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A Wideband Doherty Combiner with Phase Variation Compensation Using LTCC Applicable for High Power Transmission 适用于大功率传输的LTCC相位变化补偿宽带Doherty组合器
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.26866/jees.2022.5.r.121
Youna Jang, K. Jeong, Jiwon Kim, D. Lee, D. Ahn
In this paper, we propose a small-sized Doherty combiner with phase variation compensation using low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) substrate. The proposed design theory for the Doherty combiner is derived using the phase calculation of the S-parameter based on the relation between the input and output ports. The proposed circuit is designed after determining the band edge frequency and the targeted degree of the phase balance. The proposed circuit is verified using the microstrip line and the LTCC substrate. The implemented structure, using LTCC as the substrate, is operated under a high-power test of continuous wave 50 W, the results of which also show that the amplitude and phase balance have variations within 0.2 dB and ±1°, respectively. The high-power test shows that the implemented structure is applicable for high power Doherty amplifiers or combiners.
在本文中,我们提出了一种使用低温共烧陶瓷(LTCC)衬底的具有相位变化补偿的小型多尔蒂组合器。基于输入和输出端口之间的关系,使用S参数的相位计算,导出了所提出的多尔蒂组合器的设计理论。在确定了频带边缘频率和相位平衡的目标程度后,设计了所提出的电路。使用微带线和LTCC衬底对所提出的电路进行了验证。所实现的结构以LTCC为衬底,在50W连续波的高功率测试下运行,测试结果还表明,幅度和相位平衡分别在0.2dB和±1°范围内变化。高功率测试表明,所实现的结构适用于高功率多尔蒂放大器或组合器。
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引用次数: 1
Spatial Delay Line Canceler-Based Sidelobe Blanking for Low Radar-Cross-Section Target 基于空间延迟线对消器的低雷达截面目标旁瓣消隐
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.26866/jees.2022.5.r.126
Younhui Jang, Donghyeon Cho
This study proposes a sidelobe blanking (SLB) system with a spatial delay line canceler (DLC) and non-coherent integrator in a uniform linear array. After the equations for the target and noise power in the SLB system were established, SLB-ratio functions for the proposed and conventional SLB channels were developed. Using these ratio functions, the optimal SLB thresholds for the general detectable target and low radar-cross-section (RCS) target were estimated. The results of the SLB thresholds were confirmed by the Monte Carlo simulation, which indicated that the proposed SLB channel provides reliable performance without false SLB decisions in the sidelobe region. Using the estimated optimal threshold, the proposed SLB channel provides reliable performance, particularly for low-RCS targets. In contrast, the conventional SLB channel produces numerous false SLB decisions in the sidelobe region. The proposed synthesis is a simple but powerful method for obtaining the reliable SLB ratio. The SLB channel in various array antenna systems can be developed based on this method.
本文提出了一种在均匀线性阵列中具有空间延迟线消除器(DLC)和非相干积分器的旁瓣消隐(SLB)系统。在建立了SLB系统中目标功率和噪声功率的方程后,开发了所提出的和传统SLB信道的SLB比率函数。利用这些比值函数,估计了一般可探测目标和低雷达截面积目标的最优SLB阈值。蒙特卡洛仿真验证了SLB阈值的结果,表明所提出的SLB信道在旁瓣区域内提供了可靠的性能,没有错误的SLB判决。使用估计的最优阈值,所提出的SLB信道提供了可靠的性能,特别是对于低RCS目标。相反,传统的SLB信道在旁瓣区域中产生许多错误的SLB判决。所提出的合成是获得可靠SLB比率的一种简单但强大的方法。基于这种方法可以开发出各种阵列天线系统中的SLB信道。
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引用次数: 0
A Neural Network-Based Microwave Imaging Method for Object Localization 一种基于神经网络的微波成像目标定位方法
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.26866/jees.2022.5.r.125
Wonhyung Son, W. Park, Seong‐Ho Son
This paper presents a new microwave imaging method using artificial neural networks to localize an object. The trained neural network reconstructs a tomographic image from the measured scattering data, such as a nonlinear electromagnetic inverse scattering solver. The appropriate number of hidden neurons is determined through the cross-entropy between network predictions and target values. To verify this method experimentally, we set up a testbed consisting of 16 antennas that transmit and receive 950 MHz microwaves underwater and used a metal rod with a diameter of 2 mm as a localizing target. The results show excellent imaging performance with fewer artifacts and less than a 2-mm localization error.
