Hydrogen became zero-carbon fuel used in fuel-cell or internal combustion engines, regard- ing energy sector green-hydrogen also has become an energy carrier in commercial appli- cations. For supporting decarbonization strategies based on hydrogen, boron-fuels are good options to safely store for mobile technologies. Ammonia borane (NH3BH3) is the one of the boron based fuels that stored 19.6 wt.% H2 in its structure chemically. Cobalt (Co) decorated egg-shell-type activated carbon pellets were synthesized for catalytic application of hydrogen release from NH3BH3. Two different sized pellet type activated carbon was decorated with co- balt by combined procedure as modified vacuum-impregnation method with heat fixation and reduction. The obtained catalysts were characterized by applying optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), transmis- sion electron microscopy (TEM), nitrogen sorption based surface analyses (BET). Activated carbon provides porous structure for effectively dispersion Co particles while the outer shell shows the catalytic activity for hydrogen generation. Structural characterization results and preliminary activity tests confirmed that fabricated Co@ACPB exhibited better performance compared with Co@ACPS catalysts thanks to thinner shell thickness and higher BET surface area/pore volume properties. The results of the kinetic study showed the core-shell type Co based catalyst catalyzed the reaction and follows the zero-order reaction kinetic model with 41.78 kJmol-1. Activated carbon pellets provide well dispersion and stability of active Co sites, easy separation of used catalysts after the reaction and enable practical regeneration of cata- lytic materials.
{"title":"Cobalt decorated egg-shell-type activated carbon pellets: Catalytic application in hydrogen release from boron based solid fuel","authors":"B. Coşkuner Filiz","doi":"10.14744/cetj.2023.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14744/cetj.2023.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogen became zero-carbon fuel used in fuel-cell or internal combustion engines, regard- ing energy sector green-hydrogen also has become an energy carrier in commercial appli- cations. For supporting decarbonization strategies based on hydrogen, boron-fuels are good options to safely store for mobile technologies. Ammonia borane (NH3BH3) is the one of the boron based fuels that stored 19.6 wt.% H2 in its structure chemically. Cobalt (Co) decorated egg-shell-type activated carbon pellets were synthesized for catalytic application of hydrogen release from NH3BH3. Two different sized pellet type activated carbon was decorated with co- balt by combined procedure as modified vacuum-impregnation method with heat fixation and reduction. The obtained catalysts were characterized by applying optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), transmis- sion electron microscopy (TEM), nitrogen sorption based surface analyses (BET). Activated carbon provides porous structure for effectively dispersion Co particles while the outer shell shows the catalytic activity for hydrogen generation. Structural characterization results and preliminary activity tests confirmed that fabricated Co@ACPB exhibited better performance compared with Co@ACPS catalysts thanks to thinner shell thickness and higher BET surface area/pore volume properties. The results of the kinetic study showed the core-shell type Co based catalyst catalyzed the reaction and follows the zero-order reaction kinetic model with 41.78 kJmol-1. Activated carbon pellets provide well dispersion and stability of active Co sites, easy separation of used catalysts after the reaction and enable practical regeneration of cata- lytic materials.","PeriodicalId":15527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clean Energy Technologies","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87363951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rising energy demand necessitates a rapid transition to renewable energy and efficient technologies. The Nigerian household sector consumes enormous energy to meet domestic needs such as water heating. Furthermore, rising electricity costs hinders the commercial use of electric water heaters. As a result, energy users rely on conventional methods of heating water. In general, over-reliance on traditional water-heating systems have resulted in envi-ronmental degradation and public health crises. Adopting energy-efficient technologies may improve energy security, mitigate energy crises, reduce costs, and further optimize household energy consumption. This paper provides a comprehensive review of existing and emerging water-heating systems with a summary of recent innovations in water- heating systems. Var-ious types of hybrid and renewable water heating systems, as well as their configurations, are examined. In addition, relevant studies on different water-heating technologies are reviewed and classified according to their contribution, study type, and technology. The review findings are well articulated, and policy recommendations for solar water heating systems are made. This review's findings identify research gaps in the hybrid water-heating technology in Nige-ria. This survey provides insight into solar and hybrid solar systems as an alternative solution to fossil-fuel-based water heating systems.
