Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1177/00220426231180109
G. Joe, Thomas B. Sease, Wayne E K Lehman, Jennifer Pankow, K. Knight
Justice-involved people with substance use disorders are an at-risk population for health risk behaviors, particularly those related to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted infections. Risk-reduction programs provide correctional agencies with a practical solution in to reducing HIV-related health risks in justice-involved populations. This study compared two interventions (in-prison, group-based WaySafe with self-adminstered, tablet-based StaySafe for people on probation) to determine whether one intervention was more effective than the other in terms of common outcomes. Multi-level analyses compared effect sizes from outcome studies testing WaySafe and StaySafe. Results showed the interventions had similar effects with regard to measures of HIV Knowledge, HIV Services and Testing, and Risk Reduction Skills. Collectively, this study suggests the StaySafe intervention can be used in situations where the more intensive WaySafe intervention is not feasible and affords correctional agencies the flexibility to implement the curriculum that best meets their organization’s goals and needs.
{"title":"A Comparison of HIV Knowledge, Sex Risk Reduction, HIV Services & Testing, and Risk Reduction Skills in the WaySafe and StaySafe Interventions","authors":"G. Joe, Thomas B. Sease, Wayne E K Lehman, Jennifer Pankow, K. Knight","doi":"10.1177/00220426231180109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220426231180109","url":null,"abstract":"Justice-involved people with substance use disorders are an at-risk population for health risk behaviors, particularly those related to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted infections. Risk-reduction programs provide correctional agencies with a practical solution in to reducing HIV-related health risks in justice-involved populations. This study compared two interventions (in-prison, group-based WaySafe with self-adminstered, tablet-based StaySafe for people on probation) to determine whether one intervention was more effective than the other in terms of common outcomes. Multi-level analyses compared effect sizes from outcome studies testing WaySafe and StaySafe. Results showed the interventions had similar effects with regard to measures of HIV Knowledge, HIV Services and Testing, and Risk Reduction Skills. Collectively, this study suggests the StaySafe intervention can be used in situations where the more intensive WaySafe intervention is not feasible and affords correctional agencies the flexibility to implement the curriculum that best meets their organization’s goals and needs.","PeriodicalId":15626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Issues","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48547132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.1177/00220426231179381
L. Bellaert, C. De Ruysscher, T. Martinelli, F. Vander Laenen, D. Sinclair, W. Vanderplasschen
The concept of recovery has emerged as a prominent paradigm to understand processes of change in individuals with substance use problems. To date, most studies have focused on personal recovery as the key driving force of recovery journeys, generally individualizing the often-disabling social realities that persons in recovery face. To counterbalance this bias, this paper focuses on the contextual dynamics at stake during recovery processes, based on the lived experiences of 30 persons in drug addiction recovery in Flanders (Belgium). A Lifeline Interview Method was applied to elicit recovery narratives, which were thematically analysed. We found that interpersonal relationships, enabling and disabling places, and socio-economic factors facilitate or impede recovery in meaningful ways. The findings also show how these diverse contextual dimensions are interrelated and ambiguous. Researchers, policymakers, and treatment providers should acknowledge the relational nature of recovery and the invalidating impact of stigma across the three identified contextual levels.
