Journal of Drug Issues最新文献

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Pandemic Procedures: Adapting Problem-Solving Court (PSC) Operations and Treatment Protocols During COVID-19. 流行病程序：在新冠肺炎期间调整问题解决法庭（PSC）操作和治疗方案

IF 1.2 4区社会学 Q4 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Journal of Drug Issues

Pub Date : 2023-07-01 Epub Date: 2022-10-12 DOI: 10.1177/00220426221133037

Lindsay R Smith, Fanni Faragó, James C Witte, Thomas Blue, Michael S Gordon, Faye S Taxman

With an ongoing pandemic claiming hundreds of lives a day, it is unclear how COVID-19 has affected court operations, particularly problem-solving courts (PSCs) which have goals rooted in rehabilitation for participants in their programs. Even with practical recommendations from national organizations directing courts on how to manage COVID-19, whether and how PSCs met the needs of PSC participants during this time is underexplored. This study, drawn from a larger national study using a survey of PSC coordinators, examines the COVID-19 responses of PSCs to remain safely operational for participants. A sub-sample of survey respondents (n = 82 PSC coordinators) detailed how the COVID-19 pandemic led to changes to their court and treatment operations amidst the constraints of the pandemic. The courts' shifts in policy and practice have important impacts for court participants' treatment retention and success in the PSC program, and these shifts need more in-depth research in the future.

随着一场持续的大流行病每天夺走数百人的生命，尚不清楚新冠肺炎如何影响法院的运作，尤其是解决问题的法院（PSC），这些法院的目标植根于项目参与者的康复。即使国家组织就如何管理新冠肺炎向法院提出了切实可行的建议，PSC在此期间是否以及如何满足PSC参与者的需求仍有待进一步探讨。这项研究来自一项更大规模的国家研究，使用PSC协调员的调查，研究了PSC对新冠肺炎的反应，以保持参与者的安全运行。调查受访者的子样本（n=82名PSC协调员）详细说明了新冠肺炎大流行如何在大流行的限制下导致他们的法院和治疗操作发生变化。法院在政策和实践方面的转变对法院参与者在PSC计划中的治疗保留和成功具有重要影响，这些转变需要在未来进行更深入的研究。

引用次数: 0

COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake and Attitudes Within Two Cohorts of Younger Adult Cannabis Users. 新冠肺炎疫苗接种情况和两组年轻成年大麻使用者的态度

IF 1.7 4区社会学 Q4 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Journal of Drug Issues

Pub Date : 2023-07-01 Epub Date: 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1177/00220426221131488

Ekaterina V Fedorova, Carolyn F Wong, Bridgid M Conn, Janna Ataiants, Stephen E Lankenau

It is crucial to understand COVID-19 vaccine uptake and attitudes among young adult cannabis users given the lowest vaccination rates among young adults and negative association between cannabis use and willingness to get vaccinated. 18-21-year-old and 26-33-year-old cohorts of cannabis users, recruited in California, were surveyed about the COVID-19 vaccine uptake/attitudes between March-August 2021. Cannabis use/demographic differences were investigated by vaccination status. Vaccine attitudes data were categorized and presented descriptively. 44.4% of the older and 71.8% of the younger cohorts were vaccinated. Non-Hispanic Black/African American race/ethnicity, lack of health insurance, and medicinal orientation towards cannabis use were negatively associated with vaccine receipt within the older cohort. For both cohorts, top reasons for vaccine hesitancy and rejection were concerns about speed of development, potential side effects, natural immunity, and lack of trust of vaccines. Our results highlight greater vaccine hesitance/rejection and need for targeted interventions among mid-20's-early-30's cannabis users.

鉴于年轻人的疫苗接种率最低，并且大麻使用与接种疫苗意愿之间存在负相关关系，了解年轻成年大麻使用者的COVID-19疫苗接种情况和态度至关重要。在2021年3月至8月期间，对在加利福尼亚州招募的18 - 21岁和26 - 33岁的大麻使用者进行了关于COVID-19疫苗接种/态度的调查。通过疫苗接种状况调查大麻使用/人口统计学差异。对疫苗态度数据进行分类并进行描述。44.4%的老年人和71.8%的年轻人接种了疫苗。非西班牙裔黑人/非洲裔美国人的种族/族裔、缺乏医疗保险和使用大麻的医疗倾向与老年队列中的疫苗接种呈负相关。对于这两组人群来说，疫苗犹豫和排斥的主要原因是对开发速度、潜在副作用、天然免疫力和对疫苗缺乏信任的担忧。我们的研究结果强调，在20岁至30岁出头的大麻使用者中，更大的疫苗犹豫/排斥和有针对性的干预需求。

