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230 Assessing the Role of Youth Sports in Diabetes Prevention and Perceived Discrimination 230 评估青少年体育在糖尿病预防中的作用和感知到的歧视
IF 2.6 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-03 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2024.212
Leesi George-Komi, Leah Robinson
OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Our study aims to 1) examine the link between engagement in CLR Academy and youth diabetes risk factors—physical activity, nutrition, mental health, and weight status; 2) examine CLR’s role in moderating the relationship between perceived discrimination and these risk factors. Includes a program evaluation of CLR & interviews of members. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Youth-onset diabetes is rising in American minority communities. Youth sports programs like the Community Leadership Revolution (CLR) Academy in Washtenaw County, MI are emerging responses to this issue. CLR targets diabetes risk factors through team sports by promoting mindfulness and healthy habits. Employing a mixed-methods, pretest-posttest approach, our study focuses on how the frequency of engagement in CLR impacts CLR’s effect on youth’s diabetes risk factors. Considering the discrimination minority youth experience, we also aim to see if CLR potentially buffers the impact of perceived discrimination on diabetes risk factors. A posttest program evaluation of CLR will also include semi-structured interviews with CLR staff and participants. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: There is potential that youth with high engagement in CLR Academy may see enhanced benefits in managing diabetes risk factors compared to less active participants. This may be particularly true for youth experiencing high perceived discrimination, with potential marked improvements in mental health, like reduced anxiety and depression. Additionally, through a program evaluation and semi-structured interviews, our study aims to uncover the factors contributing to CLR’s success as a community-led intervention while also identifying areas for enhancement. Post-study, CLR will receive financial support to integrate these insights into their program, furthering their effectiveness in youth diabetes prevention and overall well-being. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: This study may provide significant insights into the relationship between sports participation, diabetes risk factors, and perceived discrimination. The findings could help CLR improve its program and guide more effective diabetes prevention strategies in minority youth through other youth sports programs.
目的/目标:我们的研究旨在:1)研究参与 CLR 学院与青少年糖尿病风险因素(体育活动、营养、心理健康和体重状况)之间的联系;2)研究 CLR 在调节感知到的歧视与这些风险因素之间的关系方面所起的作用。包括对 CLR & 的计划评估;对成员的访谈。方法/研究对象:在美国少数民族社区,青少年糖尿病发病率正在上升。密歇根州沃什特瑙县的 "社区领导革命(CLR)学院 "等青年体育项目是应对这一问题的新兴措施。社区领袖革命学院通过团队运动来促进心智和健康习惯的养成,从而消除糖尿病风险因素。我们的研究采用混合方法、前测-后测方法,重点研究参与 CLR 的频率如何影响 CLR 对青少年糖尿病风险因素的影响。考虑到少数族裔青少年受到的歧视,我们还希望了解社区康复是否有可能缓冲感知到的歧视对糖尿病风险因素的影响。对 CLR 的测试后项目评估还将包括对 CLR 工作人员和参与者进行半结构化访谈。结果/预期结果:与不太积极的参与者相比,参与 "CLR 学院 "活动较多的青少年有可能在控制糖尿病风险因素方面获得更多益处。这一点对于遭受严重歧视的青少年尤为明显,他们的心理健康可能会得到明显改善,如焦虑和抑郁情绪有所减轻。此外,通过项目评估和半结构式访谈,我们的研究旨在揭示 CLR 作为社区主导的干预措施取得成功的因素,同时确定需要改进的地方。研究结束后,CLR 将获得财政支持,以将这些见解融入其计划中,进一步提高其在预防青少年糖尿病和整体健康方面的有效性。讨论/意义:本研究可为体育参与、糖尿病风险因素和感知到的歧视之间的关系提供重要见解。研究结果可帮助 CLR 改进其计划,并通过其他青少年体育计划指导少数民族青少年采取更有效的糖尿病预防策略。
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引用次数: 0
362 Examining Temporal Links Between Distinct Negative Emotions and Tobacco Lapse During A Cessation Attempt 362 在尝试戒烟过程中,研究不同负面情绪与烟瘾发作之间的时间联系
IF 2.6 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-03 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2024.321
Dusti Jones, Lindsey N. Potter, Cho Y. Lam, David W. Wetter
OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Negative emotions (NE) play a pivotal role in addiction-related processes, including tobacco lapse during a quit attempt. Some NEs (e.g., shame, guilt) are posited to lead to a spiraling effect, whereby lapse predicts increased NEs leading to further lapse. This study goal is to examine associations between NEs and lapse. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: This study examined associations between tobacco lapse and 13 distinct NEs among people who use tobacco and are trying to quit in two tobacco cessation studies. In Study 1, 220 adult (ages 18-74) cigarette users who identified as Black (50% female) participated in a 14-day study where ecological momentary assessment (with assessments approximately every 4 hours) was used to assess emotions and lapse in real-time and real-world settings. In Study 2, 288 adult (ages 18-71) cigarette users who were low socioeconomic status (51% White, 14% Black, 10% Hispanic, 49% female) participated in a 14-day study with the same study protocol as Study 1. Between and lagged within-person associations testing links between distinct NEs and lapse were examined with multilevel modeling with logistic links for binary outcomes. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Results from Study 1 suggested that at the between-person level, disgust (OR =1.22, CI: 1.05, 1.42), nervousness (OR=1.23, CI:1.05,1.43), guilt (OR=1.40, CI: 1.16,1.69), and sadness (OR=1.18, CI:1.02,1.36) were predictive of higher odds of lapse, and at the within-person level, shame (OR=1.23, CI:1.04,1.45) was associated with higher odds of lapse. Results from Study 2 were similar and suggested that at the between-person level, disgust (OR=1.35, CI: 1.16, 1.56) and guilt (OR=1.88, CI:1.07,3.30), and at the within-person level, shame (OR =1.31, CI:1.10,1.55), were associated with higher odds of lapse. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: The present study uses real-time, real-world data to demonstrate the role of distinct NEs on momentary tobacco lapse and helps elucidate specific NE that hinder the ability to abstain from tobacco use during a quit attempt. Results suggest that disgust, guilt, and shame play consistent roles in predicting lapse among diverse samples of tobacco users.
