Pub Date : 2023-11-04DOI: 10.1177/00220426231212887
Benjamin Pelling, Luke Anthony Turnock
This article examines the experiences of eight mid-level drug suppliers operating in a small English city, through use of qualitative interviews. Building on the literature relating to social supply and drift into ‘real dealing’, we explore whether the mid-market for non-‘street’ drugs in this locale follows a continuation of these norms, or whether features that are prominent in recent explorations of UK drug distribution relating to increasingly aggressive marketing, and organised criminal gangs moving into markets in provincial towns, are present in the city’s market. Analysis encompasses suppliers’ experiences of ‘drift’ into commercial supply, pull factors for market involvement, approaches to marketing and customer service, ethical concerns in supply, and finally perceptions of market violence. We observe that the market, while retaining many features of social supply, nonetheless shows evidence of issues relating to emergent norms of altered distribution, notably market violence linked to establishing ‘lines’ in new locales.
{"title":"Mid-level Illicit Drug Supply in a Small English City: Sellers’ Perspectives and Experiences","authors":"Benjamin Pelling, Luke Anthony Turnock","doi":"10.1177/00220426231212887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220426231212887","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the experiences of eight mid-level drug suppliers operating in a small English city, through use of qualitative interviews. Building on the literature relating to social supply and drift into ‘real dealing’, we explore whether the mid-market for non-‘street’ drugs in this locale follows a continuation of these norms, or whether features that are prominent in recent explorations of UK drug distribution relating to increasingly aggressive marketing, and organised criminal gangs moving into markets in provincial towns, are present in the city’s market. Analysis encompasses suppliers’ experiences of ‘drift’ into commercial supply, pull factors for market involvement, approaches to marketing and customer service, ethical concerns in supply, and finally perceptions of market violence. We observe that the market, while retaining many features of social supply, nonetheless shows evidence of issues relating to emergent norms of altered distribution, notably market violence linked to establishing ‘lines’ in new locales.","PeriodicalId":15626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135773533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-03DOI: 10.1177/00220426231212567
Jessica Reichert, Kaitlin F. Martins, Bruce Taylor, Brandon del Pozo
Police officers encounter individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) during their routine work and are often called to the scene of overdoses. Despite this frequency, officer knowledge and attitudes about addiction, treatment, and harm reduction vary. Views held by officers, and the extent of their knowledge, can impact the decisions they make regarding people with OUD, yet our understanding of these factors is limited. Using stratified random sampling, we surveyed 248 officers from 27 Illinois police departments on their knowledge of addiction and the means to address it. We performed descriptive and regression analyses to examine differences based on officer characteristics. We found a high proportion of officers lacked knowledge of addiction, treatment, and harm reduction. Our findings suggest the need for police training to improve understanding of addiction. Community collaboration and coordination of resources may give officers the tools to better address OUD, reduce harm, and decrease overdose.
{"title":"Police Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs About Opioid Addiction Treatment and Harm Reduction: A Survey of Illinois Officers","authors":"Jessica Reichert, Kaitlin F. Martins, Bruce Taylor, Brandon del Pozo","doi":"10.1177/00220426231212567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220426231212567","url":null,"abstract":"Police officers encounter individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) during their routine work and are often called to the scene of overdoses. Despite this frequency, officer knowledge and attitudes about addiction, treatment, and harm reduction vary. Views held by officers, and the extent of their knowledge, can impact the decisions they make regarding people with OUD, yet our understanding of these factors is limited. Using stratified random sampling, we surveyed 248 officers from 27 Illinois police departments on their knowledge of addiction and the means to address it. We performed descriptive and regression analyses to examine differences based on officer characteristics. We found a high proportion of officers lacked knowledge of addiction, treatment, and harm reduction. Our findings suggest the need for police training to improve understanding of addiction. Community collaboration and coordination of resources may give officers the tools to better address OUD, reduce harm, and decrease overdose.","PeriodicalId":15626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135873555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-20DOI: 10.1177/00220426231208109
Kellie O’Dare, Leah Atwell
The opioid overdose epidemic is a growing concern for first responders on the front lines. Yet, limited knowledge exists regarding the psychological impacts from repeated exposure to overdose events. Using a scoping review approach, authors searched scholarly databases for a combination of related keywords including first responders, mental health, and opioid epidemic. Twenty-three (23) peer reviewed articles met criteria for inclusion. Six (6) additional non-refereed reports were also included. Frequently cited concerns included increased/unmanageable workloads, burnout, compassion fatigue, safety, negative attitudes/cynicism, cumulative/repeated exposures, and frustration with lack of resources. Several resources described proactive measures to mitigate the consequences. One such measure is a Behavioral Health Access Program (BHAP), a comprehensive, specialized program designed to address the mental health needs of first responders. Opioid settlement funding should be utilized to support the development of BHAPs in all first responder organizations to mitigate the negative mental health impacts inflicted by the epidemic.
