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A Novel Compact Ultra-Wideband Frequency-Selective Surface-Based Antenna for Gain Enhancement Applications 用于增益增强应用的新型紧凑型超宽带选频表面天线
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.26866/jees.2023.2.r.159
Iftikhar Ud Din, W. Ullah, N. A. Abbasi, S. Ullah, Waleed Shihzad, Bilawal Khan, D. Jayakody
This article presents a compact ultra-wideband (UWB) circular monopole antenna with a frequency-selective surface (FSS) for gain enhancement. The proposed antenna has a circular patch with circular cuts at the edges and is excited by a microstrip feed. The bottom plane is truncated and further modified by two triangular cuts at the sides and one rectangular cut in the middle to improve the radiation characteristics of the UWB antenna. The antenna is designed on an FR-4 substrate with a thickness of 1.6 mm, a relative permittivity of 4.3, and planner dimensions of 30 mm × 30 mm. To improve the proposed antenna’s gain, an FSS is designed that consists of periodic unit cells of metal printed on the upper layer of an FR-4 substrate with dimensions of 0.11λ × 0.11λ at the lowest operating frequency of 3.3 GHz. The FSS shows a very low transmission coefficient and linearly reducing reflection phase with increasing frequency over a frequency range of 3.3–10.8 GHz. The gain of the proposed antenna is increased from 3 dB to 8.1 dB at 9 GHz by placing the antenna on the FSS. Moreover, the prototype of the proposed antenna is fabricated, and the experimental results are measured, which show close agreements with simulated results. The FSS-based antenna has directional radiation patterns, making it a potential candidate for ground-penetrating radar and UWB applications.
本文提出了一种紧凑的超宽带(UWB)圆形单极天线,该天线具有频率选择表面(FSS)以增强增益。所提出的天线有一个圆形的贴片,边缘有圆形的切口,并由微带馈电激发。底部平面被截断,并通过两侧的两个三角形切口和中间的一个矩形切口进一步修改,以改善UWB天线的辐射特性。天线设计在厚度为1.6 mm、相对介电常数为4.3、规划尺寸为30 mm × 30 mm的FR-4衬底上。为了提高天线的增益,设计了一种FSS,该FSS由印刷在FR-4衬底上层的金属周期单元组成,尺寸为0.11λ × 0.11λ,最低工作频率为3.3 GHz。在3.3 ~ 10.8 GHz频率范围内,FSS具有很低的传输系数和随频率增加而线性减小的反射相位。通过将天线置于FSS上,所提出的天线在9ghz时的增益从3db增加到8.1 dB。制作了天线样机,并对实验结果进行了测量,结果与仿真结果吻合较好。基于fss的天线具有定向辐射方向图,使其成为探地雷达和超宽带应用的潜在候选者。
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引用次数: 3
Millimeter-Wave Monopulse Filtenna Array with Directive Dielectric Resonators 具有定向介质谐振器的毫米波单脉冲滤波天线阵列
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.26866/jees.2023.2.r.147
Seungkuk Park, J. Park, Moon‐Que Lee
This paper presents a new millimeter-wave monopulse dielectric resonator (DR) filtering antenna (filtenna) array based on substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) technology. The monopulse comparator realized by a square dual-mode (TE102 and TE201) SIW feed cavity uses diagonal irises, of which couplings between the feed and next-stage cavities lead to almost identical filter responses for the sum and difference channels with compact size and a planar single-substrate structure. Both dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs) adopting HEM133 mode for enhanced directivity are implemented with two filters based on SIW. The DR acts as the last resonator and the radiator in the filtenna. The prototype is designed at the Ka-band with a center frequency of 27.65 GHz and an operation bandwidth of 700 MHz. The measurement shows a 15-dB fractional bandwidth of 2.36%, a gain of 10.84 dBi for the sum channel, and a null depth of -15.6 dB for the difference channel.