本文提出了一种利用人工神经网络定位目标的微波成像新方法。经过训练的神经网络从测量的散射数据重建断层图像,例如非线性电磁逆散射求解器。通过网络预测和目标值之间的交叉熵来确定隐藏神经元的适当数量。为了通过实验验证这种方法,我们建立了一个由16个天线组成的试验台,这些天线在水下发射和接收950 MHz的微波,并使用直径为2毫米的金属棒作为定位目标。结果显示出优异的成像性能,具有较少的伪影和小于2mm的定位误差。
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引用次数: 0
Classification of Transmission Modes through a Narrow Slot in a Thick Conducting Screen 厚导电屏窄槽传输模式的分类
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2022-07-31 DOI: 10.26866/jees.2022.4.r.117
K. Kim, Gyeong-Sik Park, G. Min, Young-Ki Cho
This paper examines electromagnetic energy transmission through a narrow slot in a thick conducting plate when a plane wave is incident to the slot. The slot in the thick plate creates a waveguide structure. From the perspective of cutoff frequency, the transmission characteristics are classified into three modes. The transmission cavity resonance (TCR) mode in the range above the cutoff depends on the plate thickness, and peak transmission cross-sections (TCSs) appear periodically along the plate thickness, known as Fabry-Perot resonance. The near-cutoff resonance transmission (NCRT) mode depends on the slot length and plate thickness, and the maximum TCS appears only once as a slot length resonance (or transverse resonance). The peak TCS for the NCRT mode occurs with a thin plate thickness, which produces slot length resonance. The non-transmission cavity (NTC) mode is a non-transmission and non-resonance mode and is not propagated. All the maximum TCSs for the TCR and NCRT modes occur in parallel resonance. The analysis results show that the classification of the three transmission modes through the thick plate slot is effectively explained by the TCS and aperture impedance.
本文研究了当平面波入射厚导体板狭槽时,电磁能量通过狭槽的传输。厚板上的槽形成波导结构。从截止频率的角度,将其传输特性分为三种模式。在截止点以上的范围内,传输腔共振(TCR)模式取决于板的厚度,峰值传输截面(TCSs)沿着板的厚度周期性地出现,称为法布里-珀罗共振。近截止共振传输(NCRT)模式取决于槽长和板厚,最大TCS仅以槽长共振(或横向共振)的形式出现一次。NCRT模式的峰值TCS发生在薄板厚度下,从而产生槽长共振。非传输腔(NTC)模式是一种非传输和非共振模式,不传播。TCR和NCRT模式的最大tcs都发生在平行共振中。分析结果表明,通过厚板槽的三种传输模式的分类可以有效地用TCS和孔径阻抗来解释。
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引用次数: 0
Iterative Method for Modeling a Wireless Power Transfer System with Nonlinearity of Voltage Rectifier 电压整流器非线性无线输电系统的迭代建模方法
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2022-07-31 DOI: 10.26866/jees.2022.4.r.118
Eakhwan Song, Jangyong Ahn, Jiseong Kim
In this paper, we developed an iterative method for modeling a wireless power transfer (WPT) system with nonlinearity. The proposed method can determine the steady-state characteristics of the nonlinear rectifier circuit based on the converging iteration. Additionally, the transfer response of the receiving voltage can be identified with respect to the operating frequency by employing the proposed method in the frequency domain. The proposed method was applied to a WPT system that was designed based on the Qi specification. The circuit simulation and measurement results successfully validated the application of the proposed iterative method.
