Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2021.1972074
Roberto Cotellese, Andrea Ledda, Gianni Belcaro, Maria R Cesarone, Claudia Scipione, Valeria Scipione, Mark Dugall, Beatrice Feragalli, Antonella Riva, Pietro Allegrini, Giovanna Petrangolini, Stefano Togni
In this preliminary pilot registry study, we investigated the effects of the oral supplementation of a standardized cranberry extract (Anthocran® Phytosome®, Indena) delivered by a lecithin-based system, for the prophylactic management of recurrent-urinary tract infections (R-UTIs). We included 64 otherwise healthy subjects who underwent a surgical procedure and required post-surgical urinary catheterization for high-risk UTIs or a previous history of R-UTIs. Patients were given supplementation with the standardized cranberry extract at the dose of either 120 mg/day (n = 12) or 240 mg/day (n = 12) or assigned to a control group consisting of standard management (SM; n = 18) or nitrofurantoin administration (n = 22) for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, patients receiving the standardized cranberry supplementation reported to have a more effective reduction in UTI symptoms, as assessed on the visual analogue scale, compared with patients in the SM or nitrofurantoin groups. The occurrence of hematuria and urine bacterial contamination were decreased among patients treated with the supplement compared with controls (p < 0.05). The cranberry extract was also superior to the control management in terms of recurrence of signs/symptoms, with none of the patients in this group suffering from a R-UTI in the 3 months following the study end (p < 0.05). The supplementation showed an optimal safety profile, with no significant adverse events and no drop-outs in the supplement group. This registry shows that this cranberry extract is effective as a supplementary, preventive management in preventing post-operative, post-catheter UTIs; the product has a good tolerability profile.
{"title":"Anthocran® Phytosome®: Prevention of Recurring Urinary Infections and Symptoms after Catheterization.","authors":"Roberto Cotellese, Andrea Ledda, Gianni Belcaro, Maria R Cesarone, Claudia Scipione, Valeria Scipione, Mark Dugall, Beatrice Feragalli, Antonella Riva, Pietro Allegrini, Giovanna Petrangolini, Stefano Togni","doi":"10.1080/19390211.2021.1972074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19390211.2021.1972074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this preliminary pilot registry study, we investigated the effects of the oral supplementation of a standardized cranberry extract (Anthocran® Phytosome®, Indena) delivered by a lecithin-based system, for the prophylactic management of recurrent-urinary tract infections (R-UTIs). We included 64 otherwise healthy subjects who underwent a surgical procedure and required post-surgical urinary catheterization for high-risk UTIs or a previous history of R-UTIs. Patients were given supplementation with the standardized cranberry extract at the dose of either 120 mg/day (<i>n</i> = 12) or 240 mg/day (<i>n</i> = 12) or assigned to a control group consisting of standard management (SM; <i>n</i> = 18) or nitrofurantoin administration (<i>n</i> = 22) for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, patients receiving the standardized cranberry supplementation reported to have a more effective reduction in UTI symptoms, as assessed on the visual analogue scale, compared with patients in the SM or nitrofurantoin groups. The occurrence of hematuria and urine bacterial contamination were decreased among patients treated with the supplement compared with controls (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The cranberry extract was also superior to the control management in terms of recurrence of signs/symptoms, with none of the patients in this group suffering from a R-UTI in the 3 months following the study end (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The supplementation showed an optimal safety profile, with no significant adverse events and no drop-outs in the supplement group. This registry shows that this cranberry extract is effective as a supplementary, preventive management in preventing post-operative, post-catheter UTIs; the product has a good tolerability profile.</p>","PeriodicalId":15646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dietary Supplements","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10450446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2021.1963025
Dina A M Miragaia, Monique N P Trindade, Carla A B Pereira
This research aims to understand fitness instructors and personal trainers' perception of their qualifications and competence to prescribe dietary supplements. To this end, a questionnaire was applied to 154 fitness instructors and personal trainers with professional functions in health clubs/gyms. The results obtained show that the sale of these products in gyms is seen as stimulating their consumption and that most fitness professionals consider professionals in this area do not have competence to prescribe this type of service. The lack of confidence about knowledge of dietary supplements; degree courses with a weak curriculum in this domain; and the shortage of curricular units related to dietary supplements are possible reasons for these professionals not feeling sure about giving advice on this matter. Regarding ways of updating knowledge, although these professionals consider academic journals, conferences, congresses and nutrition courses as the most reliable sources of information, they resort more frequently to the Internet, despite considering this source as the least reliable. These results can have direct implications for various stakeholders, particularly for consumers to be more informed about the risks involved in consuming dietary supplements without due orientation; for fitness professionals who have little knowledge about this type of substance; for gym managers who need to understand the implications of selling this type of product in their establishments; for teaching institutions, who should reflect on, and organize their academic curricula in order to provide sufficient grounding for fitness professionals to feel safe and confident about their knowledge in this area; and for the producers of these products, in order to improve information about, and the safety of the substances they put on the market.
