级进行了成本效益分析,结果有利于实施NZEH。为了满足典型别墅的热水用电需求,设计了太阳能光伏和太阳能热水供暖子系统。由于卡塔尔的低电价,隔热被发现是没有好处的。如果实施NZE住房,每栋别墅每年可节省299卡塔尔里亚尔(QAR),在国家一级可节省2100万卡塔尔里亚尔。除此之外,使用清洁和可持续能源还有许多好处。如果在所有类型的住宅和商业单位实施国家卫生健康倡议,卡塔尔将节省数倍于这一数额,并大大减少相关的保健费用
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引用次数: 3
Soiling of Photovoltaic Modules: Size Characterization of the Accumulated Dust 光伏组件的污染:累积尘埃的尺寸表征
Pub Date : 2019-05-01 DOI: 10.18178/jocet.2019.7.3.505
D. Goossens
 Abstract —Soiling significantly reduces the energy production of photovoltaic (PV) modules. The reduction is not only determined by the amount and composition, but also by the size distribution of the particles. This study investigates the particle-size characteristics of dust accumulated on horizontal and inclined glass surfaces used in PV modules. The accumulated dust is compared to the ambient airborne dust. Effects of tilt angle and wind speed are investigated. Variations in particle size over the glass surface are also studied. Dust accumulating on a photovoltaic module is finer than ambient airborne dust, except for a combination of forward tilt AND low wind velocity. For wind velocities large enough to initiate wind erosion the accumulated dust is finer than the airborne dust even in the case of forward tilt. For backward tilt the accumulated dust is always finer than the airborne dust. Reasons for the finer dust are the preferential accumulation of the finer particles in the wake of the module due to their lower response time compared to coarse particles and the preferential removal of the coarsest fractions by the wind. At forward tilt accumulated dust is finest near the leading and trailing edges of a module whereas at backward tilt the particle size distribution over a PV module is more uniform. Energy prediction models should incorporate these internal variations and the differences with airborne
摘要-污染会显著降低光伏(PV)组件的能源产量。还原不仅取决于颗粒的数量和组成,还取决于颗粒的大小分布。本研究研究了光伏组件中水平和倾斜玻璃表面积聚的粉尘的粒度特征。将累积的粉尘与周围空气中的粉尘进行比较。研究了倾斜角度和风速的影响。还研究了玻璃表面颗粒大小的变化。除了前倾和低风速的组合外,光伏组件上积累的粉尘比周围空气中的粉尘更细。当风速大到足以引起风蚀时,即使在向前倾斜的情况下,累积的粉尘也比空气中的粉尘细。对于后倾角,累积的粉尘总是比空气中的粉尘细。产生较细粉尘的原因是,与粗颗粒相比,较细颗粒的响应时间较短,因此在模块的尾迹中优先积累,并且风优先去除最粗的部分。在前倾状态下,组件前后缘附近的积尘最细,而在后倾状态下,光伏组件上的粒径分布更为均匀。能量预测模型应考虑这些内部变化和与空中的差异
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引用次数: 3
Studies on a Solar Assisted, CO2 Based Trigeneration System for Milk Processing: Performance Comparison between Throttle Valve and Ejector Expansion Valve 牛奶加工用太阳能辅助CO2三联产系统的研究:节流阀与喷射器膨胀阀的性能比较
Pub Date : 2019-03-01 DOI: 10.18178/jocet.2019.7.2.504
V. Ravindra, M. Ramgopal
19 doi: 10.18178/jocet.2019.7.2.504  Abstract—In this study, a transcritical CO2 based solar assisted trigeneration system for a dairy farm is analyzed. Performance comparison is made between an ejector based system (C1) and a conventional throttle valve based system (C2). A mathematical model of the system operating under steady state conditions is developed in Engineering Equation Solver (EES). The results are presented based on the consideration that the evaporator load for chilling of milk exactly matches with heating load in the process heat exchanger for pasteurization of milk. A parabolic trough collector is assumed to be used to heat the working fluid and an auxiliary heater is used to supplement the solar heat. The operating parameters are adjusted in such a manner that net power produced is always positive. The effects of turbine inlet temperature, ambient temperature, turbine inlet pressure and process heat exchanger pressure on overall COP, cooling COP and power cycle efficiency are analyzed. It is observed that compressor power input required in C1 configuration is about 45% lower than that required in C2 configuration. Increase in turbine inlet temperature marginally affects the power cycle efficiency for both the configurations. Cooling COP reduces significantly with increase in ambient temperature for both the configurations. This study provides a basis for the feasibility of trigeneration systems in dairy application where simultaneous heating and cooling are required in addition to small amount of electricity for parasitic loads such as lights, fans etc.