{"title":"A review of water heating systems: A Focus on hybrid technologies prospect in Nigeria","authors":"O. Ayodeji","doi":"10.14744/cetj.2023.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14744/cetj.2023.0005","url":null,"abstract":"The rising energy demand necessitates a rapid transition to renewable energy and efficient technologies. The Nigerian household sector consumes enormous energy to meet domestic needs such as water heating. Furthermore, rising electricity costs hinders the commercial use of electric water heaters. As a result, energy users rely on conventional methods of heating water. In general, over-reliance on traditional water-heating systems have resulted in envi-ronmental degradation and public health crises. Adopting energy-efficient technologies may improve energy security, mitigate energy crises, reduce costs, and further optimize household energy consumption. This paper provides a comprehensive review of existing and emerging water-heating systems with a summary of recent innovations in water- heating systems. Var-ious types of hybrid and renewable water heating systems, as well as their configurations, are examined. In addition, relevant studies on different water-heating technologies are reviewed and classified according to their contribution, study type, and technology. The review findings are well articulated, and policy recommendations for solar water heating systems are made. This review's findings identify research gaps in the hybrid water-heating technology in Nige-ria. This survey provides insight into solar and hybrid solar systems as an alternative solution to fossil-fuel-based water heating systems.","PeriodicalId":15527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clean Energy Technologies","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89586460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effect of air flowing into an in an active indirect mode solar dryer was studied. The study aimed at optimizing the airflow features of a solar dryer of active indirect feature using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The factors of the experiment included the product slice thickness of the experimental product and the air vent of the dryer. The two factors were considered at five levels and a total of 13 experimental runs derived. The air vent was based on the following shape orientations: square, rectangular, circular, and triangular. The thickness of the product was considered at five levels of 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 mm. The responses from the experimental set up were the air flow rate and drag force, which were determined using established equations. The optimum values for the air flow rate and drag force were 0.0275 m3/s and 0.0476N, respectively. The corresponding optimal conditions which gave the optimum responses were 100 cm2 - square inlet and product slice thickness of 20 mm for air flow rate and 80 cm2 -rectangular inlet and product slice thickness of 20 mm for drag force, respectively. The models for predicting the responses were adequate, with r-square values 0.9463 and 0.9376 and desirabilities of 99.2 and 95.0% for air flow rate and drag force respectively. The experiment was repeated using the optimal conditions to validate the optimum responses. The variation between the predicted and experimental data was less than 8%.
{"title":"Optimization of air inlet features of an active indirect mode solar dryer: A response surface approach","authors":"P. Etim","doi":"10.14744/cetj.2023.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14744/cetj.2023.0003","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of air flowing into an in an active indirect mode solar dryer was studied. The study aimed at optimizing the airflow features of a solar dryer of active indirect feature using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The factors of the experiment included the product slice thickness of the experimental product and the air vent of the dryer. The two factors were considered at five levels and a total of 13 experimental runs derived. The air vent was based on the following shape orientations: square, rectangular, circular, and triangular. The thickness of the product was considered at five levels of 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 mm. The responses from the experimental set up were the air flow rate and drag force, which were determined using established equations. The optimum values for the air flow rate and drag force were 0.0275 m3/s and 0.0476N, respectively. The corresponding optimal conditions which gave the optimum responses were 100 cm2 - square inlet and product slice thickness of 20 mm for air flow rate and 80 cm2 -rectangular inlet and product slice thickness of 20 mm for drag force, respectively. The models for predicting the responses were adequate, with r-square values 0.9463 and 0.9376 and desirabilities of 99.2 and 95.0% for air flow rate and drag force respectively. The experiment was repeated using the optimal conditions to validate the optimum responses. The variation between the predicted and experimental data was less than 8%.","PeriodicalId":15527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clean Energy Technologies","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89048254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Introduction to a New Journal: Clean Energy Technologies Journal (CETJ)","authors":"B. Ozkaya","doi":"10.14744/cetj.2022.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14744/cetj.2022.0001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clean Energy Technologies","volume":"91 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72597805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Voltage stability has always been a very important issue in the planning and operation of pow- er systems, but today it is much more serious. Power systems are in a transition period. The conventional centralized configuration of the power system has been transforming into a de- centralized and deregulated form. The electrification of different sectors is accelerating the increase in demand for electrical energy. Increasing energy demand, differentiating consump- tion profiles, and diversifying consumers have made power system operations more complex. All these transformations take place in the shadow of rising economic and environmental con- cerns. Therefore, a general approach has been adopted to derive the greatest possible benefit from existing systems, rather than constructing new facilities. As a result, it is aimed to operate the systems close to limit values as much as possible. The voltage stability of systems operating close to the limit values needs to be examined more precisely. There are many voltage stability indices in the literature. However, most of them are based on various ignorance or assumptions. In this study, a new index is proposed, which is based on line loading and considering multiple line parameters. It has been observed that the suggested index gives consistent results in all varying conditions and different loading types.
