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A Case Study on Discovery of Novel Citrus Leprosis Virus Cytoplasmic Type 2 Utilizing Small RNA Libraries by Next Generation Sequencing and Bioinformatic Analyses 利用小RNA文库新一代测序和生物信息学分析发现新型柑橘麻风病毒细胞质2型
Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.4172/2153-0602.1000129
A. Roy, J. Shao, J. Hartung, W. Schneider, R. Brlansky
The advent of innovative sequencing technology referred to as “Next-Generation” Sequencing (NGS), provides a new approach to identify the ‘unknown known’ and ‘unknown unknown’ viral pathogens without a priori knowledge. The genomes of plant viruses can be rapidly determined even when occurring at extremely low titers in the infected host. The method is based on massively parallel sequencing of the population of small RNA molecules 18-35 nucleotides in length produced by RNA silencing host defense. Improvements in chemistries, bioinformatic tools and advances in engineering has reduced the costs of NGS, increased its accessibility, and enabled its application in the field of plant virology. In this review, we discuss the utilization of the Illumina GA IIX platform combined with the application of molecular biology and bioinformatic tools for the discovery of a novel cytoplasmic Citrus leprosis virus (CiLV). This new virus produced symptoms typical of CiLV but was not detected with either serological or PCR-based assays for the previously described virus. The new viral genome was also present in low titer in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis), an important horticultural crop with incomplete genomic resources. This is a common situation in horticultural research and provides an example of the broader utility of this approach. In addition to the discovery of novel viruses, the sequence data may be useful for studies of viral evolution and ecology and the interactions between viral and host transcriptomes.
被称为“下一代”测序(NGS)的创新测序技术的出现,提供了一种在没有先验知识的情况下识别“未知已知”和“未知未知”病毒病原体的新方法。植物病毒的基因组可以快速确定,即使在感染宿主中以极低的滴度发生。该方法基于对RNA沉默宿主防御产生的长度为18-35个核苷酸的小RNA分子群体进行大规模平行测序。化学、生物信息学工具的改进和工程技术的进步降低了NGS的成本,增加了其可及性,并使其在植物病毒学领域的应用成为可能。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了利用Illumina GA IIX平台结合应用分子生物学和生物信息学工具发现一种新的细胞质型柑橘型麻风病毒(CiLV)。这种新病毒产生了CiLV的典型症状,但对先前描述的病毒进行血清学或基于pcr的检测均未检测到。在基因组资源不完整的重要园艺作物甜橙(Citrus sinensis)中也存在低滴度的新病毒基因组。这是园艺研究中常见的情况,并提供了这种方法更广泛应用的一个例子。除了发现新病毒外,序列数据还可用于研究病毒进化和生态学以及病毒与宿主转录组之间的相互作用。
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引用次数: 16
Generalized Measure of Dependency for Analysis of Omics Data 组学数据分析的广义依赖度量
Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.4172/2153-0602.1000183
Qihua Tan, Martin Tepel, Hans Christian Beck, Lars Melholt Rasmussen, Jacob v. B. Hjelmborg
J Data Mining Genomics Proteomics ISSN: 2153-0602 JDMGP, an open access journal Volume 7 • Issue 1 • 1000183 As a popular measure of association, the Pearson’s correlation coefficient has been frequently used in omics data analysis e.g. in feature selection process during prediction model building using high dimensional gene expression data [1] and proteomics data [2]. However, Pearson’s correlation coefficient captures only linear relationships which greatly limit its use in situations of nonlinear association. Statistical modeling for dealing with nonlinear patterns can be complicated [3] and requires intensive computation in case of high dimensional data such as microarray data or genome sequence data. In the analysis of omics data, high dimension means that there can be diverse patterns of dependence not limited to linearity. In this situation, the generalized measures of association more adequate than the Pearson’s correlation and capable of capturing both linear and nonlinear correlations are needed. Recently, generalized correlation coefficients have been frequently discussed [4] and their application to large scale genomic data illustrated through microarray gene expression time-course analysis [5].
