Pub Date : 2019-10-09DOI: 10.47125/jesam/2018_1/05
Roselyn Furoc-Paelmo, Russel Son A. Cosico, R. E. Cabahug, A. Castillo, A. Castillo, R. Visco
This documentation research sought to evaluate the effectiveness of rubber-based agroforestry typologies as a climate change adaptation strategy in the major rubber producing regions in the Philippines, particularly in Agusan del Sur and North Cotabato. It focused on the understanding/perception of the RBAS farmer respondents on climate change and their account of its influence on the production system and their coping mechanisms. Among the farmer respondents, drought (El Niño), typhoon, strong winds, heavy rains/excessive rainfall, flash floods and landslides are among the common evidences of climate change. Generally, most of the adaptation strategies employed is through cultural management practices like minimized usage of inorganic fertilizer and chemical pesticides from Agusan del Sur farmer respondents while some of the farmer respondents in North Cotabato employed organic farming practices to adapt to climate change. For both provinces, farmer respondents particularly identified agroforestry and diversified farming system as an effective adaptation strategy. Results proved the potential of the rubber-based agroforestry system to evolve as a resilient farming practice to adapt to climate change vis-à-vis stable biological and economic productivity, controlled occurrence of pest and diseases and minimized detrimental effects of climate change on the agroforestry farm component as a whole.
{"title":"Farmers’ Perception on the Sustainability of a Rubber- Based Agroforestry System as a Climate Change Adaptation Strategy in Agusan Del Sur and North Cotabato, Philippines","authors":"Roselyn Furoc-Paelmo, Russel Son A. Cosico, R. E. Cabahug, A. Castillo, A. Castillo, R. Visco","doi":"10.47125/jesam/2018_1/05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47125/jesam/2018_1/05","url":null,"abstract":"This documentation research sought to evaluate the effectiveness of rubber-based agroforestry typologies as a climate change adaptation strategy in the major rubber producing regions in the Philippines, particularly in Agusan del Sur and North Cotabato. It focused on the understanding/perception of the RBAS farmer respondents on climate change and their account of its influence on the production system and their coping mechanisms. Among the farmer respondents, drought (El Niño), typhoon, strong winds, heavy rains/excessive rainfall, flash floods and landslides are among the common evidences of climate change. Generally, most of the adaptation strategies employed is through cultural management practices like minimized usage of inorganic fertilizer and chemical pesticides from Agusan del Sur farmer respondents while some of the farmer respondents in North Cotabato employed organic farming practices to adapt to climate change. For both provinces, farmer respondents particularly identified agroforestry and diversified farming system as an effective adaptation strategy. Results proved the potential of the rubber-based agroforestry system to evolve as a resilient farming practice to adapt to climate change vis-à-vis stable biological and economic productivity, controlled occurrence of pest and diseases and minimized detrimental effects of climate change on the agroforestry farm component as a whole.","PeriodicalId":15657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44123876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-09DOI: 10.47125/jesam/2018_1/01
S. Khan, Q. Khan, Muhammad Jamil Khan, Sabir Gul Khattak, Asghar Khan
To estimate the sorption and desorption capacity of some selected calcareous soils Jhatpat, Miani Pacca and Hadhwar from southern Punjab in Pakistan were analyzed. The sorption isotherms of the three soils yielded different curves. The maximum sorption was recorded in the Miani pacca soil series with value of sorption 201. 23 mg kg-1 which was followed by the Hadhwar series with peak sorption value of 190.04 mg kg-1. The lowest value for sorption was determined in the Jhatpat soil series. Comparing the different models (Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin), Freundlich model showed good fit to the sorption isotherms with regression coefficient (R2) having value of 0.99, 0.99 and 0. 98 for Jhatpat, Miani pacca and Hadhwar soil series respectively, which was higher than the other two models used. The study on the effect of equilibration time (1, 10, 30 and 60 days) of applied inorganic Phosphatic fertilizers i.e. Single super phosphate (SSP) and diammonium phosphate (DAP) @ 60 and 120 kg ha-1 on two soil series with highest P sorption. The P sorption increased with increase in the time of equilibration, with higher value of extractable P was found 22.246 mg P kg-1 after 1 day of incubation, and it gradually decreased with the lowest value of 8.271 mg kg-1after 60 days of incubation.