{"title":"Qualifications and Competence to Prescribe Dietary Supplements: Perception of Fitness Instructors.","authors":"Dina A M Miragaia, Monique N P Trindade, Carla A B Pereira","doi":"10.1080/19390211.2021.1963025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19390211.2021.1963025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This research aims to understand fitness instructors and personal trainers' perception of their qualifications and competence to prescribe dietary supplements. To this end, a questionnaire was applied to 154 fitness instructors and personal trainers with professional functions in health clubs/gyms. The results obtained show that the sale of these products in gyms is seen as stimulating their consumption and that most fitness professionals consider professionals in this area do not have competence to prescribe this type of service. The lack of confidence about knowledge of dietary supplements; degree courses with a weak curriculum in this domain; and the shortage of curricular units related to dietary supplements are possible reasons for these professionals not feeling sure about giving advice on this matter. Regarding ways of updating knowledge, although these professionals consider academic journals, conferences, congresses and nutrition courses as the most reliable sources of information, they resort more frequently to the Internet, despite considering this source as the least reliable. These results can have direct implications for various stakeholders, particularly for consumers to be more informed about the risks involved in consuming dietary supplements without due orientation; for fitness professionals who have little knowledge about this type of substance; for gym managers who need to understand the implications of selling this type of product in their establishments; for teaching institutions, who should reflect on, and organize their academic curricula in order to provide sufficient grounding for fitness professionals to feel safe and confident about their knowledge in this area; and for the producers of these products, in order to improve information about, and the safety of the substances they put on the market.</p>","PeriodicalId":15646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dietary Supplements","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10507082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01Epub Date: 2022-09-08DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2022.2120147
Leila Ataei, Christoforos D Giannaki, Christos Petrou, George Aphamis
Tribulus terrestris L. contains compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, but its effects on exercise-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses are unclear. The aim of this study was to examine whether Tribulus terrestris L. supplementation can attenuate oxidative stress and inflammatory responses to acute aerobic exercise and improve DOMS. In a randomized, double-blind, crossover design study, thirteen healthy men received either a daily supplement of Tribulus terrestris L. or a placebo for 4 weeks (2-week wash-out period between trials). Before and after the supplementation periods, participants performed an exercise test to exhaustion (75% VO2max). DOMS, thigh girth, and knee joint range of motion (KJRM) were assessed before and after the exercise (2, 24, and 48 h). Blood samples were analyzed for reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione, GSH/GSSG ratio, protein carbonyls, total antioxidant capacity, creatine kinase activity, white blood cell count, and TBARS. Acute exercise to exhaustion induced inflammatory responses and changed the blood redox status in both Tribulus and Placebo groups (p < 0.050). Tribulus terrestris L. improved GSH fall (p = 0.005), GSSG rise (p = 0.001) and maintained a higher level of GSH/GSSG ratio at the 2 h point (p = 0.034). TBARS were lowered, protein carbonyls, creatine kinase activity, and white blood cell count elevation diminished significantly (p < 0.050). Tribulus terrestris L. administration did not affect DOMS, thigh girth, or KJRM (p > 0.050). 4-weeks of Tribulus terrestris L. supplementation effectively attenuates oxidative stress responses but cannot improve DOMS.
{"title":"Effect of <i>Tribulus terrestris L.</i> supplementation on Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress and Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness Markers: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Leila Ataei, Christoforos D Giannaki, Christos Petrou, George Aphamis","doi":"10.1080/19390211.2022.2120147","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19390211.2022.2120147","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Tribulus terrestris</i> L. contains compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, but its effects on exercise-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses are unclear. The aim of this study was to examine whether <i>Tribulus terrestris</i> L. supplementation can attenuate oxidative stress and inflammatory responses to acute aerobic exercise and improve DOMS. In a randomized, double-blind, crossover design study, thirteen healthy men received either a daily supplement of <i>Tribulus terrestris</i> L. or a placebo for 4 weeks (2-week wash-out period between trials). Before and after the supplementation periods, participants performed an exercise test to exhaustion (75% VO<sub>2</sub>max). DOMS, thigh girth, and knee joint range of motion (KJRM) were assessed before and after the exercise (2, 24, and 48 h). Blood samples were analyzed for reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione, GSH/GSSG ratio, protein carbonyls, total antioxidant capacity, creatine kinase activity, white blood cell count, and TBARS. Acute exercise to exhaustion induced inflammatory responses and changed the blood redox status in both Tribulus and Placebo groups (<i>p</i> < 0.050). <i>Tribulus terrestris</i> L. improved GSH fall (<i>p</i> = 0.005), GSSG rise (<i>p</i> = 0.001) and maintained a higher level of GSH/GSSG ratio at the 2 h point (<i>p</i> = 0.034). TBARS were lowered, protein carbonyls, creatine kinase activity, and white blood cell count elevation diminished significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.050). <i>Tribulus terrestris</i> L. administration did not affect DOMS, thigh girth, or KJRM (<i>p</i> > 0.050). 4-weeks of <i>Tribulus terrestris</i> L. supplementation effectively attenuates oxidative stress responses but cannot improve DOMS.</p>","PeriodicalId":15646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dietary Supplements","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33449046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01Epub Date: 2022-10-18DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2022.2134532
Andrea Y Arikawa, Jill Snyder, Jenifer M Ross, Michel Harris, Doreen Perez, Michele Bednarzyk
The relationship between intake of dietary supplements and biomarkers such as insulin and insulin-like growth factor has not been well explored. The primary aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the associations between supplement intake and biological and lifestyle factors. We hypothesized that dietary supplement intake was associated with healthier lifestyle behaviors. College students attending a Southeast university were recruited between January 2018 and April 2019. Blood samples were collected to measure insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Statistical tests employed were linear regression and analysis of variance. Ninety-eight participants completed the study and 91% reported taking at least one supplement, while 5.1% reported taking 9+ supplements once per week. There were no differences in levels of insulin, IGF-1 and ALT by levels of dietary supplement intake. Although there were no differences in HEI-2015 score among the groups, those who consumed five or more supplements met a higher percentage of the recommended intake for fruits, performed aerobic exercise for longer duration, and had lower body fat percentage compared to participants who consumed two or less supplements at least once per week. These findings are consistent with previous studies and suggest that dietary supplement intake is highly prevalent in college students, and it may be related to healthy lifestyle behaviors. Future studies should employ mixed methodology to examine reasons by which college students consume dietary supplements and to assess perceived and direct health benefits associated with consumption.
