Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.47125/jesam/2020_2/09
R. Demafelis, A. Alcantara, J. Movillon, M. Espaldon, E. Pacardo, M. Flavier, Bernadette Magadia, Anna Elaine D. Matanguihan
Biofuels production is intended to address shortage on fuel supply. This study assessed the energetics and water inventory of the Philippine bioethanol production from sugarcane, aiming to provide a definitive value from where studies for economic assessment for this system could pick up. A 30-million-liter-per-year (MLPY) processing facility was designed using local field and factory data, from surveys and immersion reports. Assessment showed that sugarcane bioethanol processing facility with co-generation and wastewater treatment units gains a net energy equivalent to 18.62 MJ L-1 of bioethanol produced, with an energy returned on energy invested ratio of 2.75. The net energy realized from the production compensates the energy expended during the construction of the bioethanol plant within about eight months of operation. Water is being used up at a rate of 2,832.22 L per L of ethanol produced or 133.60 L per MJ or 197,826.09 L per Mg of cane processed, accounting the water used for plantation and the factory. The water inventory in the construction level amounts to 952.64 ML. The production of bioethanol from sugarcane is practical, energy-wise, but its water consumption might make the industry unviable in locations where water is scarce.
{"title":"Sugarcane Bioethanol Processing Plant in the Philippines: Energetics and Water Inventory","authors":"R. Demafelis, A. Alcantara, J. Movillon, M. Espaldon, E. Pacardo, M. Flavier, Bernadette Magadia, Anna Elaine D. Matanguihan","doi":"10.47125/jesam/2020_2/09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47125/jesam/2020_2/09","url":null,"abstract":"Biofuels production is intended to address shortage on fuel supply. This study assessed the energetics and water inventory of the Philippine bioethanol production from sugarcane, aiming to provide a definitive value from where studies for economic assessment for this system could pick up. A 30-million-liter-per-year (MLPY) processing facility was designed using local field and factory data, from surveys and immersion reports. Assessment showed that sugarcane bioethanol processing facility with co-generation and wastewater treatment units gains a net energy equivalent to 18.62 MJ L-1 of bioethanol produced, with an energy returned on energy invested ratio of 2.75. The net energy realized from the production compensates the energy expended during the construction of the bioethanol plant within about eight months of operation. Water is being used up at a rate of 2,832.22 L per L of ethanol produced or 133.60 L per MJ or 197,826.09 L per Mg of cane processed, accounting the water used for plantation and the factory. The water inventory in the construction level amounts to 952.64 ML. The production of bioethanol from sugarcane is practical, energy-wise, but its water consumption might make the industry unviable in locations where water is scarce.","PeriodicalId":15657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42972745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-16DOI: 10.47125/jesam/2019_sp1/06
A. de Guzman, Z. Sumalde, G. M. Rance, M. D. Colance, Mierra Flor V Ponce
Gleaning for edible invertebrates on shallow reef flats is a chronic activity in the Philippines mainly for subsistence but also for supplemental family income. A case study carried out in five gleaning sites in the Visayas and Mindanao islands evaluated the contribution of reef gleaning to food security and nutrient adequacy of artisanal fishing households, among the poorest sectors in Philippine society. With a high proportion (38-75%) living in extreme poverty, dependence on gleaning as a source of energy and vital nutrients is very high. The typical diet of coastal households in the surveyed sites is mainly composed of rice (49%), fresh fish (10%) and gleaned invertebrates (14%). Individual members of coastal households consume an average of 930g of food daily, equivalent to energy (1891 kcal.day-1) and protein (62.7 g.day-1) intakes, exceeding national averages. Coastal communities have higher adequacy in protein (mean = 68%) than energy (mean= 43%), calcium (44%) and iron (29%) indicating diet of many households do not meet the daily recommended energy and nutrient intake (RENI). Significant contribution of gleaned seafood to protein intake of coastal families and highlight the need to formulate sound management policies to sustain the nutritional benefits from reef gleaning for marginal fishing communities.