摘要-在本研究中,分析了一种用于奶牛场的跨临界CO2太阳能辅助三联产系统。对基于喷射器的系统(C1)和基于传统节流阀的系统(C2)进行了性能比较。在工程方程求解器(EES)中建立了系统稳态运行的数学模型。该结果是在考虑牛奶冷却蒸发器负荷与牛奶巴氏杀菌过程换热器的加热负荷完全匹配的基础上得出的。采用抛物线槽集热器对工作流体进行加热,采用辅助加热器对太阳热量进行补充。运行参数是这样调整的,即产生的净功率总是正的。分析了汽轮机进口温度、环境温度、汽轮机进口压力和过程换热器压力对总COP、冷却COP和动力循环效率的影响。可以看出,C1配置所需的压缩机功率输入比C2配置所需的压缩机功率输入低45%左右。涡轮入口温度的增加对两种配置的功率循环效率都有轻微的影响。对于两种配置,冷却COP都随着环境温度的升高而显著降低。该研究为三联产系统在乳品应用中的可行性提供了基础,除了少量的电力用于寄生负载(如灯,风扇等)外,还需要同时加热和冷却。
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引用次数: 2
Biodiesel Production from Cerbera Manghas Using Different Catalyst; NaOH and Zeolite 不同催化剂催化马尾草生产生物柴油NaOH和沸石
Pub Date : 2019-03-01 DOI: 10.18178/jocet.2019.7.2.502
Annisa Bhikuning, M. Hafnan
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引用次数: 0
The Implications of Household PV-Battery Systems for Utilities in Thailand 家庭光伏电池系统对泰国公用事业的影响
Pub Date : 2019-03-01 DOI: 10.18178/jocet.2019.7.2.503
A. Chaianong, Perdo Bangkok Thailand Environment, A. Bangviwat, C. Menke
Driven by decreasing PV and battery installation costs and mismatch between household demand and PV generation, household PV-battery systems are going to be deployed in the country and create significant implications for utilities in Thailand. This paper mainly discusses both negative and positive impacts of household PV-battery systems on Thai utilities. The use of household batteries (storing excess generation from PV during daytime and discharging it in the evening) can increase solar capacity values and energy values to power system, mitigate the problem of “duck curve” and decrease PV integration cost. Household customers can consume more PV electricity (increasing PV self-consumption ratio) from the inclusion of batteries. As a result, it leads to higher revenue losses and lower re-sale of exported electricity from PV to distribution utilities, while it is not the case for generation/transmission utilities since re-sale of exported electricity is only relevant to distribution power system and revenue losses of generation/transmission utilities remain unchanged. This is because with household batteries, the level of PV installation is the same (only shifting the consumption of household PV excess generation from daytime to evening). Therefore, it is necessary to precisely quantify each cost and benefit component in order to understand values of household batteries to the power system.
由于光伏和电池安装成本的下降以及家庭需求与光伏发电之间的不匹配,家庭光伏电池系统将在该国部署,并对泰国的公用事业产生重大影响。本文主要讨论了家庭光伏电池系统对泰国公用事业的消极和积极影响。家用电池的使用(白天储存多余的光伏发电,晚上放电)可以增加太阳能容量值和电力系统的能量值,缓解“鸭子曲线”问题,降低光伏集成成本。家庭用户可以通过加入电池来消耗更多的光伏电量(提高光伏自用比例)。因此,这会导致更高的收入损失和更少的光伏出口电力转售给配电公司,而发电/输电公司的情况并非如此,因为出口电力的转售只与配电系统有关,发电/输电公司的收入损失保持不变。这是因为对于家用电池,光伏安装水平是相同的(只是将家用光伏过剩发电的消耗从白天转移到晚上)。因此,为了了解家用电池对电力系统的价值,有必要精确量化每个成本和收益组成部分。
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引用次数: 1
The Effects of Metallization of Busbars on the Performance of PV Cell 母线金属化对光伏电池性能的影响
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.18178/jocet.2019.7.1.501
A. Qayoom, A. Qadir, Qasir Ali
 Abstract —Photovoltaic (PV) technology is one of the upcoming leading technology to curb environmental issues without affecting sustainable development. However, its efficiency and cost are the significant issues in getting its peak in energy sector. In this paper we have numerically investigated the effects of metallization on the performance of PV cell. By using Griddler2.5 software various designs of H-pattern PV cells have been studied. It is revealed that increase in the number of busbars augments the shading factor from 4.11% to 8.75% and fill factor increases from 69.39% to 81.06%. Moreover, it is found that efficiency of PV cell increases when busbars value reaches to 4, then it decreases, it may be due to the influence of shading. Similarly, as the size of busbar increases so does the shading factor increase from 5.05% to 12.54% and fill factor from 80.29% to 80.49%. While in this case efficiency decreased from 19.91% to 18.17% throughout sizing range of busbar in the study. Hence it found that thin metallic busbars are more beneficial for PV cell performance and optimal number of busbars to be used in a PV cell is
