Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects最新文献

Background: Oral cancer is the eighth leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, particularly prevalent in regions with high tobacco and betel nut consumption. The associated high mortality and morbidity rates could be reduced through early detection, prompting researchers to focus on identifying early markers of carcinogenesis.

Methods: This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness of oxidative stress markers as diagnostic tools. An electronic search was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar to identify case‒control studies published between January 2000 and June 2024 that explored the use of oxidative stress markers as diagnostic biomarkers. A manual search was also performed in relevant journals, including oral oncology and oral diseases. Initially, 38 studies were screened, and after applying the inclusion criteria, only nine studies were included. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) tool was used to assess the risk of bias.

Results: Eight studies were conducted in India, while one was from Saudi Arabia. These studies analyzed oxidative stress markers in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), and leukoplakia. Control groups were matched based on age and sex, with only two studies also considering socioeconomic status. A significant difference (P<0.05) in oxidative stress marker levels was observed between cases and controls, particularly in patients with OSCC and OSMF.

Conclusion: Oxidative stress markers show promise as diagnostic and prognostic indicators. Standardized methodologies and therapeutic approaches targeting oxidative stress could enhance early detection and treatment, especially in resource-limited settings. However, the findings must be interpreted with caution due to methodological limitations, geographic bias, and the lack of inclusion of grey literature.

Background: The present in vitro study evaluated the camouflage effect of two treatments for white spot lesions (WSLs): remineralization with Mi Paste Plus© (GC Europe N.V.) and remineralization combined with a Scotchbond Multi-Purpose© (3M ESPE 2015) adhesive layer. Additionally, the study assessed the color stability of the treatments when exposed to a staining agent, such as coffee.

Methods: Sixty extracted anterior and posterior teeth were preserved in saline solution and divided into two groups. Artificial WSLs were created using 37% orthophosphoric acid for 1 minute. Both groups underwent daily 6-hour remineralization treatments with Mi Paste Plus© for 14 days. In the second group, a thin adhesive layer was applied after remineralization. Color analysis was performed using an MHT SpectroShade Micro spectrophotometer at baseline (T₁), after remineralization (T₂), after adhesive application for group 2 (T_R), and after immersion in coffee for 24 hours (T₃). Color differences (ΔE) between healthy tissue and WSLs were assessed, with ΔE≤3.3 considered clinically acceptable. Data were analyzed using STATA 17 (P≤0.05).

Results: ΔE analysis showed a statistically significant improvement in the camouflage effect in the adhesive-treated group (T_R) compared to remineralization alone (T₂). After coffee exposure (T₃), ΔE values increased significantly in both groups, with higher values observed in the adhesive-treated group. Intragroup analyses indicated significant differences between T₂ and T₃, as well as T_R and T₃.

Conclusion: The application of an adhesive system can be considered a valid option to improve the aesthetic outcome of a remineralization treatment; however, this approach carries the risk of resin staining over time.

Background: In addition to the capacity for gradual and sustained fluoride release over extended durations, which is crucial for remineralization processes and antibacterial properties, glass-ionomer cements (GICs) may serve as templates for releasing additional active antimicrobial agents. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial activity of conventional GICs-ChemFlex and Fuji IX-with and without the addition of antimicrobial compounds benzalkonium chloride and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), against cariogenic bacteria Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus casei, and Actinomyces viscosus across different time intervals.

Methods: Specimens measuring 4×6 mm were prepared from the cements with and without the incorporation of antibacterial agents. The inhibitory zones were assessed after 48 hours, as well as after 2, 7, and 21 days of incubation. The agar diffusion method was employed to determine the zones of inhibition.

Results: The statistical analysis of the antimicrobial effects between the two compounds indicated no significant differences in the control group. Statistically significant differences were noted in the experimental group, except on the 21st day for S. mutans across all concentrations, and the 48th hour and 7th day for A. viscosus in 3% antimicrobial agents.

Conclusion: The incorporation of antimicrobial agents into conventional glass-ionomers demonstrated an inhibitory effect on all examined cariogenic bacteria. This effect was more significant at higher concentrations. Over time, the suppressive effect diminished; however, it remained significantly strong. Glass-ionomers lacking antimicrobial agents demonstrated a restricted but noticeable antibacterial efficacy.