在本文中,我们开发了一种非线性无线电力传输(WPT)系统建模的迭代方法。该方法可以基于收敛迭代法确定非线性整流电路的稳态特性。此外,通过在频域中采用所提出的方法,可以识别接收电压的传递响应相对于工作频率。将该方法应用于基于Qi规范设计的WPT系统。电路仿真和测量结果验证了该迭代方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Three-Dimensional Near-Field to Far-Field Transformation for Radar Cross Section Estimation of Elongated Targets via Subdimensional Hybrid Conversion 三维近场到远场变换用于细长目标雷达截面的亚维混合转换估计
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2022-07-31 DOI: 10.26866/jees.2022.4.r.116
Jeong-Kyu Kim, Hyun-Sung Tae, Min-Gyeong Seo, Ho-Min Park
Image-based (IB) near-field to far-field transformation (NFFFT) is a useful method for the valid prediction of radar cross sections (RCSs) from short-range monostatic measurements. Many previous studies on the IB NFFFT algorithm have been limited to two-dimensional (2D) measurement cases. In this work, a subdimensional hybrid conversion approach is proposed as a relevant three-dimensional (3D) NFFFT method consisting of the following procedures. First, the spherical-wave information collected through 3D scanning is converted to a cylindrical waveform by applying the 2D circular NFFFT (CNFFFT) method to every vertical subplane (r-θ plane). Then, a horizontal far-field radar image on the x-y plane and an RCS pattern are extracted through direct integration of a 2D focusing operator modified to compensate for a magnitude error through distance approximation during the CNFFFT procedure. The results of a comparative study with direct integration of a 3D focusing operator are presented to show the validity and performance of the proposed method.
基于图像(IB)的近场到远场变换(NFFFT)是一种有效预测雷达截面积(rcs)的方法。以前关于IB NFFFT算法的许多研究都局限于二维(2D)测量情况。在这项工作中,提出了一种子维度混合转换方法,作为相关的三维(3D) NFFFT方法,由以下步骤组成。首先,通过对每个垂直子平面(r-θ平面)应用二维圆形NFFFT (CNFFFT)方法,将三维扫描采集到的球波信息转换为圆柱波形。然后,通过直接积分二维聚焦算子来补偿CNFFFT过程中通过距离逼近产生的幅度误差,提取x-y平面上的水平远场雷达图像和RCS方向图。通过与直接集成三维聚焦算子的对比研究,验证了该方法的有效性和性能。
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引用次数: 0
Efficient Finite-Difference Time-Domain Modeling of Time-Varying Dusty Plasma 时变尘埃等离子体的有效时域有限差分建模
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2022-07-31 DOI: 10.26866/jees.2022.4.r.115
Yong-Jin Kim, Jeahoon Cho, Kyung‐Young Jung
The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method has been widely used for the electromagnetic analysis of dusty plasma sheath in reentering hypersonic vehicles. The time-varying characteristics of dusty plasma should be considered to accurately analyze THz wave propagation in dusty plasma. In this work, we propose an efficient FDTD modeling of time-varying dusty plasma based on the combination of the bilinear transform and the state-space approach. The proposed FDTD formulation for time-varying dusty plasma can lead to a significant improvement in computational efficiency against the conventional shift operator FDTD counterpart while maintaining numerical accuracy. Numerical examples are performed to validate the proposed FDTD modeling of time-varying dusty plasma.
