Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects最新文献

Background: Mouthwashes are used to control and decrease problems such as the accumulation of microorganisms and plaque in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Since the success of fixed orthodontic treatment depends on the bond strength of brackets to the enamel, the present study investigated the possible effects of the SensiKIN mouthwash on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets on the enamel surface.

Methods: The present case-control study was carried out on 40 extracted sound human premolar teeth (20 in the mouthwash group and 20 in the control group). All the tooth samples were immersed in 0.1% thymol solution for seven days, followed by storage in distilled water at 4ºC for<3 months. In the mouthwash group, the SensiKIN mouthwash was applied to the teeth twice every day for one minute each time for one month. The teeth in both groups were retrieved from the storage solutions for orthodontic procedures. Finally, a universal testing machine was used to determine the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets to the enamel surface. The data were analyzed using SPSS 26.

Results: The results showed no significant difference in the mean shear bond strengths of orthodontic brackets between the SensiKIN mouthwash group (117.8, 36-387 N, around 11.7 Mpa) and the control group (121.6, 40.3-473.3 N, around 12.1 MPa) (P=0.914).

Conclusion: Since the SensiKIN mouthwash did not decrease the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets, it can be used during orthodontic treatment.

Background: Extensive research has established the adverse impact of morphine sulfate addiction on the central nervous system. Additionally, studies have shown that the consumption of morphine during pregnancy can impair normal fetal development. This study examined the influence of morphine sulfate on tooth development in rats.

Methods: Thirty female Wistar rats were randomly assigned to two groups. The experimental group was given morphine sulfate at a final dose of 0.4 mg/mL, while the control group received only water. Dependence on morphine was verified through the use of naloxone. We examined the effect of morphine sulfate on the development of maxillary first molars in rat embryos on day 19 of gestation, as well as on days 1, 4, 7, and 10 after birth. Two or three rats were separated from each mother and anesthetized using ketamine at 2 mg/kg. Thin sections were prepared from paraffin blocks of the tissue and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Statistical analyses were conducted with SPSS 20 using ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests (P<0.05).

Results: Research findings indicated that, on the first day after birth, the enamel organ had a significantly greater thickness in the control group (P=0.001). Additionally, in the 19-day-old fetus and one-day-old baby groups, the control group had a significantly higher dental papilla thickness than the experimental group (P=0.001). Furthermore, the maximum buccolingual width of tooth buds in the control group was significantly greater than that of the experimental group (P=0.001). Lastly, the enamel and dentin were significantly thicker in the control group than in the experimental group in the 1-, 4-, 7-, and 10-day-old infant groups (P=0.001).

Conclusion: These results suggest that morphine sulfate interfered with the development of the tooth bud and reduced the secretion of enamel and dentin matrix.

Background: White spot lesions (WSLs), early indicators of tooth decay, are common in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances and can disrupt esthetic outcomes. Various methods have been proposed to prevent and treat WSLs, with bioactive glass products being one of the latest approaches. This study aims to evaluate the effect of bioactive glass toothpastes on WSLs around orthodontic brackets.

Methods: Relevant articles were identified using databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane's CENTRAL, Scopus, and Web of Science up to November 2023. The full texts of selected studies were retrieved, and their quality was assessed. The study included clinical and in vitro research. Four clinical studies (2015‒2023) were reviewed, with meta-analysis performed on three. A random-effects inverse variance meta-analysis was performed, and the quality of the evidence was graded using GRADE.

Results: No significant difference was found between bioactive glass and fluoride toothpaste in remineralizing WSLs (P=0.10, SMD=-0.29). Nine in vitro studies (2013‒2022) were reviewed, with a meta-analysis on three showing significant lesion depth reduction with bioactive glass compared to no treatment (P<0.00001, MD=-63.98).

Conclusion: Bioactive glass toothpaste may be effective in remineralizing WSLs, though its efficacy is not significantly different from conventional fluoride toothpaste.

Background: This study evaluated the influence of the combined effects of remaining dentin walls and mechanical instrumentation with taper sizes of 0.04 and 0.06 on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated mandibular premolars.