{"title":"Contribution of Gleaning Fisheries to Food Security and Nutrition of Poor Coastal Communities in the Philippines","authors":"A. de Guzman, Z. Sumalde, G. M. Rance, M. D. Colance, Mierra Flor V Ponce","doi":"10.47125/jesam/2019_sp1/06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47125/jesam/2019_sp1/06","url":null,"abstract":"Gleaning for edible invertebrates on shallow reef flats is a chronic activity in the Philippines mainly for subsistence but also for supplemental family income. A case study carried out in five gleaning sites in the Visayas and Mindanao islands evaluated the contribution of reef gleaning to food security and nutrient adequacy of artisanal fishing households, among the poorest sectors in Philippine society. With a high proportion (38-75%) living in extreme poverty, dependence on gleaning as a source of energy and vital nutrients is very high. The typical diet of coastal households in the surveyed sites is mainly composed of rice (49%), fresh fish (10%) and gleaned invertebrates (14%). Individual members of coastal households consume an average of 930g of food daily, equivalent to energy (1891 kcal.day-1) and protein (62.7 g.day-1) intakes, exceeding national averages. Coastal communities have higher adequacy in protein (mean = 68%) than energy (mean= 43%), calcium (44%) and iron (29%) indicating diet of many households do not meet the daily recommended energy and nutrient intake (RENI). Significant contribution of gleaned seafood to protein intake of coastal families and highlight the need to formulate sound management policies to sustain the nutritional benefits from reef gleaning for marginal fishing communities.","PeriodicalId":15657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45551610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-16DOI: 10.47125/jesam/2019_sp1/03
J. V. Pleto, J. Simbahan, M. Arboleda, V. Migo
The Marilao and Meycauayan Rivers are known to be polluted with heavy metals and organic matter due to different anthropogenic and industrial activities along the river system. Many aquaculture ponds are situated along the river system and obtain water from the river. In order to address this problem, phytoremediation or the use of plants was tested as a low-cost remediation system to reduce the pollution on the ponds. The vetiver grass was utilized because of its unique features and its ability to accumulate heavy metals. A vetiver pontoon was established on fishponds located at Brgy. Nagbalon, Marilao and Brgy. Liputan, Meycauayan. The vetiver roots and leaves were analyzed for heavy metal content. There is an accumulation of toxic heavy metals such as lead, chromium, manganese and copper in the roots and leaves. Manganese had the highest accumulated metal by the vetiver grass. It was observed that there is a significant difference of heavy metal absorption of Pb, Zn, Mn and Cr through time. The vetiver grass favored accumulating heavy metals in the roots based on the translocation factor (TF). Vetiver grass can potentially improve some water quality parameters such as lowering levels of ammonia, BOD and COD and absorb heavy metals such as Pb, Zn, Mn and Cr which are harmful to fish. The vetiver grass is a low-cost phytoremediation technology with a high potential impact in cleaning up the water in ponds.
{"title":"Phytoremediation Potential of Vetiver Grass (Chrysopogon sp.) System for Improving the Water Quality of Aquaculture Ponds along the Marilao and Meycauayan River in Bulacan, Philippines","authors":"J. V. Pleto, J. Simbahan, M. Arboleda, V. Migo","doi":"10.47125/jesam/2019_sp1/03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47125/jesam/2019_sp1/03","url":null,"abstract":"The Marilao and Meycauayan Rivers are known to be polluted with heavy metals and organic matter due to different anthropogenic and industrial activities along the river system. Many aquaculture ponds are situated along the river system and obtain water from the river. In order to address this problem, phytoremediation or the use of plants was tested as a low-cost remediation system to reduce the pollution on the ponds. The vetiver grass was utilized because of its unique features and its ability to accumulate heavy metals. A vetiver pontoon was established on fishponds located at Brgy. Nagbalon, Marilao and Brgy. Liputan, Meycauayan. The vetiver roots and leaves were analyzed for heavy metal content. There is an accumulation of toxic heavy metals such as lead, chromium, manganese and copper in the roots and leaves. Manganese had the highest accumulated metal by the vetiver grass. It was observed that there is a significant difference of heavy metal absorption of Pb, Zn, Mn and Cr through time. The vetiver grass favored accumulating heavy metals in the roots based on the translocation factor (TF). Vetiver grass can potentially improve some water quality parameters such as lowering levels of ammonia, BOD and COD and absorb heavy metals such as Pb, Zn, Mn and Cr which are harmful to fish. The vetiver grass is a low-cost phytoremediation technology with a high potential impact in cleaning up the water in ponds.","PeriodicalId":15657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48825226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-16DOI: 10.47125/jesam/2019_sp1/02
Sydney Bocario, Celina Togonon, R. Subade
Studies on economic valuation rarely involved the youth in decision making. This study considered the youth, particularly high school students, as the respondents of the survey. The study may prove to be critical in considering the opinions and recommendations of the youth who may become environmental stewards of the future. Through stratified and systematic random sampling, 400 respondents were chosen from five public high schools in Bacolod City to determine their willingness to pay (WTP) for the conservation of the coral reefs in Sagay Marine Reserve. Data was gathered from 80 students per school through a group administered survey. High school students are willing to contribute resources and do volunteer work for conservation activity. The total WTP of the students amounted to Php 3,156,894.02 per month. The selected mode of payment was through student government collection. The top reasons for their decision to pay were: existence values, altruistic motive, and bequest value. The factors that affect the students’ WTP were bid price, household size, monthly income and perceived importance. This study amplified the roles of the youth in the conservation of natural resources. Indeed, the youth can be a valuable resource capital for coral reef conservation.