{"title":"Reviewing the Impact of the Opioid Overdose Epidemic on the Mental Wellbeing of First Responders","authors":"Kellie O’Dare, Leah Atwell","doi":"10.1177/00220426231208109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220426231208109","url":null,"abstract":"The opioid overdose epidemic is a growing concern for first responders on the front lines. Yet, limited knowledge exists regarding the psychological impacts from repeated exposure to overdose events. Using a scoping review approach, authors searched scholarly databases for a combination of related keywords including first responders, mental health, and opioid epidemic. Twenty-three (23) peer reviewed articles met criteria for inclusion. Six (6) additional non-refereed reports were also included. Frequently cited concerns included increased/unmanageable workloads, burnout, compassion fatigue, safety, negative attitudes/cynicism, cumulative/repeated exposures, and frustration with lack of resources. Several resources described proactive measures to mitigate the consequences. One such measure is a Behavioral Health Access Program (BHAP), a comprehensive, specialized program designed to address the mental health needs of first responders. Opioid settlement funding should be utilized to support the development of BHAPs in all first responder organizations to mitigate the negative mental health impacts inflicted by the epidemic.","PeriodicalId":15626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135618858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-18DOI: 10.1177/00220426231207779
Michael S. Dunn, Madison A. Klump
This study sought to assess the relationship of risk perception of weekly marijuana use and the influence of parental, peer, and school factors as predictors among U.S. adolescents. Data for this study was derived from the 2020 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Students who reported strong parental involvement/support, peer disapproval of marijuana use, low perception of peer use, and enjoyed school were more likely to report that using marijuana weekly was a risk behavior. Students who reported no lifetime alcohol or illicit drug use were more likely to view weekly marijuana use as a risk behavior. Differences were also observed for sex of respondent. This study further adds evidence of the influence of parental, peer, and school factors as effective strategies to control adolescent marijuana use. There is a need for multidimensional programs that target adolescents’ perceptions of risk of marijuana use, as well as targeting significant others.
{"title":"Perceived Risk of Weekly Marijuana Use Among Students Participating in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health","authors":"Michael S. Dunn, Madison A. Klump","doi":"10.1177/00220426231207779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220426231207779","url":null,"abstract":"This study sought to assess the relationship of risk perception of weekly marijuana use and the influence of parental, peer, and school factors as predictors among U.S. adolescents. Data for this study was derived from the 2020 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Students who reported strong parental involvement/support, peer disapproval of marijuana use, low perception of peer use, and enjoyed school were more likely to report that using marijuana weekly was a risk behavior. Students who reported no lifetime alcohol or illicit drug use were more likely to view weekly marijuana use as a risk behavior. Differences were also observed for sex of respondent. This study further adds evidence of the influence of parental, peer, and school factors as effective strategies to control adolescent marijuana use. There is a need for multidimensional programs that target adolescents’ perceptions of risk of marijuana use, as well as targeting significant others.","PeriodicalId":15626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135884746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-11DOI: 10.1177/00220426231204841
Morica Hutchison, Beth S. Russell, Abigail Leander, Nathaniel Rickles, Derek Aguiar, Xiaomei S. Cong, Ofer Harel, Adrian V. Hernandez
Adherence to and retention in Medication Treatment for Opioid Use Disorders (MOUD) persist. We systematically reviewed trends of USA MOUD adherence, retention, and barriers from 2011–2021. Primary outcomes were adherence to and retention in MOUD, abstinence, adverse events, and treatment barriers. Effects of inverse variance random meta-analyses were examined using proportions and 95% CIs. 28 studies (102,318 patients), 78.1% male. Adherence was 56% across all studies, highest for methadone (73%). Retention by study design was heterogeneous: case series (57%), cohorts (47%), and RCTs (70%). The most common barriers were younger age, comorbid diagnoses, daily attendance, no insurance, and transportation. Abstinence was 72%, and adverse events was 5%. There was high heterogeneity in MOUD across drug types and study designs. Our findings extend the knowledge base of MOUD treatment to describe barriers that underpin the focus on retention in care above adherence given its focus to harm reduction principles.