{"title":"The Ambiguous Nature of Contextual Dynamics During Drug Addiction Recovery: A Qualitative Study of Personal Narratives","authors":"L. Bellaert, C. De Ruysscher, T. Martinelli, F. Vander Laenen, D. Sinclair, W. Vanderplasschen","doi":"10.1177/00220426231179381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220426231179381","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of recovery has emerged as a prominent paradigm to understand processes of change in individuals with substance use problems. To date, most studies have focused on personal recovery as the key driving force of recovery journeys, generally individualizing the often-disabling social realities that persons in recovery face. To counterbalance this bias, this paper focuses on the contextual dynamics at stake during recovery processes, based on the lived experiences of 30 persons in drug addiction recovery in Flanders (Belgium). A Lifeline Interview Method was applied to elicit recovery narratives, which were thematically analysed. We found that interpersonal relationships, enabling and disabling places, and socio-economic factors facilitate or impede recovery in meaningful ways. The findings also show how these diverse contextual dimensions are interrelated and ambiguous. Researchers, policymakers, and treatment providers should acknowledge the relational nature of recovery and the invalidating impact of stigma across the three identified contextual levels.","PeriodicalId":15626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Issues","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48167424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-30DOI: 10.1177/00220426231179208
Abhishek Ghosh, Alka Shaktan, Abhishek Verma, Ritu Nehra, Debasish Basu, Devender K Rana, Chirag K Ahuja, Manish Modi, Paramjit Singh
We examined the differences in neurocognitive functions in individuals dependent on heroin ( n = 120), pharmaceutical ( n = 52), and natural opioids ( n = 66) and compared with healthy controls (HC, n = 94). We estimated independent effects of the opioid groups on cognitive tests, adjusted for effect modifiers. Pharmaceutical opioid dependent group performed worse than HC in Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in conceptual level response and trials to complete first category. Pharmaceutical and heroin groups had higher error scores than HC in verbal and visual N-Back Tests (NBTs). There was no significant difference between pharmaceutical and heroin groups, but both had higher error scores than the natural opioid users in NBTs. Time to complete Trail Making- A test was higher in pharmaceutical than in natural opioid group. The natural opioid group required more trials than HC to complete the first category. Pharmaceutical opioid group had worst cognitive impairment. Cognitive functions are relatively spared in natural opioid-dependent group.
{"title":"Neurocognitive Functions in Opioid Dependence: Comparisons Between Opioid Categories","authors":"Abhishek Ghosh, Alka Shaktan, Abhishek Verma, Ritu Nehra, Debasish Basu, Devender K Rana, Chirag K Ahuja, Manish Modi, Paramjit Singh","doi":"10.1177/00220426231179208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220426231179208","url":null,"abstract":"We examined the differences in neurocognitive functions in individuals dependent on heroin ( n = 120), pharmaceutical ( n = 52), and natural opioids ( n = 66) and compared with healthy controls (HC, n = 94). We estimated independent effects of the opioid groups on cognitive tests, adjusted for effect modifiers. Pharmaceutical opioid dependent group performed worse than HC in Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in conceptual level response and trials to complete first category. Pharmaceutical and heroin groups had higher error scores than HC in verbal and visual N-Back Tests (NBTs). There was no significant difference between pharmaceutical and heroin groups, but both had higher error scores than the natural opioid users in NBTs. Time to complete Trail Making- A test was higher in pharmaceutical than in natural opioid group. The natural opioid group required more trials than HC to complete the first category. Pharmaceutical opioid group had worst cognitive impairment. Cognitive functions are relatively spared in natural opioid-dependent group.","PeriodicalId":15626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Issues","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135642753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-29DOI: 10.1177/00220426231180123
Habte Belete, Tilahun Belete, Samuel B. Bacharach, Kathleen A. Briggs, Peter A. Bamberger
Little is known about its prevalence of Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) and its work-based etiology among employed adults in developing countries. To address this knowledge gap, we surveyed a total of 423 Ethiopian textile workers (of whom 313 were non-abstaining) assessing AUD. Using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test or “AUDIT” and categorizing an AUD as any AUDIT score of 16 or greater, the prevalence of AUD was estimated at 4.3% among overall participants and 5.8% among non-abstainers. Logistic regression analysis identified younger age, work-related disability, and stress as significantly associated with AUD. Given the link between these potential work-related risk factors and AUD, the findings suggest that alcohol use prevention programs such as peer-led counseling and/or Employment Assistance Programs, along with brief interventions, may be useful in addressing potential AUD risk factors, reducing AUD prevalence and associated sequaelae, and treating workers with AUD in developing countries.