{"title":"A new line stability index for voltage stability analysis based on line loading","authors":"Kadir Doğanşahin","doi":"10.14744/cetj.2023.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14744/cetj.2023.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Voltage stability has always been a very important issue in the planning and operation of pow- er systems, but today it is much more serious. Power systems are in a transition period. The conventional centralized configuration of the power system has been transforming into a de- centralized and deregulated form. The electrification of different sectors is accelerating the increase in demand for electrical energy. Increasing energy demand, differentiating consump- tion profiles, and diversifying consumers have made power system operations more complex. All these transformations take place in the shadow of rising economic and environmental con- cerns. Therefore, a general approach has been adopted to derive the greatest possible benefit from existing systems, rather than constructing new facilities. As a result, it is aimed to operate the systems close to limit values as much as possible. The voltage stability of systems operating close to the limit values needs to be examined more precisely. There are many voltage stability indices in the literature. However, most of them are based on various ignorance or assumptions. In this study, a new index is proposed, which is based on line loading and considering multiple line parameters. It has been observed that the suggested index gives consistent results in all varying conditions and different loading types.","PeriodicalId":15527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clean Energy Technologies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88166992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.18178/jocet.2022.10.2.532
B. Motling, S. Paul, S. Dey
This paper presents a hybrid approach to calculate the optimal size of inverter-based distributed generation unit located at any given bus of a radial distribution network to minimize the active power loss in the network in presence of limit imposed on the maximum allowable value of total harmonic distortion in bus voltages. The suggested approach combines efficient iterative computations with a rule base developed in the present work, and requires much less computation compared to the evolutionary population based methods reported so far, to reach the desired solution. In support of this claim, the proposed methodology was tested on two bench-mark distribution test systems, and the test results were compared and validated with those obtained using Particle Swarm Optimization technique. PSO has been chosen for comparison as it is one of the most widely used among the evolutionary population based methods due to its simple approach, ease of implementation, and also because of its superiority in terms of precision, robustness and speed of convergence. From the comparative results it has been established that the proposed method can provide solution for the problem undertaken in this work with significantly less computation than is required by the evolutionary computation based methods.
{"title":"A Hybrid Approach for Optimal Sizing of Inverter-Based Distributed Generation Unit in Presence of Harmonic Distortion Limit","authors":"B. Motling, S. Paul, S. Dey","doi":"10.18178/jocet.2022.10.2.532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18178/jocet.2022.10.2.532","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a hybrid approach to calculate the optimal size of inverter-based distributed generation unit located at any given bus of a radial distribution network to minimize the active power loss in the network in presence of limit imposed on the maximum allowable value of total harmonic distortion in bus voltages. The suggested approach combines efficient iterative computations with a rule base developed in the present work, and requires much less computation compared to the evolutionary population based methods reported so far, to reach the desired solution. In support of this claim, the proposed methodology was tested on two bench-mark distribution test systems, and the test results were compared and validated with those obtained using Particle Swarm Optimization technique. PSO has been chosen for comparison as it is one of the most widely used among the evolutionary population based methods due to its simple approach, ease of implementation, and also because of its superiority in terms of precision, robustness and speed of convergence. From the comparative results it has been established that the proposed method can provide solution for the problem undertaken in this work with significantly less computation than is required by the evolutionary computation based methods.","PeriodicalId":15527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clean Energy Technologies","volume":"421 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77503705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.18178/jocet.2022.10.1.531
Kamel Almutairi, R. Alahmadi
Saudi Arabia has an ambitious plan to diversify its power generation resources. Part of this plan includes launching the King Salman Renewable Energy Initiative (KSREI). The goal of this work is to study the feasibility of the first utility-scale wind farm in Saudi Arabia, known as the 400 MW Dumat Al-Jandal project, and was conducted using the System Advisor Model (SAM) software. As the hub height of the wind turbine is usually different from the height at which the wind measurements are taken, the wind speeds were extrapolated to different heights using different methods. These methods are the power law using two different shear coefficients and the logarithmic law. The simulations were performed for 113 commercial wind turbines with different sizes and power curves to help enhance our understanding of the effects of these factors on wind farm performance. The technical analysis shows that the capacity factors of the most efficient wind machine types varied from 35.5%–26.8%, 32.9%–25.5%, and 29.7%–23.7% for the heights 140 m, 110 m, and 80 m, respectively. From an economic perspective, the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of the most efficient wind machine types varied from 3.23–4.57 ¢/kWh, 3.55–4.84 ¢/kWh, and 4.02-5.82 ¢/kWh for the heights 140 m, 110 m, and 80 m, respectively. The lowest possible LCOE (3.23 ¢/kWh), according to this analysis, is in the same range of the submitted LCOE by the project’s winning bidder. Finally, the net present value (NPV) shows that the project is economically feasible.
