Pub Date : 2024-03-21DOI: 10.26866/jees.2024.4.r.222
Sungpil Cheon, Hyungwoo Kim, B. Kim
We propose a new method to estimate the waveforms of frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) interferers by intentional interference. The proposed method utilizes the crossing interference of FMCW radar by adaptive waveform configuration. The victim radar analyzes the periodicity and frequency of the interference signal from the mixer at the FMCW receiver. The bandwidth, slope, and intervals of the interferer waveform are derived from multiple adaptive waveforms from interference detection results. The estimated time and frequency waveform parameters of the interferer can be utilized to generate an interference-free waveform. The proposed approach has been tested and validated using two different mmWave commercial off-the-shelf automotive FMCW radars: the AWR2243 and AWR2944 evaluation boards. In three different scenarios in indoor and outdoor environments, the proposed method successfully estimated interferer waveform parameters with 0.9 seconds of monitoring processing and less than 3% error.
{"title":"FMCW Interference Waveform Estimation Based on Intentional Local Interference for Automotive Radars","authors":"Sungpil Cheon, Hyungwoo Kim, B. Kim","doi":"10.26866/jees.2024.4.r.222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26866/jees.2024.4.r.222","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a new method to estimate the waveforms of frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) interferers by intentional interference. The proposed method utilizes the crossing interference of FMCW radar by adaptive waveform configuration. The victim radar analyzes the periodicity and frequency of the interference signal from the mixer at the FMCW receiver. The bandwidth, slope, and intervals of the interferer waveform are derived from multiple adaptive waveforms from interference detection results. The estimated time and frequency waveform parameters of the interferer can be utilized to generate an interference-free waveform. The proposed approach has been tested and validated using two different mmWave commercial off-the-shelf automotive FMCW radars: the AWR2243 and AWR2944 evaluation boards. In three different scenarios in indoor and outdoor environments, the proposed method successfully estimated interferer waveform parameters with 0.9 seconds of monitoring processing and less than 3% error.","PeriodicalId":15662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140221971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.26866/jees.2024.2.r.210
Rasika Verma, Rohit Sharma
This article presents a four-element directional multiple input multiple output (MIMO) rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (RDRA) equipped with strategically placed copper reflector plates to enhance port isolation. This design aims to achieve an extended coverage range without compromising the coverage area. The proposed MIMO antenna is 3D printed using biodegradable polylactic acid to ensure mechanical robustness and then integrated with the substrate to prevent mis-mounting issues. The proposed design exhibits good MIMO characteristics, registering a 3-GHz bandwidth (4–7 GHz) for | S 11 | ≤-10 dB and a minimum radiation gain of 7 dBi for all four RDRAs. The antenna demonstrates a rotation of radiation patterns for different ports, thus enabling beam formation in specific directions. With a beam width of 71.2 ˚ , the antenna covers all directions without any fade zones. The proposed 3D printed antenna offers simplicity, strong MIMO properties, and practicality for wireless communication systems, making it suitable for industrial, scientific, and medical band applications.
本文介绍了一种四元件定向多输入多输出（MIMO）矩形介质谐振器天线（RDRA），该天线配备了战略性放置的铜反射板，以增强端口隔离。这种设计的目的是在不影响覆盖面积的情况下扩大覆盖范围。拟议的 MIMO 天线采用可生物降解的聚乳酸进行 3D 打印，以确保机械坚固性，然后与基板集成，以防止误安装问题。所提出的设计具有良好的 MIMO 特性，在 | S 11 | ≤-10 dB 时具有 3 GHz 的带宽（4-7 GHz），所有四个 RDRA 的最小辐射增益均为 7 dBi。该天线展示了不同端口的旋转辐射模式，从而能够在特定方向形成波束。天线的波束宽度为 71.2 ˚，覆盖所有方向，没有任何衰减区。所提出的 3D 打印天线具有简易性、强大的多输入多输出（MIMO）特性和无线通信系统的实用性，使其适用于工业、科学和医疗频段的应用。
{"title":"Four-Element Biodegradable Substrate-Integrated MIMO DRA with Radiation Diversity","authors":"Rasika Verma, Rohit Sharma","doi":"10.26866/jees.2024.2.r.210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26866/jees.2024.2.r.210","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a four-element directional multiple input multiple output (MIMO) rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (RDRA) equipped with strategically placed copper reflector plates to enhance port isolation. This design aims to achieve an extended coverage range without compromising the coverage area. The proposed MIMO antenna is 3D printed using biodegradable polylactic acid to ensure mechanical robustness and then integrated with the substrate to prevent mis-mounting issues. The proposed design exhibits good MIMO characteristics, registering a 3-GHz bandwidth (4–7 GHz) for | S 11 | ≤-10 dB and a minimum radiation gain of 7 dBi for all four RDRAs. The antenna demonstrates a rotation of radiation patterns for different ports, thus enabling beam formation in specific directions. With a beam width of 71.2 ˚ , the antenna covers all directions without any fade zones. The proposed 3D printed antenna offers simplicity, strong MIMO properties, and practicality for wireless communication systems, making it suitable for industrial, scientific, and medical band applications.","PeriodicalId":15662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140420641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.26866/jees.2023.6.r.191
