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Extending the translational science benefits model to implementation science for cancer prevention and control. 推广转化科学效益模式,实施癌症防治科学。
IF 2.1 Q3 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-11-05 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2024.582
Karen M Emmons, Ross C Brownson, Douglas A Luke

Introduction: There is increasing pressure on the federal research budget and shifting public opinions about the value of the academic enterprise. We must develop and apply metrics that demonstrate the broad benefits of research for health and society. The Translational Science Benefits Model (TSBM) measures the impact of large-scale translational science initiatives, such as the National Cancer Institute's Cancer Moonshot. TSBM provides the scaffolding to illustrate how science has real-world health impacts. We propose an expansion of the TSBM to explicitly include implementation-focused outcomes.

Methods: TSBM includes four categories of benefits, including (1) clinical and medical, (2) community and public health, (3) economic, and (4) policy and legislative. Implementation science outcomes serve as a precursor to the model's established domains of impact and can help to sharpen focus on the translational steps needed to achieve a broad range of impacts. We provide several examples of studies that illustrate these implementation outcomes and other clinical and community benefits.

Conclusions: It is important to consider a broad range of scientific impacts and the conditions that are necessary to achieve them. The expansion of the TSBM to include implementation science outcomes may help to accelerate the cancer community's ability to achieve the goal of preventing 4 million cancer deaths by 2047.

联邦研究预算的压力越来越大,公众对学术事业价值的看法也在不断变化。我们必须制定和应用指标,证明研究对健康和社会的广泛益处。转化科学效益模型(TSBM)衡量大规模转化科学计划的影响,例如国家癌症研究所的癌症登月计划。TSBM提供了脚手架来说明科学如何对现实世界的健康产生影响。我们建议扩大TSBM,明确包括以实施为重点的成果。方法:TSBM包括四大类效益,包括(1)临床和医疗效益,(2)社区和公共卫生效益,(3)经济效益,(4)政策和立法效益。实施科学成果是该模型已确定的影响领域的先驱者,可以帮助重点关注实现广泛影响所需的转化步骤。我们提供了几个研究实例来说明这些实施结果和其他临床和社区效益。结论:重要的是要考虑广泛的科学影响和实现这些影响所需的条件。将TSBM扩大到包括实施科学成果,可能有助于加快癌症界实现到2047年预防400万癌症死亡的目标的能力。
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引用次数: 0
Erratum: Re-validation of the mentoring competency assessment to evaluate skills of research mentors: The MCA-21 - CORRIGENDUM. 重新验证指导能力评估,以评估研究导师的技能:MCA-21 -勘误表。
IF 2.1 Q3 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-11-05 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2024.637
So Hee Hyun, Jenna G Rogers, Stephanie C House, Christine A Sorkness, Christine Pfund

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1017/cts.2022.381.].

[这更正了文章DOI: 10.1017/cts.2022.381.]。
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引用次数: 0
Ethical considerations for respectful research participant payment processes. 尊重研究参与者支付过程的伦理考虑。
IF 2.1 Q3 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-11-04 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2024.650
Devan M Duenas, Elliott Mark Weiss, Benjamin S Wilfond, Stephanie A Kraft

Background: Researchers and research organizations acknowledge the importance of paying research participants but often overlook the process of providing participant payments as a locus for improving equity and inclusion in clinical research. In this conceptual paper, we argue that participants' lived experiences and social context should be recognized and respected when developing these processes.

Methods: We consider how participant payment processes that require specific payment types, delay the timing of payment, or require sharing sensitive information may impose barriers to equitable research. Building on findings from empirical research of participants' perspectives on respect in research and a relational ethics framework of person-oriented research ethics, we explore how researchers and research organizations can better demonstrate respect through the research participation payment process.

Results: We propose five considerations for demonstrating respect when providing payment: (1) practice cultural humility, (2) be mindful of socioeconomic factors, (3) be flexible, (4) be transparent, and (5) maintain open communication. These considerations are intended to address the lack of existing ethical guidance around the process for participant payments and promote more inclusive clinical research. We provide a set of sample questions for research teams to consider how they could modify their payment processes to better demonstrate respect.

Conclusions: By better demonstrating respect for participants when providing payment, researchers can work toward ensuring that their research procedures are more inclusive, respond to the needs of diverse communities, and result in more equitable relationships with participants.

