Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects最新文献

Background: The study investigated the association between vitamin D levels during the first and second trimesters of pregnancy and the eruption time of the first primary tooth. Other possible confounders were also assessed, like infants' birth weight and length and feeding practices. Understanding these factors is crucial for prenatal care strategies to optimize dental development.

Methods: Our prospective cohort study recruited 120 mother‒infant pairs. The data on maternal plasma levels of vitamin D during the first and second trimesters of pregnancy were obtained from mothers' medical records. The eruption times of the first primary teeth were recorded during regular oral examinations of the infants. A multiple linear regression model was developed to analyze the relationship between maternal vitamin D levels and the teething time.

Results: No significant correlation was found between maternal vitamin D levels during the first and second trimesters and the time of the first tooth eruption (P=0.594 and P=0.722). However, birth weight had a significant inverse relationship (P=0.042), indicating that higher birth weight resulted in earlier first tooth eruption.

Conclusion: The association between maternal vitamin D levels and the time of tooth eruption remains uncertain. However, birth weight is an important determinant of the timing of deciduous tooth eruption, demonstrating a significant inverse relationship. The study's clinical relevance lies in its contribution to understanding complex prenatal factors that may influence tooth eruption timing, informing healthcare providers about the importance of monitoring birth weight and other potential determinants.

Background: This study was designed to compare the effect of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and concentrated growth factor (CGF) on the immediate implants placed in previously infected sites.

Methods: A total of 210 patients were included in this randomized clinical trial. The remaining tooth was extracted, and the periapical lesion was removed. Then, PRF and CGF were placed in the socket in the PRF and CGF groups, respectively. No intervention was performed in the control group. The implant was inserted and sutured. Postoperative pain was measured using VAS. Plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), buccal and proximal gingival esthetic index (GEI-B and GEI-P), crestal bone level, periapical lesion size, and Implant Health Scale (IHS) were evaluated. Data were analyzed with SPSS 18 using one-way ANOVA, Tukey, and repeated measures test at 0.05 significance level.

Results: The mean BOP and pain in each period were significantly higher in the control group than in the PRF and CGF groups and in the PRF group than in the CGF group (P=0.001 and P<0.001). In the PRF, CGF, and control groups, pain had a decreasing trend (P=0.010, P<0.001, and P=0.001); PI had a significant increasing trend (P=0.034, P<0.001, and P<0.001); crestal bone level had a significant increasing trend (P=0.023, P=0.033, and P<0.001); and the size of periapical lesion had a significant decreasing trend (P=0.004, P=0.002, and P=0.048). The IHS showed optimum health after two years in the PRF and CGF groups. Optimum health, satisfactory survival, and compromised survival were reported in the control group.

Conclusion: PRF and CGF guaranteed the successful osseointegration of immediate implants in previously infected sites. CGF and PRF positively affected the soft tissue and hard tissue around the immediate implants. CGF had more promising effects than PRF.

Background: The development of early metastases due to the high vascularization and lymphatic drainage of the oral cavity, followed by delayed diagnosis, results in a worse prognosis of oral melanomas. The present study aimed to determine the survival of oral melanoma in different periods and analyze its prognostic factors.

Methods: A search for studies on survival and prognostic factors of oral melanoma was performed in the following databases: PubMed (MEDLINE, Cochrane Library), Web of Science (WoS), and Scopus. The estimation of the pooled proportion was carried out with the generic inverse variance method, using the standard error (SE) of the proportion. For dichotomous outcomes, the estimates of the effects of the intervention were expressed as odds ratios (ORs) using the Mantel-Haenszel (M-H) method, all with 95% confidence intervals.

Results: Thirty-eight studies that considered 3767 oral melanoma patients were included in this meta-analysis. Overall survival (OS) decreased from 58% at two years to 42% at three years and 29% at five years. Regarding prognostic factors, non-ulcerated oral melanomas with a high degree of pigmentation showed the best survival at 5 years. In contrast, oral tumor location and gender did not significantly affect oral melanoma survival.

Conclusion: Oral melanoma has a low survival rate, with ulcerated and poorly pigmented tumors having the worst prognosis.

Background: Innovations in smartphone technology have transformed diagnostics in healthcare. In orthodontics, these applications can serve as potential diagnostic tools. The present study analyzed the accuracy of two smartphone-based face scanners compared to a standard CBCT-based facial scanner and evaluated scanning duration, user experience, and preferences for orthodontic diagnostics.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 15 individuals aged 18-25 years. Each participant was scanned with a CBCT-based scanner (group 1), SureScan 3D App (group 2), and QLone App (group 3). Accuracy was assessed by superimposing scans using MeshLab and Geomagic Control X software. Scanning duration was recorded. Additionally, 30 orthodontists completed a questionnaire to evaluate user experience with face scans. ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests compared the accuracy and scanning duration, respectively, while the Mann-Whitney U test was used to assess region-based reproducibility. P≤0.05 was considered significant.