{"title":"Alcohol Use Disorder Among Textile Workers: Evidence from Ethiopia","authors":"Habte Belete, Tilahun Belete, Samuel B. Bacharach, Kathleen A. Briggs, Peter A. Bamberger","doi":"10.1177/00220426231180123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220426231180123","url":null,"abstract":"Little is known about its prevalence of Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) and its work-based etiology among employed adults in developing countries. To address this knowledge gap, we surveyed a total of 423 Ethiopian textile workers (of whom 313 were non-abstaining) assessing AUD. Using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test or “AUDIT” and categorizing an AUD as any AUDIT score of 16 or greater, the prevalence of AUD was estimated at 4.3% among overall participants and 5.8% among non-abstainers. Logistic regression analysis identified younger age, work-related disability, and stress as significantly associated with AUD. Given the link between these potential work-related risk factors and AUD, the findings suggest that alcohol use prevention programs such as peer-led counseling and/or Employment Assistance Programs, along with brief interventions, may be useful in addressing potential AUD risk factors, reducing AUD prevalence and associated sequaelae, and treating workers with AUD in developing countries.","PeriodicalId":15626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Issues","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43410662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-26DOI: 10.1177/00220426231179211
Collin D. Hodges, H. Stephens, C. Sedney
In this paper we examine the changing demographics of overdose deaths in West Virginia based upon death certificate and economic data in West Virginia for the years 2001–2016. During the period under study, opioid overdose deaths accounted for 7% of deaths overall, and a significant number of premature deaths. Those affected were an average of 41 years old and were more likely to be unmarried and less than college educated. Eighty percent were employed at the time of death and individual employment in specific industries was associated with an increased risk of opioid overdose death. Previous state and national level policies attempting to address the opioid crisis may have lagged behind the data trends for this time period and thus been less effectual. Future policies intended to ameliorate the harms associated with the opioid crisis should reflect current data trends to help the communities and individuals at high risk for overdose death.
{"title":"Individual and Community Characteristics of the Opioid Crisis in West Virginia","authors":"Collin D. Hodges, H. Stephens, C. Sedney","doi":"10.1177/00220426231179211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220426231179211","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we examine the changing demographics of overdose deaths in West Virginia based upon death certificate and economic data in West Virginia for the years 2001–2016. During the period under study, opioid overdose deaths accounted for 7% of deaths overall, and a significant number of premature deaths. Those affected were an average of 41 years old and were more likely to be unmarried and less than college educated. Eighty percent were employed at the time of death and individual employment in specific industries was associated with an increased risk of opioid overdose death. Previous state and national level policies attempting to address the opioid crisis may have lagged behind the data trends for this time period and thus been less effectual. Future policies intended to ameliorate the harms associated with the opioid crisis should reflect current data trends to help the communities and individuals at high risk for overdose death.","PeriodicalId":15626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Issues","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42752518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-26DOI: 10.1177/00220426231179217
S. Shadmanfaat, Saeed Kabiri, Hayden P. Smith, John K. Cochran, T. S. Andersen, Javad Madahi
Deviant and criminal behavior in sport remains a significant problem because it threatens the rules, norms and culture that value fairness. The use of performance-enhancing substances (PED), also known as "doping", is generally prohibited in sanctioned sports because they violate this philosophy. While previous research has documented the crucial role that coaches occupy in player’s deviancy, there is a lack of theoretical perspectives used to assess the relationship between coaches and athletes in decisions to engage in doping. The present study examines a sample of Iranian sports coaches ( n = 374) using situational action theory and regression models. The results indicate that deviant coaching is a form of moral action that involves an interaction between characteristics of the coach.
{"title":"Coaching and Doping: A Test of Situational Action Theory","authors":"S. Shadmanfaat, Saeed Kabiri, Hayden P. Smith, John K. Cochran, T. S. Andersen, Javad Madahi","doi":"10.1177/00220426231179217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220426231179217","url":null,"abstract":"Deviant and criminal behavior in sport remains a significant problem because it threatens the rules, norms and culture that value fairness. The use of performance-enhancing substances (PED), also known as \"doping\", is generally prohibited in sanctioned sports because they violate this philosophy. While previous research has documented the crucial role that coaches occupy in player’s deviancy, there is a lack of theoretical perspectives used to assess the relationship between coaches and athletes in decisions to engage in doping. The present study examines a sample of Iranian sports coaches ( n = 374) using situational action theory and regression models. The results indicate that deviant coaching is a form of moral action that involves an interaction between characteristics of the coach.","PeriodicalId":15626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Issues","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47877773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-23DOI: 10.1177/00220426231176466
Skylar N. Crick, Courtney A. Crittenden, C. Policastro, Tammy S. Garland, Rick Dierenfeldt
Previous literature has shown that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are a factor in future criminal behavior, victimization, and overall health. Research has also found that co-occurring disorders (CODs) are prevalent among inmates with approximately half of inmates meeting the criteria of mental health and substance use disorders in previous studies. Exposure to ACEs and drug use may also be higher in rural, Appalachian areas with the opioid crisis impacting adults and children alike. Moreover, research has indicated that some relationships, such as parenthood, may serve as protective factors for those involved in the justice system. The current study explores the relationship between ACEs and CODs, specifically in the areas of substance use and mental health among a rural jail sample. This study utilizes an Inmate History and Needs interview survey completed by 166 inmates (59 females, 107 males) from three different rural jails in a southern state to examine the relationship between ACEs and CODs among inmates, if CODs differ among male and female inmates, and the relationship between parents, CODs, and living with their children prior to arrest. We found that inmates in our study report high rates of ACEs, mental health issues, and drug use, and there is a significant relationship between exposure to ACEs and CODs.