背景:研究人员和研究机构承认向研究参与者支付报酬的重要性,但往往忽视了向参与者支付报酬的过程,这是提高临床研究公平性和包容性的关键。在这篇概念性论文中,我们认为在发展这些过程时,参与者的生活经历和社会背景应该得到承认和尊重。方法:我们考虑了参与者支付过程中需要特定支付类型、延迟支付时间或需要共享敏感信息可能对公平研究造成的障碍。基于参与者对研究中尊重的观点的实证研究结果和以人为本的研究伦理的关系伦理框架,我们探讨了研究人员和研究机构如何通过研究参与支付过程更好地展示尊重。结果:我们提出了在支付时表现尊重的五个考虑因素:(1)实践文化谦逊,(2)注意社会经济因素,(3)灵活,(4)透明,(5)保持开放的沟通。这些考虑旨在解决参与者支付过程中缺乏现有伦理指导的问题,并促进更具包容性的临床研究。我们提供了一组样本问题,供研究团队考虑如何修改付款流程,以更好地体现尊重。结论:通过在提供报酬时更好地展示对参与者的尊重,研究人员可以努力确保他们的研究程序更具包容性,响应不同社区的需求,并与参与者建立更公平的关系。
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引用次数: 0
REDCap as an accreditation tool for academic programs in clinical research: A case study. REDCap作为临床研究学术项目的认证工具:案例研究。
IF 2.1 Q3 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-10-31 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2024.615
Barbara Tafuto, Doreen W Lechner

The Master of Science in Clinical Research Management program at Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences underwent significant restructuring aligned with the Clinical and Translational Science Award funding parameters. This evolution necessitated formal evaluation through accreditation by the Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs. The years-long accreditation process posed challenges, particularly regarding the collection of course learning outcomes data aligned with accreditation competency standards. The objective of this special communication is to report the rationale behind pursuing accreditation for clinical research degrees, the data collection challenges during the accreditation process, and a potential solution. In order to address existing university metric data gaps, Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) software was used to develop a data collection tool that streamlined the accreditation process and reduced the administrative burden. REDCap was effective in allowing faculty to self-report 3 years of course outcomes data for accreditation. There was an elevated level of user satisfaction compared to alternative data collection methods. A SWOT analysis identified the strengths and weaknesses of using REDCap, emphasizing strengths in functionality that include customizability, data validation, and compliance with regulatory standards. Overall, the advantages of leveraging REDCap for accreditation data collection, including customization, data security, and user-friendliness outweigh the key disadvantage of REDCap, which is its limited reporting capabilities.

罗格斯生物医学健康科学学院临床研究管理硕士项目根据临床和转化科学奖的资助参数进行了重大重组。这种演变需要通过联合健康教育项目认证委员会的认证进行正式评估。长达数年的认证过程带来了挑战,特别是在收集符合认证能力标准的课程学习成果数据方面。本特别通讯的目的是报告临床研究学位认证背后的基本原理,认证过程中数据收集的挑战,以及可能的解决方案。为了解决现有的大学度量数据差距,研究电子数据捕获(REDCap)软件被用来开发一个数据收集工具,简化了认证过程,减少了行政负担。REDCap有效地允许教师自我报告3年的课程成果数据,以获得认证。与其他数据收集方法相比,用户满意度有所提高。SWOT分析确定了使用REDCap的优势和劣势,强调了功能方面的优势,包括可定制性、数据验证和遵守监管标准。总的来说,利用REDCap进行认证数据收集的优势,包括定制、数据安全性和用户友好性,超过了REDCap的主要缺点,即报告能力有限。
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引用次数: 0
Examining the impact of the QUARTET USA trial using the translational science benefits model. 使用转化科学效益模型检验美国四重奏试验的影响。
IF 2.1 Q3 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-10-31 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2024.641
Guhan Iyer, Danielle Lazar, Abigail S Baldridge, Jairo Mejia, Clara K Chow, Namratha R Kandula, Olutobi A Sanuade, Linda Rosul, Jody D Ciolino, Mark D Huffman

Evaluation of benefits beyond quantitative academic outputs is essential in determining translational research value. We used the Translational Science Benefits Model (TSBM) to examine the impact of the QUARTET USA trial using 30 benefits across 4 domains: Clinical, Community, Economic, and Policy. We found that the QUARTET USA trial demonstrated impact in six areas within the Clinical, and Community domains and had potential impact in two additional areas within the Community and Economic domains. Use of the TSBM supports the value of the QUARTET USA trial, which can be used as a template for future cardiovascular trials.