提出了一种基于基板集成波导技术的毫米波单脉冲介质谐振器滤波天线阵列。方形双模(TE102和TE201) SIW进给腔实现的单脉冲比较器采用对角虹膜,进给腔和下一级腔之间的耦合使得尺寸紧凑的和差通道和平面单衬底结构的滤波器响应几乎相同。采用HEM133模式增强指向性的介质谐振器天线(DRAs)采用基于SIW的两个滤波器实现。DR在滤波器中充当最后的谐振器和辐射器。原型机设计在ka波段,中心频率为27.65 GHz,工作带宽为700 MHz。测量结果表明,和通道的15 dB分数带宽为2.36%,增益为10.84 dBi,差通道的零深度为-15.6 dB。
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引用次数: 1
Inverse Design of Terahertz Optical Power Splitters Using the Particle Swarm Optimization Method 基于粒子群优化方法的太赫兹光功率分配器反设计
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.26866/jees.2023.2.r.153
K. Goudarzi, H. Lee, Doyoung Kim, I. Park, Haewook Han
This letter proposes 50:50 TE terahertz power splitters based on digitized metamaterials. The components are optimized using the particle swarm optimization algorithm. The digitized metamaterials are formed as a silicon slab with circular air holes atop a silicon dioxide substrate. The insertion losses of optimized structures containing air holes with a radius of 9 μm and air holes with different radii (9 μm and 7 μm) are less than 3.9 dB and 3.65 dB, respectively, over a frequency range of 0.87–1.09 THz. The footprint of the proposed devices is 400 μm × 350 μm. The devices have excellent characteristics, such as compactness, efficiency, all-dielectric properties, and compatibility with CMOS fabrication technologies, and can become vital components of most terahertz-wave routing circuits.
这封信提出了基于数字化超材料的50:50 TE太赫兹功率分离器。采用粒子群优化算法对组件进行优化。数字化的超材料形成在二氧化硅衬底上带有圆形气孔的硅板。在0.87 ~ 1.09 THz频率范围内,半径为9 μm的气孔和半径不同(9 μm和7 μm)的气孔的插入损耗分别小于3.9 dB和3.65 dB。器件尺寸为400 μm × 350 μm。该器件具有紧凑、高效、全介电特性和与CMOS制造技术兼容等优良特性,可以成为大多数太赫兹波路由电路的重要组成部分。
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引用次数: 0
Design of a Wideband Balun Using IPD Technology for Compensating the Frequency Dependency 利用IPD技术补偿频率依赖性的宽带平衡器设计
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.26866/jees.2023.2.r.156
Youna Jang, K. Jeong, Yea-Ji Lee, T. Kang, Sangmin Lee, Seoung-Young Koo, D. Ahn
In this paper, we propose a wideband balun using integrated passive device (IPD) technology. The proposed circuit is designed to compensate for the magnitude deviations by differentiating the magnitude S-parameter and calculating the lumped component value when the derivative value is zero. For a smaller size, the proposed circuit is implemented using IPD technology, and the fabricated circuit’s size is 2.4 mm × 1.02 mm. The magnitude of the measurement results has 3.5 ± 0.3 dB deviations from 2.8–4.58 GHz, and the phase difference has 180° ± 10° from 2.8–5 GHz at the center frequency of 3.6 GHz. Therefore, the measurement results show that the theory of the proposed circuit is well matched compared with the measurement results for smaller sizes, wideband magnitude, and phase characteristics.