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引用次数: 0

Experiences Administering Naloxone Among People in Different Social Roles: People Who Use Opioids and Family Members and Friends. 不同社会角色人群服用纳洛酮的经验：使用阿片类药物的人群、家人和朋友。

IF 1.2 4区社会学 Q4 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Journal of Drug Issues

Pub Date : 2023-07-01 Epub Date: 2022-10-13 DOI: 10.1177/00220426221133024

Adelya A Urmanche, Alex Harocopos

Unintentional drug overdose deaths continue to be a critical public health issue. Naloxone, a nonscheduled, safe, and effective drug that reverses opioid-involved overdoses is available to non-medically trained individuals ("lay people"), but there is scant information about how people in different social roles experience naloxone administration. We conducted 24 in-depth interviews with people who use opioids (PWUO; n = 15) and family members and friends of people who use opioids (FF; n = 9) who had administered naloxone in response to an opioid overdose. Compared with PWUO, members of the FF group were less reticent to administer naloxone in response to an overdose. PWUO and FF had different perspectives of law enforcement and demonstrated varied knowledge of the Good Samaritan Law. While PWUO found that having and administering naloxone was empowering, FF took a more pragmatic approach, reporting the need for naloxone as an unfortunate reality of their loved one's drug use.

非故意药物过量致死仍然是一个重要的公共卫生问题。纳洛酮是一种非处方、安全有效的药物，可逆转阿片类药物过量使用，非医学培训人员（“非专业人员”）可以使用，但关于不同社会角色的人如何使用纳洛酮的信息很少。我们对使用阿片类药物的人（PWUO；n=15）以及使用阿片样药物的人的家人和朋友（FF；n=9）进行了24次深入采访，这些人因阿片类过量服用纳洛酮。与PWUO相比，FF组的成员对过量服用纳洛酮的反应不那么沉默。PWUO和FF对执法有不同的看法，对《好心人法》有不同的了解。虽然PWUO发现拥有和服用纳洛酮是一种赋权，但FF采取了更务实的方法，报告称对纳洛酮的需求是他们所爱的人吸毒的不幸现实。

引用次数: 0

Using Cannabis to Cope With Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder After Sexual Assault: Toward a Phenomenological Understanding 使用大麻来应对性侵犯后的创伤后应激障碍:对现象学的理解

IF 1.7 4区社会学 Q4 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Journal of Drug Issues

Pub Date : 2023-06-21 DOI: 10.1177/00220426231185504

Noa Talshir, Maya Lavie-Ajayi

In recent years, cannabis use by people suffering from PTSD, as a means of alleviating their symptoms, has increased. Nonetheless, scant research has examined the lived experience of women who use cannabis to cope with PTSD. Eight semi-structured interviews with Israeli women who use cannabis to cope with PTSD were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). The results of this research highlight the utility of cannabis for women coping with symptoms of PTSD, and the advantages of cannabis over other medications. Nevertheless, the main challenge with cannabis use in the context of PTSD is the feeling of detachment that it engenders. This feeling of detachment helps women to manage symptoms when they become unbearable but can also reduce their ability to be fully present in their relationships and everyday life, and increase feelings of self-alienation and helplessness.

近年来，患有创伤后应激障碍的人使用大麻作为减轻其症状的一种手段有所增加。然而，很少有研究调查了使用大麻来应对创伤后应激障碍的女性的生活经历。采用解释现象学分析(IPA)对使用大麻应对创伤后应激障碍的以色列妇女进行了8次半结构化访谈。这项研究的结果强调了大麻对女性应对创伤后应激障碍症状的效用，以及大麻比其他药物的优势。然而，在创伤后应激障碍的情况下使用大麻的主要挑战是它所产生的超然感。这种疏离感有助于女性在症状变得无法忍受时控制症状，但也会降低她们在人际关系和日常生活中充分存在的能力，并增加自我疏离和无助的感觉。