为了估计巴基斯坦旁遮普省南部选定的一些钙质土壤Jhatpat、Miani Pacca和Hadhwar的吸附和解吸能力，对其进行了分析。三种土壤的吸附等温线产生了不同的曲线。最大吸附量记录在Miani pacca土壤系列中，吸附值为201。23 mg kg-1，随后是吸附峰值为190.04 mg kg-1的Hadhwar系列。Jhatpat土壤系列中确定了最低的吸附值。比较不同模型（Langmuir、Freundlich和Temkin），Freundlicch模型与吸附等温线拟合良好，回归系数（R2）分别为0.99、0.99和0。Jhatpat、Miani pacca和Hadhwar土壤系列分别为98，高于其他两个使用的模型。研究了在60和120 kg ha-1条件下施用无机磷肥（SSP）和磷酸二铵（DAP）对两个磷吸附量最高的土壤系列的平衡时间（1、10、30和60天）的影响。P的吸附量随着平衡时间的增加而增加，培养1天后可提取的P值较高，为22.246 mg P kg-1，培养60天后逐渐降低，最低值为8.271 mg kg-1。
{"title":"Soil Phosphate Sorption Characteristics of Selected Calcareous Soil Series of Southern Punjab, Pakistan","authors":"S. Khan, Q. Khan, Muhammad Jamil Khan, Sabir Gul Khattak, Asghar Khan","doi":"10.47125/jesam/2018_1/01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47125/jesam/2018_1/01","url":null,"abstract":"To estimate the sorption and desorption capacity of some selected calcareous soils Jhatpat, Miani Pacca and Hadhwar from southern Punjab in Pakistan were analyzed. The sorption isotherms of the three soils yielded different curves. The maximum sorption was recorded in the Miani pacca soil series with value of sorption 201. 23 mg kg-1 which was followed by the Hadhwar series with peak sorption value of 190.04 mg kg-1. The lowest value for sorption was determined in the Jhatpat soil series. Comparing the different models (Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin), Freundlich model showed good fit to the sorption isotherms with regression coefficient (R2) having value of 0.99, 0.99 and 0. 98 for Jhatpat, Miani pacca and Hadhwar soil series respectively, which was higher than the other two models used. The study on the effect of equilibration time (1, 10, 30 and 60 days) of applied inorganic Phosphatic fertilizers i.e. Single super phosphate (SSP) and diammonium phosphate (DAP) @ 60 and 120 kg ha-1 on two soil series with highest P sorption. The P sorption increased with increase in the time of equilibration, with higher value of extractable P was found 22.246 mg P kg-1 after 1 day of incubation, and it gradually decreased with the lowest value of 8.271 mg kg-1after 60 days of incubation.","PeriodicalId":15657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49451017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-25DOI: 10.47125/jesam/2018_2/06
N. T. Le
Rural fresh water and sanitation (RFWS) is one of vulnerable sector in the context of climate change (CC). However, vulnerability to CC of RFWS has not yet been assessed in-depth and hardly considered the integrated approach via index method. This study thus aimed to establish vulnerability indicators to CC of RFWS for a comprehensive assessment. By literature review, factors reflecting exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity to CC of RFWS were sufficiently and systematically determined. Expert consulting method was then applied to complete the indicator set, consisting of 53 indicators. There were 22 variables reflecting the exposure to temperature, precipitation, storm, flood, riverbank landslide, saltwater intrusion, and drought; 12 sensitivity variables related to population, water supply and waste treatment, and environment; and 19 adaptivity variables mainly based on facilities and human capitals. The feasibility of the indicator set was examined in a coastal area in Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam, where the RFWS is a matter of concern and at high risk of CC impacts. Research findings were expected to be an important basis for assessing and proposing measures to cope with CC of RFWS sector.