{"title":"Dietary Supplement Intake is Associated with Healthier Lifestyle Behaviors in College Students Attending a Regional University in the Southeast: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Andrea Y Arikawa, Jill Snyder, Jenifer M Ross, Michel Harris, Doreen Perez, Michele Bednarzyk","doi":"10.1080/19390211.2022.2134532","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19390211.2022.2134532","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The relationship between intake of dietary supplements and biomarkers such as insulin and insulin-like growth factor has not been well explored. The primary aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the associations between supplement intake and biological and lifestyle factors. We hypothesized that dietary supplement intake was associated with healthier lifestyle behaviors. College students attending a Southeast university were recruited between January 2018 and April 2019. Blood samples were collected to measure insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Statistical tests employed were linear regression and analysis of variance. Ninety-eight participants completed the study and 91% reported taking at least one supplement, while 5.1% reported taking 9+ supplements once per week. There were no differences in levels of insulin, IGF-1 and ALT by levels of dietary supplement intake. Although there were no differences in HEI-2015 score among the groups, those who consumed five or more supplements met a higher percentage of the recommended intake for fruits, performed aerobic exercise for longer duration, and had lower body fat percentage compared to participants who consumed two or less supplements at least once per week. These findings are consistent with previous studies and suggest that dietary supplement intake is highly prevalent in college students, and it may be related to healthy lifestyle behaviors. Future studies should employ mixed methodology to examine reasons by which college students consume dietary supplements and to assess perceived and direct health benefits associated with consumption.</p>","PeriodicalId":15646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dietary Supplements","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40338414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01Epub Date: 2022-03-18DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2022.2050875
Mona H Haron, Bharathi Avula, Zulfiqar Ali, Amar G Chittiboyina, Ikhlas A Khan, Jing Li, Vivian Wang, Charles Wu, Shabana I Khan
The dried roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza species (G. glabra, G. uralensis and G. inflata), commonly known as licorice, have long been used in traditional medicine. In addition, two other species, G. echinata and G. lepidota are also considered "licorice" in select markets. Currently, licorice is an integral part of several botanical drugs and dietary supplements. To probe the botanicals' safety, herb-drug interaction potential of the hydroethanolic extracts of five Glycyrrhiza species and their key constituents was investigated by determining their effects on pregnane X receptor, aryl hydrocarbon receptor, two major cytochrome P450 isoforms (CYP3A4 and CYP1A2), and the metabolic clearance of antiviral drugs. All extracts enhanced transcriptional activity of PXR and AhR (>2-fold) and increased the enzyme activity of CYP3A4 and CYP1A2. The highest increase in CYP3A4 was seen with G. echinata (4-fold), and the highest increase in CYP1A2 was seen with G. uralensis (18-fold) and G. inflata (16-fold). Among the constituents, glabridin, licoisoflavone A, glyasperin C, and glycycoumarin activated PXR and AhR, glabridin being the most effective (6- and 27-fold increase, respectively). Licoisoflavone A, glyasperin C, and glycycoumarin increased CYP3A4 activity while glabridin, glyasperin C, glycycoumarin, and formononetin increased CYP1A2 activity (>2-fold). The metabolism of antiretroviral drugs (rilpivirine and dolutegravir) was increased by G. uralensis (2.0 and 2.5-fold) and its marker compound glycycoumarin (2.3 and 1.6-fold). The metabolism of dolutegravir was also increased by G. glabra (2.8-fold) but not by its marker compound, glabridin. These results suggest that licorice and its phytochemicals could affect the metabolism and clearance of certain drugs that are substrates of CYP3A4 and CYP1A2.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/19390211.2022.2050875 .