目的/目标:负面情绪(NE)在成瘾相关过程中起着关键作用,包括戒烟尝试中的失误。一些消极情绪(如羞耻感、负罪感)被认为会导致一种螺旋效应,即戒烟失败预示着消极情绪的增加,从而导致进一步的戒烟失败。本研究旨在探讨 NEs 与戒烟失败之间的关联。方法/研究人群:本研究在两项戒烟研究中考察了烟草失效与试图戒烟的烟草使用者中13种不同NE之间的关系。在研究 1 中,220 名自认为是黑人的成年(18-74 岁)吸烟者(50% 为女性)参加了为期 14 天的研究,该研究采用生态瞬间评估(大约每 4 小时评估一次)来评估实时和真实世界环境中的情绪和失效情况。在研究 2 中,288 名社会经济地位较低的成年(18-71 岁)烟民(51% 白人、14% 黑人、10% 西班牙人、49% 女性)参加了为期 14 天的研究,研究方案与研究 1 相同。通过二元结果的逻辑关联多层次建模,检验了不同NE与失效之间的人际关联和滞后人内关联。结果/预期结果:研究 1 的结果表明,在人与人之间,厌恶(OR =1.22,CI:1.05, 1.42)、紧张(OR=1.23,CI:1.05,1.43)、内疚(OR=1.40,CI:1.在个人层面上,羞耻感(OR=1.23,CI:1.04,1.45)与较高的失眠几率相关。研究 2 的结果与此类似,表明在人与人之间,厌恶感(OR=1.35,CI:1.16,1.56)和内疚感(OR=1.88,CI:1.07,3.30)以及在人与人之间,羞耻感(OR=1.31,CI:1.10,1.55)与较高的失恋几率相关。讨论/意义:本研究利用真实世界的实时数据证明了不同的NE对瞬间烟草失效的作用,并有助于阐明在戒烟尝试中阻碍戒烟能力的特定NE。研究结果表明,在不同的烟草使用者样本中,厌恶、负罪感和羞耻感在预测失效方面发挥着一致的作用。
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引用次数: 0
524 Navigator: Providing a foundation for cross team collaboration and custom research service through the CTSA Hub 524 导航器:通过 CTSA Hub 为跨团队合作和定制研究服务奠定基础
IF 2.6 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-03 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2024.446
Kitt Swartz, Matt Honoré, Kimberly Cook, Heidi Funderburgh, Cynthia Morris, David Ellison
OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute (OCTRI) Clinical Research Navigator program provides a single point of entry for clinical and translational research services, support, advice and guidance. We provide data to illustrate the Navigator model at OHSU and examine continued opportunities to optimize research resources. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Requests and activities performed by the OCTRI Navigator program, staffed by 3 FTE (2 Assistant Navigators and 1 Assistant Director) were analyzed. Navigator receives requests through multiple methods: a digital form (REDCap®), email, phone calls. Requests for services and support include focused need for a core or a broad request for multiple services for start-up: informatics, the clinical and translational research center, regulatory knowledge and support, recruitment, qualitative methods, community research, biostatistics or broad consultations. Requests are tracked in SPARCRequest. Navigator also supports wayfinding to institutional resources outside of the CTSA, matchmaking for sponsors seeking investigators, and serves as a connector and facilitator across programs. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: OCTRI Clinical Research Navigator triaged an average of 964 research requests for 613 projects with 388 unique investigators annually between 2018-2022. Navigator also fields more than 80 calls each year that are unrelated to CTSA projects. Project requests are examined to illustrate trends in projects requesting multiple services and display how Navigator simplifies project intake and connects researchers to resources they may have not recognized they needed. Project attributes including funding type and funding status are included in this review. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: CTSA resources are essential to the infrastructure available to researchers. While absolute numbers of requests provide little insight into the impact each CTSA hub may have, the timing and clustering trends of projects with multiple program requests shows how a combination of technology and experienced staff can efficiently support researchers.