{"title":"Adverse Childhood Experiences and Co-Occurring Disorders: Is There a Relationship Among ACEs, Mental Health Issues, and Substance Use Among Inmates?","authors":"Skylar N. Crick, Courtney A. Crittenden, C. Policastro, Tammy S. Garland, Rick Dierenfeldt","doi":"10.1177/00220426231176466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220426231176466","url":null,"abstract":"Previous literature has shown that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are a factor in future criminal behavior, victimization, and overall health. Research has also found that co-occurring disorders (CODs) are prevalent among inmates with approximately half of inmates meeting the criteria of mental health and substance use disorders in previous studies. Exposure to ACEs and drug use may also be higher in rural, Appalachian areas with the opioid crisis impacting adults and children alike. Moreover, research has indicated that some relationships, such as parenthood, may serve as protective factors for those involved in the justice system. The current study explores the relationship between ACEs and CODs, specifically in the areas of substance use and mental health among a rural jail sample. This study utilizes an Inmate History and Needs interview survey completed by 166 inmates (59 females, 107 males) from three different rural jails in a southern state to examine the relationship between ACEs and CODs among inmates, if CODs differ among male and female inmates, and the relationship between parents, CODs, and living with their children prior to arrest. We found that inmates in our study report high rates of ACEs, mental health issues, and drug use, and there is a significant relationship between exposure to ACEs and CODs.","PeriodicalId":15626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Issues","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45191567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-19DOI: 10.1177/00220426231176446
E. Pasman, J. Clift, Michael J. Broman, E. Madden, E. Agius, Stella M. Resko
Peer recovery coaches (PRCs), direct service providers with lived experience in recovery, are a growing sector of the substance use workforce. As rates of cannabis use increase nationwide, including among treatment-seeking populations, many PRCs will work with clients who wish to use cannabis for medical or recreational purposes. This study explores how PRCs perceive the use of cannabis among clients in treatment or recovery services. Semi-structured phone interviews were completed with 28 PRCs in Michigan. Inductive thematic analysis was used to document PRCs’ perceptions of client cannabis use, including overall trends, potential benefits, and concerns. While participants indicated a desire to support clients’ autonomy, and many were able to identify potential benefits of cannabis use, they also expressed concerns about the quality of clients’ recovery and difficulties managing personal biases. Findings highlight key areas for training and technical assistance to assist PRCs in their work with clients who use cannabis.