{"title":"Identifying Vulnerability Indicators of Rural Freshwater and Sanitation Systems to Climate Change and its Application in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam","authors":"N. T. Le","doi":"10.47125/jesam/2018_2/06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47125/jesam/2018_2/06","url":null,"abstract":"Rural fresh water and sanitation (RFWS) is one of vulnerable sector in the context of climate change (CC). However, vulnerability to CC of RFWS has not yet been assessed in-depth and hardly considered the integrated approach via index method. This study thus aimed to establish vulnerability indicators to CC of RFWS for a comprehensive assessment. By literature review, factors reflecting exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity to CC of RFWS were sufficiently and systematically determined. Expert consulting method was then applied to complete the indicator set, consisting of 53 indicators. There were 22 variables reflecting the exposure to temperature, precipitation, storm, flood, riverbank landslide, saltwater intrusion, and drought; 12 sensitivity variables related to population, water supply and waste treatment, and environment; and 19 adaptivity variables mainly based on facilities and human capitals. The feasibility of the indicator set was examined in a coastal area in Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam, where the RFWS is a matter of concern and at high risk of CC impacts. Research findings were expected to be an important basis for assessing and proposing measures to cope with CC of RFWS sector.","PeriodicalId":15657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45739944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-25DOI: 10.47125/jesam/2018_2/10
Maria Helen F. Dayo, A. Rola, C. Abansi, Joy C. Lizada, Rosalie Arcala Hall, I. Siason
Mount Banahaw, an active volcano and a watershed tn the municipality of Dolores, Quezon province, Philippines, is also a considered a sacred place. This study discussed the community outcomes arising from the conceptual dichotomy of perceptions of multi-use of water by formal organizations such as water districts for domestic use and by informal organizations such as the religious groups for the sacred or religious use of water from the sacred mountain; and the negotiations among these different actors and agents for water access. Results distilled lessons around the interlocking themes of water use and institutions in the access and allocation of water resources as water transits from non-consumptive use to use value. Polycentric water governance is necessary in the context of Mount Banahaw’s cultural, social and economic realities.
{"title":"When Sacred Water Becomes an Economic Good: Tensions and Governance Challenges in Mount Banahaw, Philippines","authors":"Maria Helen F. Dayo, A. Rola, C. Abansi, Joy C. Lizada, Rosalie Arcala Hall, I. Siason","doi":"10.47125/jesam/2018_2/10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47125/jesam/2018_2/10","url":null,"abstract":"Mount Banahaw, an active volcano and a watershed tn the municipality of Dolores, Quezon province, Philippines, is also a considered a sacred place. This study discussed the community outcomes arising from the conceptual dichotomy of perceptions of multi-use of water by formal organizations such as water districts for domestic use and by informal organizations such as the religious groups for the sacred or religious use of water from the sacred mountain; and the negotiations among these different actors and agents for water access. Results distilled lessons around the interlocking themes of water use and institutions in the access and allocation of water resources as water transits from non-consumptive use to use value. Polycentric water governance is necessary in the context of Mount Banahaw’s cultural, social and economic realities.","PeriodicalId":15657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45855270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-25DOI: 10.47125/jesam/2018_2/08
Clarice Colting-Pulumbarit, R. Lasco, C. Rebancos, J. Coladilla
Climate change adaptation is vital for farmers in developing countries due to the high vulnerability of agricultural livelihoods. Scientific literature proposed that organic farming is a promising adaptation strategy, but micro-level studies are lacking. This study compared the adaptive capacity to climate risks of organic and conventional vegetable farmers in La Trinidad, Benguet in the Philippines. Guided by the Sustainable Livelihoods framework, thirty variables under the five livelihood capitals were used to compute Household Adaptive Capacity Index (HACI). Organic farming households have higher adaptive capacity than the conventional group, and have higher natural, financial, human, and social capital. The higher adaptive capacity of organic farmers was due to farm practices related to organic agriculture such as crop diversification, sustainable land management, and participation in organizations. This indicated that organic farming potentially enhances adaptive capacity of vegetable farming households. Findings support literature on the contribution of organic farming to the resilience of agricultural systems. Increased support toward higher adoption of organic farming in areas with similar context is recommended for adaptive management to climate change.