目标/目的:俄勒冈州临床与转化研究所(Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute,OCTRI)的临床研究导航计划为临床与转化研究服务、支持、建议和指导提供了一个单一的切入点。我们提供数据来说明俄勒冈州立卫生大学的导航员模式,并研究优化研究资源的持续机会。方法/研究对象:我们分析了由 3 名全职员工(2 名助理导航员和 1 名助理主任)组成的 OCTRI 导航计划提出的请求和开展的活动。导航员通过多种方式接收请求:数字表格 (REDCap®)、电子邮件和电话。对服务和支持的请求包括对核心服务的重点需求或对多种服务的广泛请求,如信息学、临床和转化研究中心、监管知识和支持、招聘、定性方法、社区研究、生物统计或广泛咨询。请求在 SPARCRequest 中进行跟踪。导航仪还支持为 CTSA 以外的机构资源寻路,为寻找研究人员的赞助商牵线搭桥,并充当跨项目的连接器和促进者。结果/预期结果:2018-2022 年间,OCTRI 临床研究导航员平均每年为 613 个项目的 388 名研究者分流 964 份研究请求。导航员每年还接到 80 多个与 CTSA 项目无关的电话。对项目请求进行审查,以说明请求多种服务的项目趋势,并展示 Navigator 如何简化项目受理,以及如何将研究人员与他们可能没有意识到的所需资源联系起来。项目属性包括资金类型和资金状态。讨论/意义:CTSA 资源对研究人员可用的基础设施至关重要。虽然申请的绝对数量无法让人深入了解每个 CTSA 中心可能产生的影响,但具有多个计划申请的项目的时间和集群趋势表明,技术与经验丰富的员工相结合可以有效地为研究人员提供支持。
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引用次数: 0
108 Experiences of benevolent sexism and the well-being of Latinx women: The moderating role of sexist attitudes 108 仁慈的性别歧视经历与拉丁裔妇女的福祉:性别歧视态度的调节作用
IF 2.6 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-03 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2024.106
Erick Herrera Hernandez, Debra Oswald
OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Sexism harms women’s well-being, affecting life satisfaction and self-doubt in complex ways (Shattell etal., 2008; Oswald etal., 2018). This study examines how hostile and benevolent sexist attitudes moderates the link between experiences of benevolent sexism, self-doubt, and life satisfaction in Latinx women. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Participants included 57 English-speaking Latinx women residing in the United States, with a mean age of 31.89 (SD=10.14) years. The majority (61.4%, n=35) identified as Mexican, and most identified as second generation or later (80.7%, n=46). Participants completed surveys assessing hostile and benevolent sexist attitudes (Glick & Fiske, 1996), self-doubt (Oleson etal., 2000), life satisfaction (Diener etal., 1985), and experiences with three aspects of benevolent sexism – protective paternalism (PP), heterosexual intimacy (HI), and complimentary gender differentiation (CGD) (Oswald etal., 2018). RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Moderation analyses were conducted to examine the moderating role of hostile and benevolent sexist attitudes between experiences of benevolent sexism (PP, HI, & CGD) and well-being measures (self-doubt and life satisfaction). An example finding revealed a significant interaction effect between benevolent sexist attitudes and experiences with CGD on satisfaction with lifeF(1,53)=8.34,p<.01. For participants who endorsed high benevolent sexist attitudes, experiences with CGD was associated with increased satisfaction with life (b=.78, p<.001), while the effect of experiences with CGD on life satisfaction was attenuated for those who endorsed low benevolent sexist attitudes (b=.30, p<.05). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: These findings have important implications on the well-being of Latinx women as they indicate that those who reject sexist attitudes risk their well-being when confronted with benevolent sexism, unlike those who endorse to such beliefs, potentially gaining increased life satisfaction at the cost of embracing benevolent sexist behavior.
目的/目标:性别歧视会损害女性的福祉,以复杂的方式影响生活满意度和自我怀疑(Shattell etal.,2008;Oswald etal.,2018)。本研究探讨了敌意和善意的性别歧视态度如何调节拉丁裔女性的善意性别歧视经历、自我怀疑和生活满意度之间的联系。方法/研究对象:研究对象包括 57 名居住在美国的讲英语的拉丁裔女性,平均年龄为 31.89 岁(SD=10.14)。大多数人(61.4%,人数=35)被认定为墨西哥人,大多数人被认定为第二代或第二代以后(80.7%,人数=46)。参与者完成了评估敌意和善意性别歧视态度(Glick & Fiske, 1996)、自我怀疑(Oleson etal. 2000)、生活满意度(Diener etal. 1985)以及善意性别歧视三个方面的经历的调查问卷--保护性家长主义(PP)、异性亲密关系(HI)和免费性别分化(CGD)(Oswald etal.)结果/预期结果:研究人员进行了调节分析,以考察敌意和善意性别歧视态度在善意性别歧视体验(PP、HI、&;CGD)与幸福感测量(自我怀疑和生活满意度)之间的调节作用。研究发现,仁慈的性别歧视态度与 CGD 对生活满意度的影响之间存在明显的交互作用F(1,53)=8.34,p<.01。对于认可高仁慈性别歧视态度的参与者来说,CGD 经历与生活满意度的提高相关(b=.78, p<.001),而对于认可低仁慈性别歧视态度的参与者来说,CGD 经历对生活满意度的影响减弱(b=.30, p<.05)。讨论/意义:这些发现对拉美裔女性的幸福感具有重要影响,因为它们表明,那些拒绝性别歧视态度的人在面对善意的性别歧视时会冒着幸福感受损的风险,而那些赞同此类信念的人则不同,她们可能会以接受善意的性别歧视行为为代价来获得更高的生活满意度。