{"title":"High School Students’ Conservation Values for Coral Reefs in Sagay Marine Reserve, Negros Occidental, Philippines","authors":"Sydney Bocario, Celina Togonon, R. Subade","doi":"10.47125/jesam/2019_sp1/02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47125/jesam/2019_sp1/02","url":null,"abstract":"Studies on economic valuation rarely involved the youth in decision making. This study considered the youth, particularly high school students, as the respondents of the survey. The study may prove to be critical in considering the opinions and recommendations of the youth who may become environmental stewards of the future. Through stratified and systematic random sampling, 400 respondents were chosen from five public high schools in Bacolod City to determine their willingness to pay (WTP) for the conservation of the coral reefs in Sagay Marine Reserve. Data was gathered from 80 students per school through a group administered survey. High school students are willing to contribute resources and do volunteer work for conservation activity. The total WTP of the students amounted to Php 3,156,894.02 per month. The selected mode of payment was through student government collection. The top reasons for their decision to pay were: existence values, altruistic motive, and bequest value. The factors that affect the students’ WTP were bid price, household size, monthly income and perceived importance. This study amplified the roles of the youth in the conservation of natural resources. Indeed, the youth can be a valuable resource capital for coral reef conservation.","PeriodicalId":15657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43372776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-16DOI: 10.47125/jesam/2019_sp1/01
W. S. van de Ven, Richard N. Muallil, Nikki Dyanne Realubit
The Sulu Archipelago, consisting of hundreds of islands, harbors unique and distinct endemic avian fauna. Due to the relatively small size of the islands and the rapid deforestation, many of these species are in danger of extinction. Some of the endemic bird species in the Sulu Archipelago have not been observed in the wild for decades and may already have gone extinct without being noticed. This study uses available information to describe the current status of endemic bird species in the area. Most of the information were gathered from anecdotal reports of birdwatchers who visited the area since very few scientific surveys have been done there. All of the Sulu endemic bird species are forest dependent and categorized as threatened on the IUCN Red List. The Sulu Bleeding-heart Gallicolumba menagei has not been recorded for over a century. The Sulu Hornbill Anthrococeros montani may have no more than 20 pairs left in the wild and not much more is known of the Sulu Hawk-Owl Ninox reyi apart from its name and call. The rapidly disappearing forests, combined with hunting and mining, make the Sulu Archipelago arguably one of the highest priority sites for conservation in the country. The Sulu Archipelago is not only located at the geographical edge of the Philippines, but it is also where unique species are on the edge of extinction. Immediate in situ conservation and comprehensive surveys of the avifaunal diversity in the Sulu Archipelago are urgently needed.