引用次数: 1

Understanding Heavy Drinking Practices and Alcohol-Related Harms: The Lived Experience of Nigerian Adolescents and Young Adults 了解酗酒行为和酒精相关危害：尼日利亚青少年的生活经验

IF 1.7 4区社会学 Q4 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Journal of Drug Issues

Pub Date : 2023-06-12 DOI: 10.1177/00220426231184151

Emeka W. Dumbili, M. Swahn

Many young people in Western countries are abstaining from alcohol consumption, but their Nigerian counterparts are adopting lifestyles that valorize alcohol use and heavy drinking rituals. This study explored heavy drinking practices and alcohol-related harms among young Nigerians (students and nonstudents) who use alcohol. Although participants were highly knowledgeable about the harms associated with heavy drinking, they reported heavy drinking and normalized intoxication. Most participants consumed between 3 and 12 bottles of beer, stout and other alcoholic beverages on a single occasion and suffered multiple incidents of intoxication and loss of control with adverse outcomes. Many participants suffered more than one health-related consequence, like vomiting, hangovers, and abdominal pain, while others fell sick, which incapacitated them for many days/weeks. Heavy drinking and intoxication also adversely impacted training and studies, as some participants could not go to work or attend lectures as planned. The findings highlighted the need for prevention and intervention strategies that seek to reduce heavy drinking and associated harms by targeting the social norms around heavy drinking specifically. Lessons learned in regions with youth drinking decline may inform public health strategies that can be implemented in Nigeria.

西方国家的许多年轻人正在戒酒，但尼日利亚的年轻人正在采取重视饮酒和酗酒仪式的生活方式。这项研究探讨了尼日利亚年轻人（学生和非学生）酗酒行为和与酒精相关的危害。尽管参与者对大量饮酒的危害非常了解，但他们报告了大量饮酒和正常中毒。大多数参与者一次性饮用3至12瓶啤酒、烈性酒和其他酒精饮料，并发生多起中毒和失控事件，产生不良后果。许多参与者遭受了不止一种与健康相关的后果，如呕吐、宿醉和腹痛，而其他人则生病了，这使他们丧失了数天/数周的能力。酗酒和醉酒也对培训和学习产生了不利影响，因为一些参与者无法按计划上班或参加讲座。研究结果强调了预防和干预策略的必要性，这些策略旨在通过专门针对酗酒的社会规范来减少酗酒及其相关危害。青年饮酒量下降地区的经验教训可以为尼日利亚实施的公共卫生战略提供信息。

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引用次数: 0

A Comparison of HIV Knowledge, Sex Risk Reduction, HIV Services & Testing, and Risk Reduction Skills in the WaySafe and StaySafe Interventions WaySafe和StaySafe干预中HIV知识、性风险降低、HIV服务和检测以及风险降低技能的比较

IF 1.7 4区社会学 Q4 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Journal of Drug Issues

Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1177/00220426231180109

G. Joe, Thomas B. Sease, Wayne E K Lehman, Jennifer Pankow, K. Knight

Justice-involved people with substance use disorders are an at-risk population for health risk behaviors, particularly those related to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted infections. Risk-reduction programs provide correctional agencies with a practical solution in to reducing HIV-related health risks in justice-involved populations. This study compared two interventions (in-prison, group-based WaySafe with self-adminstered, tablet-based StaySafe for people on probation) to determine whether one intervention was more effective than the other in terms of common outcomes. Multi-level analyses compared effect sizes from outcome studies testing WaySafe and StaySafe. Results showed the interventions had similar effects with regard to measures of HIV Knowledge, HIV Services and Testing, and Risk Reduction Skills. Collectively, this study suggests the StaySafe intervention can be used in situations where the more intensive WaySafe intervention is not feasible and affords correctional agencies the flexibility to implement the curriculum that best meets their organization’s goals and needs.

