Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.47125/jesam/2020_sp2/01
E. Galang, B. Calub
Social-ecological transitions in the silvopastoral system of San Isidro, Rosario, Batangas, Philippines were analyzed using land cover trends and community perceptions. A combination of remote sensing processing, randomized survey, and participatory approaches were conducted. Four of six land cover categories (forests/orchards, grasslands, crop fields and water bodies) were identified to be sources of ecosystem services in the landscape which are essential for cattle farming. In 2000, the landscape became an on-farm research site on cattle farming. Coupled with other social factors such as land privatization and infrastructure development, this has reshaped land cover changes over time. In response, cattle farming dynamics, especially during critical dry periods, have adapted through measures such as switching to greater supplementation of commercial feeds. Despite social-ecological transitions, the cattle-based silvopastoral system in the landscape has persisted by exhibiting key principles of resilience such as diversity, connectivity, and feedback management. However, concerns on further impacts of key issues (e.g., land privatization) should be addressed to sustain the cattle-based silvopastoral system in the landscape. This study provides critical insights on how natural resource management by communities and policies by decision makers should carefully consider their potential impacts in sustaining locally important ecosystem services in the face of rapidly transitioning social-ecological systems.
{"title":"Social-ecological Transitions in a Cattle-based Silvopastoral System in Southern Luzon, Philippines","authors":"E. Galang, B. Calub","doi":"10.47125/jesam/2020_sp2/01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47125/jesam/2020_sp2/01","url":null,"abstract":"Social-ecological transitions in the silvopastoral system of San Isidro, Rosario, Batangas, Philippines were analyzed using land cover trends and community perceptions. A combination of remote sensing processing, randomized survey, and participatory approaches were conducted. Four of six land cover categories (forests/orchards, grasslands, crop fields and water bodies) were identified to be sources of ecosystem services in the landscape which are essential for cattle farming. In 2000, the landscape became an on-farm research site on cattle farming. Coupled with other social factors such as land privatization and infrastructure development, this has reshaped land cover changes over time. In response, cattle farming dynamics, especially during critical dry periods, have adapted through measures such as switching to greater supplementation of commercial feeds. Despite social-ecological transitions, the cattle-based silvopastoral system in the landscape has persisted by exhibiting key principles of resilience such as diversity, connectivity, and feedback management. However, concerns on further impacts of key issues (e.g., land privatization) should be addressed to sustain the cattle-based silvopastoral system in the landscape. This study provides critical insights on how natural resource management by communities and policies by decision makers should carefully consider their potential impacts in sustaining locally important ecosystem services in the face of rapidly transitioning social-ecological systems.","PeriodicalId":15657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43075065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.47125/jesam/2020_sp2/03
Felissa Malabayabas, R. Baconguis
This study analyzed the knowledge sharing of adaptation strategies to climate stresses among selected upland farmers in Benguet, Philippines. Mixed method research design was employed, and survey questionnaire and in-depth interviews were used in gathering responses. Fifty-three farmers served as survey respondents in the study while selected individuals from the agriculture sector served as key informants. The four climate stresses identified were: frost, strong typhoons, drought and hail. All of the adaptation strategies for the four climate stresses were categorized based on water management, nutrient management, and pest and diseases management for specific crops. Descriptive statistics and UCINET software were used to analyze knowledge sharing flow. Results showed that knowledge sharing dynamics of farmers were limited to the people they know and trust, and dependent on expected reciprocal exchanges. The results reveal the need for strategies to enhance knowledge dissemination in dispersed, upland areas, given the restricted knowledge sharing behaviour revealed in these findings.