{"title":"Trends and Barriers of Medication Treatment for Opioid Use Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Morica Hutchison, Beth S. Russell, Abigail Leander, Nathaniel Rickles, Derek Aguiar, Xiaomei S. Cong, Ofer Harel, Adrian V. Hernandez","doi":"10.1177/00220426231204841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220426231204841","url":null,"abstract":"Adherence to and retention in Medication Treatment for Opioid Use Disorders (MOUD) persist. We systematically reviewed trends of USA MOUD adherence, retention, and barriers from 2011–2021. Primary outcomes were adherence to and retention in MOUD, abstinence, adverse events, and treatment barriers. Effects of inverse variance random meta-analyses were examined using proportions and 95% CIs. 28 studies (102,318 patients), 78.1% male. Adherence was 56% across all studies, highest for methadone (73%). Retention by study design was heterogeneous: case series (57%), cohorts (47%), and RCTs (70%). The most common barriers were younger age, comorbid diagnoses, daily attendance, no insurance, and transportation. Abstinence was 72%, and adverse events was 5%. There was high heterogeneity in MOUD across drug types and study designs. Our findings extend the knowledge base of MOUD treatment to describe barriers that underpin the focus on retention in care above adherence given its focus to harm reduction principles.","PeriodicalId":15626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136057477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-10DOI: 10.1177/00220426231205523
Sophia De Seranno, Charlotte Colman
Organised crime groups prefer existing ties, such as family and friendship, to maximise trust. However, they might also win from a certain degree of heterogeneity. External individuals might add value in the form of skills, expertise or money. Accordingly, including suitable co-offenders is an important activity for the organised crime group. This article studies the entry mechanisms of individuals into the synthetic drugs market in Belgium, namely by gaining insight into the factors and mechanisms introducing people into this market. Interviews with 29 inmates detained for their involvement in the production and/or trafficking of synthetic drugs in Belgium revealed that: (1) poly drug supply markets exist in Belgium; (2) financial reasons to enter the market are common; and (3) there are six different entry mechanisms, in which trust is crucial, namely criminal family ties, criminal friends, drug use, earlier time in prison, outlaw motorcycle gang membership, and criminal professional ties.
{"title":"Entry Mechanisms into the Belgian Synthetic Drugs Market","authors":"Sophia De Seranno, Charlotte Colman","doi":"10.1177/00220426231205523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220426231205523","url":null,"abstract":"Organised crime groups prefer existing ties, such as family and friendship, to maximise trust. However, they might also win from a certain degree of heterogeneity. External individuals might add value in the form of skills, expertise or money. Accordingly, including suitable co-offenders is an important activity for the organised crime group. This article studies the entry mechanisms of individuals into the synthetic drugs market in Belgium, namely by gaining insight into the factors and mechanisms introducing people into this market. Interviews with 29 inmates detained for their involvement in the production and/or trafficking of synthetic drugs in Belgium revealed that: (1) poly drug supply markets exist in Belgium; (2) financial reasons to enter the market are common; and (3) there are six different entry mechanisms, in which trust is crucial, namely criminal family ties, criminal friends, drug use, earlier time in prison, outlaw motorcycle gang membership, and criminal professional ties.","PeriodicalId":15626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136294251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-05DOI: 10.1177/00220426231205520
Adrienne N. Thornton, Amy L. MacQuarrie, Caroline Brunelle
Safer supply programs (SSPs) are harm reduction services where people who use drugs can access regulated pharmaceutical drugs (e.g., hydromorphone). Public attitudes, and factors that influence attitudes towards SSPs must be considered as they impact policy and funding decisions. A total of 384 participants were recruited from the community ( n = 160, 41.7%) and an Atlantic Canadian University ( n = 224, 58.3%) to complete an online survey. The majority of the sample was supportive of SSPs ( n = 316, 82.3%). Being of European origin, a younger age, identifying as female, displaying higher levels of Openness to Experience, and reporting less stigma towards people who use drugs were predictive of more positive attitudes towards SSPs. Openness to Experience mediated the relationship between stigma levels and attitudes towards SSPs. The findings of the current study suggest that when developing public awareness campaigns, considering the impact of demographic and psychological factors is important.