涉及司法的物质使用障碍患者是健康风险行为的高危人群，特别是与人类免疫缺陷病毒(艾滋病毒)和其他性传播感染有关的行为。减少风险方案为惩教机构提供了一个切实可行的解决方案，以减少与司法有关的人群中与艾滋病毒有关的健康风险。这项研究比较了两种干预措施(在监狱中，基于小组的WaySafe和自我管理的，基于平板电脑的StaySafe，用于缓刑人员)，以确定一种干预措施是否比另一种干预措施更有效。多层次分析比较了测试WaySafe和StaySafe的结果研究的效应大小。结果表明，干预措施在艾滋病毒知识、艾滋病毒服务和检测以及降低风险技能方面具有相似的效果。总的来说，这项研究表明，在更密集的WaySafe干预措施不可行的情况下，可以使用StaySafe干预措施，并为惩教机构提供灵活性，以实施最能满足其组织目标和需求的课程。

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引用次数: 0

The Ambiguous Nature of Contextual Dynamics During Drug Addiction Recovery: A Qualitative Study of Personal Narratives 戒毒过程中语境动态的模糊性——对个人叙述的定性研究

IF 1.7 4区社会学 Q4 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Journal of Drug Issues

Pub Date : 2023-05-31 DOI: 10.1177/00220426231179381

L. Bellaert, C. De Ruysscher, T. Martinelli, F. Vander Laenen, D. Sinclair, W. Vanderplasschen

The concept of recovery has emerged as a prominent paradigm to understand processes of change in individuals with substance use problems. To date, most studies have focused on personal recovery as the key driving force of recovery journeys, generally individualizing the often-disabling social realities that persons in recovery face. To counterbalance this bias, this paper focuses on the contextual dynamics at stake during recovery processes, based on the lived experiences of 30 persons in drug addiction recovery in Flanders (Belgium). A Lifeline Interview Method was applied to elicit recovery narratives, which were thematically analysed. We found that interpersonal relationships, enabling and disabling places, and socio-economic factors facilitate or impede recovery in meaningful ways. The findings also show how these diverse contextual dimensions are interrelated and ambiguous. Researchers, policymakers, and treatment providers should acknowledge the relational nature of recovery and the invalidating impact of stigma across the three identified contextual levels.

康复概念已成为理解有药物使用问题的个人变化过程的一个突出范式。迄今为止，大多数研究都将个人康复作为康复之旅的关键驱动力，通常将康复者面临的往往致残的社会现实个人化。为了抵消这种偏见，本文基于佛兰德斯（比利时）30名吸毒成瘾康复者的生活经历，重点关注康复过程中的情境动态。采用生命线访谈法引出康复故事，并对其进行主题分析。我们发现，人际关系、有利和不利的场所以及社会经济因素以有意义的方式促进或阻碍了康复。研究结果还表明，这些不同的语境维度是如何相互关联和模糊的。研究人员、政策制定者和治疗提供者应该认识到康复的关系性质，以及污名化在三个确定的背景层面上的无效影响。

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引用次数: 0

Neurocognitive Functions in Opioid Dependence: Comparisons Between Opioid Categories 阿片类药物依赖的神经认知功能:阿片类药物类别的比较

4区社会学 Q4 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Journal of Drug Issues

Pub Date : 2023-05-30 DOI: 10.1177/00220426231179208

Abhishek Ghosh, Alka Shaktan, Abhishek Verma, Ritu Nehra, Debasish Basu, Devender K Rana, Chirag K Ahuja, Manish Modi, Paramjit Singh

We examined the differences in neurocognitive functions in individuals dependent on heroin ( n = 120), pharmaceutical ( n = 52), and natural opioids ( n = 66) and compared with healthy controls (HC, n = 94). We estimated independent effects of the opioid groups on cognitive tests, adjusted for effect modifiers. Pharmaceutical opioid dependent group performed worse than HC in Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in conceptual level response and trials to complete first category. Pharmaceutical and heroin groups had higher error scores than HC in verbal and visual N-Back Tests (NBTs). There was no significant difference between pharmaceutical and heroin groups, but both had higher error scores than the natural opioid users in NBTs. Time to complete Trail Making- A test was higher in pharmaceutical than in natural opioid group. The natural opioid group required more trials than HC to complete the first category. Pharmaceutical opioid group had worst cognitive impairment. Cognitive functions are relatively spared in natural opioid-dependent group.