{"title":"108 Experiences of benevolent sexism and the well-being of Latinx women: The moderating role of sexist attitudes","authors":"Erick Herrera Hernandez, Debra Oswald","doi":"10.1017/cts.2024.106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cts.2024.106","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Sexism harms women’s well-being, affecting life satisfaction and self-doubt in complex ways (Shattell etal., 2008; Oswald etal., 2018). This study examines how hostile and benevolent sexist attitudes moderates the link between experiences of benevolent sexism, self-doubt, and life satisfaction in Latinx women. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Participants included 57 English-speaking Latinx women residing in the United States, with a mean age of 31.89 (SD=10.14) years. The majority (61.4%, n=35) identified as Mexican, and most identified as second generation or later (80.7%, n=46). Participants completed surveys assessing hostile and benevolent sexist attitudes (Glick &amp; Fiske, 1996), self-doubt (Oleson etal., 2000), life satisfaction (Diener etal., 1985), and experiences with three aspects of benevolent sexism – protective paternalism (PP), heterosexual intimacy (HI), and complimentary gender differentiation (CGD) (Oswald etal., 2018). RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Moderation analyses were conducted to examine the moderating role of hostile and benevolent sexist attitudes between experiences of benevolent sexism (PP, HI, &amp; CGD) and well-being measures (self-doubt and life satisfaction). An example finding revealed a significant interaction effect between benevolent sexist attitudes and experiences with CGD on satisfaction with lifeF(1,53)=8.34,p&lt;.01. For participants who endorsed high benevolent sexist attitudes, experiences with CGD was associated with increased satisfaction with life (b=.78, p&lt;.001), while the effect of experiences with CGD on life satisfaction was attenuated for those who endorsed low benevolent sexist attitudes (b=.30, p&lt;.05). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: These findings have important implications on the well-being of Latinx women as they indicate that those who reject sexist attitudes risk their well-being when confronted with benevolent sexism, unlike those who endorse to such beliefs, potentially gaining increased life satisfaction at the cost of embracing benevolent sexist behavior.","PeriodicalId":15529,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical and Translational Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140581218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
453 Ketamine Promotes Sustained Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels in the Corticoaccumbens Circuit 453 氯胺酮促进皮质丘脑回路中脑源性神经营养因子水平的持续提高
IF 2.6 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-03 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2024.387
Holly L. Chapman, Noelle C. Anastasio
OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Neuropsychiatric disorders classified as synaptopathies are marked by a glutamate-associated hypofrontality which impacts decision making and impulsivity. We hypothesized that behavioral efficacy of the psychoplastogen ketamine is mediated in part through lasting promotion of markers of synaptic strength in corticoaccumbens circuit. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Male, Sprague-Dawley rats received an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of saline, single ketamine (10 mg/kg; 1x/day), or repeated ketamine (10 mg/kg; 1x/day for three days). Twenty-four hrs following the dosing regimen, animals were euthanized, and brains dissected to harvest corticoaccumbens structures including the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the nucleus accumbens (NAc). mRNA was extracted and converted to cDNA. Levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) exon II mRNA were quantified using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR); cyclophilin A (PPIA) was used as a loading control. Gene expression differences in ketamine-treated rats were identified versus saline-treated rats. BDNF protein levels were quantified using capillary-electrophoresis immunoblotting. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Repeated, but not single, ketamine administration decreased mPFC, but increased NAc, BDNF exon II mRNA levels versus saline (p<0.05). Single and repeated ketamine administration increased NAC BDNF protein (p<0.05), while both dosing paradigms induced a trend towards an increase in mPFC BDNF levels. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: We discovered a dosing regimen-dependent and sustained effects of ketamine administration on BDNF levels in the rodent brain. Taken together, ketamine-mediated BDNF levels may sustain synaptic strengthening mechanisms supporting future investigation into the utility of ketamine for diseases characterized by synaptopathies.