在确定转化研究价值时,评估定量学术产出之外的效益是必不可少的。我们使用转化科学效益模型(TSBM)来检查美国四方试验的影响,使用临床、社区、经济和政策4个领域的30个效益。我们发现,美国四方试验在临床和社区领域的六个领域显示出影响,并在社区和经济领域的另外两个领域具有潜在影响。TSBM的使用支持了美国QUARTET试验的价值,该试验可作为未来心血管试验的模板。
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引用次数: 0
Community Engagement Studios to advance multi-site research with older adults. 社区参与工作室推进老年人的多地点研究。
IF 2.1 Q3 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-10-31 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2024.630
Meredith C Masel, Kerri L Cavanaugh, Sharon P Croisant, Krista Bohn, James S Goodwin, Martha L Bruce, Paul J Barr

Introduction: Operationalizing multi-site Community Engagement (CE) Studios to inform a research program is valuable for researchers. We describe the process and outcomes of hosting three CE Studios with Community Experts aged 65 years or older with chronic conditions and care partners of older adults. Experts gave feedback about processes for testing the feasibility, efficacy, effectiveness, and implementation of audio recording clinic visits and sharing recordings with patients who have multimorbidity and their care partners.

Methods: The CE Cores of the Clinical and Translational Science Awards Programs at three academic health science centers created a joint CE Studio guide. Studios were conducted iteratively by site. Following receipt of the final reports, responses were compared to find themes, similarities, and differences on four topics in addition to overall commentary: Recruitment and Retention, Study Protocol, Study Reminders and Frequency, and Recording Technology.

Results: Eighteen older adults and care partners in three states provided valuable feedback to inform multi-site trials. Feedback influenced multiple aspects of trials in process or subsequently funded. Experts provided critique on the wording of study invitations, information sheets, and reminders to engage in study procedures. Experts were concerned for participants being disappointed by randomization to a control arm and advised how investigators should prepare to address that.

Conclusions: Multi-site CE Studios should be consecutive, so each team can learn from the previous teams. Using the CES Toolkit ensures that final reports were easily comparable and utilized to develop a research program that now includes three federally funded clinical trials.

介绍:多站点社区参与(CE)工作室的运作对研究人员来说是有价值的。我们描述了举办三个CE工作室的过程和结果,这些工作室有65岁或65岁以上的慢性病社区专家和老年人的护理伙伴。专家们就测试可行性、疗效、有效性和实施录音门诊就诊以及与患有多种疾病的患者及其护理伙伴共享录音的过程提供了反馈。方法:三个学术卫生科学中心临床和转化科学奖励项目的CE核心创建了一个联合CE工作室指南。工作室是按场地进行迭代的。在收到最终报告后,除了总体评论外,还对回答进行了比较,以找出四个主题的主题、相似点和不同点:招募和保留、研究方案、学习提醒和频率以及记录技术。结果:三个州的18名老年人和护理伙伴提供了有价值的反馈,为多地点试验提供了信息。反馈影响了正在进行或随后资助的试验的多个方面。专家对研究邀请的措辞、信息表和参与研究程序的提醒提出了批评。专家们担心参与者对随机分配到对照组感到失望,并建议研究人员应该如何准备解决这个问题。结论:多地点CE工作室应该是连续的,这样每个团队都可以向之前的团队学习。使用CES工具包可确保最终报告易于比较,并用于开发研究项目,目前包括三个联邦资助的临床试验。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of neonatal sepsis on serum selenium levels: Evidence of decreased selenium in sepsis-affected neonates. 新生儿脓毒症对血清硒水平的影响:脓毒症患儿硒含量降低的证据。
IF 2.1 Q3 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-10-31 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2024.611
Seyed Hossein Saadat, Rakhshaneh Goodarzi, Zeynab Elahi, Aref Ameri

Introduction: Essential trace elements and micronutrients are critical in eliciting an effective immune response to combat sepsis, with selenium being particularly noteworthy. The objective of this investigation is to analyze and the levels of serum selenium in neonates within sepsis and control groups.

Methodology: In 2023, a case-control study was carried out involving 66 hospitalized infants - 33 diagnosed with sepsis forming the case group and 33 free from sepsis constituting the control group - along with their mothers, at Children's and Shariati Hospitals in Bandar Abbas. The serum selenium concentrations (expressed in micrograms per deciliter) were quantified utilizing atomic absorption spectrometry. Subsequently, the data were processed and analyzed using IBM SPSS statistical software, version 22.

Results: The average serum selenium level in neonates with sepsis (42.06 ± 20.40 µg/dL) was notably lower compared to the control group (55.61 ± 20.33 µg/dL), a difference that was statistically significant (p-value = 0.009). The levels of serum selenium were comparable between neonates and mothers across both study groups.

Conclusion: The findings of this research indicate that selenium levels in the sepsis group were reduced compared to the control group, despite similar selenium levels in the mothers and neonates in both groups, suggesting that sepsis could be associated with a decrease in selenium levels.