Background: Preparation of the mesio-occluso-distal (MOD) cavity in maxillary premolars reduces their stiffness and fracture resistance. The maximum preservation of dental tissue is essential in minimally invasive dentistry (MID). The present study compared the fracture resistance of maxillary premolars with MOD cavities restored with composite resin, fiber-reinforced composite resin, and composite restorations with cusp coverage.

Methods: Forty-eight sound, extracted maxillary premolars were divided into four groups: group 1: intact teeth; in the other groups, MOD cavities were prepared (buccolingual: 3 mm, occlusal depth: 4 mm, gingival floor: 1 mm above the cementoenamel junction (CEJ), and axial depth: 1.5 mm); group 2: cavities restored using the incremental method with composite resin; group 3: after placing polyethylene fiber buccolingually in the pulp floor and extending it up to 2 mm of the buccal and lingual walls, restoration was performed; group 4: buccal and palatal cusps were reduced by 2 mm, and restoration was performed similar to group 2. After 24 hours of storage and thermocycling, the specimens were load-cycled. The fracture types were classified as favorable and unfavorable. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance, post hoc Tukey tests, and the Kruskal-Wallis test.

Results: The fracture resistance in groups 3 and 4 was similar to that of intact teeth. In group 2, the fracture resistance was significantly lower than in the other groups. The fracture type in the Ribbond group and intact teeth was similar (more favorable).

Conclusion: Using Ribbond fiber and cusp coverage improved the fracture resistance of MOD restorations. Ribbond fiber resulted in a fracture type similar to that of intact teeth.

Background: The oral health needs of older adults must be prioritized due to the shifting demographics of the population and rising life expectancy. This study investigated the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions (OMLs) among geriatric dental patients in a sample of the Egyptian population and explored the association with age, gender, smoking habit, as well as the impact on the quality of life.

Methods: This cross-sectional study screened 300 geriatric dental patients aged 65 years or older, from several dental hospitals and mobile clinics in various regions in Egypt. Demographic data and information regarding denture use, systemic diseases, and smoking habits were recorded. A clinical examination was conducted, and the quality of life was assessed using the Oral Health Impact Profile-5 (OHIP-5) score.

Results: OMLs were found in 59.3% of the cases studied. The most prevalent OML in the studied population was coated tongue, and the least frequent was oral cancer. The buccal mucosa was the most frequently affected location. OMLs had a profound impact on the quality of life. Male gender, heavy smoking, the presence of medical conditions, and denture use were significant predictors of the presence of OMLs.

Conclusion: In the present study, the prevalence of oral lesions in geriatric patients was 59.3%. The most prevalent OML in the studied population was coated tongue, and the least frequent was oral cancer. OMLs had a profound impact on the quality of life. The prevalence of OMLs was found to be strongly linked to systemic diseases, heavy smoking, and male gender.

Background: The accurate fit between the dental implant and the prosthetic abutment is crucial for the stability of the entire prosthetic-implant system, providing a better distribution of the occlusal load to the surrounding bone. To improve stress distribution between the implant and bone, various types of internal connection implants have been introduced. However, few studies are available on the biomechanical behavior of these connections. This study investigated the stress distribution in screwed implant-supported prosthesis with different implant‒abutment connections using a photoelastic analysis.

Methods: Eight photoelastic models were fabricated in PL-2 resin and divided according to the different types of internal connections: Morse taper (MT), internal Morse hexagon (IMH), Morse taper hexagon (MTH), and frictional Morse taper (FMT) implants (3.75×11.5 mm), and the number of crowns (single and 3-unit pieces). Models were positioned in a circular polariscope, and 100-N axial and oblique (45º) loads were applied to the occlusal surface of the crowns using a universal testing machine. The stresses were photographically recorded and qualitatively analyzed using Adobe Photoshop software.

Results: Under axial loading, the number and distribution of high-intensity fringes did not differ among groups for both crown types (single and splinted 3-element). Low stress values were noted at the implant apex. The oblique loading increased the number of fringes for all groups. In conclusion, the internal connection tested in this study did not affect the number and distribution of stress.