{"title":"Living on the Edge: Current Status of Rare Sulu Endemic Avifauna","authors":"W. S. van de Ven, Richard N. Muallil, Nikki Dyanne Realubit","doi":"10.47125/jesam/2019_sp1/01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47125/jesam/2019_sp1/01","url":null,"abstract":"The Sulu Archipelago, consisting of hundreds of islands, harbors unique and distinct endemic avian fauna. Due to the relatively small size of the islands and the rapid deforestation, many of these species are in danger of extinction. Some of the endemic bird species in the Sulu Archipelago have not been observed in the wild for decades and may already have gone extinct without being noticed. This study uses available information to describe the current status of endemic bird species in the area. Most of the information were gathered from anecdotal reports of birdwatchers who visited the area since very few scientific surveys have been done there. All of the Sulu endemic bird species are forest dependent and categorized as threatened on the IUCN Red List. The Sulu Bleeding-heart Gallicolumba menagei has not been recorded for over a century. The Sulu Hornbill Anthrococeros montani may have no more than 20 pairs left in the wild and not much more is known of the Sulu Hawk-Owl Ninox reyi apart from its name and call. The rapidly disappearing forests, combined with hunting and mining, make the Sulu Archipelago arguably one of the highest priority sites for conservation in the country. The Sulu Archipelago is not only located at the geographical edge of the Philippines, but it is also where unique species are on the edge of extinction. Immediate in situ conservation and comprehensive surveys of the avifaunal diversity in the Sulu Archipelago are urgently needed.","PeriodicalId":15657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48732104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-16DOI: 10.47125/jesam/2019_sp1/04
Jonathan Macuroy, D. Faustino-Eslava, Ann Clarisse Siababa, M. Espaldon, Loucel Cui
Pollution levels may vary greatly in large waterbodies over long periods of time. Hence, classifying pollution must be inclusive of crucial locations and temporal variabilities. This study applied various statistical techniques to look into the spatial and temporal trends of nine physicochemical parameters within the lake: Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD, mg L-1), Ammonia (NH3, mg L-1), Chloride (Cl, mg L-1), Nitrate (NO3, mg L-1), Inorganic Phosphate (PO4, mg L-1), Total Nitrogen (TN, mg L-1), Total Phosphorus (TP, mg L-1), Turbidity (Turb, NTU), and Chlorophyll a (Chl a, μg L-1). Trends were analyzed using data from 2000 to 2012 in five selected stations spread out across the lake. The Trophic State Index (TSI) values of the stations within the study period were also derived from TP, TN, Chl a, and the average of the three parameters. In terms of temporal analysis, general trends, relative monthly values (MV), percent annual changes (PAC) of the nine parameters and their derived TSI values were assessed and analyzed. Spatial trends were assessed by calculating the relative station values (RV) and their standard deviations (SV), principal component analysis (PCA), and hierarchical agglomerated cluster analysis (HACA). BOD and Chl-a have shown statistical growth over the period of 12 years while Cl revealed a consistent decrease in concentration. Moreover, results also showed that Stations 1 and V located at West Bay is the most polluted of all five stations studied, most likely because of its proximity with the highly urbanized and densely populated National Capital Region. This was further supported by HACA results, wherein the two have overwhelmingly similar trends in terms of nutrient and pollutant loadings. Lastly, PCA results revealed that the lake’s current condition can be attributed to BOD, TP, and Chl-a. The generated results comprehensively describe the significant changes in pollution levels within the 13-year period and the relationships between the pollution status of stations located at the lake.