甘草品种(Glycyrrhiza species)(G. glabra、G. uralensis 和 G. inflata)的干燥根茎和根状茎俗称甘草,长期以来一直被用于传统医药中。此外,另外两个品种,即 G. echinata 和 G. lepidota,在某些市场上也被视为 "甘草"。目前,甘草是多种植物药和膳食补充剂的组成部分。为了探究植物药的安全性,我们研究了五种甘草及其主要成分的水乙醇提取物的草药-药物相互作用潜力,确定了它们对孕烷 X 受体、芳香烃受体、两种主要细胞色素 P450 同工酶(CYP3A4 和 CYP1A2)以及抗病毒药物代谢清除率的影响。所有提取物都增强了 PXR 和 AhR 的转录活性(大于 2 倍),并提高了 CYP3A4 和 CYP1A2 的酶活性。G. uralensis(18 倍)和 G. inflata(16 倍)对 CYP3A4 的增幅最大。在这些成分中,苁蓉黄素、甘草异黄酮 A、甘草黄素 C 和甘草香豆素能激活 PXR 和 AhR,其中苁蓉黄素的效果最好(分别增加了 6 倍和 27 倍)。甘草异黄酮 A、甘草甜素 C 和甘草香豆素提高了 CYP3A4 活性,而苁蓉黄素、甘草甜素 C、甘草香豆素和福莫尼定提高了 CYP1A2 活性(>2 倍)。G. uralensis(2.0 倍和 2.5 倍)及其标记化合物甘氨酰香豆素(2.3 倍和 1.6 倍)增加了抗逆转录病毒药物(利匹韦林和多罗特拉韦)的代谢。甘草对多罗替拉韦的代谢也有促进作用(2.8 倍),但其标记化合物甘草次苷却没有促进作用。这些结果表明,甘草及其植物化学物质可能会影响作为 CYP3A4 和 CYP1A2 底物的某些药物的代谢和清除。本文的补充数据可在 https://doi.org/10.1080/19390211.2022.2050875 上在线获取。
{"title":"Assessment of Herb-Drug Interaction Potential of Five Common Species of Licorice and Their Phytochemical Constituents.","authors":"Mona H Haron, Bharathi Avula, Zulfiqar Ali, Amar G Chittiboyina, Ikhlas A Khan, Jing Li, Vivian Wang, Charles Wu, Shabana I Khan","doi":"10.1080/19390211.2022.2050875","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19390211.2022.2050875","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The dried roots and rhizomes of <i>Glycyrrhiza</i> species (<i>G. glabra, G. uralensis</i> and <i>G. inflata</i>), commonly known as licorice, have long been used in traditional medicine. In addition, two other species, <i>G. echinata</i> and <i>G. lepidota</i> are also considered \"licorice\" in select markets. Currently, licorice is an integral part of several botanical drugs and dietary supplements. To probe the botanicals' safety, herb-drug interaction potential of the hydroethanolic extracts of five <i>Glycyrrhiza</i> species and their key constituents was investigated by determining their effects on pregnane X receptor, aryl hydrocarbon receptor, two major cytochrome P450 isoforms (CYP3A4 and CYP1A2), and the metabolic clearance of antiviral drugs. All extracts enhanced transcriptional activity of PXR and AhR (>2-fold) and increased the enzyme activity of CYP3A4 and CYP1A2. The highest increase in CYP3A4 was seen with <i>G. echinata</i> (4-fold), and the highest increase in CYP1A2 was seen with <i>G. uralensis</i> (18-fold) and <i>G. inflata</i> (16-fold). Among the constituents, glabridin, licoisoflavone A, glyasperin C, and glycycoumarin activated PXR and AhR, glabridin being the most effective (6- and 27-fold increase, respectively). Licoisoflavone A, glyasperin C, and glycycoumarin increased CYP3A4 activity while glabridin, glyasperin C, glycycoumarin, and formononetin increased CYP1A2 activity (>2-fold). The metabolism of antiretroviral drugs (rilpivirine and dolutegravir) was increased by <i>G. uralensis</i> (2.0 and 2.5-fold) and its marker compound glycycoumarin (2.3 and 1.6-fold). The metabolism of dolutegravir was also increased by <i>G. glabra</i> (2.8-fold) but not by its marker compound, glabridin. These results suggest that licorice and its phytochemicals could affect the metabolism and clearance of certain drugs that are substrates of CYP3A4 and CYP1A2.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/19390211.2022.2050875 .</p>","PeriodicalId":15646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dietary Supplements","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9603244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01Epub Date: 2022-07-29DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2022.2106006
Juliano Casonatto, João Vagner Cavalari
Lowering of peripheral vascular resistance is one of the primary processes involved in blood pressure decrease. Nitric oxide plays a significant role in this process and the availability of l-arginine is a crucial element in nitric oxide biosynthesis. Oral l-arginine supplementation may therefore be a potentiating element in post-exercise hypotension, mediated by its vasodilator action. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate if a single dose of l-arginine oral supplementation might impact the post-aerobic exercise blood pressure responses in treated hypertensive individuals. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial was conducted. The sample included male (4) and female (6) subjects [62 ± 10 years]. The participants were randomized to ingest one sachet containing 8 grams of l-arginine or placebo (corn starch) dissolved in water (100 ml). The substances were self-administered 120 min before the experimental or control session. The exercise was conducted on a treadmill and consisted of: a 5 min warm-up (50-65% HRreserve); 40 min of running/walking at 60-70% HRreserve; and a 5 min progressive cooldown. After the exercise sessions, blood pressure was measured every 10 min for 60 min. The l-arginine supplementation arm led to significant post-exercise systolic hypotension (mean post-exercise) in relation to rest period (117 ± 12 vs 125 ± 15 mmHg - p = 0.004 [l-arginine] and 121 ± 11 vs 125 ± 15 - p = 0.341 [placebo]). In addition, a systolic net effect of -6.9 ± 3.6 mmHg [p = 0.046] was identified for the mean post-exercise values. Therefore, this study showed that a single dosage of l-arginine oral supplementation induced post-aerobic exercise hypotension in hypertensive patients.