Conclusion: The different types of internal connections provided better stability for the implant‒prosthesis set, which improved stress distribution when the prosthetic pillar was loaded, with the Morse cone friction system showing less stress. Oblique loading resulted in a higher stress concentration than axial loading.

Background: This trial aimed to compare osseodensification with traditional implant site preparation in terms of clinical outcomes, radiographic findings, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in the peri-implant sulcus.

Methods: Sixteen patients were randomly assigned to two groups. In group 1, eleven sites received a small-diameter implant according to the conventional method; in group 2, eleven sites received an implant after osseodensification. The modified plaque index, modified bleeding (sulcus) index, and peri-implant probing depth were recorded for all patients on the day of implant placement (baseline) as well as at 3 and 6 months. The preoperative and postoperative alveolar ridge widths were measured, and the marginal bone loss (MBL) around the implant was assessed. Gingival crevicular samples were assayed using ELISA.

Results: For the MPI, mSBI, and PPD, no statistically significant differences were reported across the groups at baseline and 3 and 6 months. Group 2 showed a lower marginal bone level and higher bone density, lower VEGF, and lower IL-6 levels than group 1.

Conclusion: Osseodensification was shown to preserve bone and augment the ridge width, unlike conventional osteotomy with a small-diameter implant. The association of VEGF and IL-6 may be used as a marker for bone resorption and revascularization around dental implants.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effect of different irrigation solutions on the surface roughness of NeoPutty MTA and Biodentine materials used as perforation repair materials.

Methods: Thirty-two Teflon blocks were divided into M (NeoPutty MTA) and B (Biodentine) groups, which were further divided into maleic acid (n=8) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (n=8) groups. The surface roughness of all the samples was determined by scanning with an atomic force microscopy (AFM) device before and after soaking in 7% maleic acid and 17% EDTA solutions. For data analysis, the Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare two independent groups, and the Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for dependent groups.

Results: According to the findings of the study, no significant difference was found between the initial roughness of NeoPutty MTA and Biodentine materials. However, EDTA solution produced statistically significant surface roughness in Biodentine material, while maleic acid solution produced statistically significant surface roughness in NeoPutty MTA material.

Conclusion: Further studies are necessary to investigate the effects of physicochemical changes induced by irrigation solutions in repair materials on bacterial adhesion and restorative adhesive procedures.

Background: Accurate evaluation of the pulp condition is one of the greatest diagnostic challenges in pediatric dentistry. A comprehensive diagnosis of pulp status is achieved by integrating diagnostic data from multiple sources. Understanding the correlation and consistency among these various data points is important. This study aimed to determine the correlation between history-based, clinical, radiographic, and operative diagnoses.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 4‒8-year-old children attending the Department of Pediatric Dentistry for routine dental treatment between August 1, 2021 and July 7, 2022 were included. A total of 180 primary molars were clinically and radiographically evaluated, and their dental histories were recorded. The pulpal diagnosis was determined based on the dental history, clinical findings, and radiography. The operative diagnosis was determined during pulp therapy. Finally, the correlation was assessed by Spearman's correlation test.

Results: The strongest correlation was observed between operative and radiographic diagnoses (r=0.831, P<0.001). Moreover, the correlations between clinical diagnosis and operative diagnosis and between clinical diagnosis and radiographic diagnosis were the weakest (r=0.556, P<0.001 and r=0.591, P<0.001, respectively). The correlation between the diagnosis based on history and operative diagnosis (r=0.676, P<0.001) was stronger than that with the clinical diagnosis (r=0.633, P<0.001) and radiographic diagnosis (r=0.656, P<0.001).

Conclusion: The findings of this study underscore the importance of integrating multiple diagnostic approaches for an accurate assessment of pulp condition. Radiographic diagnosis demonstrated the strongest reliability in assessing the pulp status. Additionally, moderate correlations between clinical, history-based, and radiographic diagnoses indicate the need for a combined diagnostic strategy approach to achieve higher accuracy and effective treatment planning.