{"title":"Analyzing the Temporal and Spatial Trends of Water Quality and Eutrophication in Laguna de Bay, Philippines, 2000-2012","authors":"Jonathan Macuroy, D. Faustino-Eslava, Ann Clarisse Siababa, M. Espaldon, Loucel Cui","doi":"10.47125/jesam/2019_sp1/04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47125/jesam/2019_sp1/04","url":null,"abstract":"Pollution levels may vary greatly in large waterbodies over long periods of time. Hence, classifying pollution must be inclusive of crucial locations and temporal variabilities. This study applied various statistical techniques to look into the spatial and temporal trends of nine physicochemical parameters within the lake: Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD, mg L-1), Ammonia (NH3, mg L-1), Chloride (Cl, mg L-1), Nitrate (NO3, mg L-1), Inorganic Phosphate (PO4, mg L-1), Total Nitrogen (TN, mg L-1), Total Phosphorus (TP, mg L-1), Turbidity (Turb, NTU), and Chlorophyll a (Chl a, μg L-1). Trends were analyzed using data from 2000 to 2012 in five selected stations spread out across the lake. The Trophic State Index (TSI) values of the stations within the study period were also derived from TP, TN, Chl a, and the average of the three parameters. In terms of temporal analysis, general trends, relative monthly values (MV), percent annual changes (PAC) of the nine parameters and their derived TSI values were assessed and analyzed. Spatial trends were assessed by calculating the relative station values (RV) and their standard deviations (SV), principal component analysis (PCA), and hierarchical agglomerated cluster analysis (HACA). BOD and Chl-a have shown statistical growth over the period of 12 years while Cl revealed a consistent decrease in concentration. Moreover, results also showed that Stations 1 and V located at West Bay is the most polluted of all five stations studied, most likely because of its proximity with the highly urbanized and densely populated National Capital Region. This was further supported by HACA results, wherein the two have overwhelmingly similar trends in terms of nutrient and pollutant loadings. Lastly, PCA results revealed that the lake’s current condition can be attributed to BOD, TP, and Chl-a. The generated results comprehensively describe the significant changes in pollution levels within the 13-year period and the relationships between the pollution status of stations located at the lake.","PeriodicalId":15657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43008026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-16DOI: 10.47125/jesam/2019_sp1/05
Marlon V. Elvira, Emmanuel Ryan Chavez, D. Faustino-Eslava, M. Espaldon, Loucel Cui
Developmental instability using fluctuating asymmetry is a tool for morphological assessment to reflect the state of species adaptation and individual fitness. This research focused on the conchological analysis of Corbicula fluminea (Muller, 1774) shells relative to key water parameters in Laguna de Bay, Philippines. Results from the western and eastern regions of the lake, characterized by marked differences in water qualities, indicate that linear shell characteristics are not significantly affected by water quality, in contrast to other geometric parameters. Geometric morphometrics of Malahanobis and Procrustes distances exhibit horizontal elongation in shells from the west, and vertical elongation in those from the east. Generalized linear mixed modelling of shell morphometry with water quality revealed an inverse relationship between NO3- and shell size, and a direct association between shell shape changes and elevated Cr (VI). The combination of NO3-, water pH and total suspended solids were the factors identified to have the most effect on shell size, with Cr (VI), NH4+, and water pressure playing significant roles in affecting shape. Results of this work demonstrate the utility of C. fluminea’s fluctuating asymmetry as influenced by water quality to constitute important baselines for the management of a lake and its biological resources.
利用波动不对称的发育不稳定性是反映物种适应和个体适合状态的形态学评估工具。本研究对菲律宾Laguna de Bay的Corbicula fluminea (Muller, 1774)贝壳的主要水参数进行了心理分析。湖水质量差异显著的东西部地区的结果表明，与其他几何参数相比，湖水质量对线性壳特征的影响不显著。Malahanobis和Procrustes距离的几何形态测量显示，从西边开始，壳的水平伸长，从东边开始，壳的垂直伸长。壳形态与水质的广义线性混合模型揭示了NO3-与壳尺寸成反比关系，壳形状变化与Cr (VI)升高直接相关。NO3-、pH和总悬浮物是影响壳尺寸最大的因素，Cr (VI)、NH4+和水压力是影响壳形状的重要因素。本研究的结果表明，受水质影响的氟藻波动不对称性可以作为湖泊及其生物资源管理的重要基准。
{"title":"Morphological Changes in Corbicula fluminea (Muller 1774) Shells from Laguna de Bay, Philippines Due to Elevated Nitrate and Hexavalent Chromium","authors":"Marlon V. Elvira, Emmanuel Ryan Chavez, D. Faustino-Eslava, M. Espaldon, Loucel Cui","doi":"10.47125/jesam/2019_sp1/05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47125/jesam/2019_sp1/05","url":null,"abstract":"Developmental instability using fluctuating asymmetry is a tool for morphological assessment to reflect the state of species adaptation and individual fitness. This research focused on the conchological analysis of Corbicula fluminea (Muller, 1774) shells relative to key water parameters in Laguna de Bay, Philippines. Results from the western and eastern regions of the lake, characterized by marked differences in water qualities, indicate that linear shell characteristics are not significantly affected by water quality, in contrast to other geometric parameters. Geometric morphometrics of Malahanobis and Procrustes distances exhibit horizontal elongation in shells from the west, and vertical elongation in those from the east. Generalized linear mixed modelling of shell morphometry with water quality revealed an inverse relationship between NO3- and shell size, and a direct association between shell shape changes and elevated Cr (VI). The combination of NO3-, water pH and total suspended solids were the factors identified to have the most effect on shell size, with Cr (VI), NH4+, and water pressure playing significant roles in affecting shape. Results of this work demonstrate the utility of C. fluminea’s fluctuating asymmetry as influenced by water quality to constitute important baselines for the management of a lake and its biological resources.","PeriodicalId":15657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41608637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.47125/jesam/2020_1/10