作为一种流行的关联度量,Pearson相关系数已被频繁地用于组学数据分析,例如在使用高维基因表达数据[1]和蛋白质组学数据[2]构建预测模型的特征选择过程中。然而,皮尔逊相关系数只捕获线性关系,这极大地限制了它在非线性关联情况下的应用。用于处理非线性模式的统计建模可能会很复杂[3],并且在微阵列数据或基因组序列数据等高维数据的情况下需要大量计算。在组学数据的分析中,高维意味着可以存在不限于线性的多种依赖模式。在这种情况下,需要比皮尔逊相关性更充分的关联的广义度量,并且能够捕获线性和非线性相关性。近年来,人们经常讨论广义相关系数[4],并通过微阵列基因表达时程分析将其应用于大规模基因组数据[5]。
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引用次数: 5
Proteomics in Medicine 医学中的蛋白质组学
Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.4172/2153-0602.1000e126
M. Simonian
Proteomics is the identification of proteins in a tissue or cell, and the determination of their function, structure and modifications [1,2]. The term proteome was coined by Marc Wilkins to describe all the proteins expressed by a genome [1]. It is considered to be the next step in modern biology. Proteomics is dynamic compared to genomics because it changes constantly to reflect the cell’s environment. The main objectives in the field of proteomics are: (i) Identify all proteins; (ii) Analyse differential protein expression in different samples; (iii) Characterise proteins by identifying and studying their function and cellular localisation; and (iv) Understand protein interaction networks.
蛋白质组学是鉴定组织或细胞中的蛋白质,并确定其功能、结构和修饰[1,2]。蛋白质组这个术语是由Marc Wilkins创造的,用来描述基因组表达的所有蛋白质[1]。它被认为是现代生物学的下一步。与基因组学相比,蛋白质组学是动态的,因为它不断变化以反映细胞的环境。蛋白质组学领域的主要目标是:(i)鉴定所有蛋白质;(ii)分析不同样品中的差异蛋白表达;(iii)通过鉴定和研究蛋白质的功能和细胞定位来表征蛋白质;(iv)了解蛋白质相互作用网络。
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引用次数: 2
Comparative Genomics of Salmonella Could Reveal Key Features of Adaptation 沙门氏菌的比较基因组学可以揭示适应的关键特征
Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.4172/2153-0602.1000E121
G. Nava, Yajaira Esquivel-Hern, Ez
Worldwide, Salmonella enterica remains an important health threat. A recent study by the World Health Organization estimated that nontyphoidal S. enterica causes ∼ 230,000 deaths annually [1]. The biology of this pathogen has been studied for almost a century [2]; until recently, however, we have started to elucidate genomic features of adaptation to its hosts. Now, it is know that S. enterica has evolved to establish sympatric (generalists) and allopatric (specialists) and associations with its host. For example, S. enterica subspecies enterica, serotypes Choleraesuis, Dublin and Gallinarum have established allopatric association with porcine, bovine and avian species, respectively. In contrast, serotype Enteritidis and Typhimurium have adapted a sympatric strategy to colonize the intestinal tract of a broad number of avian and mammalian species [3]. This progress in knowledge has been accomplished with the aid of molecular microbiology.