由于农业生计的高度脆弱性，适应气候变化对发展中国家的农民至关重要。科学文献提出有机农业是一种很有前景的适应策略，但缺乏微观层面的研究。本研究比较了菲律宾Benguet La Trinidad地区有机蔬菜种植者和传统蔬菜种植者对气候风险的适应能力。在可持续生计框架的指导下，利用五个生计资本下的30个变量计算家庭适应能力指数。有机农户比传统农户具有更高的适应能力，具有更高的自然资本、金融资本、人力资本和社会资本。有机农民较高的适应能力是由于与有机农业相关的农业实践，如作物多样化、可持续土地管理和参与组织。这表明有机耕作有提高蔬菜农户适应能力的潜力。研究结果支持了有关有机农业对农业系统恢复力的贡献的文献。建议在具有类似背景的地区增加对有机农业的支持，以适应气候变化的管理。
{"title":"Sustainable Livelihoods-Based Assessment of Adaptive Capacity to Climate Change: The Case of Organic and Conventional Vegetable Farmers in La Trinidad, Benguet, Philippines","authors":"Clarice Colting-Pulumbarit, R. Lasco, C. Rebancos, J. Coladilla","doi":"10.47125/jesam/2018_2/08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47125/jesam/2018_2/08","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change adaptation is vital for farmers in developing countries due to the high vulnerability of agricultural livelihoods. Scientific literature proposed that organic farming is a promising adaptation strategy, but micro-level studies are lacking. This study compared the adaptive capacity to climate risks of organic and conventional vegetable farmers in La Trinidad, Benguet in the Philippines. Guided by the Sustainable Livelihoods framework, thirty variables under the five livelihood capitals were used to compute Household Adaptive Capacity Index (HACI). Organic farming households have higher adaptive capacity than the conventional group, and have higher natural, financial, human, and social capital. The higher adaptive capacity of organic farmers was due to farm practices related to organic agriculture such as crop diversification, sustainable land management, and participation in organizations. This indicated that organic farming potentially enhances adaptive capacity of vegetable farming households. Findings support literature on the contribution of organic farming to the resilience of agricultural systems. Increased support toward higher adoption of organic farming in areas with similar context is recommended for adaptive management to climate change.","PeriodicalId":15657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44664473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-25DOI: 10.47125/jesam/2018_2/01
Wong Ling Shing, Tan Yeong Hwang, Kiew Wen Yi, Lim Jun Han, Ong Ghim Hock
Metals and pesticides are common environmental pollutants. The presence of these pollutants in the environment need to be closely monitored because of its toxicity effects to human beings. In this study, the responses of Spirogyra in the form of changes in chlorophyll content due to the exposure to these pollutants were reported. The algae was collected from natural environment, immobilized with agarose gel, and then being exposed to lead (Pb), aluminium (Al), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), atrazine and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The changes of chlorophyll in the algae were measured for 48 hours using a spectrophotometer at 663 nm and 450 nm respectively. The content of the pigment was changed due to the presence of the pollutants at concentrations of 0.001 mg L-1 to 1.000 mg L-1. The change might due to the biochemical reactions triggered by the pollutants. The response could potentially be used as whole cell bioindicator for the detection of the presence of metals and pesticides.
{"title":"Using the Responses of Green Algae Spirogyra as Bioindicator for Metals and Pesticides Pollution","authors":"Wong Ling Shing, Tan Yeong Hwang, Kiew Wen Yi, Lim Jun Han, Ong Ghim Hock","doi":"10.47125/jesam/2018_2/01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47125/jesam/2018_2/01","url":null,"abstract":"Metals and pesticides are common environmental pollutants. The presence of these pollutants in the environment need to be closely monitored because of its toxicity effects to human beings. In this study, the responses of Spirogyra in the form of changes in chlorophyll content due to the exposure to these pollutants were reported. The algae was collected from natural environment, immobilized with agarose gel, and then being exposed to lead (Pb), aluminium (Al), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), atrazine and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The changes of chlorophyll in the algae were measured for 48 hours using a spectrophotometer at 663 nm and 450 nm respectively. The content of the pigment was changed due to the presence of the pollutants at concentrations of 0.001 mg L-1 to 1.000 mg L-1. The change might due to the biochemical reactions triggered by the pollutants. The response could potentially be used as whole cell bioindicator for the detection of the presence of metals and pesticides.","PeriodicalId":15657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46679365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-25DOI: 10.47125/jesam/2019_1/06
G. Nelson, O. Zamora, L. E. Guzman, Rosario V. Tatlonghari, M. Espaldon, Jelly A. Brillon
Climate change has become a major threat to the livelihoods of many farmers in the Philippines, particularly among the indigenous groups. It has been recognized that traditional knowledge is an important source of information for climate change adaptation, for embedded into it are coping strategies evolved through and passed on to generations. This study documented through key informant interviews, focus group discussions and farm visits the indigenous knowledge for climate change adaptation of the Suludnons and Ati in Iloilo. Since 2003, their communities experienced climate change as manifested by strong typhoons, landslides, and the various forms of crop and human diseases. Their responses to climate change include biodiversity-based cropping systems, changes in cropping calendar, use of indigenous varieties, consumption of non-traditional/wild foods, indigenous warning systems and diversified income sources. Both indigenous groups are beneficiaries of government and non-government projects, grants and agricultural trainings where they learned new farming technologies. The traditional practices combined with the adoption of selected agricultural technologies have helped the have helped the Suludnon and the Ati groups become become sustainable and climate-resilient farming communities amidst the adverse impact of climate change on their lives.
