Journal of Drug Issues最新文献

英文中文

Exploring Problematic Substance use Trajectory in Hong Kong: A Life Course Perspective 香港问题药物使用轨迹的生命历程探索

IF 1.7 4区社会学 Q4 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Journal of Drug Issues

Pub Date : 2023-02-15 DOI: 10.1177/00220426231157256

A. Chan, H. Tam

The purpose of this study is to take a life course perspective to explore how experiences at different life course stages of substance users and contextual factors influence their drug use behaviors. Using the life history narrative approach to interview 31 persons who were taking part in rehabilitation treatment in Hong Kong, this study maps out substance use trajectory into four stages (onset, persistence, escalation, and desistance) addressing three interrelated themes: (1) substance use behavior characteristics, (2) critical life events, (3) and social and structural factors. The results showed an interaction between substance use behaviors and their experience in different life stages. Because substance use has become more hidden in the stage of persistence and escalation, particularly in dense cities like Hong Kong, early social support is advocated to be provided in prevention and rehabilitation, such as offering better vocational training support and follow-up service to rebuild relationships with families.

本研究旨在从生命历程的角度探讨药物使用者不同生命历程阶段的经历及环境因素对其药物使用行为的影响。本研究采用生活史叙事的方法，对31名香港康复患者进行访谈，将药物使用轨迹划分为四个阶段(开始、持续、升级和停止)，并探讨了三个相互关联的主题:(1)药物使用行为特征，(2)关键生活事件，(3)社会和结构因素。结果表明，药物使用行为与他们在不同人生阶段的经历之间存在相互作用。由于药物使用在持续和升级阶段变得更加隐蔽，特别是在香港等人口密集的城市，因此提倡在预防和康复方面提供早期社会支持，例如提供更好的职业培训支持和后续服务，以重建与家庭的关系。

引用次数: 0

Challenges and Prescriptions for Homeless Drug Users’ Social Reintegration; An Experience of Partnerships Between Iran and Europe NGOs 无家可归的吸毒者重返社会的挑战和处方；伊朗与欧洲非政府组织合作的经验

IF 1.7 4区社会学 Q4 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Journal of Drug Issues

Pub Date : 2023-01-18 DOI: 10.1177/00220426231151372

Amir Moghanibashi-Mansourieh, Daryush Puyan, R. Radfar, M. Jafarian, T. Legl, Regina Mattsson, Esbjorn Hornberg, Faezeh Atefi, Iris Neuretter, Cressida de Witte, R. Farnam, Mohammad Binazade, Abbas Deilamizade

The research addressed challenges and prescriptions for reintegration of homeless people who use drugs. Data were collected through conducting semi-structured interviews. Twenty-nine participants were recruited. The primary codes were extracted and divided into two main categories of challenges and prescriptions; the former included becoming homeless after a long term recovery, workplace stigma, service users’ different cultural backgrounds, dismissing the 12-Step Program, message fatigue, negative effect of relapse on groups and cyberspace overuse; and the latter included connection by hook or by crook, abstinence-harm reduction orientation, organizational service collection, pushing boundaries of interventions, and expanding services umbrella.

这项研究解决了无家可归的吸毒人员重新融入社会的挑战和处方。通过半结构化访谈收集数据。招募了29名参与者。提取主要规范，将其分为挑战类和处方类两大类;前者包括长期康复后无家可归、职场污名、服务使用者的不同文化背景、退出“12步计划”、信息疲劳、复吸对群体的负面影响、网络空间过度使用;后者包括不择手段的联系，以减少禁欲伤害为导向，有组织的服务收集，推动干预的边界，扩大服务保护伞。

引用次数: 0

The Relationship Between Social Support and Relapse Tendency Among Those Who Struggle With Drug Addiction: Multiple Mediators of Exercise Self-Efficacy and Health-Related Quality of Life 社会支持与药物依赖者复吸倾向的关系:运动自我效能感和健康相关生活质量的多重中介

IF 1.7 4区社会学 Q4 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Journal of Drug Issues