Results: Smartphone-based apps showed overall accuracy comparable to the conventional scanner (P=0.765). SureScan 3D had the lowest mean error (1.53±0.24 mm). In region-based superimposition, the cheeks and forehead had high reproducibility, followed by the nose with moderate and the perioral area with poor reproducibility. Significant differences in scanning duration were observed (P=0.001), with SureScan 3D having the shortest scanning time (52.80±4.17 seconds) and 93.3% of orthodontists viewed facial scans as a substitute for photographs, though 53.3% still preferred photographs.

Conclusion: Smartphone face scanning applications offer accuracy comparable to standard scanners with reduced scanning times. They provide a cost-efficient and reliable alternative to traditional scanners for orthodontic documentation.

Background: Several methods are used to replace lost teeth. This study aimed to reconstruct pre-maxillary conditions when a limited number of implants are available and investigate the biomechanics of the two methods available to dentists for use in these conditions (splinting natural teeth to implants and using a cantilever).

Methods: This in vitro study involved the preparation of eight bridge samples, which were divided into two groups. Four healthy recently extracted central teeth with similar sizes and a maximum difference of 20% in root and crown length were selected as the dental abutments. After preparing the samples, the temporal retention of Temp Bond cement was evaluated using a universal testing machine at a speed of 0.5 mm/min for both samples. A digital torquemeter was used to measure the torque required to open the abutments before and after a fatigue test. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistics software.

Results: A comparison of two types of prostheses before and after periodic loading showed that the amount of torque for loosening the abutment screw before applying force was the same in the two types of splint prostheses and cantilever prostheses. However, after applying a 200-N force, the amount of torque in the splinted prosthesis (19.75±1.70) was significantly higher than that of the cantilever prosthesis (12.1±5.73) (P<0.05).

Conclusion: Generally, dental implant prostheses exhibited better support in vitro compared to cantilever prostheses.

Background: The present study aimed to assess the impact of staining drinks and repolishing on the color stability of a monochromatic composite resin.

Methods: Eighty composite resin specimens (Omnichroma, Tokuyama Dental, Tokyo, Japan) were fabricated in stainless steel molds and cured with an LED light-curing device (Elipar, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA). Initial color scores were recorded after immersion in artificial saliva for 24 hours. Subsequently, the specimens were exposed to staining drinks (artificial saliva, tea, detox drink, cherry juice, and coffee) for 4 days, followed by color score assessments. Final color measurements were obtained after repolishing with a composite resin polishing kit (CLEARFIL^TM Twist DIA, Kuraray, Tokyo, Japan). Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 16.0 (P<0.05).

Results: Significant differences were found in staining intensity (ΔE1) between the groups; artificial saliva produced the fewest stains, whereas detox drinks produced the most. Nonetheless, no discernible variation was seen in the average ΔE1 and ΔE2 scores, indicating equivalent staining and discoloration. Color parameter shifts were noted in all the groups after staining and after repolishing. Staining drinks induced noticeable color changes, especially in the tea, detox drink, cherry juice, and coffee groups. Repolishing resulted in minor color changes but did not fully restore the original appearance.

Conclusion: ΔE scores after staining and after repolishing composite resins were similar, indicating that restoration color returned to its original state after polishing as much as after staining. Immediate replacement of stained restorations may not be needed; this study recommends repolishing before considering replacement.

Background: Previous studies have reported inconsistent results on the relationship between the number of teeth and all-cause mortality. There are several confounding factors in this relationship, especially age. We investigated the relationship between the number of teeth and all-cause mortality among residents in Mashhad, Iran.

Methods: Of 9704 participants of the Mashhad Stroke and Heart Atherosclerotic Disorder (MASHAD) study conducted in this cohort study, 395 participants were randomly recruited for dental examination. Baseline characteristics, including age, sex, and status of marriage, employment, and education, were collected for all the participants. The number of teeth was recorded by a dentist who also undertook a full dental examination. Individuals were followed up every three years, over 10 years, for the incidence of death. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20, and a P value of<0.05 was considered significant. The effect of confounders was reduced using multivariate logistic regression.

Results: Among 387 eligible participants, the mean age was 48.60±8.24 years, and most were female. The number of teeth was significantly related to age (P<0.001), marital status (P=0.002), and educational attainment (P=0.001). Over ten years of follow-up, 15 of the participants died. Among baseline variables, only age was significantly associated with death (P=0.008). The number of teeth was significantly associated with all-cause mortality after adjustment for age, sex and marital status, employment, and educational attainment (P=0.003, OR=0.926, 95% CI: 0.880‒0.974).