S. Nandigama, Bharath Kunooru, Dasari Ramakrishna, Vijay M. Pandharipande
A dual-band antenna with pattern similarity using the energy-squeezing mechanism of an epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) metamaterial is designed, and experimental results are presented with simulated data. To achieve high gain and pattern similarity, a waveguide-based ENZ metamaterial property is adopted in a planar microstrip form at the upper band. The designed dual-band antenna is resonating at 4.3 GHz and 9.8 GHz frequencies with the desired radiation pattern. A metamaterial unit cell with ENZ characteristics at 9.8 GHz is designed to improve the antenna’s performance. The permittivity and permeability of the unit cell are characterized using the Nicolson–Ross–Weir method. By adding a square ring structure, the antenna geometry exhibits ENZ characteristics. Using the ENZ material’s energy-squeezing mechanism, a 12-dB gain improvement is achieved in the upper band without affecting the lower band radiation characteristics without increasing the complexity. It can be used in C- and X-band applications, such as mobile, military, defense, and radar communication. The dual-band antenna with ENZ material is fabricated, and the measured results show a good match with the simulated results. The proposed antenna size at 4.3 GHz is 0.58λ × 0.58λ × 0.02λ.
{"title":"Pattern Similarity and Gain Enhancement of Dual-Band Antenna Using an ENZ Metamaterial","authors":"S. Nandigama, Bharath Kunooru, Dasari Ramakrishna, Vijay M. Pandharipande","doi":"10.26866/jees.2023.6.r.191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26866/jees.2023.6.r.191","url":null,"abstract":"A dual-band antenna with pattern similarity using the energy-squeezing mechanism of an epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) metamaterial is designed, and experimental results are presented with simulated data. To achieve high gain and pattern similarity, a waveguide-based ENZ metamaterial property is adopted in a planar microstrip form at the upper band. The designed dual-band antenna is resonating at 4.3 GHz and 9.8 GHz frequencies with the desired radiation pattern. A metamaterial unit cell with ENZ characteristics at 9.8 GHz is designed to improve the antenna’s performance. The permittivity and permeability of the unit cell are characterized using the Nicolson–Ross–Weir method. By adding a square ring structure, the antenna geometry exhibits ENZ characteristics. Using the ENZ material’s energy-squeezing mechanism, a 12-dB gain improvement is achieved in the upper band without affecting the lower band radiation characteristics without increasing the complexity. It can be used in C- and X-band applications, such as mobile, military, defense, and radar communication. The dual-band antenna with ENZ material is fabricated, and the measured results show a good match with the simulated results. The proposed antenna size at 4.3 GHz is 0.58λ × 0.58λ × 0.02λ.","PeriodicalId":15662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139207476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.26866/jees.2023.6.r.197
Yingchun Xiao, Yang Yang, Feng Zhu
To separate electromagnetic interference sources with an unknown source number, a new separation method is proposed, which includes five key steps: spatial spectrum estimation, source number and direction-of-arrival estimation, mixed matrix estimation, separation matrix estimation, and source signal recovery. A pseudospatial spectrum estimation network based on a convolutional neural network is proposed to estimate the number of electromagnetic radiation sources, their direction of arrival, and the mixing matrix. A new loss function is designed as an optimization criterion for estimating the separation matrix. To ensure generalization, both simulated and measured datasets are used to train the proposed network. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed separation method outperforms existing source separation techniques in terms of correlation coefficient, root mean square error, and running time. Importantly, it exhibits strong performance in underdetermined cases, as well as in overdetermined or determined cases.