{"title":"The Indigenous Practices and Climate Change Responses of Ati and Suludnon Farmers in Iloilo, Philippines","authors":"G. Nelson, O. Zamora, L. E. Guzman, Rosario V. Tatlonghari, M. Espaldon, Jelly A. Brillon","doi":"10.47125/jesam/2019_1/06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47125/jesam/2019_1/06","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change has become a major threat to the livelihoods of many farmers in the Philippines, particularly among the indigenous groups. It has been recognized that traditional knowledge is an important source of information for climate change adaptation, for embedded into it are coping strategies evolved through and passed on to generations. This study documented through key informant interviews, focus group discussions and farm visits the indigenous knowledge for climate change adaptation of the Suludnons and Ati in Iloilo. Since 2003, their communities experienced climate change as manifested by strong typhoons, landslides, and the various forms of crop and human diseases. Their responses to climate change include biodiversity-based cropping systems, changes in cropping calendar, use of indigenous varieties, consumption of non-traditional/wild foods, indigenous warning systems and diversified income sources. Both indigenous groups are beneficiaries of government and non-government projects, grants and agricultural trainings where they learned new farming technologies. The traditional practices combined with the adoption of selected agricultural technologies have helped the have helped the Suludnon and the Ati groups become become sustainable and climate-resilient farming communities amidst the adverse impact of climate change on their lives.","PeriodicalId":15657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48901199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-25DOI: 10.47125/jesam/2018_2/04
Mandla Xaba, J. Olowoyo, G. Scott
Combustion of coal in power stations is one of the main sources of environmental pollution due to the generation of trace metals. This study investigated levels of trace metals from five different plants and soils around a coal-fired power station in Tshwane, South Africa. Plants and soil samples were collected from different points (10, 500 and 750 m) along different directions (North West, North East, South West and South East) and analyzed for metals contents using Inductive Couple Plasma–Optical Emission Spectrophotometer (ICP-OES). A significant increase in the concentration of trace metals was detected from the stack pointing to the effect of the long stack in depositing more trace metals at a distance of 750 m away from the power station. Digitaria diagonalis and Tagetes minuta have significantly higher concentrations of trace metals than other plants collected around the area (p < 0.05). The soil pH was in the range 5.13 ± 0.11 to 6.01 ± 0.12. The concentrations for all elements in soil were recorded in the following descending order: Fe > Al > Mg > Cr > Zn > Cu > Pb >Ni > Co.
{"title":"Trace Metal Deposition on Soil and Accumulation in Plants around a Coal Power Station in Pretoria, South Africa","authors":"Mandla Xaba, J. Olowoyo, G. Scott","doi":"10.47125/jesam/2018_2/04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47125/jesam/2018_2/04","url":null,"abstract":"Combustion of coal in power stations is one of the main sources of environmental pollution due to the generation of trace metals. This study investigated levels of trace metals from five different plants and soils around a coal-fired power station in Tshwane, South Africa. Plants and soil samples were collected from different points (10, 500 and 750 m) along different directions (North West, North East, South West and South East) and analyzed for metals contents using Inductive Couple Plasma–Optical Emission Spectrophotometer (ICP-OES). A significant increase in the concentration of trace metals was detected from the stack pointing to the effect of the long stack in depositing more trace metals at a distance of 750 m away from the power station. Digitaria diagonalis and Tagetes minuta have significantly higher concentrations of trace metals than other plants collected around the area (p < 0.05). The soil pH was in the range 5.13 ± 0.11 to 6.01 ± 0.12. The concentrations for all elements in soil were recorded in the following descending order: Fe > Al > Mg > Cr > Zn > Cu > Pb >Ni > Co.","PeriodicalId":15657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47209237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-25DOI: 10.47125/jesam/2019_1/10
Carmel C. Gacho, F. Coronado, M. Tansengco, Joven R. Barcelo, C. Borromeo, B. Gutiérrez
Water samples collected from abandoned mining sites in Itogon, Benguet, Philippines were screened for metal resistant microorganisms, in particular yeasts that will be used to remove toxic metals such as Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr and Ni from aqueous media. Among the five yeast strains selected and five heavy metals tested, Nodulisporium sp. exhibited the highest removal efficiency of 80% and biosorption capacity of 56.7 mg g-1 for Pb. This was based on the model equation for each metal that was generated to derive optimum response for removal efficiency. The metal accumulation potential for all selected yeast isolates was generally higher at the lower initial metal concentration of 25 mg L-1, indicating rapid metal absorbing ability of the isolate and that adsorption sites in the biomass are taking up available metal ions more quickly. An increased removal capability was observed when the best isolate was applied in a semi-continuous treatment system thru an Aerobic Cascading Filter Bed Baffled Reactor (ACFBBR). The reactor design including the packing material remarkably enhanced the contact between the yeast biomass and Pb contaminated wastewater resulting in a much greater biosorption capacity of 170.14 mg g-1 as compared to the biosorption of 56.7 mg g-1 achieved during the batch adsorption experiment.