{"title":"Factors Influencing Attitudes Towards Safer Supply Programs for People Who Use Drugs: Findings From an Atlantic Canadian Province","authors":"Adrienne N. Thornton, Amy L. MacQuarrie, Caroline Brunelle","doi":"10.1177/00220426231205520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220426231205520","url":null,"abstract":"Safer supply programs (SSPs) are harm reduction services where people who use drugs can access regulated pharmaceutical drugs (e.g., hydromorphone). Public attitudes, and factors that influence attitudes towards SSPs must be considered as they impact policy and funding decisions. A total of 384 participants were recruited from the community ( n = 160, 41.7%) and an Atlantic Canadian University ( n = 224, 58.3%) to complete an online survey. The majority of the sample was supportive of SSPs ( n = 316, 82.3%). Being of European origin, a younger age, identifying as female, displaying higher levels of Openness to Experience, and reporting less stigma towards people who use drugs were predictive of more positive attitudes towards SSPs. Openness to Experience mediated the relationship between stigma levels and attitudes towards SSPs. The findings of the current study suggest that when developing public awareness campaigns, considering the impact of demographic and psychological factors is important.","PeriodicalId":15626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135482286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-04DOI: 10.1177/00220426231205797
Robert W. Glover, Karyn Sporer
There is growing recognition that our decades-long “war on drugs” has not only been a policy failure but has made our societal drug crisis worse. This is painfully evident in our response to the opioid epidemic. Efforts at comprehensive policy reform are likely to emerge first at the state and local levels. We collaborated with policy advocates and practitioners to study policy perspectives of registered Maine voters, and to investigate determinants of receptivity to drug policy reforms rooted in decriminalization and harm reduction. Our results suggest that while political ideology still impacts one’s perspective on these issues, increased exposure to those with substance use disorder reduces stigma, resulting in increasingly broad, bipartisan support for policy reform. We conclude with a discussion on how policymakers addressing overdose and substance use disorder at the state and local level should consider implementing and funding evidence-based alternative approaches such as decriminalization and harm reduction.
{"title":"Assessing Determinants of Shifting Attitudes on Drug Policy Reform in Maine","authors":"Robert W. Glover, Karyn Sporer","doi":"10.1177/00220426231205797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220426231205797","url":null,"abstract":"There is growing recognition that our decades-long “war on drugs” has not only been a policy failure but has made our societal drug crisis worse. This is painfully evident in our response to the opioid epidemic. Efforts at comprehensive policy reform are likely to emerge first at the state and local levels. We collaborated with policy advocates and practitioners to study policy perspectives of registered Maine voters, and to investigate determinants of receptivity to drug policy reforms rooted in decriminalization and harm reduction. Our results suggest that while political ideology still impacts one’s perspective on these issues, increased exposure to those with substance use disorder reduces stigma, resulting in increasingly broad, bipartisan support for policy reform. We conclude with a discussion on how policymakers addressing overdose and substance use disorder at the state and local level should consider implementing and funding evidence-based alternative approaches such as decriminalization and harm reduction.","PeriodicalId":15626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135591040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01Epub Date: 2022-11-12DOI: 10.1177/00220426221139423
Enya B Vroom, Micah E Johnson, Zahra Akbari, Zachary Frederick, Skye C Bristol
Justice-involved adolescents (JIAs) have an increased risk for opioid use disorder and overdose related to opioid misuse (OM). Consequences of untreated OM include recidivism and poor educational outcomes, which can be harsher for female JIA. Therefore, identifying relevant factors and settings that reduce the risk for OM is critical. Schools are a central institution in adolescent development. Drawing on social control theory, JIA with higher levels of school bonding was hypothesized to attenuate risk for OM. Cross-sectional data on 79,960 JIA from the Florida Department of Juvenile Justice were examined. Multivariate and stratified logistic regression analyses were employed. On average, for every one-unit increase in school bonding, JIA had 22%, female JIA had 23%, and male JIA had 22% lower odds of OM. Results suggest school bonding and the school context should be considered in treatment and how this setting may impact OM intervention outcomes among JIA.