{"title":"“It Depends on What You Consider Recovery”: Perceptions of Client Cannabis Use Among Peer Recovery Coaches","authors":"E. Pasman, J. Clift, Michael J. Broman, E. Madden, E. Agius, Stella M. Resko","doi":"10.1177/00220426231176446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220426231176446","url":null,"abstract":"Peer recovery coaches (PRCs), direct service providers with lived experience in recovery, are a growing sector of the substance use workforce. As rates of cannabis use increase nationwide, including among treatment-seeking populations, many PRCs will work with clients who wish to use cannabis for medical or recreational purposes. This study explores how PRCs perceive the use of cannabis among clients in treatment or recovery services. Semi-structured phone interviews were completed with 28 PRCs in Michigan. Inductive thematic analysis was used to document PRCs’ perceptions of client cannabis use, including overall trends, potential benefits, and concerns. While participants indicated a desire to support clients’ autonomy, and many were able to identify potential benefits of cannabis use, they also expressed concerns about the quality of clients’ recovery and difficulties managing personal biases. Findings highlight key areas for training and technical assistance to assist PRCs in their work with clients who use cannabis.","PeriodicalId":15626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Issues","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44918662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-24DOI: 10.1177/00220426231168081
Luther Elliott, Yu-Yi Chen, Melody S. Goodman, Alex S. Bennett
This analysis identifies factors associated with overdose risk behaviors and non-fatal overdose among a sample of 577 adult-age people who use illicit opioids and live in NYC. Survey data--which included outcome measures assessing (1) past 30-day non-fatal overdose and past 30-day overdose-related risk behaviors and (2) predictors representing potential risk and protective factors—were analyzed using bivariate and Poisson regression techniques. Results indicate being 41–56 years in age, being widowed, using cannabis, injecting, and having greater pain severity and mental health challenges were associated with greater risks. Current employment, homelessness, and prescription of medications for opioid use disorder were associated with fewer risks. Being 57+ was negatively associated with past-month overdose; higher pain severity and opioid related withdrawal were positively related, as were employment, cannabis use, and injection. Findings suggest the importance of expanding access to MOUD and tailoring OD prevention interventions for mental health and pain management services.
{"title":"Distal Factors Associated With Proximal Overdose Risk Behaviors and Recent Non-Fatal Overdose Among a Sample of People Who Use Illicit Opioids in New York City","authors":"Luther Elliott, Yu-Yi Chen, Melody S. Goodman, Alex S. Bennett","doi":"10.1177/00220426231168081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220426231168081","url":null,"abstract":"This analysis identifies factors associated with overdose risk behaviors and non-fatal overdose among a sample of 577 adult-age people who use illicit opioids and live in NYC. Survey data--which included outcome measures assessing (1) past 30-day non-fatal overdose and past 30-day overdose-related risk behaviors and (2) predictors representing potential risk and protective factors—were analyzed using bivariate and Poisson regression techniques. Results indicate being 41–56 years in age, being widowed, using cannabis, injecting, and having greater pain severity and mental health challenges were associated with greater risks. Current employment, homelessness, and prescription of medications for opioid use disorder were associated with fewer risks. Being 57+ was negatively associated with past-month overdose; higher pain severity and opioid related withdrawal were positively related, as were employment, cannabis use, and injection. Findings suggest the importance of expanding access to MOUD and tailoring OD prevention interventions for mental health and pain management services.","PeriodicalId":15626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Issues","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42821183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.1177/00220426221107561
Albert M. Kopak, Alexa J. Singer
Most adults processed through local correctional facilities report symptoms consistent with substance use disorder and there is growing interest in bail reform to reduce or eliminate financial conditions as a requirement for release from detention in local jails. These practices are endorsed for their ability to reduce jail populations and enhance judicial efficiency, but failure to appear in court has become a major area of concern under these new procedures. The current study examined the associations between substance use disorder, financial release conditions, and failure to appear in court in the context of a naturalistic study of bail reform in one judicial district. Multivariate logistic regression results demonstrate significantly higher odds of failure to appear in court among adults with substance use disorder who received a nonfinancial release from jail. Findings suggest bail reform initiatives must address substance use disorder and provide person-centered services during the pretrial release period to become effective.
{"title":"Substance Use Disorder, Bail Reform, and Failure to Appear in Court: Results From a Naturalistic Study","authors":"Albert M. Kopak, Alexa J. Singer","doi":"10.1177/00220426221107561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220426221107561","url":null,"abstract":"Most adults processed through local correctional facilities report symptoms consistent with substance use disorder and there is growing interest in bail reform to reduce or eliminate financial conditions as a requirement for release from detention in local jails. These practices are endorsed for their ability to reduce jail populations and enhance judicial efficiency, but failure to appear in court has become a major area of concern under these new procedures. The current study examined the associations between substance use disorder, financial release conditions, and failure to appear in court in the context of a naturalistic study of bail reform in one judicial district. Multivariate logistic regression results demonstrate significantly higher odds of failure to appear in court among adults with substance use disorder who received a nonfinancial release from jail. Findings suggest bail reform initiatives must address substance use disorder and provide person-centered services during the pretrial release period to become effective.","PeriodicalId":15626,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Drug Issues","volume":"53 1","pages":"183 - 195"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45007377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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