{"title":"A Separation Method for Electromagnetic Radiation Sources of the Same Frequency","authors":"Yingchun Xiao, Yang Yang, Feng Zhu","doi":"10.26866/jees.2023.6.r.197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26866/jees.2023.6.r.197","url":null,"abstract":"To separate electromagnetic interference sources with an unknown source number, a new separation method is proposed, which includes five key steps: spatial spectrum estimation, source number and direction-of-arrival estimation, mixed matrix estimation, separation matrix estimation, and source signal recovery. A pseudospatial spectrum estimation network based on a convolutional neural network is proposed to estimate the number of electromagnetic radiation sources, their direction of arrival, and the mixing matrix. A new loss function is designed as an optimization criterion for estimating the separation matrix. To ensure generalization, both simulated and measured datasets are used to train the proposed network. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed separation method outperforms existing source separation techniques in terms of correlation coefficient, root mean square error, and running time. Importantly, it exhibits strong performance in underdetermined cases, as well as in overdetermined or determined cases.","PeriodicalId":15662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139199336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.26866/jees.2023.6.r.194
Wonmin Cho, N. Kwak
In modern radars, the target detection probability is increased by lowering the detection threshold via signal processing to detect a point target with a small radar cross-section value. However, a lower threshold increases the number of false targets. In the conventional tracking method, which uses a general tracking filter, the measurement data between scans should be compared. Therefore, for a large amount of acquired measurement data, the computational complexity can be reduced by accumulating the acquired measurement data over time, recognizing the target movement as a pattern, and training a convolutional neural network (CNN) model. Here, we propose a method to create a desired target scenario by transfer learning and estimate the target position using the activation map of a binary detector CNN model. The model can detect a target using the actual acquired radar data, and the processing time remains constant, regardless of the number of false alarms.
{"title":"Time-Domain Measurement Data Accumulation for Slow Moving Point Target Detection in Heavily Cluttered Environments Using CNN","authors":"Wonmin Cho, N. Kwak","doi":"10.26866/jees.2023.6.r.194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26866/jees.2023.6.r.194","url":null,"abstract":"In modern radars, the target detection probability is increased by lowering the detection threshold via signal processing to detect a point target with a small radar cross-section value. However, a lower threshold increases the number of false targets. In the conventional tracking method, which uses a general tracking filter, the measurement data between scans should be compared. Therefore, for a large amount of acquired measurement data, the computational complexity can be reduced by accumulating the acquired measurement data over time, recognizing the target movement as a pattern, and training a convolutional neural network (CNN) model. Here, we propose a method to create a desired target scenario by transfer learning and estimate the target position using the activation map of a binary detector CNN model. The model can detect a target using the actual acquired radar data, and the processing time remains constant, regardless of the number of false alarms.","PeriodicalId":15662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139202194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.26866/jees.2023.6.r.193
Taejoo Sim, Dong-min Lee, Wansik Kim, Ki-Choul Kim, Jeung Won Choi, Min-Su Kim, Junghyun Kim
In this study, a dual-band low-noise amplifier (LNA) was implemented by applying a transformer-based neutralization technology to the W-band. Incorporating the neutralization technique was difficult owing to performance degradation in the W-band. However, circuit performance was enhanced thanks to the layout optimization of transformer-based neutralization networks, and the improved operation was confirmed in the W-band. The neutralization technique was implemented in four stages with a 0.1-μm gallium arsenide (GaAs) pseudomorphic high-electron-mobility-transistor monolithic microwave integrated circuit LNA. The LNA showed small signal gains of 20.3 dB and 21.7 dB and noise figures of 5.0 dB and 6.4 dB (at 84 GHz and 96 GHz, respectively) while consuming 46 mW from a 1-V supply.