{"title":"A Single Dosage of l-Arginine Oral Supplementation Induced Post-Aerobic Exercise Hypotension in Hypertensive Patients.","authors":"Juliano Casonatto, João Vagner Cavalari","doi":"10.1080/19390211.2022.2106006","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19390211.2022.2106006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lowering of peripheral vascular resistance is one of the primary processes involved in blood pressure decrease. Nitric oxide plays a significant role in this process and the availability of l-arginine is a crucial element in nitric oxide biosynthesis. Oral l-arginine supplementation may therefore be a potentiating element in post-exercise hypotension, mediated by its vasodilator action. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate if a single dose of l-arginine oral supplementation might impact the post-aerobic exercise blood pressure responses in treated hypertensive individuals. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial was conducted. The sample included male (4) and female (6) subjects [62 ± 10 years]. The participants were randomized to ingest one sachet containing 8 grams of l-arginine or placebo (corn starch) dissolved in water (100 ml). The substances were self-administered 120 min before the experimental or control session. The exercise was conducted on a treadmill and consisted of: a 5 min warm-up (50-65% HRreserve); 40 min of running/walking at 60-70% HRreserve; and a 5 min progressive cooldown. After the exercise sessions, blood pressure was measured every 10 min for 60 min. The l-arginine supplementation arm led to significant post-exercise systolic hypotension (mean post-exercise) in relation to rest period (117 ± 12 vs 125 ± 15 mmHg - <i>p</i> = 0.004 [l-arginine] and 121 ± 11 vs 125 ± 15 - <i>p</i> = 0.341 [placebo]). In addition, a systolic net effect of -6.9 ± 3.6 mmHg [<i>p</i> = 0.046] was identified for the mean post-exercise values. Therefore, this study showed that a single dosage of l-arginine oral supplementation induced post-aerobic exercise hypotension in hypertensive patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":15646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dietary Supplements","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9890349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2021.2006387
Sreus A G Naidu, Ghulam Mustafa, Roger A Clemens, A Satyanarayan Naidu
The emergence of fast-spreading SARS-CoV-2 mutants has sparked a new phase of COVID-19 pandemic. There is a dire necessity for antivirals targeting highly conserved genomic domains on SARS-CoV-2 that are less prone to mutation. The nsp12, also known as the RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase (RdRp), the core component of 'SARS-CoV-2 replication-transcription complex', is a potential well-conserved druggable antiviral target. Several FDA-approved RdRp 'nucleotide analog inhibitors (NAIs)' such as remdesivir, have been repurposed to treat COVID-19 infections. The NAIs target RdRp protein translation and competitively block the nucleotide insertion into the RNA chain, resulting in the inhibition of viral replication. However, the replication proofreading function of nsp14-ExoN could provide resistance to SARS-CoV-2 against many NAIs. Conversely, the 'non-nucleoside analog inhibitors (NNAIs)' bind to allosteric sites on viral polymerase surface, change the redox state; thereby, exert antiviral activity by altering interactions between the enzyme substrate and active core catalytic site of the RdRp. NNAIs neither require metabolic activation (unlike NAIs) nor compete with intracellular pool of nucleotide triphosphates (NTPs) for anti-RdRp activity. The NNAIs from phytonutrient origin are potential antiviral candidates compared to their synthetic counterparts. Several in-silico studies reported the antiviral spectrum of natural phytonutrient-NNAIs such as Suramin, Silibinin (flavonolignan), Theaflavin (tea polyphenol), Baicalein (5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone), Corilagin (gallotannin), Hesperidin (citrus bioflavonoid), Lycorine (pyrrolidine alkaloid), with superior redox characteristics (free binding energy, hydrogen-bonds, etc.) than antiviral drugs (i.e. remdesivir, favipiravir). These phytonutrient-NNAIs also exert anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory and cardioprotective functions, with multifunctional therapeutic benefits in the clinical management of COVID-19.