{"title":"The Feasibility of the First Utility-Scale Wind Farm in Saudi Arabia (The 400 MW Dumat Al-Jandal Project)","authors":"Kamel Almutairi, R. Alahmadi","doi":"10.18178/jocet.2022.10.1.531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18178/jocet.2022.10.1.531","url":null,"abstract":"Saudi Arabia has an ambitious plan to diversify its power generation resources. Part of this plan includes launching the King Salman Renewable Energy Initiative (KSREI). The goal of this work is to study the feasibility of the first utility-scale wind farm in Saudi Arabia, known as the 400 MW Dumat Al-Jandal project, and was conducted using the System Advisor Model (SAM) software. As the hub height of the wind turbine is usually different from the height at which the wind measurements are taken, the wind speeds were extrapolated to different heights using different methods. These methods are the power law using two different shear coefficients and the logarithmic law. The simulations were performed for 113 commercial wind turbines with different sizes and power curves to help enhance our understanding of the effects of these factors on wind farm performance. The technical analysis shows that the capacity factors of the most efficient wind machine types varied from 35.5%–26.8%, 32.9%–25.5%, and 29.7%–23.7% for the heights 140 m, 110 m, and 80 m, respectively. From an economic perspective, the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of the most efficient wind machine types varied from 3.23–4.57 ¢/kWh, 3.55–4.84 ¢/kWh, and 4.02-5.82 ¢/kWh for the heights 140 m, 110 m, and 80 m, respectively. The lowest possible LCOE (3.23 ¢/kWh), according to this analysis, is in the same range of the submitted LCOE by the project’s winning bidder. Finally, the net present value (NPV) shows that the project is economically feasible.","PeriodicalId":15527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clean Energy Technologies","volume":"265 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90766469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.18178/jocet.2021.9.4.530
S. Dadman, B. Bremdal, Kristoffer Tangrand
The research presented here has been conducted in the Smart Charge project. It has addressed the use of renewables, e-mobility and battery charging in the Arctic as part of an effort to solicit fossil-fuelled alternatives. Of particular interest has been to determine what impact and support electric snowmobiles can provide together with local, renewable energy production. The relevance of vehicle-togrid/ building (V2G/B) solutions have been investigated in the project too. The idea has been to use electric snowmobiles for load shaving during extensive periods of the year. The research has looked at cost aspects, value stacking, climate impact as well as aggregated effects of controlled fleet management of idle snowmobiles. A case study undertaken at Longyearbyen at Svalbard, Norway has provided the most important empirical basis for the research presented. The research concludes that electric snowmobiles can have a positive effect on the local energy system and despite limited range can be quite attractive for the individual to operate if energy for charging is based on local driving solar power.
{"title":"The Role of Electric Snowmobiles and Rooftop Energy Production in the Arctic: The Case of Longyearbyen","authors":"S. Dadman, B. Bremdal, Kristoffer Tangrand","doi":"10.18178/jocet.2021.9.4.530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18178/jocet.2021.9.4.530","url":null,"abstract":"The research presented here has been conducted in the Smart Charge project. It has addressed the use of renewables, e-mobility and battery charging in the Arctic as part of an effort to solicit fossil-fuelled alternatives. Of particular interest has been to determine what impact and support electric snowmobiles can provide together with local, renewable energy production. The relevance of vehicle-togrid/ building (V2G/B) solutions have been investigated in the project too. The idea has been to use electric snowmobiles for load shaving during extensive periods of the year. The research has looked at cost aspects, value stacking, climate impact as well as aggregated effects of controlled fleet management of idle snowmobiles. A case study undertaken at Longyearbyen at Svalbard, Norway has provided the most important empirical basis for the research presented. The research concludes that electric snowmobiles can have a positive effect on the local energy system and despite limited range can be quite attractive for the individual to operate if energy for charging is based on local driving solar power.","PeriodicalId":15527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clean Energy Technologies","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76061918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.18178/jocet.2021.9.3.529
L. Gómez, S. Luque, Alejandra Gutiérrez, R. ArraibiJ.
In Spain, biomethane and biogas are still starting to be considered as an alternative to natural gas. A good way of promoting these renewable energies is supporting small and cheap treatment plants near to the place where the biogas is produced and where the biomethane can be used on site, fostering the circular economy. An easily usable simulation tool for selecting the best sequence of unit operations for treating biogas (based on adsorption, absorption, and membranes) has been designed. Pollutants modelled are CO2, CH4, NH3, SH2, CO2, O2, N2, H2O and siloxanes. This tool was used as first step to design a flexible and portable prototype for treating small flows of biogas as those produced in livestock which has been later built and is on operation.