在这项研究中，通过在 W 波段应用基于变压器的中和技术，实现了双波段低噪声放大器（LNA）。由于 W 波段的性能下降，采用中和技术非常困难。然而，由于对基于变压器的中和网络进行了布局优化，电路性能得到了提高，而且在 W 波段的运行情况也得到了证实。中和技术在 0.1 微米砷化镓（GaAs）拟态高电子迁移率晶体管单片微波集成电路低噪声放大器上分四个阶段实现。LNA 的小信号增益分别为 20.3 dB 和 21.7 dB，噪声系数分别为 5.0 dB 和 6.4 dB（频率分别为 84 GHz 和 96 GHz），1 V 电源功耗为 46 mW。
{"title":"High-Q Transformer Neutralization Technique for W-Band Dual-Band LNA Using 0.1 μm GaAs pHEMT Technology","authors":"Taejoo Sim, Dong-min Lee, Wansik Kim, Ki-Choul Kim, Jeung Won Choi, Min-Su Kim, Junghyun Kim","doi":"10.26866/jees.2023.6.r.193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26866/jees.2023.6.r.193","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a dual-band low-noise amplifier (LNA) was implemented by applying a transformer-based neutralization technology to the W-band. Incorporating the neutralization technique was difficult owing to performance degradation in the W-band. However, circuit performance was enhanced thanks to the layout optimization of transformer-based neutralization networks, and the improved operation was confirmed in the W-band. The neutralization technique was implemented in four stages with a 0.1-μm gallium arsenide (GaAs) pseudomorphic high-electron-mobility-transistor monolithic microwave integrated circuit LNA. The LNA showed small signal gains of 20.3 dB and 21.7 dB and noise figures of 5.0 dB and 6.4 dB (at 84 GHz and 96 GHz, respectively) while consuming 46 mW from a 1-V supply.","PeriodicalId":15662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139202786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A wideband differentially fed circularly polarized (CP) antenna featuring a slotted patch design with a large beamwidth is presented. The final design of the differentially fed CP antenna, aimed at achieving high gain and a wide axial ratio (AR) bandwidth, involves coupling a differential bending dipole antenna to the slotted patch in the same plane. The presented differentially fed CP antenna demonstrates characteristics of a large AR beamwidth, as verified by simulation and experiment. The measured AR beamwidths of 132.3° in the xoz plane (phi = 0°) and 116.2° in the yoz plane (phi = 90°) are realized at 5.5 GHz. The measured result exhibits broadband performance with a -10-dB impedance bandwidth of 78.8% (3.81–8.76 GHz), a 3-dB AR bandwidth of 36.7% (4.78–6.93 GHz), and a maximum gain of 10.2 dBic.
本文介绍了一种宽带差分馈电圆极化（CP）天线，其特点是具有大波束宽度的开槽贴片设计。差分馈电 CP 天线的最终设计旨在实现高增益和宽轴向比 (AR) 带宽，包括将差分弯曲偶极子天线耦合到同一平面上的开槽贴片。仿真和实验验证了所介绍的差分馈电 CP 天线具有大 AR 波束宽度的特点。在 5.5 GHz 时，xoz 平面（phi = 0°）和 yoz 平面（phi = 90°）分别测得 132.3° 和 116.2° 的 AR 波束宽度。测量结果具有宽带性能，-10 分贝阻抗带宽为 78.8%（3.81-8.76 千兆赫），3 分贝 AR 带宽为 36.7%（4.78-6.93 千兆赫），最大增益为 10.2 分贝。
{"title":"A Wideband Differentially Fed Circularly Polarized Slotted Patch Antenna with a Large Beamwidth","authors":"Wen Li, Wei Xue, Yingsong Li, Kwok L. Chung, Zhixiang Huang","doi":"10.26866/jees.2023.6.r.196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26866/jees.2023.6.r.196","url":null,"abstract":"A wideband differentially fed circularly polarized (CP) antenna featuring a slotted patch design with a large beamwidth is presented. The final design of the differentially fed CP antenna, aimed at achieving high gain and a wide axial ratio (AR) bandwidth, involves coupling a differential bending dipole antenna to the slotted patch in the same plane. The presented differentially fed CP antenna demonstrates characteristics of a large AR beamwidth, as verified by simulation and experiment. The measured AR beamwidths of 132.3° in the xoz plane (phi = 0°) and 116.2° in the yoz plane (phi = 90°) are realized at 5.5 GHz. The measured result exhibits broadband performance with a -10-dB impedance bandwidth of 78.8% (3.81–8.76 GHz), a 3-dB AR bandwidth of 36.7% (4.78–6.93 GHz), and a maximum gain of 10.2 dBic.","PeriodicalId":15662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139202982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.26866/jees.2023.6.r.195
Gyoungdeuk Kim, Myeongha Hwang, Ingon Lee, Sangkil Kim
In this paper, a miniaturized multifunctional unit cell structure of a transmitarray operating at S-band and its verification method using a waveguide structure is presented. The unit cell of a multifunctional transmitarray antenna is a critical component because it controls the phase and polarization of an incident wave. The proposed unit cell consists of three main parts: an Rx antenna, a Tx antenna, and a control circuit for phase and polarization. The performance of the designed unit cell is verified by a rectangular waveguide structure. The waveguide structure feeds an electromagnetic wave propagating in a TE10 mode to a 1 × 2 unit cell array to verify polarization and phase shifting capability of the unit cell. The phase shifting and polarization conversion capabilities of the proposed unit cell are directly measured by the radiation patterns and polarization of the transmitted wave.