时域有限差分(FDTD)方法已广泛应用于再入高超声速飞行器尘埃等离子体护套的电磁分析。要准确分析太赫兹波在尘埃等离子体中的传播,必须考虑尘埃等离子体的时变特性。在这项工作中,我们提出了一种基于双线性变换和状态空间方法相结合的时变尘埃等离子体时域有限差分模型。提出的时变尘埃等离子体时域有限差分公式可以在保持数值精度的同时显著提高计算效率。通过数值算例验证了时域有限差分法对时变尘埃等离子体的建模。
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引用次数: 1
A Miniaturized Implantable Antenna for Wireless Power Transfer and Communication in Biomedical Applications 生物医学应用中用于无线电力传输和通信的微型植入式天线
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2022-07-31 DOI: 10.26866/jees.2022.4.r.107
Lam Vu Tung, C. Seo
A miniaturized, triple-band, implantable antenna for biomedical applications is presented in this paper. The proposed antenna with dimensions of 8.1 mm × 8.1 mm × 0.64 mm, combined with a shorting pin and a ground slot, operates at bands between 401–406 MHz for the medical implant communications service (MICS); 1,395–1,400 MHz and 1,427–1,432 MHz for the wireless medical telemetry service (WMTS); and 2,400–2,500 MHz for industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) applications. The antenna is deployed simultaneously for data transmission and wireless power transfer (WPT) at the two frequencies of communications and the ISM band, respectively. The antenna achieves peak gain values of -35.7 dBi, -25.1 dBi, and -19.5 dBi with the impedance bandwidths of 10.1%, 15.5%, and 9.58% at 402 MHz, 1.4 GHz, and 2.45 GHz, respectively. The experiments in the muscle tissue were implemented to demonstrate the reliability of the proposed antenna. To ensure safety standards in the human body environment, the specific absorption rate (SAR) value is simulated and evaluated thoroughly.
本文介绍了一种用于生物医学应用的小型化三频植入式天线。所提出的天线尺寸为8.1 mm×8.1 mm×0.64 mm,结合短路引脚和接地槽,可在401–406 MHz之间的频带下工作,用于医疗植入通信服务(MICS);1395–1400 MHz和1427–1432 MHz用于无线医疗遥测服务(WMTS);2400–2500 MHz用于工业、科学和医疗(ISM)应用。天线被同时部署用于分别在两个通信频率和ISM频带上的数据传输和无线功率传输(WPT)。该天线在402 MHz、1.4 GHz和2.45 GHz下分别实现了-35.7 dBi、-25.1 dBi和-19.5 dBi的峰值增益,阻抗带宽分别为10.1%、15.5%和9.58%。在肌肉组织中进行了实验,以证明所提出的天线的可靠性。为了确保人体环境中的安全标准,对比吸收率(SAR)值进行了全面的模拟和评估。
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引用次数: 7
Substrate Integrated Waveguide Quasi-Elliptic Filter with Arbitrary Termination Impedances 任意端阻抗基片集成波导准椭圆滤波器
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2022-07-31 DOI: 10.26866/jees.2022.4.r.111
Phanam Pech, P. Kim, G. Chaudhary, Y. Jeong
This paper presents a quasi-elliptic filter (QEF) with arbitrary termination impedances (ATI). The proposed QEF is designed by adding cross-coupling between the first and last resonators of an ATI bandpass filter (BPF) with the Chebyshev response. The proposed QEFs with ATI can be designed in even-order resonators and the location of the pair transmission zeros (TZs) is controllable. To prove the validity of the proposed design, the fourth-order QEFs with ATI were implemented on a single-layer substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity at a center frequency (f0) of 10 GHz with the pair TZs at 10 ± 1.4 GHz. These SIW QEFs with ATI improve frequency selectivity and effectively suppress the out-of-band signal with high power handling. The measured maximum insertion loss (|S21|) and minimum return loss (|S11|) of the SIW QEF with unequal real-to-real ATI are 0.93 dB and 17.4 dB, respectively, in the passband. Similarly, the maximum |S21| and minimum |SS11| of the SIW QEF with complex-to-real ATI are 1.2 dB and 18 dB, respectively.yer substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity at a center frequency (