Methods: Seventy single-canal mandibular premolar teeth with similar dimensions were selected and divided into one control group and three main experimental groups: control group: intact teeth, group 1: four remaining walls, group 2: three remaining walls, and group 3: two remaining walls. Each group was further divided into two subgroups in terms of preparation size (0.06 or 0.04 taper). The teeth were restored with composite resin after creating restorative models and performing endodontic treatments. The fracture resistance of teeth was measured by the push-out test. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and post hoc tests and the square of Spearman's linear coefficient (P<0.05).

Results: The control group exhibited the highest fracture resistance compared to the experimental groups (P<0.05). Regardless of the taper size, group 3 showed the lowest fracture resistance values compared to groups 1 and 2 (P<0.05). Preparation sizes similarly affected the fracture strength of teeth (P>0.05). A significant positive association was found between the remaining dentin walls and fracture resistance (P<0.05).

Conclusion: This study emphasized the importance of preserving coronal dentin for fracture resistance in endodontically treated teeth (ETTs). Conservative instrumentation did not provide any advantages over traditional preparation in increasing fracture resistance.

Background: The present study evaluated condylar position changes using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in treating Cl II malocclusion with the twin block and clear functional jaw corrector (CFJC) appliances.

Methods: In this RCT, we included 60 patients, with 30 in each treatment group (control group: twin block appliance, case group: CFJC appliance), randomly allocated using a lottery system. A twin block appliance or CFJC was fabricated for each patient following the protocol. Pre- and post-treatment records were collected over twelve months at 0-, 6- and 12-month intervals using cephalograms, CBCT, and questionnaires assessing the patient perception of the appliance.

Results: Both groups showed significant improvements in malocclusion. Cephalometric analysis showed statistically significant differences between the two groups in SNB, ANB, and U1-NA. In comparing the two groups, significant differences were found in Arnett's soft tissue parameters, including upper lip to E line, lower lip to E line, upper lip protrusion, upper lip length, lower lip length, lower 1/3 of the face, maxillary first incisor exposure, and mandibular height in the CFJC group. The intergroup comparison of projections to TVL (true vertical line) also showed significant differences across all parameters in the CFJC group. Furthermore, significant disparities in CBCT parameters were observed between the groups, specifically in condylar position, condylar height, and anterior joint space. Also, significant differences in patient comfort and perception of the appliance were observed, highlighting better compliance with the CFJC appliance.

Conclusion: The CFJC appliance is a top choice for Cl II malocclusion due to its superior effectiveness in skeletal, dental, and soft tissue improvements and significant condylar remodeling. Additionally, patients showed better compliance and acceptance of the CFJC appliance compared to traditional options, enhancing its clinical advantage in orthodontic practice.

Background: Little information is available about the effect of vitamin D on jaw bone density, and human studies about this entity are scarce. Vitamin D deficiency weakens bone regeneration and is responsible for many systemic diseases, such as chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, etc.

Methods: Fifty candidates for dental implant treatment aged 20‒60 were randomly chosen at the Implantology Department of the Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Fifteen patients were male, and 35 were female, and they were examined for their vitamin D3 serum levels. All the patients had cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) radiographic images. According to their vitamin D3 levels, they were split into three groups: deficient, insufficient, and sufficient, and the density of bone was evaluated using the mean calculated Hounsfield unit from the Planmeca Romexis software.

Results: In the vitamin D3-deficient group, the mandibular bone of both males and females demonstrated lower bone densities; however, there was no significant correlation between bone density and vitamin D3 serum levels in either the maxilla or the mandible.

Conclusion: This study could not find a correlation between the serum levels of vitamin D3 and the bone density of the jaws. Further studies are necessary in this respect.

Background: Growth modification is a strategy for the treatment of skeletal Cl II patients. Clear twin block (CTB) is a modification of traditional twin block (TTB), which is made from thermoplastic sheets instead of acrylic resin and wire. This study compared the dental effects of the clear and TTBs.

Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 60 growing skeletal Cl II patients with dental Cl II div 1 malocclusion were selected and randomly divided into two groups: TTB and CTB. Cephalometric radiography and stone models were taken before treatment (T₁) and six months (T₂) after appliance insertion. Data were analyzed using independent t-test and paired t-test at the 0.05 significance level.