{"title":"Examining Gender Differences in the Relationship Between School Bonding and Opioid Misuse Among Justice-Involved Adolescents.","authors":"Enya B Vroom, Micah E Johnson, Zahra Akbari, Zachary Frederick, Skye C Bristol","doi":"10.1177/00220426221139423","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00220426221139423","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Justice-involved adolescents (JIAs) have an increased risk for opioid use disorder and overdose related to opioid misuse (OM). Consequences of untreated OM include recidivism and poor educational outcomes, which can be harsher for female JIA. Therefore, identifying relevant factors and settings that reduce the risk for OM is critical. Schools are a central institution in adolescent development. Drawing on social control theory, JIA with higher levels of school bonding was hypothesized to attenuate risk for OM. Cross-sectional data on 79,960 JIA from the Florida Department of Juvenile Justice were examined. Multivariate and stratified logistic regression analyses were employed. On average, for every one-unit increase in school bonding, JIA had 22%, female JIA had 23%, and male JIA had 22% lower odds of OM. Results suggest school bonding and the school context should be considered in treatment and how this setting may impact OM intervention outcomes among JIA.</p>","PeriodicalId":15626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10691556/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47624714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.1177/00220426221138229
David M. Yaskewich
As several US states have legalized recreational marijuana over the past decade, local approval of commercial marijuana activities has faced opposition in a non-negligible share of communities. A common provision in state laws often grants local governments the authority to prohibit marijuana businesses from locating within their jurisdictions. This paper analyzed determinants of local government policies in New York State following the legalization of recreational marijuana in 2021. A key feature of New York’s law authorized municipal governments to pass an “opt-out” ordinance prohibiting marijuana retail stores, on-site consumption establishments, or both. Based on results from multilevel logistic regression models, the likelihood of allowing commercial marijuana activities was higher for local governments representing communities with larger Black populations, fewer evangelical Protestants, and lower levels of household income. While slightly more municipalities prohibited on-site consumption, determinants of opt-out decisions were similar for both retail and consumption businesses.
{"title":"Local Prohibitions on Marijuana Businesses With On-Site Consumption: Evidence from New York State","authors":"David M. Yaskewich","doi":"10.1177/00220426221138229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220426221138229","url":null,"abstract":"As several US states have legalized recreational marijuana over the past decade, local approval of commercial marijuana activities has faced opposition in a non-negligible share of communities. A common provision in state laws often grants local governments the authority to prohibit marijuana businesses from locating within their jurisdictions. This paper analyzed determinants of local government policies in New York State following the legalization of recreational marijuana in 2021. A key feature of New York’s law authorized municipal governments to pass an “opt-out” ordinance prohibiting marijuana retail stores, on-site consumption establishments, or both. Based on results from multilevel logistic regression models, the likelihood of allowing commercial marijuana activities was higher for local governments representing communities with larger Black populations, fewer evangelical Protestants, and lower levels of household income. While slightly more municipalities prohibited on-site consumption, determinants of opt-out decisions were similar for both retail and consumption businesses.","PeriodicalId":15626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Issues","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44041280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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