在世界范围内,肠道沙门氏菌仍然是一个重要的健康威胁。世界卫生组织最近的一项研究估计,非伤寒肠炎沙门氏菌每年导致约23万人死亡。这种病原体的生物学特性已经被研究了将近一个世纪。然而,直到最近,我们才开始阐明适应宿主的基因组特征。现在,我们知道肠球菌已经进化到与宿主建立同域(通才)和异域(专才)关系。例如,肠球菌肠亚种、霍乱血清型、都柏林菌和加利纳菌分别与猪、牛和鸟类建立了异域关联。相比之下,血清型肠炎菌和鼠伤寒菌已经适应了一种同域策略,在大量鸟类和哺乳动物的肠道中定植。这种知识上的进步是在分子微生物学的帮助下完成的。
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引用次数: 5
Interpretable Boosted Decision Trees for Prediction of Mortality Following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation 异体造血干细胞移植后死亡率预测的可解释增强决策树
Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.4172/2153-0602.1000184
R. Shouval, A. Nagler, M. Labopin, R. Unger
J Data Mining Genomics Proteomics ISSN: 2153-0602 JDMGP, an open access journal Volume 7 • Issue 1 • 1000184 Allogeneic (allo) hematopoietic stem transplantation (HSCT) is a potentially curative procedure for selected patients with hematological disease. Despite a reduction in transplant risk in recent years, morbidity and mortality remains substantial, making the decision of whom, how and when to transplant, of great importance [1].
同种异体(allo)造血干细胞移植(HSCT)是一种治疗特定血液病患者的潜在方法。尽管近年来移植风险有所降低,但发病率和死亡率仍然很高,因此决定移植的对象、方式和时间非常重要[1]。
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引用次数: 5
Data Mining and Geo-Engineering 数据挖掘与地球工程
Pub Date : 2015-12-17 DOI: 10.4172/2153-0602.C1.001
Luis Sousa
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引用次数: 0
In the Race towards a Better Diagnosis and Prognostication of Cancer Patients Long Non-Coding Intergenic RNA's (lincrna's) have found their Place 在对癌症患者进行更好的诊断和预后的竞赛中,长链非编码基因间RNA (lincrna’s)已经找到了自己的位置
Pub Date : 2015-10-31 DOI: 10.4172/2153-0602.1000E120
J. Mao, H. Weier
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引用次数: 0
Dengue Fever Prediction: A Data Mining Problem 登革热预测:一个数据挖掘问题
Pub Date : 2015-10-25 DOI: 10.4172/2153-0602.1000181
K. Shaukat, N. Masood, S. Mehreen, Ulya Azmeen
Dengue is a threatening disease caused by female mosquitos. It is typically found in widespread hot regions. From long periods of time, Experts are trying to find out some of features on Dengue disease so that they can rightly categorize patients because different patients require different types of treatment. Pakistan has been target of Dengue disease from last few years. Dengue fever is used in classification techniques to evaluate and compare their performance. The dataset was collected from District Headquarter Hospital (DHQ) Jhelum. For properly categorizing our dataset, different classification techniques are used. These techniques are Naive Bayesian, REP Tree, Random tree, J48 and SMO. WEKA was used as Data mining tool for classification of data. Firstly we will evaluate the performance of all the techniques separately with the help of tables and graphs depending upon dataset and secondly we will compare the performance of all the techniques.
登革热是一种由雌蚊引起的威胁性疾病。它通常在广泛的炎热地区发现。长期以来,专家们正试图找出登革热的一些特征,以便正确地对患者进行分类,因为不同的患者需要不同的治疗方法。过去几年来,巴基斯坦一直是登革热的目标。登革热被用于分类技术,以评估和比较它们的性能。数据集收集自Jhelum区总部医院(DHQ)。为了正确地对数据集进行分类,使用了不同的分类技术。这些技术是朴素贝叶斯,REP树,随机树,J48和SMO。使用WEKA作为数据挖掘工具对数据进行分类。首先,我们将根据数据集分别使用表格和图形来评估所有技术的性能,其次,我们将比较所有技术的性能。
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引用次数: 53
Genome Mining and Transcriptional Analysis of Bacteriocin Genes in Enterococcus faecium CRL1879 粪肠球菌CRL1879细菌素基因的基因组挖掘与转录分析
Pub Date : 2015-10-18 DOI: 10.4172/2153-0602.1000180
N. Suárez, J. Bonacina, E. Hebert, L. Saavedra
Among 151 bacterial isolates from nine artisanal cheeses, Enterococcus faecium CRL 1879 showed antibacterial activity against the food-borne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. The isolate produced a proteinase K-sensitive compound in the cell free supernatant. Genome analysis demonstrated the presence of enterocin A, enterocin B, enterocin P, enterocin SE-K4-like and enterocin X biosynthetic gene clusters. Nucleotide sequences encoding for a putative two-component bacteriocin were detected using bioinformatics tools, here named enterocin CRL1879αβ. A transcriptional analysis of all bacteriocin genes by quantitative real time PCR analysis (qRT-PCR) revealed the transcription of each enterocin gene at different levels. Finally, analysis of bacteriocin genes distribution in 251 E. faecium bioprojects was performed and compared to those identify in E. faecium CRL1879. The discriminative analysis demonstrated that bacteriocin genes are widely distributed among Enterococcus, independently of the origin of the strain. The results presented in this paper represent a unique finding since this is the first demonstration of an E. faecium strain isolated from an artisanal cheese with the complete genetic machinery to produce six classes II and one class III bacteriocins.