{"title":"Isolation, Identification and Heavy Metal Biosorption Assessment of Yeast Isolates Indigenous to Abandoned Mine Sites of Itogon Benguet, Philippines","authors":"Carmel C. Gacho, F. Coronado, M. Tansengco, Joven R. Barcelo, C. Borromeo, B. Gutiérrez","doi":"10.47125/jesam/2019_1/10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47125/jesam/2019_1/10","url":null,"abstract":"Water samples collected from abandoned mining sites in Itogon, Benguet, Philippines were screened for metal resistant microorganisms, in particular yeasts that will be used to remove toxic metals such as Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr and Ni from aqueous media. Among the five yeast strains selected and five heavy metals tested, Nodulisporium sp. exhibited the highest removal efficiency of 80% and biosorption capacity of 56.7 mg g-1 for Pb. This was based on the model equation for each metal that was generated to derive optimum response for removal efficiency. The metal accumulation potential for all selected yeast isolates was generally higher at the lower initial metal concentration of 25 mg L-1, indicating rapid metal absorbing ability of the isolate and that adsorption sites in the biomass are taking up available metal ions more quickly. An increased removal capability was observed when the best isolate was applied in a semi-continuous treatment system thru an Aerobic Cascading Filter Bed Baffled Reactor (ACFBBR). The reactor design including the packing material remarkably enhanced the contact between the yeast biomass and Pb contaminated wastewater resulting in a much greater biosorption capacity of 170.14 mg g-1 as compared to the biosorption of 56.7 mg g-1 achieved during the batch adsorption experiment.","PeriodicalId":15657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42391509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-25DOI: 10.47125/jesam/2018_2/03
Rhea Mallari, J. R. Micor, E. D. del Rosario
Visible spectrophotometry (VS) and digital photometry (DP) for determining chemical oxygen demand (COD) were compared; the latter method involved image processing of digital photographs of analyte solutions using RGB-AIC software. Statistical analysis showed that COD values of untreated and treated (trickling filter) wastewater samples from a hog slaughterhouse were not significantly different using VS and DP methods. The COD values were not significantly different among the treated samples as well using a* and L* plots. Tests for accuracy and repeatability of the DP method showed acceptable results. The calculated limit of detection (LOD) for DP was 0.73 mg L-1 while the LOD for VS was 0.33 mg L-1. The accuracy of the DP method was validated using glucose solutions of known COD values; t-tests performed at 95% confidence level showed no significant differences in COD values between (1) theory and experiment, (2) VS and DP and (3) a* and L* plots. These findings suggest that digital photometry is accurate and can be used as an equally accurate alternative to conventional spectrophotometry.
{"title":"Comparison of Spectrophotometric and Digital Photometric Methods for Determining Chemical Oxygen Demand","authors":"Rhea Mallari, J. R. Micor, E. D. del Rosario","doi":"10.47125/jesam/2018_2/03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47125/jesam/2018_2/03","url":null,"abstract":"Visible spectrophotometry (VS) and digital photometry (DP) for determining chemical oxygen demand (COD) were compared; the latter method involved image processing of digital photographs of analyte solutions using RGB-AIC software. Statistical analysis showed that COD values of untreated and treated (trickling filter) wastewater samples from a hog slaughterhouse were not significantly different using VS and DP methods. The COD values were not significantly different among the treated samples as well using a* and L* plots. Tests for accuracy and repeatability of the DP method showed acceptable results. The calculated limit of detection (LOD) for DP was 0.73 mg L-1 while the LOD for VS was 0.33 mg L-1. The accuracy of the DP method was validated using glucose solutions of known COD values; t-tests performed at 95% confidence level showed no significant differences in COD values between (1) theory and experiment, (2) VS and DP and (3) a* and L* plots. These findings suggest that digital photometry is accurate and can be used as an equally accurate alternative to conventional spectrophotometry.","PeriodicalId":15657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41903798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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