目的/目标:被归类为突触病的神经精神疾病的特征是与谷氨酸相关的前额叶功能减退,这会影响决策和冲动。我们假设,精神活性物质氯胺酮的行为疗效部分是通过持久促进皮质-丘脑回路中的突触强度标记物来介导的。方法/研究对象:雄性 Sprague-Dawley 大鼠腹腔注射生理盐水、单次氯胺酮(10 毫克/千克;1 次/天)或重复氯胺酮(10 毫克/千克;1 次/天,连续三天)。用药 24 小时后,动物被安乐死,并剖开大脑以获取包括内侧前额叶皮层(mPFC)和伏隔核(NAc)在内的皮质-伏隔核结构,提取 mRNA 并将其转化为 cDNA。使用逆转录酶聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)对脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)外显子 II mRNA 的水平进行定量;环嗜蛋白 A(PPIA)用作负载对照。确定氯胺酮处理大鼠与生理盐水处理大鼠的基因表达差异。使用毛细管电泳免疫印迹法量化 BDNF 蛋白水平。结果/提示性结果:与生理盐水相比,重复而非单次氯胺酮给药会降低 mPFC 的 BDNF 外显子 II mRNA 水平,但会增加 NAc 的 BDNF 外显子 II mRNA 水平(p<0.05)。单次和多次氯胺酮给药会增加 NAC BDNF 蛋白(p<0.05),而两种给药模式都会导致 mPFC BDNF 水平呈上升趋势。讨论/意义:我们发现氯胺酮给药对啮齿动物大脑中的 BDNF 水平具有剂量依赖性和持续影响。综上所述,氯胺酮介导的BDNF水平可能会维持突触强化机制,这为今后研究氯胺酮治疗突触病变疾病提供了支持。
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引用次数: 0
85 Investigations of Clinical and Translational Science Roadblocks: a Survey of a Private Medical School and a Large Public University 85 临床和转化科学路障调查:对一所私立医学院和一所大型公立大学的调查
IF 2.6 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-03 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2024.85
Katherine H. Sippel, Fasiha Kanwal, Christopher I. Amos, Gloria Liao, Dakai Zhu, Charles Minard, Claudia Neuhauser, Mary Dickinson, Bettina M. Beech

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Clinical and translational science needs to address roadblocks to translational processes. We conducted a survey at two institutions, a private medical school and a large public university, to understand the frequency and distribution of barriers and roadblocks to research. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We reviewed the literature to compile a pool of barriers and roadblocks and convened a panel of relevant stakeholders to develop a 20-item questionnaire. Survey respondents were asked to select and prioritize the five leading clinical and translational roadblocks, provide information regarding their academic degrees and rank/position, complete open-ended items regarding their areas of research, and optionally add additional remarks in a comment box. The survey was disseminated in August 2022 via REDCap to faculty and staff with active research protocols at Baylor College of Medicine and the University of Houston. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: In total, 227 respondents completed the survey. Their disciplines were basic science (29.5%), translational research (52.9%), clinical research (55.5%), community-engaged research (9.7%), and educational research (9.7%). Respondents identified 1) lack of access to trained research coordinators, 2) lack of understanding about different resources that facilitate research, 3) complex regulatory environment and delays, 4) fragmented infrastructure for administrative and fiscal processes, and 5) inadequate funding for pilot projects to foster new research. Other roadblocks included lack of established community stakeholder partnerships, inadequate access to medical record data, and limited biostatistical support. In the comments, several respondents noted that all items included were important. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Research workforce recruitment/training was the highest priority followed by lack of access to information and administrative bottlenecks. We are building an online portal to increase awareness and simplify access to competency-based training and research services. Initiatives are underway to address other roadblocks.

目标/目的:临床和转化科学需要解决转化过程中的路障问题。我们在两所院校(一所私立医学院和一所大型公立大学)开展了一项调查,以了解研究障碍和路障的频率和分布情况。方法/研究对象:我们查阅了相关文献,汇编了一系列障碍和路障,并召集了一个由相关利益方组成的小组,制定了一份包含 20 个项目的调查问卷。我们要求调查对象选择五大临床和转化障碍并排列优先顺序,提供有关其学术学位和职级/职位的信息,完成有关其研究领域的开放式项目,并可选择在评论框中添加其他备注。该调查于 2022 年 8 月通过 REDCap 发送给贝勒医学院和休斯顿大学正在开展研究方案的教职员工。结果/预期结果:共有 227 名受访者完成了调查。他们的学科包括基础科学(29.5%)、转化研究(52.9%)、临床研究(55.5%)、社区参与研究(9.7%)和教育研究(9.7%)。受访者指出:1)缺乏训练有素的研究协调员;2)缺乏对促进研究的各种资源的了解;3)复杂的监管环境和延误;4)行政和财务流程基础设施分散;5)促进新研究的试点项目资金不足。其他障碍包括缺乏已建立的社区利益相关者伙伴关系、无法充分获取医疗记录数据以及生物统计支持有限。一些受访者在评论中指出,所有项目都很重要。讨论/意义:研究人员招聘/培训是最优先考虑的问题,其次是缺乏信息获取途径和行政瓶颈。我们正在建立一个在线门户网站,以提高人们对基于能力的培训和研究服务的认识,并简化获取途径。解决其他障碍的举措也在进行之中。
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引用次数: 0
487 Digital Spatial Profiling of Allograft Loss in Kidney Biopsies with Chronic Allograft Dysfunction 487 对慢性异体移植物功能障碍肾活检中的异体移植物损失进行数字空间分析
IF 2.6 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-03 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2024.413
Casey R. Dorr, Weihua Guan W, Guillaume Onyeaghala G, William S Oetting, Roslyn B Mannon, Gaurav Agarwal, Jonathan Maltzman, Arthur Matas, Pamala A Jacobson, Ajay K Israni, for DeKAF Genomics

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Assess molecular and cellular mechanisms of allograft loss in kidney biopsies using digital spatial profiling and clinical outcomes data. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Patients with chronic allograft dysfunction (CGD), enrolled in the Deterioration of Kidney Allograft Function (DeKAF) study, with or without eventual allograft loss, were included. CGD was defined as a >25% increase in creatinine over 3 months relative to a baseline. Kidney biopsy tissue was assessed by Nanostring GeoMX digital spatial profiling (DSP) after staining with anti-pan-cytokeratin, anti-CD45, anti-CD68, Syto-13, to identify specific cell populations, and Nanostring’s Whole Transcriptome Atlas (WTA), to quantify the distribution of transcripts across the biopsy. Up to 14 regions of interest (ROIs) were selected, with or without glomerulus. CIBERSORT was used to perform cell deconvolution. Clinical and outcomes data were from the DeKAF study and United States Renal Data System. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Macrophage (M1) cell population abundance was significantly different in ROIs with glomerulus between graft loss and no graft loss. Principle component analysis of differentially expressed genes resulted in transcriptomes in ROIs that cluster together by clinical outcome of graft loss or no graft loss. There were 203 DEGs in ROIs with glomerulus that were different by graft loss or no graft loss. By pathway analysis, these 203 DEGS were enriched in the T-cell activation, integrin signaling and inflammation pathways. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: DSP of kidney allograft biopsies allows for the identification and quantification of specific cell types, such as macrophages and molecular transcripts as potential drug targets. This data can be used to understand mechanisms of kidney allograft loss and may lead to improved immune suppression in kidney transplant recipients.