Pub Date : 2023-01-17 DOI: 10.1177/00220426231152912

Dongming Jia, Kai Zhang, Yuming Xu

Based on social support theory and exercise promotion health theory, we verified the mediating role of exercise self-efficacy and health-related quality of life in the relationship between social support and the relapse tendency of Chinese people who struggle with drug addiction. Samples who had received traditional Chinese health-promoting exercise interventions over 3 months were recruited from two drug rehabilitation centres in Zhejiang Province ( n = 415). The participants completed the Social Support Rating Scale, Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale, Health Survey Short Form Questionnaire Chinese version, and Relapse Tendency Scale. Correlation analysis showed significant positive correlations between social support, exercise self-efficacy, and quality of life. In contrast, social support, exercise self-efficacy, and quality of life were negatively correlated with relapse tendency. In addition, intermediary effect analysis showed that social support has a direct negative predictive effect on relapse tendency in two ways: as an independent intermediary of exercise self-efficacy and as a chain intermediary of exercise self-efficacy and quality of life. Good exercise habits and adherence, as well as early establishment of social support, are beneficial not only for reducing craving and relapse behaviour but also for enhancing the quality of life of people who struggle with drug addiction, thereby facilitating the recovery efficacy for maintenance.

基于社会支持理论和运动促进健康理论，我们验证了运动自我效能感和健康相关生活质量在社会支持与中国吸毒者复吸倾向关系中的中介作用。从浙江省两家戒毒所招募接受中国传统促进健康运动干预超过3个月的样本(n = 415)。受试者完成社会支持评定量表、运动自我效能感量表、中文版健康问卷简表和复吸倾向量表。相关分析显示，社会支持、运动自我效能感与生活质量呈显著正相关。社会支持、运动自我效能感和生活质量与复吸倾向呈负相关。此外，中介效应分析表明，社会支持通过运动自我效能的独立中介和运动自我效能与生活质量的连锁中介两种方式对复发倾向有直接的负向预测作用。良好的运动习惯和坚持，以及尽早建立社会支持，不仅有利于减少吸毒成瘾者的渴望和复吸行为，而且有利于提高吸毒成瘾者的生活质量，从而促进恢复疗效的维持。

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引用次数: 0

Retail Drug Trade, Effects on Neighbourhoods, and Sellers’ Navigational Strategies: Accounts of Nigerian Dealers 零售毒品交易，对社区的影响，以及卖家的导航策略:尼日利亚经销商的账户

IF 1.7 4区社会学 Q4 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Journal of Drug Issues

Pub Date : 2023-01-16 DOI: 10.1177/00220426231152803

Ediomo-ubong E. Nelson, O. Onayemi

Studies have examined the negative effects of drug markets on neighbourhoods. But few explore the views of drug sellers. Drawing on 31 in-depth interviews with Nigerian retail drug sellers, we explore why they sell drugs, the effects of drug markets on neighbourhoods, and how they navigate social and legal problems. The participants sold drugs as a means of livelihood in the context of poverty and economic decline. Drug market activities were seen as nuisance, and as fostering crime and violence in neighbourhoods. These views stirred opposition from residents and led to police raids on drug scenes. Drug sellers navigated policing and opposition by concealing drug trade, selling covertly and reducing nuisance among other strategies. We argue that retail drug trade is shaped by the imperatives of survival in the context of poverty. Providing alternative means of livelihood for drug sellers offers potential to curb drug selling and related problems.

研究调查了毒品市场对社区的负面影响。但很少有人探究毒贩的观点。通过对尼日利亚零售毒品销售商的31次深入采访，我们探讨了他们为什么销售毒品，毒品市场对社区的影响，以及他们如何应对社会和法律问题。参与者在贫困和经济衰退的背景下出售毒品作为谋生手段。毒品市场活动被视为滋扰，助长了社区的犯罪和暴力。这些观点引起了居民的反对，并导致警方对毒品现场进行突击搜查。毒贩通过隐瞒毒品交易、秘密销售和减少滋扰等策略来应对警察和反对派。我们认为，零售毒品贸易是由贫困背景下的生存需求决定的。为毒品销售商提供替代谋生手段，有可能遏制毒品销售和相关问题。