{"title":"Plant-Derived Natural Non-Nucleoside Analog Inhibitors (NNAIs) against <i>RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase</i> Complex (nsp7/nsp8/nsp12) of SARS-CoV-2.","authors":"Sreus A G Naidu, Ghulam Mustafa, Roger A Clemens, A Satyanarayan Naidu","doi":"10.1080/19390211.2021.2006387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19390211.2021.2006387","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The emergence of fast-spreading SARS-CoV-2 mutants has sparked a new phase of COVID-19 pandemic. There is a dire necessity for antivirals targeting highly conserved genomic domains on SARS-CoV-2 that are less prone to mutation. The <i>nsp12</i>, also known as the <i>RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase</i> (RdRp), the core component of 'SARS-CoV-2 replication-transcription complex', is a potential well-conserved druggable antiviral target. Several FDA-approved RdRp 'nucleotide analog inhibitors (NAIs)' such as remdesivir, have been repurposed to treat COVID-19 infections. The NAIs target RdRp protein translation and competitively block the nucleotide insertion into the RNA chain, resulting in the inhibition of viral replication. However, the replication proofreading function of <i>nsp14-ExoN</i> could provide resistance to SARS-CoV-2 against many NAIs. Conversely, the 'non-nucleoside analog inhibitors (NNAIs)' bind to allosteric sites on viral polymerase surface, change the redox state; thereby, exert antiviral activity by altering interactions between the enzyme substrate and active core catalytic site of the RdRp. NNAIs neither require metabolic activation (unlike NAIs) nor compete with intracellular pool of nucleotide triphosphates (NTPs) for anti-RdRp activity. The NNAIs from phytonutrient origin are potential antiviral candidates compared to their synthetic counterparts. Several <i>in-silico</i> studies reported the antiviral spectrum of natural phytonutrient-NNAIs such as <i>Suramin</i>, <i>Silibinin</i> (flavonolignan), <i>Theaflavin</i> (tea polyphenol), <i>Baicalein</i> (5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone<i>)</i>, <i>Corilagin</i> (gallotannin), <i>Hesperidin</i> (citrus bioflavonoid), <i>Lycorine</i> (pyrrolidine alkaloid), with superior redox characteristics (free binding energy, hydrogen-bonds, etc.) than antiviral drugs (i.e. remdesivir, favipiravir). These phytonutrient-NNAIs also exert anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory and cardioprotective functions, with multifunctional therapeutic benefits in the clinical management of COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":15646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dietary Supplements","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9141273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2022.2075072
Sreus A G Naidu, Roger A Clemens, A Satyanarayan Naidu
Severe imbalance in iron metabolism among SARS-CoV-2 infected patients is prominent in every symptomatic (mild, moderate to severe) clinical phase of COVID-19. Phase-I - Hypoxia correlates with reduced O2 transport by erythrocytes, overexpression of HIF-1α, altered mitochondrial bioenergetics with host metabolic reprogramming (HMR). Phase-II - Hyperferritinemia results from an increased iron overload, which triggers a fulminant proinflammatory response - the acute cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Elevated cytokine levels (i.e. IL6, TNFα and CRP) strongly correlates with altered ferritin/TF ratios in COVID-19 patients. Phase-III - Thromboembolism is consequential to erythrocyte dysfunction with heme release, increased prothrombin time and elevated D-dimers, cumulatively linked to severe coagulopathies with life-threatening outcomes such as ARDS, and multi-organ failure. Taken together, Fe-R-H dysregulation is implicated in every symptomatic phase of COVID-19. Fe-R-H regulators such as lactoferrin (LF), hemoxygenase-1 (HO-1), erythropoietin (EPO) and hepcidin modulators are innate bio-replenishments that sequester iron, neutralize iron-mediated free radicals, reduce oxidative stress, and improve host defense by optimizing iron metabolism. Due to its pivotal role in 'cytokine storm', ferroptosis is a potential intervention target. Ferroptosis inhibitors such as ferrostatin-1, liproxstatin-1, quercetin, and melatonin could prevent mitochondrial lipid peroxidation, up-regulate antioxidant/GSH levels and abrogate iron overload-induced apoptosis through activation of Nrf2 and HO-1 signaling pathways. Iron chelators such as heparin, deferoxamine, caffeic acid, curcumin, α-lipoic acid, and phytic acid could protect against ferroptosis and restore mitochondrial function, iron-redox potential, and rebalance Fe-R-H status. Therefore, Fe-R-H restoration is a host biomarker-driven potential combat strategy for an effective clinical and post-recovery management of COVID-19.