目的/目标:利用数字空间图谱和临床结果数据评估肾活检中异体移植物损失的分子和细胞机制。方法/研究对象:纳入慢性同种异体移植功能障碍(CGD)患者,这些患者参加了肾脏同种异体移植功能恶化(DeKAF)研究,无论最终是否出现同种异体移植损失。CGD的定义是3个月内肌酐相对于基线上升25%。肾活检组织经抗泛角蛋白、抗CD45、抗CD68和Syto-13染色后,用Nanostring GeoMX数字空间图谱(DSP)进行评估,以确定特定的细胞群,并用Nanostring的全转录组图谱(WTA)量化活检组织中的转录本分布。在有或没有肾小球的情况下,最多可选择 14 个感兴趣区(ROI)。CIBERSORT用于进行细胞去卷积。临床和结果数据来自 DeKAF 研究和美国肾脏数据系统。结果/预期结果:在有肾小球的 ROI 中,巨噬细胞(M1)群的丰度在移植物丢失和无移植物丢失之间存在显著差异。对差异表达基因进行主成分分析后发现,ROI 中的转录组按照移植物缺失或无移植物缺失的临床结果聚类在一起。在有肾小球的 ROI 中,有 203 个 DEGs 因移植物缺失或无移植物缺失而不同。通过通路分析,这203个DEGS富集在T细胞活化、整合素信号转导和炎症通路中。讨论/意义:肾脏移植活组织的 DSP 可以识别和量化特定的细胞类型,如巨噬细胞和作为潜在药物靶点的分子转录本。这些数据可用于了解肾脏异体移植损失的机制,并可改善肾移植受者的免疫抑制。
{"title":"487 Digital Spatial Profiling of Allograft Loss in Kidney Biopsies with Chronic Allograft Dysfunction","authors":"Casey R. Dorr, Weihua Guan W, Guillaume Onyeaghala G, William S Oetting, Roslyn B Mannon, Gaurav Agarwal, Jonathan Maltzman, Arthur Matas, Pamala A Jacobson, Ajay K Israni, for DeKAF Genomics","doi":"10.1017/cts.2024.413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cts.2024.413","url":null,"abstract":"<p>OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Assess molecular and cellular mechanisms of allograft loss in kidney biopsies using digital spatial profiling and clinical outcomes data. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Patients with chronic allograft dysfunction (CGD), enrolled in the Deterioration of Kidney Allograft Function (DeKAF) study, with or without eventual allograft loss, were included. CGD was defined as a &gt;25% increase in creatinine over 3 months relative to a baseline. Kidney biopsy tissue was assessed by Nanostring GeoMX digital spatial profiling (DSP) after staining with anti-pan-cytokeratin, anti-CD45, anti-CD68, Syto-13, to identify specific cell populations, and Nanostring’s Whole Transcriptome Atlas (WTA), to quantify the distribution of transcripts across the biopsy. Up to 14 regions of interest (ROIs) were selected, with or without glomerulus. CIBERSORT was used to perform cell deconvolution. Clinical and outcomes data were from the DeKAF study and United States Renal Data System. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Macrophage (M1) cell population abundance was significantly different in ROIs with glomerulus between graft loss and no graft loss. Principle component analysis of differentially expressed genes resulted in transcriptomes in ROIs that cluster together by clinical outcome of graft loss or no graft loss. There were 203 DEGs in ROIs with glomerulus that were different by graft loss or no graft loss. By pathway analysis, these 203 DEGS were enriched in the T-cell activation, integrin signaling and inflammation pathways. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: DSP of kidney allograft biopsies allows for the identification and quantification of specific cell types, such as macrophages and molecular transcripts as potential drug targets. This data can be used to understand mechanisms of kidney allograft loss and may lead to improved immune suppression in kidney transplant recipients.</p>","PeriodicalId":15529,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical and Translational Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140581196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
20 Characteristics of Medicare patients receiving peripheral vascular interventions for peripheral artery disease differ by outpatient site of service 20 因外周动脉疾病而接受外周血管介入治疗的医疗保险患者的特征因门诊服务地点而异
IF 2.6 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-03 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2024.39
Terrence Tsou, Chen Dun, Caitlin Hicks
OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Endovascular peripheral vascular interventions (PVIs) are increasingly utilized for the treatment of peripheral artery disease (PAD). We aimed to assess characteristics of patients receiving PVI at ambulatory surgical centers and office-based labs (ASC/OBL) versus the outpatient hospital (hospital) site of service. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We performed a retrospective analysis using 100% Medicare fee-for-service claims data between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2022. We used Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes to identify patients undergoing angioplasty, stenting, or atherectomy. Patient demographics were collected from the Medicare Master Beneficiary Summary File and associated comorbidities and PVI indications were identified using International Classification of Disease (ICD)-10 codes. We used patient ZIP codes to determine patients’ residence densities and regions. We used site of service codes to determine whether PVI were performed in the ASC/OBL versus hospital. Results were analyzed with descriptive statistics. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Of 817,241 patients undergoing PVI for PAD, 461,068 (56.4%) were treated in an ASC/OBL. Compared to patients treated in the hospital, patients receiving PVI at ASC/OBLs were more likely to be older, female, non-white race, with fewer comorbidities (end stage renal disease, diabetes, hypertension, and any history of tobacco use) (all, P<0.001). Patients treated in ASC/OBLs more frequently resided in urban (vs. rural) locations, and in the South and West (both, P<0.001). Indication for PVI was predominately chronic limb-threatening ischemia, and clinically similar between groups (77.1% vs. 76.2%). There was a significant change in site of service over time: a minority (47.6%) of PVIs were performed in the ASC/OBL in 2017, whereas the majority (64.7%) of PVIs were performed in the ASC/OBL in 2022 (P<0.001). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Patients treated in ASC/OBLs were less medically complex compared to those treated in the outpatient hospital setting. Further study is needed to examine whether differences in patient characteristics versus other factors (e.g. reimbursement) are driving the increase in PVIs performed in the ASC/OBL over time.