{"title":"Knowledge Sharing of Farmers’Adaptation Strategies on Climate Stresses in Benguet, Philippines","authors":"Felissa Malabayabas, R. Baconguis","doi":"10.47125/jesam/2020_sp2/03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47125/jesam/2020_sp2/03","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyzed the knowledge sharing of adaptation strategies to climate stresses among selected upland farmers in Benguet, Philippines. Mixed method research design was employed, and survey questionnaire and in-depth interviews were used in gathering responses. Fifty-three farmers served as survey respondents in the study while selected individuals from the agriculture sector served as key informants. The four climate stresses identified were: frost, strong typhoons, drought and hail. All of the adaptation strategies for the four climate stresses were categorized based on water management, nutrient management, and pest and diseases management for specific crops. Descriptive statistics and UCINET software were used to analyze knowledge sharing flow. Results showed that knowledge sharing dynamics of farmers were limited to the people they know and trust, and dependent on expected reciprocal exchanges. The results reveal the need for strategies to enhance knowledge dissemination in dispersed, upland areas, given the restricted knowledge sharing behaviour revealed in these findings.","PeriodicalId":15657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41634630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.47125/jesam/2020_sp2/07
R. Peras, J. Pulhin, Liezl B. Grefalda, E. Santos, Joan S. Gilbero, L. Rebugio
Tree farming is becoming infamous among smallholders in the Caraga Administrative Region, the acclaimed “timber corridor” of the Philippines. Despite the region’s favorable bio-physical condition to tree farming, attractive cash benefits, and market availability compared to other regions of the country, tree farming has become less attractive to smallholders. The smallholders remained poor and marginalized even as the region’s poverty incidence continually declined in the last three decades. This study seeks to determine the socioeconomic impacts of smallholder tree farming in the region. Using both qualitative and quantitative analyses, the study revealed that tree and non-tree farmers alike perceived positive and statistically significant changes on livelihood sources, income, equity, asset accumulation, education, level of trust, reciprocity and cohesiveness in the community as a result of tree farming. However, although income was improved with tree farming, benefits were considered inequitable among different stakeholders; those endowed with financial capital captured much of the economic benefits. Worse, the lack of financial resources has led some smallholder tree farmers to accommodate arrangements such as dependence on the purchase order (PO) holders who have control over the price of logs that put them into a disadvantaged situation, which consequently locked them in impoverished condition. The study recommends the institutionalization of an effective need-oriented extension program for smallholder tree farmers, investment in market diversification and vertical integration of tree products to make smallholder tree farming more sustainable and equitable.
{"title":"Socio-economic Impacts of Smallholder Tree Farming in the Caraga Administrative Region, Philippines","authors":"R. Peras, J. Pulhin, Liezl B. Grefalda, E. Santos, Joan S. Gilbero, L. Rebugio","doi":"10.47125/jesam/2020_sp2/07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47125/jesam/2020_sp2/07","url":null,"abstract":"Tree farming is becoming infamous among smallholders in the Caraga Administrative Region, the acclaimed “timber corridor” of the Philippines. Despite the region’s favorable bio-physical condition to tree farming, attractive cash benefits, and market availability compared to other regions of the country, tree farming has become less attractive to smallholders. The smallholders remained poor and marginalized even as the region’s poverty incidence continually declined in the last three decades. This study seeks to determine the socioeconomic impacts of smallholder tree farming in the region. Using both qualitative and quantitative analyses, the study revealed that tree and non-tree farmers alike perceived positive and statistically significant changes on livelihood sources, income, equity, asset accumulation, education, level of trust, reciprocity and cohesiveness in the community as a result of tree farming. However, although income was improved with tree farming, benefits were considered inequitable among different stakeholders; those endowed with financial capital captured much of the economic benefits. Worse, the lack of financial resources has led some smallholder tree farmers to accommodate arrangements such as dependence on the purchase order (PO) holders who have control over the price of logs that put them into a disadvantaged situation, which consequently locked them in impoverished condition. The study recommends the institutionalization of an effective need-oriented extension program for smallholder tree farmers, investment in market diversification and vertical integration of tree products to make smallholder tree farming more sustainable and equitable.","PeriodicalId":15657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44746505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.47125/jesam/2020_sp2/02
Josephine Encisa-Garcia, J. Pulhin, R. Cruz, Aileen C. Simondac-Peria, Mark Anthony M. Ramirez, Catherine C. de Luna
The Baroro River Watershed, like most watersheds in the Philippines, has been experiencing widespread land use changes. With the increasing interest on studies of watersheds as valuable water resources, this study attempted to assess the land use/land cover changes and forest fragmentation using landscape metrics. Three official land cover maps (2003, 2010, and 2015) were obtained. Cross-tabulation detection method in the Geographic Information System module was used to detect land cover changes during the first period (2003-2010) and second period (2010-2015). The landscape fragmentation tool (LFT v2.0) generated a forest fragmentation map, then analyzed patterns and changes in three time periods: 2003-2010, 2010-2015, and 2003-2015. The annual rate of change in the forest cover has a negative trend in all three time periods: 1.16%, 0.91%, and 1.06%, respectively. Conversely, forest fragmentation analysis revealed a markedly decrease of large forest areas and that the number of patches, percentage of land, and edge density of forest patch, edge and small core increased over time. Also, smaller patches (0 – 100 ha) in large forest areas increased rapidly (3 to 225 patches), indicating a more fragmented forest landscape. In 12 years, there were widespread land cover changes and forest fragmentation in the watershed mainly due to expansion in agricultural and built-up areas. It is hoped that results of this study, particularly the application of landscape metrics using spatial data, can serve as necessary inputs in crafting sustainable land use policies, plans, and interventions for effective and comprehensive watershed management.