{"title":"Implementing of a Usable Tool for Selecting Operations to Upgrade Biogas to Biomethane","authors":"L. Gómez, S. Luque, Alejandra Gutiérrez, R. ArraibiJ.","doi":"10.18178/jocet.2021.9.3.529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18178/jocet.2021.9.3.529","url":null,"abstract":"In Spain, biomethane and biogas are still starting to be considered as an alternative to natural gas. A good way of promoting these renewable energies is supporting small and cheap treatment plants near to the place where the biogas is produced and where the biomethane can be used on site, fostering the circular economy. An easily usable simulation tool for selecting the best sequence of unit operations for treating biogas (based on adsorption, absorption, and membranes) has been designed. Pollutants modelled are CO2, CH4, NH3, SH2, CO2, O2, N2, H2O and siloxanes. This tool was used as first step to design a flexible and portable prototype for treating small flows of biogas as those produced in livestock which has been later built and is on operation.","PeriodicalId":15527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clean Energy Technologies","volume":"26 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81631306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.18178/jocet.2021.9.3.528
Raed Alahmdi, Abdulrahman Alansari, Mohanad Abualkhair, Abdulrahman Almoghamisi, D. Minerals
The main problem in studying the feasibility of solar systems is the enormous gap between theory and experimental radiation intensity, so to get accurate results there is a need for studying energy production in the site of the system empirically. In this study, the energy production of both fixed PV panel system and the system with single-axis tracking were empirically evaluated in Medina, Saudi Arabia. The two systems had the same 270 Wp PV panel. The fixed system was tilted by 23.5 degrees, and the single-axis tracker was tilted by 26 degrees. Both systems had an azimuth angle of zero degrees. A closedloop three-points controller was used to control the tracker with 120 degrees rotation range. The two systems operated simultaneously in July, and the data were collected for 14 days. The empirical results showed that the tracker increased the generated energy by 48.5% during the testing period. As a comparing method, a modified ASHRAE model was used to estimate the increase in the panel's energy output with and without the single-axis tracker, and RMSE and MBE were calculated. It's been found that the experimental energy generation is 10%, 5% less than the estimation of the modified model for the fixed system and the tracking system, respectively. Finally, based on the analysis, it's been estimated that the singleaxis tracker will increase the generated energy by 22.5% yearly in Medina.
{"title":"Empirical Evaluation of Fixed and Single-Axis Tracking Photovoltaic System: Case of ASHRAE Solar Radiation Modelling for Medina, Saudi Arabia","authors":"Raed Alahmdi, Abdulrahman Alansari, Mohanad Abualkhair, Abdulrahman Almoghamisi, D. Minerals","doi":"10.18178/jocet.2021.9.3.528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18178/jocet.2021.9.3.528","url":null,"abstract":"The main problem in studying the feasibility of solar systems is the enormous gap between theory and experimental radiation intensity, so to get accurate results there is a need for studying energy production in the site of the system empirically. In this study, the energy production of both fixed PV panel system and the system with single-axis tracking were empirically evaluated in Medina, Saudi Arabia. The two systems had the same 270 Wp PV panel. The fixed system was tilted by 23.5 degrees, and the single-axis tracker was tilted by 26 degrees. Both systems had an azimuth angle of zero degrees. A closedloop three-points controller was used to control the tracker with 120 degrees rotation range. The two systems operated simultaneously in July, and the data were collected for 14 days. The empirical results showed that the tracker increased the generated energy by 48.5% during the testing period. As a comparing method, a modified ASHRAE model was used to estimate the increase in the panel's energy output with and without the single-axis tracker, and RMSE and MBE were calculated. It's been found that the experimental energy generation is 10%, 5% less than the estimation of the modified model for the fixed system and the tracking system, respectively. Finally, based on the analysis, it's been estimated that the singleaxis tracker will increase the generated energy by 22.5% yearly in Medina.","PeriodicalId":15527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clean Energy Technologies","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85476673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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