目的/目标:血管内外周血管介入治疗(PVI)越来越多地被用于治疗外周动脉疾病(PAD)。我们旨在评估在非卧床手术中心和办公室实验室(ASC/OBL)与门诊医院(医院)服务场所接受 PVI 患者的特征。方法/研究对象:我们使用 2017 年 1 月 1 日至 2022 年 12 月 31 日期间 100% 的医疗保险付费服务索赔数据进行了回顾性分析。我们使用当前程序术语(CPT)代码来识别接受血管成形术、支架植入术或动脉粥样硬化切除术的患者。患者的人口统计数据来自医疗保险主受益人摘要档案,相关合并症和 PVI 适应症则使用国际疾病分类 (ICD)-10 代码进行识别。我们使用患者的邮政编码来确定患者的居住密度和地区。我们使用服务地点代码来确定 PVI 是在 ASC/OBL 还是在医院进行的。结果采用描述性统计进行分析。结果/预期结果:在 817,241 名接受 PVI 治疗的 PAD 患者中,461,068 人(56.4%)在 ASC/OBL 接受了治疗。与在医院接受治疗的患者相比,在 ASC/OBLs 接受 PVI 治疗的患者更可能是老年人、女性、非白种人、合并症(终末期肾病、糖尿病、高血压和任何吸烟史)较少的患者(所有患者,P<0.001)。在 ASC/OBLs 接受治疗的患者更多居住在城市(相对于农村)、南部和西部(均为 P<0.001)。PVI的适应症主要是危及肢体缺血的慢性肢体缺血,各组之间的临床情况相似(77.1% vs. 76.2%)。随着时间的推移,服务地点发生了重大变化:2017年,少数(47.6%)PVI在ASC/OBL进行,而2022年,大多数(64.7%)PVI在ASC/OBL进行(P<0.001)。讨论/意义:与在医院门诊环境中接受治疗的患者相比,在ASC/OBLs接受治疗的患者医疗复杂程度较低。需要进一步研究患者特征与其他因素(如报销)之间的差异是否会导致在 ASC/OBL 进行的 PVI 随时间推移而增加。
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引用次数: 0
188 DIFFERENTIAL CHANGES IN YOUTH TOBACCO USE BEFORE AND AFTER IMPLEMENTATION OF MASSACHUSETTS’ STATEWIDE FLAVOR RESTRICTION POLICY 188 马萨诸塞州全州限制香精政策实施前后青少年烟草使用的不同变化
IF 2.6 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-03 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2024.179
Jill M. Singer, Megan E. Roberts

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: This study examined youth tobacco use, disaggregated by sexual and gender minority (SGM) identity and race, in Massachusetts before and after the state implemented a flavored tobacco restriction. We assessed if the policy differentially impacted groups that have had higher rates of flavored tobacco use (i.e., SGM and African Americans [AAs]). METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Data for this analysis came from the 2019 and 2021 Massachusetts Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS), a biennial, national survey conducted among high school students, provided by the Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education. Changes in current use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes between 2019 and 2021 were examined for the entire sample and by SGM identity and race/ethnicity. Current cigarette use and current e-cigarette use were defined as reporting any use of the product in the past 30 days. We received confirmation from the IRB that because the data are de-identified and available to the public, this research is considered Not Human Subjects Research. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Between 2019 and 2021, current cigarette use and current e-cigarette use decreased for the entire sample (3.78% to 2.79% and 27.69% to 15.74%, respectively). Decreases were also observed after disaggregating results, but smaller changes were observed among minoritized groups (i.e., SGM and AAs), particularly for e-cigarettes. Current e-cigarette use decreased 25.56% among individuals identifying as SGM (28.14% to 20.95%) compared to a 49.33% decrease among non-SGM individuals (27.63% to 14.0%). Among all races, AAs had the lowest prevalence of current e-cigarette use in 2019 (15.10%), but also saw the lowest percentage decrease (17.68%). Among whites, current e-cigarette use decreased 45.75% from 32.33% in 2019 to 17.54% in 2021. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: After implementation of Massachusetts’ flavored tobacco restriction, current cigarette and e-cigarette use declined among Massachusetts youth overall and among groups that have been most affected by flavored tobacco. However, minoritized groups (i.e., SGMs, AAs) had lower percentage decreases compared to non-minoritized groups.