简介:必需的微量元素和微量营养素在引发对抗败血症的有效免疫反应中至关重要,其中硒尤其值得注意。本研究的目的是分析脓毒症和对照组新生儿血清硒的水平。方法:2023年,在阿巴斯港儿童医院和沙里亚蒂医院开展了一项病例对照研究,涉及66名住院婴儿及其母亲,其中33名被诊断为败血症,构成病例组,33名未被诊断为败血症,构成对照组。采用原子吸收光谱法测定血清硒浓度(以微克/分升表示)。随后,使用IBM SPSS统计软件22版对数据进行处理和分析。结果:新生儿败血症组血清硒平均水平(42.06±20.40µg/dL)明显低于对照组(55.61±20.33µg/dL),差异有统计学意义(p值= 0.009)。在两个研究组中,新生儿和母亲的血清硒水平具有可比性。结论:本研究结果表明,尽管两组母亲和新生儿的硒水平相似,但脓毒症组的硒水平比对照组降低,提示脓毒症可能与硒水平降低有关。
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引用次数: 0
Accelerating evidence generation: Addressing critical challenges and charting a path forward. 加速证据生成:应对关键挑战,规划前进道路。
IF 2.1 Q3 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-10-31 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2024.621
Jeeyon G Rim, Jennifer G Jackman, Christoph P Hornik, Joni L Rutter, Haider Warraich, Janet Wittes, Lee Fleisher, Brian S Anderson, Ester Krofah, Elizabeth Kinter, Trevan Locke, Lindsay Kehoe, Ali Abbasi, Hilary Marston, Ann Meeker-O'Connell, Wendy Weber, Tracy Wang, Adrian F Hernandez, Martin Landray, Scott M Palmer

Efficient evidence generation to assess the clinical and economic impact of medical therapies is critical amid rising healthcare costs and aging populations. However, drug development and clinical trials remain far too expensive and inefficient for all stakeholders. On October 25-26, 2023, the Duke Clinical Research Institute brought together leaders from academia, industry, government agencies, patient advocacy, and nonprofit organizations to explore how different entities and influencers in drug development and healthcare can realign incentive structures to efficiently accelerate evidence generation that addresses the highest public health needs. Prominent themes surfaced, including competing research priorities and incentives, inadequate representation of patient population in clinical trials, opportunities to better leverage existing technology and infrastructure in trial design, and a need for heightened transparency and accountability in research practices. The group determined that together these elements contribute to an inefficient and costly clinical research enterprise, amplifying disparities in population health and sustaining gaps in evidence that impede advancements in equitable healthcare delivery and outcomes. The goal of addressing the identified challenges is to ultimately make clinical trials faster, more inclusive, and more efficient across diverse communities and settings.

在医疗成本上升和人口老龄化的背景下,有效的证据生成以评估医疗疗法的临床和经济影响至关重要。然而,对于所有利益相关者来说,药物开发和临床试验仍然过于昂贵和低效。2023年10月25日至26日,杜克临床研究所(Duke Clinical Research Institute)汇集了来自学术界、工业界、政府机构、患者倡导和非营利组织的领导人,探讨药物开发和医疗保健领域的不同实体和影响者如何重新调整激励结构,以有效地加速证据生成,从而满足最高的公共卫生需求。突出的主题浮出水面,包括相互竞争的研究重点和激励措施,临床试验中患者群体的代表性不足,在试验设计中更好地利用现有技术和基础设施的机会,以及在研究实践中提高透明度和问责制的必要性。该小组认为,这些因素加在一起,导致临床研究工作效率低下、成本高昂,扩大了人口健康方面的差距,并在证据方面持续存在差距,阻碍了公平医疗服务和结果的进步。解决已确定的挑战的目标是最终使临床试验在不同社区和环境中更快、更具包容性和更有效。
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引用次数: 0
Race, ethnicity, and considerations for data collection and analysis in research studies. 种族,民族,以及研究中数据收集和分析的考虑。
IF 2.1 Q3 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-10-29 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2024.632
Sima Sharghi, Shokoufeh Khalatbari, Amy Laird, Jodi Lapidus, Felicity T Enders, Jareen Meinzen-Derr, Amanda L Tapia, Jody D Ciolino

Research studies involving human subjects require collection of and reporting on demographic data related to race and ethnicity. However, existing practices lack standardized guidelines, leading to misrepresentation and biased inferences and conclusions for underrepresented populations in research studies. For instance, sometimes there is a misconception that self-reported racial or ethnic identity may be treated as a biological variable with underlying genetic implications, overlooking its role as a social construct reflecting lived experiences of specific populations. In this manuscript, we use the We All Count data equity framework, which organizes data projects across seven stages: Funding, Motivation, Project Design, Data Collection, Analysis, Reporting, and Communication. Focusing on data collection and analysis, we use examples - both real and hypothetical - to review common practice and provide critiques and alternative recommendations. Through these examples and recommendations, we hope to provide the reader with some ideas and a starting point as they consider embedding a lens of justice, equity, diversity, and inclusivity from research conception to dissemination of findings.