R. Demafelis, J. Movillon, C. Predo, Dalisay S. Maligalig, P. Eleazar, Bernadette Tongko-Magadia
As the Philippine bioethanol industry reaches a decade and the debate on what bioethanol blending shall be imposed, this study assessed the socio-economic and environmental impacts of domestic bioethanol production parallel to the objectives of the biofuels law. Bioethanol production in the country has generated significant jobs or an estimated jobs of about 2,073 based on the actual bioethanol processing data for Crop Year (CY) 2017-2018 for the three bioethanol production systems (BPS) studied; and could potentially reach 10,620 jobs if mill capacities of the two bioethanol plants are met. Additionally, bioethanol industry was perceived to have a positive change for sugarcane farmers in terms of employment opportunities and cash income from bioethanol-related operations. The domestic bioethanol industry has even opened additional revenues to bioethanol-related industries of about PhP 1.2 B (23.9 M USD) for CY 2017-2018 and could even reach to PhP 3.0 B (60.4 M USD) if bioethanol plants can attain its installed mill and cogeneration capacities. Environmental impact assessment study, on the other hand, revealed that domestic bioethanol production can reduce GHG emissions by about 68 to 91% for the four BPS evaluated, compared to business-as-usual scenario of using fossil fuel.
{"title":"Socio-economic and Environmental Impacts of Bioethanol Production from Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) and Molasses in the Philippines","authors":"R. Demafelis, J. Movillon, C. Predo, Dalisay S. Maligalig, P. Eleazar, Bernadette Tongko-Magadia","doi":"10.47125/jesam/2020_1/10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47125/jesam/2020_1/10","url":null,"abstract":"As the Philippine bioethanol industry reaches a decade and the debate on what bioethanol blending shall be imposed, this study assessed the socio-economic and environmental impacts of domestic bioethanol production parallel to the objectives of the biofuels law. Bioethanol production in the country has generated significant jobs or an estimated jobs of about 2,073 based on the actual bioethanol processing data for Crop Year (CY) 2017-2018 for the three bioethanol production systems (BPS) studied; and could potentially reach 10,620 jobs if mill capacities of the two bioethanol plants are met. Additionally, bioethanol industry was perceived to have a positive change for sugarcane farmers in terms of employment opportunities and cash income from bioethanol-related operations. The domestic bioethanol industry has even opened additional revenues to bioethanol-related industries of about PhP 1.2 B (23.9 M USD) for CY 2017-2018 and could even reach to PhP 3.0 B (60.4 M USD) if bioethanol plants can attain its installed mill and cogeneration capacities. Environmental impact assessment study, on the other hand, revealed that domestic bioethanol production can reduce GHG emissions by about 68 to 91% for the four BPS evaluated, compared to business-as-usual scenario of using fossil fuel.","PeriodicalId":15657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43550475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.47125/jesam/2020_1/06
M. Irshad, R. Nawaz, Sajjad Ahmad, Muhammad Arshad, M. Rizwan, N. Ahmad, M. Nizami, Tanveer Ahmed
There is ever increasing problem of air pollution in cities due to urbanization, industrialization, population growth and increased number of vehicles. Plants can play a vital role in mitigation of air pollution in urban areas. The present study was conducted to estimate the Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) and Anticipated Performance Index (API) for 21 different plant species used for green belt development along the roadsides in Islamabad, the capital city of Pakistan. For APTI and API estimation, ascorbic acid, total chlorophyll content, relative water content and pH of leaf extract of selected plant species were measured using standard methods. The results showed that Syzygium cumini L. (jaman), Pterospermum acerifolium (kanak champa) and Alstonia scholaris (devil tree) were the excellent performers. According to API and APTI values, these species were found effective in reducing air pollution and could be effective for green belt development in urban areas. Albezia lebbeck, Melia azedarach, Eucliptus camaldulensis, Dalbergia sissoo, Tamarindus indica, Acacia nilotica L., Callistemon viminalis and Leucaena leucocephala are very poor performers regarding air and noise abatement. These plants are very poor performers and are very sensitive plants to air pollution. These plants can be used as bio-indicators of poor urban air quality.