摘要-光伏(PV)技术是在不影响可持续发展的情况下遏制环境问题的未来领先技术之一。然而,它的效率和成本是其在能源领域达到顶峰的重要问题。本文用数值方法研究了金属化对光伏电池性能的影响。利用gridler2.5软件对h型光伏电池的各种设计进行了研究。结果表明,母线数量的增加使遮阳系数从4.11%增加到8.75%,填充系数从69.39%增加到81.06%。此外,当母线值达到4时,光伏电池的效率增加,然后下降,这可能是由于遮阳的影响。同样,随着母线尺寸的增加,遮阳系数从5.05%增加到12.54%,填充系数从80.29%增加到80.49%。而在这种情况下,在整个母线尺寸范围内,效率从19.91%下降到18.17%。因此,薄金属母线对光伏电池的性能更有利,并且在光伏电池中使用的最佳母线数量为
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引用次数: 2
Maximization of Solar Hot Water Production Using a Secondary Storage Tank 利用二次储罐实现太阳能热水生产的最大化
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.18178/jocet.2019.7.1.500
M. Gooroochurn, A. Visram
The use of passive thermosiphon solar water heating (SWH) is a cost-effective renewable source of energy for hot water production in Mauritius, given the relatively high solar yield year round. However, unavailability of sufficiently hot water for early morning use has been reported in households, confirmed by a survey undertaken, which may be due to improperly sized tank and/or collectors. Backup gas or electric heating is normally installed to cater for this problem. This paper presents the research work performed to analyze the dynamics of hot water production, consisting mainly of monitoring the temperature of the water inside the tank of an actual SWH in operation with the objective of characterizing the factors affecting hot water production. The temperature of the hot water inside the storage tank was found to fluctuate during the day and with consumption of hot water, and the mixing of mains cold water with the hot water was deemed to be a major factor leading to the shortage of hot water the next morning. Based on the analysis, a passive thermosiphon SWH in use in a household was modified by adding a second hot water tank with associated solenoid-actuated valves modulated by a microcontroller to regulate flow between the two tanks and to the end use point according to an appropriate rule set. The results show that hot water production can be optimized in currently installed SWH systems with the proposed design without back-up heating systems, thus providing an effective retrofit solution to systems in use.
鉴于毛里求斯全年相对较高的太阳能产量,使用被动式热虹吸太阳能热水(SWH)是一种具有成本效益的可再生热水生产能源。然而,据报告,一些家庭没有足够的热水供清晨使用,进行的一项调查证实了这一点,这可能是由于水箱和/或集热器尺寸不合适造成的。通常安装备用燃气或电加热来解决这个问题。本文介绍了为分析热水生产动态而进行的研究工作,主要包括监测实际运行的SWH水箱内的水温,目的是表征影响热水生产的因素。储水箱内热水的温度在白天和热水的消耗中都有波动,而主冷水和热水的混合被认为是导致第二天早上热水短缺的主要因素。在此基础上,对一个家庭使用的被动式热虹吸SWH进行了改进,增加了第二个热水箱,该热水箱带有相关的电磁驱动阀,由微控制器调节,根据适当的规则集调节两个水箱之间的流量和最终使用点。结果表明,在没有备用供暖系统的情况下,所提出的设计可以优化目前安装的SWH系统的热水产量,从而为正在使用的系统提供有效的改造解决方案。
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引用次数: 1
The Impact of Renewable Energy for Occupational Health in the Smart Grid Era 智能电网时代可再生能源对职业健康的影响
Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.18178/JOCET.2018.6.6.498
S. Gerassis, A. Abad, Eduardo Giráldez, J. Taboada
The aim of this study is to analyze how the growth of renewable energy in the power market is affecting workers health and what are the cost implications of having a healthier workforce. To tackle this issue, Big Data from occupational health surveillance carried out to over 4,000 workers in Spanish companies is used to unveil hidden patterns and relevant factors affecting workers health. Machine learning is used to create a predictive Bayesian model in order to seek out relevant patterns that allow to design more effective prevention plans. The results obtained shed light on the positive impact that an increasing renewable generation of electricity can produce to workers health in the electric industry. Skin problems are the main pathology identified, where nervous system diseases are found to be reduced for renewable generation workers.
本研究的目的是分析电力市场中可再生能源的增长如何影响工人的健康,以及拥有更健康的劳动力的成本含义是什么。为了解决这一问题,对西班牙公司4,000多名工人进行的职业健康监测的大数据被用来揭示影响工人健康的隐藏模式和相关因素。机器学习用于创建预测贝叶斯模型,以寻找相关模式,从而设计更有效的预防计划。所获得的结果阐明了不断增加的可再生发电对电力行业工人健康产生的积极影响。皮肤问题是确定的主要病理,其中神经系统疾病被发现减少了可再生能源发电工人。
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引用次数: 0
Sizing of A Large Isolated Solar Energy System for Bani Walid, Libya 利比亚班尼瓦利德大型隔离太阳能系统的规模
Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.18178/JOCET.2018.6.6.495
F. Mosbah, T. Iqbal
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Clean Energy Technologies
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