目的/目标:本研究调查了马萨诸塞州在实施调味烟草限制政策前后,按性与性别少数群体(SGM)身份和种族分列的青少年烟草使用情况。我们评估了该政策是否对口味烟草使用率较高的群体(即 SGM 和非裔美国人 [AAs])产生了不同影响。方法/研究人群:本分析的数据来自 2019 年和 2021 年马萨诸塞州青少年风险行为调查(YRBS),这是一项两年一次的全国性高中生调查,由马萨诸塞州中小学教育部提供。研究了整个样本以及 SGM 身份和种族/族裔在 2019 年和 2021 年之间当前使用香烟和电子烟的变化情况。当前使用香烟和当前使用电子烟的定义是在过去 30 天内报告使用过任何产品。我们得到了 IRB 的确认,由于数据是去标识化的,并向公众开放,因此这项研究被视为非人体研究。结果/预期结果:2019 年至 2021 年期间,整个样本的当前香烟使用率和当前电子烟使用率均有所下降(分别从 3.78% 降至 2.79%,从 27.69% 降至 15.74%)。在对结果进行分类后也观察到了下降,但在少数群体(即 SGM 和 AAs)中观察到的变化较小,尤其是电子烟。目前使用电子烟的 SGM 人减少了 25.56%(从 28.14% 降至 20.95%),而非 SGM 人减少了 49.33%(从 27.63% 降至 14.0%)。在所有种族中,AA 在 2019 年当前使用电子烟的流行率最低(15.10%),但下降的百分比也最低(17.68%)。在白人中,当前使用电子烟的比例从 2019 年的 32.33% 降至 2021 年的 17.54%,降幅为 45.75%。讨论/意义:在马萨诸塞州实施香烟限令后,马萨诸塞州青少年以及受香烟影响最大的群体的当前香烟和电子烟使用率总体下降。然而,与非少数群体相比,少数群体(即 SGMs、AAs)的下降比例较低。
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引用次数: 0
266 “How will I get there” Institutional guidance and support for research-related transportation to engage diverse participants from underrepresented populations 266 "我将如何达到目标" 为与研究相关的交通提供机构指导和支持,以吸引来自代表性不足人群的不同参与者
IF 2.6 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-04-03 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2024.242
Nicholas Prestayko, Aleksandra Zgierska

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Transportation is a barrier to research participation, especially for participants from disadvantaged backgrounds. Our goal was to review existing policies and create recommendations for institutional guidance on research-related transportation to support a long-term birth cohort study. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: To summarize existing institutional policies on research-related transportation (i.e., transportation of participants or research staff travel to/from research activities), we requested and, in addition, searched for such policies across 28 sites involved in the NIH HEAL Initiative’s HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) study. The HBCD study plans to enroll 7,500 pregnant/postpartum persons, follow their children and families long-term, and assess factors influencing brain and child development. The obtained policies were then summarized, followed by identification of gaps in their recommendations and guidance. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Outreach to the HBCD study sites and search of their institutional websites resulted in identification of 6 institutional policies or other guidance related to research-related transportation across five HBCD study sites. Three policies/guidance related to ride-share programs in research, two related to reimbursement for participant travel, and the fifth was about car seats. Through the online search, we also found policies or written guidance about employee-related transportation within 15 HBCD study sites in total; they largely pertained to employee business travel and did not specifically address research-related transportation. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: To optimally support research teams, participants, and to promote the enrollment and retention of participants from diverse backgrounds, it is critical for research institutions to develop and implement guidance on research-related transportation and remove barriers to participation in research.

目的/目标:交通是参与研究的一个障碍,尤其是对来自贫困家庭的参与者而言。我们的目标是审查现有政策,并就与研究相关的交通问题提出机构指导建议,以支持一项长期的出生队列研究。方法/研究对象:为了总结与研究相关的交通(即参与者或研究人员往返研究活动的交通)方面的现有机构政策,我们要求参与美国国立卫生研究院 HEAL 计划的 HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) 研究的 28 个研究机构提供此类政策,此外,我们还对这些机构进行了搜索。HBCD 研究计划招募 7500 名孕妇/产后妇女,对其子女和家庭进行长期跟踪,并评估影响大脑和儿童发育的因素。然后对所获得的政策进行总结,并找出其建议和指导中的不足之处。结果/预期结果:通过联系 HBCD 研究机构并搜索其机构网站,在五个 HBCD 研究机构中发现了 6 项与研究相关的交通相关的机构政策或其他指导。其中三项政策/指南与研究中的共乘计划有关,两项与参与者的旅行报销有关,第五项与汽车座椅有关。通过在线搜索,我们还在总共 15 个 HBCD 研究机构中找到了与员工相关的交通政策或书面指导;这些政策或指导主要与员工的商务旅行有关,并没有具体涉及与研究相关的交通问题。讨论/意义:为了给研究团队和参与者提供最佳支持,并促进来自不同背景的参与者的注册和保留,研究机构必须制定并实施与研究相关的交通指南,消除参与研究的障碍。
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Journal of Clinical and Translational Science
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