{"title":"Land Use/Land Cover Changes Assessment and Forest Fragmentation Analysis in the Baroro River Watershed, La Union, Philippines","authors":"Josephine Encisa-Garcia, J. Pulhin, R. Cruz, Aileen C. Simondac-Peria, Mark Anthony M. Ramirez, Catherine C. de Luna","doi":"10.47125/jesam/2020_sp2/02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47125/jesam/2020_sp2/02","url":null,"abstract":"The Baroro River Watershed, like most watersheds in the Philippines, has been experiencing widespread land use changes. With the increasing interest on studies of watersheds as valuable water resources, this study attempted to assess the land use/land cover changes and forest fragmentation using landscape metrics. Three official land cover maps (2003, 2010, and 2015) were obtained. Cross-tabulation detection method in the Geographic Information System module was used to detect land cover changes during the first period (2003-2010) and second period (2010-2015). The landscape fragmentation tool (LFT v2.0) generated a forest fragmentation map, then analyzed patterns and changes in three time periods: 2003-2010, 2010-2015, and 2003-2015. The annual rate of change in the forest cover has a negative trend in all three time periods: 1.16%, 0.91%, and 1.06%, respectively. Conversely, forest fragmentation analysis revealed a markedly decrease of large forest areas and that the number of patches, percentage of land, and edge density of forest patch, edge and small core increased over time. Also, smaller patches (0 – 100 ha) in large forest areas increased rapidly (3 to 225 patches), indicating a more fragmented forest landscape. In 12 years, there were widespread land cover changes and forest fragmentation in the watershed mainly due to expansion in agricultural and built-up areas. It is hoped that results of this study, particularly the application of landscape metrics using spatial data, can serve as necessary inputs in crafting sustainable land use policies, plans, and interventions for effective and comprehensive watershed management.","PeriodicalId":15657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48175994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-30DOI: 10.47125/jesam/2020_sp2/04
Lorena L. Sabino, J. Pulhin, J. Dizon, M. Espaldon, R. Cruz
This study examined the changes and variability in temperature and rainfall patterns in the past 31 years (1981-2012) and assessed their impacts on livelihood vulnerability of farming households in the City of Koronadal, South Cotabato, a less studied area in Mindanao located in Southern Philippines. Using the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) framework, household vulnerability was assessed using survey data from 265 respondents, complemented with focus group discussion, and field observations from 2013 to 2015. Results showed significant changes in monthly mean minimum (increased by 0.74 C, p <0.01) and mean maximum (decreased by 0.65C, p <0.01) temperature. Rainfall patterns showed a decreasing trend and revealed significant changes in June (p<0.01), August, and December (p<0.05), signifying that climate change and variability took place as manifested by floods, landslides, and drought experienced by farming households. The study confirmed that majority of the farming households had “moderate to high vulnerability” to climate variability and change. As climate change brings new forms of risks, appropriate adaptation strategies are needed to address both current and future vulnerability and require robust vulnerability assessment founded on recent scientific advancement and innovative strategies congruent to this study.