本文提出了一种具有任意端阻抗(ATI)的准椭圆滤波器(QEF)。所提出的QEF是通过在具有切比雪夫响应的ATI带通滤波器(BPF)的第一个和最后一个谐振器之间添加交叉耦合来设计的。所提出的具有ATI的QEF可以设计为偶数阶谐振器,并且对传输零点(TZs)的位置是可控的。为了证明所提出的设计的有效性,在中心频率(f0)为10GHz的单层衬底集成波导(SIW)腔上实现了ATI的四阶QEF,TZ对为10±1.4GHz。这些带有ATI的SIW QEF提高了频率选择性,并以高功率处理有效抑制带外信号。在通带中,具有不等实ATI的SIW QEF的测量的最大插入损耗(|S21|)和最小返回损耗(|S11|)分别为0.93dB和17.4dB。类似地,具有复实ATI的SIW QEF在中心频率下的最大|S21|和最小|SS11|分别为1.2dB和18dB(
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引用次数: 2
A Low-Profile Quasi-Loop Magneto-Electric Dipole Antenna Featuring a Wide Bandwidth and Circular Polarization for 5G mmWave Device-to-Device Communication 面向5G毫米波设备对设备通信的宽带圆极化低轮廓准环路磁电偶极子天线
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2022-07-31 DOI: 10.26866/jees.2022.4.r.110
Shahanawaz Kamal, M. F. Ain, U. Ullah, A. Mohammed, R. Hussin, M. Omar, Fathul Najmi, Z. Ahmad, Mohd Fariz Ab Rahman, M. N. Mahmud, M. Othman, J. J. Mohamed
The deployment of the millimeter (mmWave) frequency spectrum by fifth-generation (5G) device-to-device (D2D) wireless networks is anticipated to meet the growing demands for increased capacity. The antenna is regarded of as an important determinant that guarantees the maximum performance of wireless communication. This paper presents a low-profile magneto-electric (ME) dipole antenna for 5G mmWave D2D communication. A single-element quasi-loop radiator was designed to excite horizontal polarization, and a coaxial probe was used to produce vertical polarization. Subsequently, the structure of the radiator was transformed into a two-element quasi-loop antenna to achieve an omnidirectional radiation pattern with relatively enhanced gain. A coaxially fed T-junction microstrip element was implemented to equally distribute the signal between the two quasi-loop radiators and attain proper impedance matching. Furthermore, a pair of shorting pins was introduced into the two-element design to maintain the circularly polarized (CP) radiation. The finest values of the axial ratio and |S11| were derived by rigorously optimizing all the geometry parameters. Both single-element and two-element quasiloop antennas were fabricated and characterized experimentally on the air substrate. The advantage of avoiding a physical substrate is to realize a wide bandwidth, circumvent dielectric losses, and ascertain the maximum gain. The measured and simulated results agree thoroughly with each other. Stable in-band CP radiation were accomplished, thus confirming an appropriate field vector combination from the coaxial probe and the radiator. The finalized antenna engaged an area of ~7.6λ20 for operation at 23.9–30.0 GHz with an axial ratio <3 dB, radiation efficiency ~80%, and gain >5 dBic.
预计第五代(5G)设备对设备(D2D)无线网络将部署毫米波(mmWave)频谱,以满足日益增长的容量需求。天线被认为是保证无线通信性能最大化的重要决定因素。本文提出了一种用于5G毫米波D2D通信的低轮廓磁电偶极子天线。设计了单元件准环路辐射器激发水平极化,同轴探头产生垂直极化。随后,将辐射体结构转化为双单元准环路天线,实现增益相对增强的全向辐射方向图。采用同轴馈电t结微带元件,使信号均匀分布在两个准环路辐射体之间,达到适当的阻抗匹配。此外,在双单元设计中引入了一对短引脚来维持圆极化辐射。通过对各几何参数的严格优化,得到了轴比和|S11|的最优值。在空气基板上制备了单元和双元准环天线,并对其进行了实验表征。避免使用物理衬底的优点是可以实现较宽的带宽,避免介电损耗,并确定最大增益。实测结果与模拟结果吻合较好。实现了稳定的带内CP辐射,从而确定了同轴探头和散热器的适当场矢量组合。最终天线占地约7.6λ20,工作在23.9-30.0 GHz,轴比5 dBic。
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引用次数: 4
期刊
Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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