从9种手工奶酪中分离的151株细菌中,屎肠球菌(Enterococcus faecium) CRL 1879对食源性单核增生李斯特菌具有抗菌活性。分离物在无细胞上清液中产生蛋白酶k敏感化合物。基因组分析显示存在肠球菌蛋白A、肠球菌蛋白B、肠球菌蛋白P、肠球菌蛋白se - k4样和肠球菌蛋白X生物合成基因簇。利用生物信息学工具检测了一种推定的双组分细菌素的核苷酸序列,这里将其命名为enterocin CRL1879αβ。利用实时荧光定量PCR (qRT-PCR)对所有细菌素基因进行转录分析,揭示了各肠霉素基因的转录水平不同。最后,对251株粪肠杆菌的细菌素基因分布进行了分析,并与粪肠杆菌CRL1879中的细菌素基因进行了比较。判别分析表明,细菌素基因在肠球菌中广泛分布,与菌株的来源无关。本文中提出的结果是一个独特的发现,因为这是第一次证明从手工奶酪中分离出的粪肠杆菌菌株具有完整的遗传机制,可以产生六种II类和一种III类细菌素。
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引用次数: 8
Leveraging Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines for Drug Response Modeling 利用淋巴母细胞样细胞系进行药物反应建模
Pub Date : 2015-09-09 DOI: 10.4172/2153-0602.1000179
A. Motsinger-Reif, Daniel M. Rotroff
Lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) are becoming popular tools for modeling drug response. LCLs, and other in vitro assays, offer the ability to test many drugs, doses, and biological samples relatively quickly and inexpensively. In addition, a unique advantage to LCLs is that they are available from a large cohort of individuals, providing the capability to test for genetic variability on a scale not readily available in other in vitro systems. Since oftentimes the genotype data is publically available, the experimental costs can be limited to the cost of the drug response phenotyping. Here we describe several advantages and limitations of LCLs. In addition we review several important aspects of LCL experimental design and statistical analysis. Lastly, we present an example of LCLs being successfully used to identify candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms and genes for variability in response to a chemotherapeutic used to treat chronic myeloid leukemia.
淋巴母细胞系(LCL)正在成为模拟药物反应的流行工具。lcl和其他体外测定法能够相对快速和廉价地检测多种药物、剂量和生物样品。此外,lcl的一个独特优势是,它们可以从大量个体中获得,从而提供了在其他体外系统中难以获得的规模上测试遗传变异性的能力。由于基因型数据通常是公开的,实验成本可以限制在药物反应表型的成本。在这里,我们描述了lcl的几个优点和局限性。此外,我们回顾了LCL实验设计和统计分析的几个重要方面。最后,我们提出了一个lcl被成功地用于鉴定候选单核苷酸多态性和基因变异的例子,这些基因对用于治疗慢性髓性白血病的化疗反应。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Data Mining in Genomics & Proteomics
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