涉及人类受试者的研究需要收集和报告与种族和民族有关的人口统计数据。然而,现有的实践缺乏标准化的指导方针,导致在研究中对代表性不足的人群进行错误的陈述和有偏见的推断和结论。例如,有时存在一种误解,认为自我报告的种族或族裔身份可能被视为具有潜在遗传影响的生物学变量,而忽视了其作为反映特定人群生活经历的社会结构的作用。在本文中,我们使用“我们都很重要”数据公平框架,该框架将数据项目分为七个阶段:资助、激励、项目设计、数据收集、分析、报告和沟通。我们以数据收集和分析为重点,使用真实和假设的例子来回顾常见的做法,并提供批评和替代建议。通过这些例子和建议,我们希望为读者提供一些想法和起点,因为他们考虑从研究概念到发现的传播嵌入正义,公平,多样性和包容性的镜头。
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引用次数: 0
A pilot community-based Diabetes Prevention and Management Program for adults with diabetes and prediabetes. 一个以社区为基础的糖尿病预防和管理试点项目,针对患有糖尿病和前驱糖尿病的成年人。
IF 2.1 Q3 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-10-29 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2024.623
Ranjita Misra, Samantha Shawley-Brzoska

Background: West Virginia is a rural state with high rates of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and prediabetes. The Diabetes Prevention and Management (DPM) program was a health coach (HC)-led, 12-month community-based lifestyle intervention.

Objective: The study examined the impact of the DPM program on changes in glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C) and weight over twelve months among rural adults with diabetes and prediabetes. Program feasibility and acceptability were also explored.

Methods: An explanatory sequential quantitative and qualitative one-group study design was used to gain insight into the pre- and 12-month changes to health behavior and clinical outcomes. Trained HCs delivered the educational sessions and provided weekly health coaching feedback. Assessments included demographics, clinical, anthropometric, and qualitative focus groups. Participants included 94 obese adults with diabetes (63%) and prediabetes (37%). Twenty-two participated in three focus groups.

Results: Average attendance was 13.7 ± 6.1 out of 22 sessions. Mean weight loss was 4.4 ± 11.5 lbs at twelve months and clinical improvement in A1C (0.4%) was noted among T2DM adults. Program retention (82%) was higher among older participants and those with poor glycemic control. While all participants connected to a trained HC, only 72% had regular weekly health coaching. Participants reported overall acceptability and satisfaction with the program and limited barriers to program engagement.

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that it is feasible to implement an HC-led DPM program in rural communities and improve A1C in T2DM adults. Trained HCs have the potential to be integrated with healthcare teams in rural regions of the United States.

背景:西弗吉尼亚州是一个农村州,2 型糖尿病 (T2DM) 和糖尿病前期发病率很高。糖尿病预防与管理(DPM)计划是一项由健康指导员(HC)领导的、为期 12 个月的社区生活方式干预计划:该研究考察了 DPM 计划对农村成年糖尿病患者和糖尿病前期患者 12 个月内糖化血红蛋白 (A1C) 和体重变化的影响。研究还探讨了该计划的可行性和可接受性:方法:采用解释性顺序定量和定性单组研究设计,深入了解健康行为和临床结果在 12 个月前和 12 个月后的变化。接受过培训的保健医生讲授教育课程,并每周提供健康指导反馈。评估包括人口统计学、临床、人体测量和定性焦点小组。参与者包括 94 名患有糖尿病(63%)和糖尿病前期(37%)的肥胖成人。22人参加了三个焦点小组:结果:22 个疗程的平均出勤率为 13.7 ± 6.1。十二个月后,平均体重减轻 4.4±11.5 磅,T2DM 成人的 A1C 临床改善率(0.4%)显著提高。在年龄较大和血糖控制不佳的参与者中,项目保持率(82%)较高。虽然所有参与者都与受过培训的健康指导员建立了联系,但只有 72% 的人每周定期接受健康指导。参与者对计划的总体接受度和满意度较高,参与计划的障碍有限:我们的研究结果表明,在农村社区实施由保健医生主导的 DPM 计划并改善 T2DM 成人的 A1C 是可行的。经过培训的保健医生有可能与美国农村地区的医疗团队相结合。
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引用次数: 0
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