Results: There was a significant difference between CTB and TTB in IMPA at T₂ (P<0.05). Intragroup comparisons showed no significant change from T₁ to T₂ in the CTB group and for U1-SN and U1-Pal amounts in the TTB group. T1-T2 comparison showed a significant change in IMPA in the TTB group (P<0.05).

Conclusion: TTB showed more protrusion of lower incisors compared to CTB.

Background: In enhancing smile aesthetics, managing gingival hyperpigmentation has become increasingly important. Gingival hyperpigmentation can often affect individuals psychologically, prompting many individuals to seek treatment. Microneedling (MN) is emerging as a popular solution for minimizing gingival hyperpigmentation through a minimally invasive approach. In contrast, the scalpel technique is an established surgical intervention to remove pigmented tissue directly. This study investigated the effectiveness of these two techniques in terms of clinical and patient-related outcomes.

Methods: This randomized control clinical study included 20 subjects with hyperpigmentation in both maxillary and mandibular arches. One arch of each subject was randomly allocated to MN using the coin toss method, and the other arch was assigned to the scalpel technique. Intraoperative bleeding, postoperative pain scores, wound healing index, Dummett oral pigmentation index (DOPI), and Hedin melanin index (HMI) were evaluated.

Results: MN showed significantly better results in terms of pain, bleeding scores, DOPI, and HMI (P<0.01). In contrast, the scalpel technique revealed significantly superior results in terms of wound healing.

Conclusion: Being a gold standard, the scalpel technique offers precision but is accompanied by more bleeding and less patient compliance due to its invasiveness. Conversely, the MN technique emerges as an advanced technique, demonstrating less pain and bleeding, thus enhancing patient comfort and overall satisfaction, aligning with the evolving preferences for minimally invasive dental procedures.

The present review systematically analyzed the available literature on the application of spheno-occipital synchondrosis (SOS) as a skeletal maturity indicator in growing subjects reporting for orthodontic treatment. A systematic search of the available literature on SOS for assessment of skeletal maturity was performed in various databases like Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus until December 2023. The risk of bias assessment was performed using the STARD (Standards for the Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies) statement. A narrative summary on the correlation of SOS with cervical vertebral maturation index (CVMI), hand-wrist maturation (HWM), and chronologic age was done, followed by a meta-analysis with a fixed effects model to quantitatively assess the correlation of SOS with CVMI. A total of eight studies were included in the review, and seven of them reported a significant, strong positive correlation between SOS and CVMI, two studies reported a moderate correlation of SOS with HWM stages, and seven studies reported a good to moderate correlation between SOS and chronologic age. Most included studies had a low risk of bias and were considered good-quality studies. On performing the meta-analysis of both the 4- and 5-stage SOS, a significant positive correlation of SOS with CVMI was noted (P<0.05). The present high-quality evidence suggests a strong positive correlation between SOS and CVMI, a moderate correlation between SOS and HMW, and a moderate correlation between SOS and chronologic age. Hence, SOS can reliably be used as a skeletal maturity indicator.

Background: Apicoectomy is often required to treat a non-healing endodontic lesion. Materials used during this procedure, such as root-end conditioners and retrograde filling materials, can significantly affect the success. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has been used as a root-end filling material for a long time; however, success has also been reported with some novel materials such as Biodentine. The present study compared the sealing ability of MTA and Biodentine in root-end cavities following apicoectomy after using EDTA and maleic acid as root-end conditioners.

Methods: The apical one-third of 60 extracted teeth were resected, followed by root-end preparation of 3 mm. The samples were divided into 4 groups of 15 each. The roots in groups 1 and 2 were conditioned with EDTA and maleic acid in groups 3 and 4. Retrograde cavities in groups 1 and 3 were filled with MTA and in groups 2 and 4 with Biodentine. Microleakage was checked using the dye penetration method. One-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests were used for statistical analyses.

Results: Group 1 showed the highest (2.94±0.112), while group 4 had the least dye penetration (2.55±0.213).

Conclusion: It can be concluded that Biodentine showed better sealing ability after using maleic acid than MTA and can be used as an alternative to MTA in root-end surgeries.