我们检测了依赖海洛因(n = 120)、药物(n = 52)和天然阿片类药物(n = 66)的个体在神经认知功能上的差异，并与健康对照(HC, n = 94)进行了比较。我们估计了阿片类药物组对认知测试的独立影响，并根据影响调节剂进行了调整。药物类阿片依赖组在威斯康星卡片分类测验的概念水平反应和完成第一类的试验中表现差于HC。药物组和海洛因组在言语和视觉N-Back测试中的错误得分高于HC组。药物组和海洛因组之间的错误评分没有显著差异，但两者的错误评分都高于天然阿片类药物使用者。完成Trail Making- A测试的时间，药物组高于天然阿片类药物组。天然阿片类药物组比HC需要更多的试验来完成第一类。阿片类药物组认知功能障碍最严重。天然阿片类药物依赖组的认知功能相对完好。

引用次数: 0

Alcohol Use Disorder Among Textile Workers: Evidence from Ethiopia 纺织工人的酒精使用障碍：来自埃塞俄比亚的证据

IF 1.7 4区社会学 Q4 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Journal of Drug Issues

Pub Date : 2023-05-29 DOI: 10.1177/00220426231180123

Habte Belete, Tilahun Belete, Samuel B. Bacharach, Kathleen A. Briggs, Peter A. Bamberger

Little is known about its prevalence of Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) and its work-based etiology among employed adults in developing countries. To address this knowledge gap, we surveyed a total of 423 Ethiopian textile workers (of whom 313 were non-abstaining) assessing AUD. Using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test or “AUDIT” and categorizing an AUD as any AUDIT score of 16 or greater, the prevalence of AUD was estimated at 4.3% among overall participants and 5.8% among non-abstainers. Logistic regression analysis identified younger age, work-related disability, and stress as significantly associated with AUD. Given the link between these potential work-related risk factors and AUD, the findings suggest that alcohol use prevention programs such as peer-led counseling and/or Employment Assistance Programs, along with brief interventions, may be useful in addressing potential AUD risk factors, reducing AUD prevalence and associated sequaelae, and treating workers with AUD in developing countries.

在发展中国家的成年就业者中，人们对酒精使用障碍(AUD)的患病率及其基于工作的病因知之甚少。为了解决这一知识差距，我们调查了总共423名埃塞俄比亚纺织工人(其中313人没有弃权)评估澳元。使用酒精使用障碍识别测试或“审计”并将AUD分类为审计得分为16或更高的任何AUD，估计AUD的患病率在所有参与者中为4.3%，在非戒酒者中为5.8%。Logistic回归分析发现，年龄较小、与工作有关的残疾和压力与AUD显著相关。鉴于这些潜在的与工作相关的风险因素与AUD之间的联系，研究结果表明，酒精使用预防计划，如同伴主导的咨询和/或就业援助计划，以及简短的干预措施，可能有助于解决潜在的AUD风险因素，减少AUD患病率和相关的后遗症，并治疗发展中国家的AUD工人。

引用次数: 0

Individual and Community Characteristics of the Opioid Crisis in West Virginia 西弗吉尼亚州阿片类药物危机的个人和社区特征

IF 1.7 4区社会学 Q4 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Journal of Drug Issues

Pub Date : 2023-05-26 DOI: 10.1177/00220426231179211

Collin D. Hodges, H. Stephens, C. Sedney

In this paper we examine the changing demographics of overdose deaths in West Virginia based upon death certificate and economic data in West Virginia for the years 2001–2016. During the period under study, opioid overdose deaths accounted for 7% of deaths overall, and a significant number of premature deaths. Those affected were an average of 41 years old and were more likely to be unmarried and less than college educated. Eighty percent were employed at the time of death and individual employment in specific industries was associated with an increased risk of opioid overdose death. Previous state and national level policies attempting to address the opioid crisis may have lagged behind the data trends for this time period and thus been less effectual. Future policies intended to ameliorate the harms associated with the opioid crisis should reflect current data trends to help the communities and individuals at high risk for overdose death.

在本文中，我们根据2001-2016年西弗吉尼亚州的死亡证明和经济数据，研究了西弗吉尼亚州过量死亡的人口统计变化。在本研究期间，阿片类药物过量死亡占总死亡人数的7%，其中有大量过早死亡。受影响的人平均年龄为41岁，未婚和大学教育程度较低的比例更高。80%的人在死亡时就业，特定行业的个人就业与阿片类药物过量死亡的风险增加有关。以前试图解决阿片类药物危机的州和国家一级政策可能落后于这一时期的数据趋势，因此效果较差。旨在改善与阿片类药物危机相关危害的未来政策应反映当前的数据趋势，以帮助处于过量死亡高风险的社区和个人。

引用次数: 0

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