Conclusion: Number of teeth is an independent predictor of all-cause mortality, especially in older individuals.

Background: Integrating nanoparticles with herbal medicine can enhance drug efficacy and leverage natural antimicrobial properties, addressing concerns related to drug side effects and microbial resistance. Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans, key oral pathogens responsible for dental caries and candidiasis, pose significant clinical challenges. This study investigated the potential of Ferula gummosa-based nanoparticles in combating the oral pathogens S. mutans and C. albicans.

Methods: In this in vitro study, F. gummosa essential oil was extracted and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A nanogel incorporating this oil was formulated with chitosan and tripolyphosphate (TPP). The physicochemical properties of the nanogel were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), zeta potential analysis, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against S. mutans, and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) against C. albicans were determined through microdilution assays.

Results: The major constituents of F. gummosa essential oil were identified as γ-cadinene (20.44%), T-cadinol (12.03%), sabinene (10.23%), and β-pinene (9.77%). The nanogel demonstrated efficient oil encapsulation, with an average nanoparticle size of 128.89±24.08 nm and a PDI of 0.226. The zeta potential of the nanoparticles increased upon oil incorporation. The MIC against S. mutans was 19.02 μg/mL for the nanogel and 781.25 μg/mL for the oil, while the MIC against C. albicans was 2.37 μg/mL for the nanogel and 195.31 μg/mL for the oil. MBC and MFC assays confirmed the enhanced antimicrobial efficacy of the nanogel.

Conclusion: F. gummosa essential oil exhibited significant antibacterial and antifungal properties. Formulating the oil into a nanostructure significantly enhanced its efficacy against S. mutans and C. albicans, presenting a promising alternative antimicrobial strategy.

Background: This in vitro study compared the wear response of natural enamel when opposed to hybrid and conventional dental ceramic materials under both abrasive and erosive conditions.

Methods: Eighty enamel specimens were prepared from bovine central incisors and divided into five groups based on the antagonist material used. Each group consisted of 16 specimens, with antagonists fabricated from four different aesthetic CAD/CAM block materials: VITA Enamic (VE), Lava Ultimate (LU), Lava Plus (LP), and VITA Mark II (VM), alongside natural enamel as a control. The specimens underwent 100000 wear cycles (49 N/2 Hz) under non-erosive and erosive conditions, simulating clinical scenarios. Enamel wear was quantified through weight loss measurements. Statistical analysis was conducted using two-way ANOVA and post hoc Games-Howell test, with a significance level set at α=0.05.

Results: The study demonstrated significant variations in enamel wear when opposed to different dental ceramic materials under both erosive and non-erosive conditions (P<0.001 for both). The VM group exhibited the highest mean enamel wear across varying pH conditions (P=0.0104 and P=0.0900). Statistically significant differences in enamel weight loss were observed among all five groups under non-erosive conditions. However, erosive wear rates differed significantly between nearly all groups, except for comparisons between LU and VE (P=0.271) and LP and VM (P=0.180). Notably, mean enamel wear values were higher when specimens were exposed to acetic acid compared to non-erosive conditions (P<0.001 for all groups).

Conclusion: Despite advancements in hybrid ceramic manufacturing, natural enamel wear remains significantly lower when opposed to these materials compared to conventional ceramics. Hybrid ceramics exhibited reduced wear potential compared to feldspathic and zirconia ceramics, underscoring their clinical relevance.

Background: This in vitro experimental study evaluated the color stability and effect of bleaching and re-polishing Gaenial, nanohybrid veneering composite resin material, following immersion in saffron, turmeric, and black pepper solutions.

Methods: Sixty disk-shaped composite resin samples were prepared and randomly assigned to four groups (n=15). The samples were immersed in saffron, turmeric, and black pepper solutions for seven days. Color parameters were assessed using a spectrophotometer before immersion and after seven days. Following immersion, one side of each sample underwent a bleaching treatment, while the opposite side was re-polished. Two-way ANOVA and independent t-test were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the bleaching and re-polishing procedures to remove stains from the composite resin samples. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 17.

Results: The groups exhibited statistically significant differences (P<0.001). Turmeric solution showed the highest discoloration compared to the other two solutions, followed by saffron, with black pepper demonstrating the least stainability. In the saffron group, no statistically significant difference was observed between the bleaching and re-polishing treatments (P=0.06). Conversely, in the turmeric and black pepper groups, there were statistically significant differences between bleaching and re-polishing (P<0.001). In the control group, no statistically significant difference was found between the bleaching and re-polishing treatments (P=0.378).

Conclusion: The effectiveness of bleaching and re-polishing varied across the groups. In both the turmeric and black pepper groups, bleaching was more effective in reducing discoloration than re-polishing. Conversely, no statistically significant difference was found between bleaching and re-polishing treatments in the saffron group.