引用次数: 0

Workplace Context to Prevent Substance Misuse in the United States: Associations Between workplace Policies and Employee Substance Use Disorders 美国防止药物滥用的工作场所环境：工作场所政策与员工药物使用障碍之间的关联

IF 1.7 4区社会学 Q4 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Journal of Drug Issues

Pub Date : 2023-01-13 DOI: 10.1177/00220426231152913

Daejun Park, Dane Minnick

Workplace policies are important because employee rates of alcohol and drug misuse can be associated with work-related risk factors in the United States. To explore the associations, this study analyzed the 2010–2014 National Survey on Drug Use and Health datasets. The overall sample size was 130,726, and the SUD outcome variables included alcohol, marijuana, pain reliever, and illicit drug use disorders. 20% of participants reported no substance use policies in their workplace. Significant associations were identified between all four measured SUD outcome variables, the presence of specific substance use workplace policies, and individual employment sectors. Specifically, comprehensive policies out of six policies were significantly associated with decreased SUDs in nearly every employment sector. The results of this study suggest that workplace substance use policies are important to prevent the development of employee SUDs and comprehensive policies in place can be most effective.

工作场所政策很重要，因为在美国，员工酗酒和吸毒的比率可能与工作相关的风险因素有关。为了探索这些关联，本研究分析了2010-2014年全国药物使用和健康调查数据集。总体样本量为130726，SUD结果变量包括酒精、大麻、止痛药和非法药物使用障碍。20%的参与者报告他们的工作场所没有物质使用政策。在所有四个测量的SUD结果变量、特定物质使用工作场所政策的存在和个人就业部门之间都发现了显著的关联。具体而言，六项政策中的综合政策与几乎每个就业部门的SUD下降都有显著关联。这项研究的结果表明，工作场所的药物使用政策对防止员工SUD的发展很重要，制定全面的政策可能是最有效的。

引用次数: 1

The Importance of Perceived Safety, Stigma and Pleasure for Solitary Injecting 安全感、耻辱感和愉悦感对孤独注射的重要性

IF 1.7 4区社会学 Q4 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Journal of Drug Issues

Pub Date : 2023-01-12 DOI: 10.1177/00220426231151377

Kristin Hanoa, Ola Røed Bilgrei, Kristin Buvik

Many people who inject drugs (PWID) inject when they are alone which increases the risk for drug-related mortality, and the majority of overdose-related deaths occur among solitary users in residential environments. Drawing on qualitative data from interviews with 80 PWID in Norway, this study explores the complex practices of solitary injecting. The analysis illustrates that the risk environments in which they participated involved high levels of distress, fear and stigma that made them prefer solitary injecting. This involved a perceived notion of safety from an unpredictable social environment. Stigma was described as causing additional harms and they therefore wanted to hide their drug-using practices. Finally, injecting drug use involved contextual pleasures that were maximised by injecting alone. The study illustrates how the risk environment the PWID inhabited caused additional harms, by which solitary injections was rationalized, despite its increased mortality risks. Future harm-reduction initiatives should reflect this important aspect.

许多注射毒品（PWID）的人在独自一人时注射，这增加了与毒品有关的死亡风险，大多数与过量药物相关的死亡发生在居住环境中的单独使用者中。本研究利用对挪威80名残疾人的访谈中的定性数据，探讨了单独注射的复杂做法。分析表明，他们参与的风险环境涉及高度的痛苦、恐惧和污名，这使他们更喜欢单独注射。这涉及到一种从不可预测的社会环境中感知到的安全概念。污名被描述为造成额外的伤害，因此他们想隐瞒自己的吸毒行为。最后，注射吸毒涉及到通过单独注射而最大化的情境乐趣。这项研究说明了PWID所处的风险环境如何造成额外的伤害，通过这种伤害，尽管单独注射会增加死亡风险，但还是合理化了。未来的减少伤害举措应反映这一重要方面。

引用次数: 0

Drug Smuggling Seizures: The Effects of Reporting Consistency and Quality on the Observed Transnational Structure 毒品走私缉获：报告一致性和质量对观察到的跨国结构的影响

IF 1.7 4区社会学 Q4 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Journal of Drug Issues

Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/00220426221107550

Gisela Bichler, Ivette Jimenez

If it is possible to overcome significant data challenges, social network analytics could be used to expose structural vulnerabilities in transnational drug smuggling operations, offering clear targets for crime control efforts that aim to disrupt transhipment. This study explores the extent to which data inclusion decisions might distort the emergent structure of nation-to-nation smuggling networks mapped with aggregate intelligence using United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) incident level seizure data (2010–2016). Bivariate exponential random graph models (ERGM) show that relaxing data inclusion standards exposes illicit backchannels (reciprocity) and a more complete picture of major transhipment activity (activity and popularity spread) than would be otherwise undetected. Relaxed data inclusion standards may help to adjust for the data limitations associated with the detection of rare events and inconsistent reporting practices, if usage rules are followed.

如果有可能克服重大的数据挑战，社交网络分析可以用来揭示跨国毒品走私活动的结构性脆弱性，为旨在破坏转运的犯罪控制工作提供明确的目标。本研究利用联合国毒品和犯罪问题办公室(UNODC)事件级缉获数据(2010-2016年)，探讨了数据纳入决策可能在多大程度上扭曲国家间走私网络的新兴结构。双变量指数随机图模型(ERGM)表明，放宽数据包含标准暴露了非法的反向通道(互惠性)，并比其他情况下未被发现的更全面地了解了主要转运活动(活动和流行传播)。如果遵循使用规则，宽松的数据包含标准可能有助于调整与检测罕见事件和不一致的报告实践相关的数据限制。

引用次数: 1

Supervisor Undermining, Social Isolation and Subordinates' Problematic Drinking: The Role of Depression and Perceived Drinking Norms. 主管破坏、社会孤立与下属问题饮酒:抑郁与饮酒知觉规范的作用

IF 1.7 4区社会学 Q4 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Journal of Drug Issues

Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2022-05-13 DOI: 10.1177/00220426221098981

Ronit Montal-Rosenberg, Peter A Bamberger, Inbal Nahum-Shani, Mo Wang, Mary Larimer, Samuel B Bacharach

Findings regarding the mechanism underlying the impact of supervisor incivility on subordinate alcohol misuse remain equivocal. Specifically, some studies indicate that stress mediates the impact of supervisor incivility on subordinate alcohol misuse, while others, find no evidence for such an effect, suggesting the need to investigate other mechanisms. Extending Conservation of Resource (COR) theory and employing a longitudinal study design, this study examines two alternative mechanisms grounded on social isolation. The first suggests drinking as a resource-mobilizing response, with social isolation eliciting the perception of more permissive injunctive drinking norms, thus facilitating problematic drinking. The second suggests problematic drinking as a mode of coping with a negative emotional state elicited by social isolation, namely depression. Findings indicate that supervisor undermining's association with subsequent subordinate problematic drinking is serially mediated by social isolation and depression, with no support found for the first mechanism. Implications for research, practice and policy are discussed.

关于上司不礼貌对下属酒精滥用影响的潜在机制的研究结果仍然模棱两可。具体来说，一些研究表明，压力介导了上级不礼貌对下属酒精滥用的影响，而另一些研究则没有发现这种影响的证据，这表明需要研究其他机制。本研究扩展了资源保护理论，并采用纵向研究设计，探讨了基于社会隔离的两种替代机制。第一项研究表明，饮酒是一种调动资源的反应，社会孤立会引发人们对更宽松的禁令性饮酒规范的看法，从而促进有问题的饮酒。第二项研究表明，酗酒是一种应对由社会孤立(即抑郁症)引发的消极情绪状态的方式。研究结果表明，上级破坏与下级问题饮酒的关联是由社会孤立和抑郁连续介导的，但没有发现第一种机制的支持。讨论了对研究、实践和政策的影响。

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引用次数: 3

Social Network Ties and Responses to COVID-19 Among E-Cigarette Users. 电子烟用户的社交网络联系和对COVID-19的反应。

IF 1.7 4区社会学 Q4 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Journal of Drug Issues

Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/00220426221107555

Brian C Kelly, Mark Pawson, Mike Vuolo

Social networks can enhance behavioral changes or entrench existing patterns of behavior. We aimed to identify how network ties to other e-cigarette users shaped responses to the pandemic and e-cigarette considerations. A national U.S. survey of 562 e-cigarette users was conducted during April 2020. Participants self-reported network ties to other e-cigarette users and pandemic outcomes: receiving expressions of concern about vaping, risk for a bad COVID outcome, changes in e-cigarette risk perceptions, and considerations of quitting. Each additional e-cigarette user tie was associated with a 0.014 unit increase in expressions of concern (p < 0.001), a 0.034 unit increase in perceived risk of a bad outcome (p < 0.05), and 3.9% higher odds of quit considerations (OR = 1.039; p < 0.01). Family ties to e-cigarette users were particularly important. Additional e-cigarette users within a network shaped risk perceptions in response to COVID-19. Network ties to other e-cigarette users have implications for cessation or reduction of e-cigarette use.

社交网络可以促进行为改变或巩固现有的行为模式。我们的目的是确定网络与其他电子烟用户的联系如何影响对大流行和电子烟考虑的反应。2020年4月，美国对562名电子烟用户进行了一项全国性调查。参与者自我报告了与其他电子烟用户的网络联系以及大流行的结果:收到对电子烟的担忧、不良结果的风险、电子烟风险认知的变化以及戒烟的考虑。每增加一根电子烟使用者，担忧表达增加0.014个单位(p < 0.001)，不良结果的感知风险增加0.034个单位(p < 0.05)，考虑戒烟的几率增加3.9% (OR = 1.039;P < 0.01)。与电子烟使用者的家庭关系尤为重要。为应对COVID-19，网络内的更多电子烟用户塑造了风险观念。与其他电子烟用户的网络联系对戒烟或减少电子烟使用有影响。

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引用次数: 0

CBD Oil as a Miracle Drug: A Thematic Analysis of Caregivers’ Attitudes and Practices Towards Cannabidiol in Dementia Treatment CBD油作为一种神奇的药物:护理人员对大麻二酚在痴呆治疗中的态度和实践的专题分析

IF 1.7 4区社会学 Q4 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Journal of Drug Issues

Pub Date : 2022-12-12 DOI: 10.1177/00220426221145019

U. Kłosińska, M. Leszko

The aim of this study was to understand caregivers of individuals with dementia attitudes toward CBD oil. Thematic analysis was conducted with 67 posts (570 comments) about CBD oil selected from a Polish online support forum for caregivers. We identified caregivers’ expectations, motivations, and practices of using CBD oil. Caregivers expected CBD to improve the behavior, cognition, communication, and daily activities of their loved ones. They motivated each other by sharing experiences about the positive effects of CBD oil and claimed to be administering CBD oil without medical advice, which led to dangerous practices such as an overnight withdrawal of all drugs or experimenting with CBD oil dosage. Caregivers perceive CBD oil as a safer and more effective treatment for those with dementia than the conventional methods. We recommend healthcare professionals inquire about possible CBD oil usage during follow-up visits and thoroughly explain what to expect from prescribed medications.

本研究的目的是了解痴呆症患者的护理人员对CBD油的态度。对从波兰护理人员在线支持论坛中选出的67篇关于CBD油的帖子(570条评论)进行了主题分析。我们确定了护理人员使用CBD油的期望、动机和实践。护理人员期望CBD能改善他们所爱的人的行为、认知、沟通和日常活动。他们通过分享CBD油的积极作用的经验来激励彼此，并声称在没有医疗建议的情况下服用CBD油，这导致了一些危险的做法，比如一夜之间停药或试验CBD油的剂量。护理人员认为CBD油比传统方法更安全、更有效地治疗痴呆症患者。我们建议医疗保健专业人员在随访期间询问可能使用的CBD油，并彻底解释处方药物的预期效果。

引用次数: 1

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全部化学•材料生命科学医学物理工程技术环境•农林材料科学地球科学法学管理学化学环境科学与生态学计算机科学教育学经济学农林科学人文科学生物学数学物理与天体物理心理学综合性期刊其他工业工程理学历史学农学文学信息工程

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Journal of Drug Issues

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