{"title":"Evaluation of Anticipated Performance Index of Tree Species for Air Pollution Mitigation in Islamabad, Pakistan","authors":"M. Irshad, R. Nawaz, Sajjad Ahmad, Muhammad Arshad, M. Rizwan, N. Ahmad, M. Nizami, Tanveer Ahmed","doi":"10.47125/jesam/2020_1/06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47125/jesam/2020_1/06","url":null,"abstract":"There is ever increasing problem of air pollution in cities due to urbanization, industrialization, population growth and increased number of vehicles. Plants can play a vital role in mitigation of air pollution in urban areas. The present study was conducted to estimate the Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) and Anticipated Performance Index (API) for 21 different plant species used for green belt development along the roadsides in Islamabad, the capital city of Pakistan. For APTI and API estimation, ascorbic acid, total chlorophyll content, relative water content and pH of leaf extract of selected plant species were measured using standard methods. The results showed that Syzygium cumini L. (jaman), Pterospermum acerifolium (kanak champa) and Alstonia scholaris (devil tree) were the excellent performers. According to API and APTI values, these species were found effective in reducing air pollution and could be effective for green belt development in urban areas. Albezia lebbeck, Melia azedarach, Eucliptus camaldulensis, Dalbergia sissoo, Tamarindus indica, Acacia nilotica L., Callistemon viminalis and Leucaena leucocephala are very poor performers regarding air and noise abatement. These plants are very poor performers and are very sensitive plants to air pollution. These plants can be used as bio-indicators of poor urban air quality.","PeriodicalId":15657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47459023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-30DOI: 10.47125/jesam/2020_1/09
Chang-Mao Lee, Ching-Hwa Lee, S. Popuri
Environmental education is becoming an essential subject as the environment changes rapidly with human activities. To protect the environment, several countries implemented environmental education acts. Taiwan is the sixth country in the world that implemented an act for environmental protection and sustainability. This study reports the 20-year journey of development and the pioneer status of environmental education act into practice. The Ministry of Education of Taiwan and Environmental Protection Agency jointly proposed the environmental education programme in 1992 to create awareness the on environment protection and develop knowledge, attitudes, skills and values necessary for improving the environment. The Environmental Protection Agency is responsible for accrediting qualified environmental education institutions to handle environmental education personnel training, curriculum plan and management, provide professional service of environmental education with rich ecology, etc. During 2011 to 2019, 200 students in 17 cities were issued environmental education certificates and became qualified environmental education personnel. The number of environmental education personnel in Taiwan has increased every year after the implementation of the Environmental Education Law. This study also provides suggestions of integrating environmental education into the school curriculum and the establishment of corporate social responsibility towards environmental education.
{"title":"Perspective of Environmental Education in Taiwan: Current Status of Implementation","authors":"Chang-Mao Lee, Ching-Hwa Lee, S. Popuri","doi":"10.47125/jesam/2020_1/09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47125/jesam/2020_1/09","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental education is becoming an essential subject as the environment changes rapidly with human activities. To protect the environment, several countries implemented environmental education acts. Taiwan is the sixth country in the world that implemented an act for environmental protection and sustainability. This study reports the 20-year journey of development and the pioneer status of environmental education act into practice. The Ministry of Education of Taiwan and Environmental Protection Agency jointly proposed the environmental education programme in 1992 to create awareness the on environment protection and develop knowledge, attitudes, skills and values necessary for improving the environment. The Environmental Protection Agency is responsible for accrediting qualified environmental education institutions to handle environmental education personnel training, curriculum plan and management, provide professional service of environmental education with rich ecology, etc. During 2011 to 2019, 200 students in 17 cities were issued environmental education certificates and became qualified environmental education personnel. The number of environmental education personnel in Taiwan has increased every year after the implementation of the Environmental Education Law. This study also provides suggestions of integrating environmental education into the school curriculum and the establishment of corporate social responsibility towards environmental education.","PeriodicalId":15657,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Science and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45977322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：