{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 Infection Dysregulates Host Iron (Fe)-Redox Homeostasis (Fe-R-H): Role of Fe-Redox Regulators, Ferroptosis Inhibitors, Anticoagulants, and Iron-Chelators in COVID-19 Control.","authors":"Sreus A G Naidu, Roger A Clemens, A Satyanarayan Naidu","doi":"10.1080/19390211.2022.2075072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19390211.2022.2075072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Severe imbalance in iron metabolism among SARS-CoV-2 infected patients is prominent in every symptomatic (mild, moderate to severe) clinical phase of COVID-19. <i>Phase-I</i> - <i>Hypoxia</i> correlates with reduced O<sub>2</sub> transport by erythrocytes, overexpression of HIF-1α, altered mitochondrial bioenergetics with host metabolic reprogramming (HMR). <i>Phase-II - Hyperferritinemia</i> results from an increased iron overload, which triggers a fulminant proinflammatory response - the acute cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Elevated cytokine levels (i.e. IL6, TNFα and CRP) strongly correlates with altered ferritin/TF ratios in COVID-19 patients<i>. Phase-III - Thromboembolism</i> is consequential to erythrocyte dysfunction with heme release, increased prothrombin time and elevated D-dimers, cumulatively linked to severe coagulopathies with life-threatening outcomes such as ARDS, and multi-organ failure. Taken together, Fe-R-H dysregulation is implicated in every symptomatic phase of COVID-19. Fe-R-H regulators such as lactoferrin (LF), hemoxygenase-1 (HO-1), erythropoietin (EPO) and hepcidin modulators are innate bio-replenishments that sequester iron, neutralize iron-mediated free radicals, reduce oxidative stress, and improve host defense by optimizing iron metabolism. Due to its pivotal role in 'cytokine storm', ferroptosis is a potential intervention target. Ferroptosis inhibitors such as ferrostatin-1, liproxstatin-1, quercetin, and melatonin could prevent mitochondrial lipid peroxidation, up-regulate antioxidant/GSH levels and abrogate iron overload-induced apoptosis through activation of Nrf2 and HO-1 signaling pathways. Iron chelators such as heparin, deferoxamine, caffeic acid, curcumin, α-lipoic acid, and phytic acid could protect against ferroptosis and restore mitochondrial function, iron-redox potential, and rebalance Fe-R-H status. Therefore, Fe-R-H restoration is a host biomarker-driven potential combat strategy for an effective clinical and post-recovery management of COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":15646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dietary Supplements","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9195049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01Epub Date: 2022-09-30DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2022.2128501
Laura Acosta, Laura Byham-Gray, Mindy Kurzer, Hamed Samavat
The predominant catechin in green tea, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), may be hepatotoxic in high doses. Our objective was to investigate the influence of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4 (UGT1A4) genotypes on changes in liver injury biomarkers in response to long-term, high-dose green tea extract (GTE) supplementation among postmenopausal women. A secondary analysis was conducted using data from the Minnesota Green Tea Trial (N = 1,075), in which participants were randomized to consume high-dose GTE (843 mg/day EGCG) or placebo capsules for 12 months. Analysis of covariance adjusting for potential confounders was performed to examine changes in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), AST: ALT ratio, and alkaline phosphatase from baseline to months 3, 6, 9, and 12 across COMT and UGT1A4 genotypes. Mean age and BMI within the GTE group (n = 400) were 59.8 yrs and 25.1 kg/m2, respectively, and 98% of subjects were white. From baseline to month 3, mean AST: ALT ratio change was +1.0% in the COMT (rs4680) A/G genotype versus -4.8% in the A/A genotype (p = 0.03). From baseline to months 6 and 9, respectively, mean ALT change was +78.1% and +82.1% in the UGT1A4 (rs6755571) A/C genotype versus +28.0% and +30.1% in the C/C genotype (p < 0.001 and p = 0.004, respectively). The UGT1A4 (rs6755571) A/C genotype may be an important risk factor for clinically-relevant serum transaminase elevations with 6-9 months of high-dose GTE supplementation among postmenopausal women. Understanding the genetic underpinnings of GTE-related hepatotoxicity may allow for a genetically-informed paradigm for therapeutic use of GTE.