{"title":"Design and Verification of a Miniaturized Multifunctional Transmitarray Unit Cell for the S-Band","authors":"Gyoungdeuk Kim, Myeongha Hwang, Ingon Lee, Sangkil Kim","doi":"10.26866/jees.2023.6.r.195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26866/jees.2023.6.r.195","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a miniaturized multifunctional unit cell structure of a transmitarray operating at S-band and its verification method using a waveguide structure is presented. The unit cell of a multifunctional transmitarray antenna is a critical component because it controls the phase and polarization of an incident wave. The proposed unit cell consists of three main parts: an Rx antenna, a Tx antenna, and a control circuit for phase and polarization. The performance of the designed unit cell is verified by a rectangular waveguide structure. The waveguide structure feeds an electromagnetic wave propagating in a TE10 mode to a 1 × 2 unit cell array to verify polarization and phase shifting capability of the unit cell. The phase shifting and polarization conversion capabilities of the proposed unit cell are directly measured by the radiation patterns and polarization of the transmitted wave.","PeriodicalId":15662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139203410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.26866/jees.2023.6.l.19
Jeahoon Cho, Jiwoong Park, Hyoungseuk Jin, Junhyeong Bae, Kyung-Young Jung
In this work, we propose an efficient finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation technique for the electromagnetic (EM) wave analysis of the Faraday rotation angle in the ionosphere. For this purpose, we first model the physical ionosphere as a scaled-down FDTD computational domain by a space-compression factor. Next, the Faraday rotation angle calculated from the FDTD simulation is calibrated by multiplying the space-compression factor. Numerical examples demonstrate that this novel space-compression-and-calibration technique can lead to a computationally efficient FDTD simulation for the EM analysis of the Faraday rotation angle without accuracy degradation.
{"title":"Efficient FDTD Simulation for the EM Analysis of Faraday Rotation in the Ionosphere","authors":"Jeahoon Cho, Jiwoong Park, Hyoungseuk Jin, Junhyeong Bae, Kyung-Young Jung","doi":"10.26866/jees.2023.6.l.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26866/jees.2023.6.l.19","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we propose an efficient finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation technique for the electromagnetic (EM) wave analysis of the Faraday rotation angle in the ionosphere. For this purpose, we first model the physical ionosphere as a scaled-down FDTD computational domain by a space-compression factor. Next, the Faraday rotation angle calculated from the FDTD simulation is calibrated by multiplying the space-compression factor. Numerical examples demonstrate that this novel space-compression-and-calibration technique can lead to a computationally efficient FDTD simulation for the EM analysis of the Faraday rotation angle without accuracy degradation.","PeriodicalId":15662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139197599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.26866/jees.2023.6.l.20
Jang-Yeol Kim, Hyun Joon Lee, J. Oh, Jae-Ho Lee, In-Kui Cho
This letter presents the topology of a novel approach to magnetic communication using a giant magnetoimpedance (GMI)-based receiver with a GMI sensor in underwater media such as freshwater. In addition, practical channel test results for the magnetic communication link of a GMI receiver in freshwater are first presented. For this test, a magnetic communication system using a GMI-based receiver, including triangularly arranged transmission coil antennas, was proposed. Wireless digital communication using quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), which is less sensitive to noise and has a high data rate, was used to evaluate the proposed GMI receiver. Several performance metrics, such as constellation, data rate, and error vector magnitude, were measured at 20 kHz. The test results were meaningful, indicating that the proposed magnetic communication system using a GMI-based receiver can be a promising solution for wireless communication in extreme environments, such as underwater media.
{"title":"Experimental Results of Magnetic Communication Using the Giant Magnetoimpedance Receiver in Underwater Environments","authors":"Jang-Yeol Kim, Hyun Joon Lee, J. Oh, Jae-Ho Lee, In-Kui Cho","doi":"10.26866/jees.2023.6.l.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26866/jees.2023.6.l.20","url":null,"abstract":"This letter presents the topology of a novel approach to magnetic communication using a giant magnetoimpedance (GMI)-based receiver with a GMI sensor in underwater media such as freshwater. In addition, practical channel test results for the magnetic communication link of a GMI receiver in freshwater are first presented. For this test, a magnetic communication system using a GMI-based receiver, including triangularly arranged transmission coil antennas, was proposed. Wireless digital communication using quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), which is less sensitive to noise and has a high data rate, was used to evaluate the proposed GMI receiver. Several performance metrics, such as constellation, data rate, and error vector magnitude, were measured at 20 kHz. The test results were meaningful, indicating that the proposed magnetic communication system using a GMI-based receiver can be a promising solution for wireless communication in extreme environments, such as underwater media.","PeriodicalId":15662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139198093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：