在本文中,我们提出了一种使用集成无源器件(IPD)技术的宽带巴伦。所提出的电路被设计为通过微分幅度S参数并在导数值为零时计算集总分量值来补偿幅度偏差。对于较小的尺寸,所提出的电路使用IPD技术实现,制造的电路尺寸为2.4 mm×1.02 mm。测量结果的幅度与2.8–4.58 GHz之间有3.5±0.3 dB的偏差,在3.6 GHz的中心频率下,相位差与2.8–5 GHz之间有180°±10°。因此,测量结果表明,与较小尺寸、宽带幅度和相位特性的测量结果相比,所提出的电路的理论是匹配的。
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引用次数: 0
Leakage Power Canceling Module with a Negative Capacitor for a Circulator’s Isolation 带负电容的漏功率消除模块,用于环行器的隔离
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.26866/jees.2023.2.r.151
T.‐B. Ngo, Quang-Huy Do, Sang‐Woong Yoon
In this study, we developed a leakage power canceling module (LPCM) incorporating a negative capacitor (NCAP). The NCAP provided the circulator with a wide bandwidth, rendering it suitable for retrodirective short-range wireless power transfer applications. The proposed LPCM consisted of a directional coupler, a hybrid coupler, and a low-pass filter network with an NCAP that exhibited the frequency response required to realize leakage power cancellation from the transmitter output to the receiver input. The two couplers were fabricated in an FR4 printed circuit board, and the NCAP was implemented using Samsung LR6LP 65 nm RF CMOS IC technology. The NCAP chip provided a capacitance of -2 pF and consumed a DC voltage and current of 3 V and 13 mA, respectively. The size of the fabricated LPCM was 41 mm × 37 mm. The application of the proposed LPCM was demonstrated with a commercial circulator. The S-parameter measurements indicated that the leakage cancellation was 20‒46 dB at a frequency range of 2.29–2.515 GHz. The bandwidth was defined considering a leakage cancellation of more than 20 dB, and the actual and fractional bandwidths were 222 MHz and 9.25%, respectively.
在这项研究中,我们开发了一个包含负电容器(NCAP)的泄漏功率消除模块(LPCM)。NCAP为循环器提供了宽带宽,使其适用于反向短程无线功率传输应用。所提出的LPCM由定向耦合器、混合耦合器和具有NCAP的低通滤波器网络组成,NCAP表现出实现从发射机输出到接收机输入的泄漏功率消除所需的频率响应。两个耦合器在FR4印刷电路板上制造,NCAP使用三星LR6LP 65nm RF CMOS IC技术实现。NCAP芯片提供了-2pF的电容,并分别消耗了3V和13mA的直流电压和电流。制作的LPCM尺寸为41mm×37mm。用商用循环器演示了所提出的LPCM的应用。S参数测量表明,在2.29–2.515 GHz的频率范围内,泄漏消除为20-46 dB。带宽是在考虑超过20dB的泄漏消除的情况下定义的,实际带宽和分数带宽分别为222MHz和9.25%。
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引用次数: 0
Review of Antennas for Railway Communications 铁路通信天线综述
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.26866/jees.2023.2.r.148
A. Arya, Soyul Han, Sanghoek Kim
This paper presents a review of the state-of-the-art antennas for the railway communications. There are various aspects that one should consider when designing an antenna, such as antenna size and directivity. While size constraints on railway antennas are not as critical as for mobile consumer counterparts, a radome structure is required to cover the antenna to minimize the aerodynamic resistance antenna. This paper reviews aerodynamic simulations to account for the drag coefficient of the antenna. In a low-frequency band (<5 GHz), railway antennas used to be omnidirectional in the horizontal plane. As the communication scheme advances toward 5G technology, high directivity is required for the railway antenna to compensate for the high path loss at high-frequency bands, i.e., 28-GHz band. We review recent studies of railway antennas over various frequency bands, such as LTE-R, LTE, and the lower and upper 5G bands. To accommodate multiple frequency bands with a single antenna, along with the aerodynamic radome cover, design techniques allowing multiple frequency bands are reviewed in this paper.