{"title":"Hepatotoxicity with High-Dose Green Tea Extract: Effect of <i>Catechol-O-Methyltransferase and Uridine 5'-Diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4</i> Genotypes.","authors":"Laura Acosta, Laura Byham-Gray, Mindy Kurzer, Hamed Samavat","doi":"10.1080/19390211.2022.2128501","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19390211.2022.2128501","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The predominant catechin in green tea, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), may be hepatotoxic in high doses. Our objective was to investigate the influence of <i>catechol-O-methyltransferase</i> (<i>COMT</i>) and <i>uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4</i> (<i>UGT1A4</i>) genotypes on changes in liver injury biomarkers in response to long-term, high-dose green tea extract (GTE) supplementation among postmenopausal women. A secondary analysis was conducted using data from the Minnesota Green Tea Trial (<i>N</i> = 1,075), in which participants were randomized to consume high-dose GTE (843 mg/day EGCG) or placebo capsules for 12 months. Analysis of covariance adjusting for potential confounders was performed to examine changes in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), AST: ALT ratio, and alkaline phosphatase from baseline to months 3, 6, 9, and 12 across <i>COMT</i> and <i>UGT1A4</i> genotypes. Mean age and BMI within the GTE group (<i>n</i> = 400) were 59.8 yrs and 25.1 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, respectively, and 98% of subjects were white. From baseline to month 3, mean AST: ALT ratio change was +1.0% in the <i>COMT</i> (rs4680) <i>A/G</i> genotype versus -4.8% in the <i>A/A</i> genotype (<i>p</i> = 0.03). From baseline to months 6 and 9, respectively, mean ALT change was +78.1% and +82.1% in the <i>UGT1A4</i> (rs6755571) <i>A/C</i> genotype versus +28.0% and +30.1% in the <i>C/C</i> genotype (<i>p</i> < 0.001 and <i>p</i> = 0.004, respectively). The <i>UGT1A4</i> (rs6755571) <i>A/C</i> genotype may be an important risk factor for clinically-relevant serum transaminase elevations with 6-9 months of high-dose GTE supplementation among postmenopausal women. Understanding the genetic underpinnings of GTE-related hepatotoxicity may allow for a genetically-informed paradigm for therapeutic use of GTE.</p>","PeriodicalId":15646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dietary Supplements","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10060436/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9209934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01Epub Date: 2022-08-26DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2022.2110351
Mona H Haron, Olivia Dale, Katherine Martin, Bharathi Avula, Amar G Chittiboyina, Ikhlas A Khan, Bill J Gurley, Shabana I Khan
In this study, hydroethanolic extracts of 30 top-selling botanicals (herbs) commonly used as ingredients of herbal dietary supplements in the US were screened for their potential to activate the human pregnane X receptor (hPXR) and human aryl hydrocarbon receptor (hAhR) and to increase the activities of hPXR- and hAhR-regulated drug metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzymes (i.e., CYP3A4 and CYP1A2, respectively). Of the 30 botanicals tested, 21 induced PXR and 29 induced AhR transcriptional activities. Out of the 21 botanicals that induced hPXR transcriptional activity, 14 yielded >50% induction in CYP3A4 activity at concentrations ranging from 6 to 60 µg/mL and 16 out of the 29 botanicals that activated hAhR yielded >50% induction in CYP1A2 activity at concentrations ranging from 3 to 30 µg/mL. Moreover, eight botanicals (G. gummi-gutta [garcinia], Hemp [low and high CBD content], H. perforatum [St. John's wort], M. vulgare [horehound], M. oleifera [moringa], O. vulgare [oregano], P. johimbe [yohimbe] and W. somnifera [ashwagandha]) yielded >50% induction in both CYP3A4 and CYP1A2 activity. Herbal products are mixtures of phytoconstituents, any of which could modulate drug metabolism. Our data reveals that several top-selling botanicals may pose herb-drug interaction (HDI) risks via CYP450 induction. While in vitro experiments can provide useful guidance in assessing a botanical's HDI potential, their clinical relevance needs to be investigated in vivo. Botanicals whose effects on hPXR/CYP3A4, and hAhR/CYP1A2 activity were most pronounced will be slated for further clinical investigation.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Herb-Drug Interaction Potential of Commonly Used Botanicals on the US Market with Regard to PXR- and AhR-Mediated Influences on CYP3A4 and CYP1A2.","authors":"Mona H Haron, Olivia Dale, Katherine Martin, Bharathi Avula, Amar G Chittiboyina, Ikhlas A Khan, Bill J Gurley, Shabana I Khan","doi":"10.1080/19390211.2022.2110351","DOIUrl":"10.1080/19390211.2022.2110351","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, hydroethanolic extracts of 30 top-selling botanicals (herbs) commonly used as ingredients of herbal dietary supplements in the US were screened for their potential to activate the human pregnane X receptor (hPXR) and human aryl hydrocarbon receptor (hAhR) and to increase the activities of hPXR- and hAhR-regulated drug metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzymes (i.e., CYP3A4 and CYP1A2, respectively). Of the 30 botanicals tested, 21 induced PXR and 29 induced AhR transcriptional activities. Out of the 21 botanicals that induced hPXR transcriptional activity, 14 yielded >50% induction in CYP3A4 activity at concentrations ranging from 6 to 60 µg/mL and 16 out of the 29 botanicals that activated hAhR yielded >50% induction in CYP1A2 activity at concentrations ranging from 3 to 30 µg/mL. Moreover, eight botanicals (<i>G. gummi-gutta</i> [garcinia], Hemp [low and high CBD content], <i>H. perforatum</i> [St. John's wort], <i>M. vulgare</i> [horehound], <i>M. oleifera</i> [moringa], <i>O. vulgare</i> [oregano], <i>P. johimbe</i> [yohimbe] and <i>W. somnifera</i> [ashwagandha]) yielded >50% induction in both CYP3A4 and CYP1A2 activity. Herbal products are mixtures of phytoconstituents, any of which could modulate drug metabolism. Our data reveals that several top-selling botanicals may pose herb-drug interaction (HDI) risks <i>via</i> CYP450 induction. While <i>in vitro</i> experiments can provide useful guidance in assessing a botanical's HDI potential, their clinical relevance needs to be investigated <i>in vivo</i>. Botanicals whose effects on hPXR/CYP3A4, and hAhR/CYP1A2 activity were most pronounced will be slated for further clinical investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dietary Supplements","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9969370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}