{"title":"Climate Variability, Change and the Impacts on Livelihood Vulnerability of Farming Households in Koronadal, South Cotabato, Philippines","authors":"Lorena L. Sabino, J. Pulhin, J. Dizon, M. Espaldon, R. Cruz","doi":"10.47125/jesam/2020_sp2/04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47125/jesam/2020_sp2/04","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the changes and variability in temperature and rainfall patterns in the past 31 years (1981-2012) and assessed their impacts on livelihood vulnerability of farming households in the City of Koronadal, South Cotabato, a less studied area in Mindanao located in Southern Philippines. Using the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) framework, household vulnerability was assessed using survey data from 265 respondents, complemented with focus group discussion, and field observations from 2013 to 2015. Results showed significant changes in monthly mean minimum (increased by 0.74 C, p <0.01) and mean maximum (decreased by 0.65C, p <0.01) temperature. Rainfall patterns showed a decreasing trend and revealed significant changes in June (p<0.01), August, and December (p<0.05), signifying that climate change and variability took place as manifested by floods, landslides, and drought experienced by farming households. The study confirmed that majority of the farming households had “moderate to high vulnerability” to climate variability and change. As climate change brings new forms of risks, appropriate adaptation strategies are needed to address both current and future vulnerability and require robust vulnerability assessment founded on recent scientific advancement and innovative strategies congruent to this study.","PeriodicalId":15657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46187154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-27DOI: 10.47125/jesam/2020_sp1/03
Nolan C. Tolosa, K. Mendoza, David Lloyd Dumayas, John Mark Dareen de Silva
This study investigated the effect of contact time and methylene blue (MB) solution concentration on the adsorption capacity of granulated activated carbon derived from bignay (Antidesma bunius L.) seeds. The raw bignay seeds were subjected to physical activation via oven drying at 120°C and carbonization at 500°C for 30 min. The maximum adsorption capacity of both powdered and granulated activated carbon were determined. The alkyl functional groups of Bignay activated carbon (BAC) were determined using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis and the surface morphology and composition of the BAC were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive x-ray (SEM-EDX). Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models were used to analyze the adsorption of isotherm BAC. But the data best fitted with the Freundlich isotherm. The mean energy of the adsorption showed that the adsorption of MB by BAC was physical adsorption implying that MB molecules were trapped in the pores of the BAC. The maximum adsorption capacity was 1.60 mg g-1. The rate of adsorption was used to determine if the process is physisorption or chemisorption using pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order adsorption kinetics. The data showed best fit for pseudo-second order ,suggesting that the reaction depends on the concentration of both reactants
{"title":"Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon Derived from Antidesma bunius L. in Methylene Blue Removal from Wastewater","authors":"Nolan C. Tolosa, K. Mendoza, David Lloyd Dumayas, John Mark Dareen de Silva","doi":"10.47125/jesam/2020_sp1/03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47125/jesam/2020_sp1/03","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the effect of contact time and methylene blue (MB) solution concentration on the adsorption capacity of granulated activated carbon derived from bignay (Antidesma bunius L.) seeds. The raw bignay seeds were subjected to physical activation via oven drying at 120°C and carbonization at 500°C for 30 min. The maximum adsorption capacity of both powdered and granulated activated carbon were determined. The alkyl functional groups of Bignay activated carbon (BAC) were determined using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis and the surface morphology and composition of the BAC were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive x-ray (SEM-EDX). Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models were used to analyze the adsorption of isotherm BAC. But the data best fitted with the Freundlich isotherm. The mean energy of the adsorption showed that the adsorption of MB by BAC was physical adsorption implying that MB molecules were trapped in the pores of the BAC. The maximum adsorption capacity was 1.60 mg g-1. The rate of adsorption was used to determine if the process is physisorption or chemisorption using pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order adsorption kinetics. The data showed best fit for pseudo-second order ,suggesting that the reaction depends on the concentration of both reactants","PeriodicalId":15657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44692268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-27DOI: 10.47125/jesam/2020_sp1/01
R. V. Rubi, Jerry G. Olay, Patrick E. Calugay, M. V. Díaz, Kimberly Fritz L. Dimayuga, Farah Mae G. Gagui, Kathleen D. Tare
Andrographolide (AG) is known to possess some pharmacological properties such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-dengue, anti-tumor and anti-tuberculosis. Green extraction techniques such as ultrasound and microwave have shown the effectiveness in extracting high purity AG from Andrographis paniculata or Sinta. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), which operates at non-thermal conditions, prevents the thermal degradation of AG while microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) allows an increased extraction yield. This study aimed to determine the effect of sequential ultrasound- microwave-assisted extraction (UMAE) in the yield of AG and its bioactivity assessment. The UAE obtained its highest AG yield of 539.24 mg L-1 at 10 minutes sonication time and MAE with 781.65 mg L-1 at 5 minutes irradiation time with 420 W microwave power. The UMAE obtained the highest AG yield of 1,066.49 mg L-1 when sequentially exposed to 10 minutes sonication and 10 min irradiation with a microwave power of 280 W. Cytotoxic activity testing of Sinta extract containing AG from UMAE confirmed a lethal concentration (LC50) with value at 76.02 mg L-1. Furthermore, it has an intermediate susceptibility to Escherichia coli but resistant to both Bacillus clausii and Klebsiella spp., highlighting the potential of its valuable medicinal applications.