本文介绍了最先进的铁路通信天线。在设计天线时,应该考虑各种方面,例如天线尺寸和方向性。虽然铁路天线的尺寸限制不像移动消费者天线那样重要,但需要天线罩结构来覆盖天线,以最大限度地减少空气动力学阻力天线。本文回顾了考虑天线阻力系数的空气动力学模拟。在低频带(<5 GHz)中,铁路天线过去在水平面上是全向的。随着通信方案向5G技术发展,铁路天线需要高指向性来补偿高频带(即28GHz频带)的高路径损耗。我们回顾了最近对铁路天线在各种频带上的研究,如LTE-R、LTE以及5G的低频段和高频段。为了用单个天线和空气动力学天线罩容纳多个频带,本文综述了允许多个频带的设计技术。
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引用次数: 0
Comparison of Real Experimental and Simulated RCS of Flying Artillery Projectile 飞行炮弹RCS的真实实验与模拟比较
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.26866/jees.2023.2.l.13
Jeong-Hun Nam, I. Koh, Ki-ho Kim, Sang‐Hyun Chun, Hyun Kim
This study compares the actual experimental and simulation data of artillery projectiles (M107 projectiles) fired by a 155-mm gun. The experimental data are collected using a weapon-locating radar developed by LigNex1. The simulation is performed based on the measured projectile trajectories. Additionally, full-polarimetric scattering of the target is calculated using the full-wave method. The time series and statistics of the measured and simulated radar cross-section data are compared, and the differences between the two are addressed.
对155毫米火炮发射的M107炮弹的实际试验数据和仿真数据进行了比较。实验数据是用LigNex1研制的武器定位雷达收集的。仿真是基于实测的弹丸轨迹进行的。此外,利用全波法计算了目标的全极化散射。比较了实测和模拟雷达截面数据的时间序列和统计量,并分析了两者的差异。
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引用次数: 0
Deep Neural Network for the Behavioral Modeling of Memory Effects and Supply Dependency on 10-W Nonlinear Power Amplifiers 基于深度神经网络的10w非线性功率放大器记忆效应和电源依赖行为建模
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.26866/jees.2023.2.r.152
Mihyang Kang, Sieon Lim, Youngcheol Park
In this paper, a deep neural network (DNN) model is proposed for the behavioral modeling of nonlinear power amplifiers with supply dependency. Although the conventional nonlinear model, such as the Volterra series, has high accuracy, it is not commonly implemented because of its complexity. However, with manageable complexity, the multidimensional input parameters of the proposed model ensure the modeling of the nonlinear behavior of power amplifiers with supply voltage dependency. The proposed model is trained by multi-tone signals on a 10-W power amplifier and validated by comparing the output spectrum and the third-order intermodulation (IMD3) of the model versus the measured data. The output spectrum shows less than 0.38 dB of error over a bandwidth of 10 MHz and input power from 11 dBm to 17 dBm, and the IMD3 error is less than 0.1 dB over the output power range.
本文提出了一种基于深度神经网络(DNN)的非线性功率放大器的行为建模方法。传统的非线性模型,如Volterra系列,虽然具有较高的精度,但由于其复杂性,通常不被实现。然而,在可控制的复杂性下,该模型的多维输入参数保证了具有电源电压依赖性的功率放大器非线性行为的建模。在10w功率放大器上用多音信号训练该模型,并将模型的输出频谱和三阶互调(IMD3)与实测数据进行比较,验证了该模型的有效性。在带宽为10 MHz、输入功率为11 ~ 17 dBm范围内,输出频谱误差小于0.38 dB,在输出功率范围内,IMD3误差小于0.1 dB。
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引用次数: 1
Simple Dual-Feed Dual-Circular Polarization Antenna with High Isolation 简易双馈双圆极化高隔离天线
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.26866/jees.2023.2.r.155
S. Choi, Youngkyu Sung
A dual-feed antenna system with circular polarization (CP) diversity and high isolation is proposed in this paper. The proposed antenna consists of two bent monopole antennas and an isosceles triangular partial GND on a single layer. To simply design an antenna with dual-feed dual-CP characteristics, CP bandwidth (BW) is optimized based on a single antenna. The proposed antenna is structurally different from conventional antennas in three ways. Structural asymmetry is realized by bending the shape of the antenna and moving the position, and thus good CP characteristics are obtained. The feeding structure is changed from a linear type to a meander type. As a result, a single monopole antenna has a CP BW of 36%. Next, an antenna system with dual-CP characteristics is introduced by implementing two monopole antennas on a single layer. In this structure, the resonant frequency is controlled by the antenna geometrical parameters, and the null frequency at S21 is controlled by the distance between the two antennas. The measured results show that the CP BW of the proposed antenna is 40.6% (1.51–2.28 GHz). The measured isolation is below -20 dB within the operating BW.
提出了一种具有圆极化分集和高隔离度的双馈天线系统。该天线由两个弯曲单极天线和一个等腰三角形的局部地平面组成。为了简单地设计具有双馈双CP特性的天线,在单天线的基础上优化CP带宽(BW)。该天线在结构上与传统天线有三方面的不同。通过弯曲天线形状和移动天线位置来实现结构不对称,从而获得良好的CP特性。将送料结构由直线式改为曲径式。因此,单单极天线的CP BW为36%。然后,通过在单层上实现两个单极天线,介绍了具有双cp特性的天线系统。在该结构中,谐振频率由天线几何参数控制,S21处的零频率由两根天线之间的距离控制。测量结果表明,该天线的CP BW为40.6% (1.51 ~ 2.28 GHz)。在工作体重范围内,测量的隔离度低于-20 dB。
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引用次数: 0
Design of 39-GHz Up- and Down-Conversion Mixers for 5G mmWave TDD Applications 用于5G毫米波TDD应用的39GHz上下变频混频器的设计
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.26866/jees.2023.2.r.149
Yiyang Wang, Haipeng Duan, Long He, Xu Wu, Dongming Wang, Lianming Li
This article presents fully integrated 39-GHz bidirectional up- and down-conversion mixers for 5G millimeter-wave (mmWave) applications. Fabricated in a 65-nm CMOS process with a 1.2-V supply voltage, the up- and down-conversion mixers consume 39 and 43 mW, respectively. For 5G time-division duplexing (TDD) operation, intermediate-frequency (IF)/local-oscillator (LO)/radio-frequency (RF) T/R switches are introduced. For better isolation and low insertion loss between the up- and down-conversion mixer, a series-shunt single-pole double-throw (SPDT) structure and an equivalent lumped λ/4 transmission line are proposed for IF and RF T/R switches, respectively. To realize compact area and wide bandwidth, a transformer-based matching network is adopted in this design. Targeting multi-channel phased array applications, the measurement result shows that the up-conversion mixer achieves a 2.5-dB peak conversion gain with 6.5 GHz 3-dB bandwidth. Including the insertion loss of the switch and IF signal routing, at the maximum gain of 36.5 GHz, the up-conversion mixer achieves an output 1-dB gain compression point (OP1dB) of 2.5 dBm. Furthermore, the down-conversion mixer achieves a 5-dB peak conversion gain with a 9.7-GHz 3-dB bandwidth.
本文介绍了用于5G毫米波(mmWave)应用的完全集成的39 GHz双向上下转换混频器。在具有1.2V电源电压的65nm CMOS工艺中制造,上转换混频器和下转换混频器分别消耗39和43mW。对于5G时分双工(TDD)操作,引入了中频(IF)/本地振荡器(LO)/射频(RF)T/R开关。为了更好地隔离和降低上下变频混频器之间的插入损耗,分别为IF和RF T/R开关提出了串并联单刀双掷(SPDT)结构和等效集总λ/4传输线。为了实现紧凑的面积和宽的带宽,本设计采用了基于变压器的匹配网络。针对多通道相控阵应用,测量结果表明,上变频混频器在6.5GHz-3dB带宽下实现了2.5dB的峰值转换增益。包括开关的插入损耗和IF信号路由,在36.5GHz的最大增益下,上变频混频器实现了2.5dBm的输出1-dB增益压缩点(OP1dB)。此外,下变频混频器实现了具有9.7-GHz 3-dB带宽的5-dB峰值转换增益。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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