{"title":"Ultrasound-microwave Assisted Extraction (UMAE) of Andrographolide from Sinta (Andrographis paniculata) with its Bioactivity Assessment","authors":"R. V. Rubi, Jerry G. Olay, Patrick E. Calugay, M. V. Díaz, Kimberly Fritz L. Dimayuga, Farah Mae G. Gagui, Kathleen D. Tare","doi":"10.47125/jesam/2020_sp1/01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47125/jesam/2020_sp1/01","url":null,"abstract":"Andrographolide (AG) is known to possess some pharmacological properties such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-dengue, anti-tumor and anti-tuberculosis. Green extraction techniques such as ultrasound and microwave have shown the effectiveness in extracting high purity AG from Andrographis paniculata or Sinta. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), which operates at non-thermal conditions, prevents the thermal degradation of AG while microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) allows an increased extraction yield. This study aimed to determine the effect of sequential ultrasound- microwave-assisted extraction (UMAE) in the yield of AG and its bioactivity assessment. The UAE obtained its highest AG yield of 539.24 mg L-1 at 10 minutes sonication time and MAE with 781.65 mg L-1 at 5 minutes irradiation time with 420 W microwave power. The UMAE obtained the highest AG yield of 1,066.49 mg L-1 when sequentially exposed to 10 minutes sonication and 10 min irradiation with a microwave power of 280 W. Cytotoxic activity testing of Sinta extract containing AG from UMAE confirmed a lethal concentration (LC50) with value at 76.02 mg L-1. Furthermore, it has an intermediate susceptibility to Escherichia coli but resistant to both Bacillus clausii and Klebsiella spp., highlighting the potential of its valuable medicinal applications.","PeriodicalId":15657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45835048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-27DOI: 10.47125/jesam/2020_sp1/06
Erlynne Carla C. Santos, Tahani Kaldéus, D. Senoro, E. Malmstrom, A. Hult
This study highlights the beneficial role of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as components in functional membranes. The approaches of the use of CNF and CNC as membrane materials for water purification have been studied extensively during the past decades. This is due to their inherent abundance, renewability, sustainability and unique properties such as high aspect ratio, high surface area, high crystallinity, and high mechanical properties. The performance of CNF- and CNC-based membranes especially in treating actual water samples were also highlighted in this review to give a better overview of the behavior of these nanocellulose as membrane materials. The challenges of using CNFs and CNCs and the need for improvements for the future development of membrane materials are also discussed.
{"title":"Current Cellulose Nanofibrils and Cellulose Nanocrystals as Water Purification Functional Membrane Materials","authors":"Erlynne Carla C. Santos, Tahani Kaldéus, D. Senoro, E. Malmstrom, A. Hult","doi":"10.47125/jesam/2020_sp1/06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47125/jesam/2020_sp1/06","url":null,"abstract":"This study highlights the beneficial role of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as components in functional membranes. The approaches of the use of CNF and CNC as membrane materials for water purification have been studied extensively during the past decades. This is due to their inherent abundance, renewability, sustainability and unique properties such as high aspect ratio, high surface area, high crystallinity, and high mechanical properties. The performance of CNF- and CNC-based membranes especially in treating actual water samples were also highlighted in this review to give a better overview of the behavior of these nanocellulose as membrane materials. The challenges of using CNFs and CNCs and the need for improvements for the future development of membrane materials are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":15657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47401112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-27DOI: 10.47125/jesam/2020_sp1/05
Jennie Lagman-Bautista
This study factored the Ecological Footprint Accounting on the Municipal Solid Wastes of Angeles City, Philippines using the Waste Analysis and Characterization Summary for 2015, with projections subdivided into the solid wastes of Angeleǹos, expressed as waste generation per capita, depict the level of waste consumption, quality of urban habitat, and the acceleration on waste disposal based on the population growth rate and diversion rate. The results were quantitatively analyzed using Ecological Footprint Accounting and interpreted in monetary terms through Benefit-Cost Analysis. The major research processes include: Analysis of waste generation per capita; Waste Projections net of targeted diversion on non-biodegradables; Cost Analysis on diverted wastes; and Income Analysis on Recyclables. The waste generation for the next five years will be generated 90% by households; 10% by educational and other institutions. With waste composition of 37% biodegradable, 20% recyclables and 43% non-biodegradable. By the year 2022, the city is expected to generate 159 kg yr-1∙106 with waste mitigation at a decreasing rate of 96.89% despite the population acceleration at 136% or equivalent to 561,000 constituents. Lastly, the five-year Benefit-Cost Analysis yielded a budgetary savings of PhP395M, equivalent to US$ 7.4M or an average municipal annual cost savings of 39%
{"title":"Ecological Footprint Accounting of Non- Biodegradable Wastes of Angeles City, Philippines: The Anthropogenic Shift to Biodegradables","authors":"Jennie Lagman-Bautista","doi":"10.47125/jesam/2020_sp1/05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47125/jesam/2020_sp1/05","url":null,"abstract":"This study factored the Ecological Footprint Accounting on the Municipal Solid Wastes of Angeles City, Philippines using the Waste Analysis and Characterization Summary for 2015, with projections subdivided into the solid wastes of Angeleǹos, expressed as waste generation per capita, depict the level of waste consumption, quality of urban habitat, and the acceleration on waste disposal based on the population growth rate and diversion rate. The results were quantitatively analyzed using Ecological Footprint Accounting and interpreted in monetary terms through Benefit-Cost Analysis. The major research processes include: Analysis of waste generation per capita; Waste Projections net of targeted diversion on non-biodegradables; Cost Analysis on diverted wastes; and Income Analysis on Recyclables. The waste generation for the next five years will be generated 90% by households; 10% by educational and other institutions. With waste composition of 37% biodegradable, 20% recyclables and 43% non-biodegradable. By the year 2022, the city is expected to generate 159 kg yr-1∙106 with waste mitigation at a decreasing rate of 96.89% despite the population acceleration at 136% or equivalent to 561,000 constituents. Lastly, the five-year Benefit-Cost Analysis yielded a budgetary savings of PhP395M, equivalent to US$ 7.4M or an average municipal annual cost savings of 39%","PeriodicalId":15657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41338949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-27DOI: 10.47125/jesam/2020_sp1/04
B. Basilia, Sharyjel R. Cayabyab, E. Casa, A. K. Collera, P. A. D. De Yro, M. Margarito, Lumen Milo, Mat Christian Que, Vivian Lagura, Brigida A. Visaya
This research involved the development of membranes with local raw materials to suit water and wastewater treatment applications. Indigenous montmorillonite clay was surface modified with dialkyldimethyl ammonium chloride to be used as functional additive in polymeric membranes. Polysulfone (PSf) pellets were dissolved in N-methyl-pyrrolidone (NMP) and organomodified-montmorillonite (OMMT) or nanoclay was incorporated at varying concentrations up to 1.00%. Casting solutions were vacuum-mixed and degassed using a planetary mixer then casted using MEMCAST™ to produce flat sheet membranes. Characterizations include X-Ray Diffractometry, Atomic Force Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and contact angle measurement. The exfoliation of OMMT platelet structures within the PSf matrix at 1.00% loading showed improved surface roughness and more porous morphology. Improved surface roughness was observed with an increasing value as a function of increasing OMMT concentration. Meanwhile, the morphology of the nanocomposite membranes showed three distinct layers: dense skin layer, porous finger-like layer, and sponge-like structured layer. Moreover, the contact angle of the membranes decreased by 13.7% with 1.00% addition. This enhancement in hydrophilicity could affect properties like permeate flux and membrane fouling, which could play an important role in the functional performance of synthesized membranes with nanoclay additives. One-way ANOVA revealed that the change in OMMT concentration has significant effect on the surface roughness and contact angles of the membranes at 95% confidence level.
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