The neuronal circuitries of brain and the corresponding ion transporters contribute to the maintenance of ion homeostasis in fish brain. The sensitivity of these neuronal clusters in response to environmental clues brings neural plasticity and subsequent regulation of stress acclimation. Nitric oxide (NO), a gasotransmitter, is involved in ion transport in many peripheral tissues of fishes including air-breathing fish. However, the role of NO in mitochondrial ion transporter activity has not yet been investigated in fish brain. We, therefore, investigated the short-term in vivo action of a NO donor, Sodium Nitro-Prusside (SNP), on mitochondrial ion transporters such as H + - Ca 2+ - and Mg 2+ -dependent ATPases in brain segments such as Prosen-Cephalon (PC), Mesen-Cephalon (MC) and Meten-Cephalon (MeC) of immersion-stressed Anabas testudineus . Intraperitoneal injection of SNP for 30 min lowered the activities of bafilomycin-sensitive H + ATPase and vanadate sensitive Ca 2+ ATPase in PC, whereas in MeC, these transporters showed significant rise in activities after SNP treatment. The oligomycin-sensitive Mg 2+ ATPase activity showed a significant decrease in PC and MC of brain after SNP treatment in non-stressed fish. Induction of stress by water immersion altered the activities of these ion transporter activities. However, the treatment of SNP in immersed fish showed recovery of the immersion-induced modulation in the activities of these mitochondrial ion transporters. Our data, thus, provide evidence for a decisive role of NO in the recovery process of mitochondrial ion transporters function during immersion stress, confirming a direct differential role of NO in mitochondrial ion homeostasis in teleost brain.
{"title":"In Vivo Action of Nitric Oxide Donor Sodium Nitroprusside (SNP) on Mitochondrial Ion Transporter Function in Brain Segments of Immersion-Stressed Air-Breathing Fish ( Anabas testudineus Bloch)","authors":"R. Gayathry, V. S. Peter, M. Peter","doi":"10.18311/JER/2019/27185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/JER/2019/27185","url":null,"abstract":"The neuronal circuitries of brain and the corresponding ion transporters contribute to the maintenance of ion homeostasis in fish brain. The sensitivity of these neuronal clusters in response to environmental clues brings neural plasticity and subsequent regulation of stress acclimation. Nitric oxide (NO), a gasotransmitter, is involved in ion transport in many peripheral tissues of fishes including air-breathing fish. However, the role of NO in mitochondrial ion transporter activity has not yet been investigated in fish brain. We, therefore, investigated the short-term in vivo action of a NO donor, Sodium Nitro-Prusside (SNP), on mitochondrial ion transporters such as H + - Ca 2+ - and Mg 2+ -dependent ATPases in brain segments such as Prosen-Cephalon (PC), Mesen-Cephalon (MC) and Meten-Cephalon (MeC) of immersion-stressed Anabas testudineus . Intraperitoneal injection of SNP for 30 min lowered the activities of bafilomycin-sensitive H + ATPase and vanadate sensitive Ca 2+ ATPase in PC, whereas in MeC, these transporters showed significant rise in activities after SNP treatment. The oligomycin-sensitive Mg 2+ ATPase activity showed a significant decrease in PC and MC of brain after SNP treatment in non-stressed fish. Induction of stress by water immersion altered the activities of these ion transporter activities. However, the treatment of SNP in immersed fish showed recovery of the immersion-induced modulation in the activities of these mitochondrial ion transporters. Our data, thus, provide evidence for a decisive role of NO in the recovery process of mitochondrial ion transporters function during immersion stress, confirming a direct differential role of NO in mitochondrial ion homeostasis in teleost brain.","PeriodicalId":15664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinology and Reproduction","volume":"81 1","pages":"99-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84294705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Anjali, V. Remya, S. Reshmi, S. Mahim, C. A. Devi
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) have the potential to alter the hormonal pathways concerned with regulation of the normal homeostatic mechanisms. The adverse effects of EDCs can be observed in areas where pollution is high, particularly in aquatic ecosystems, where persistent environmental chemicals accumulate. In the present study, we investigated the endocrine disrupting effects of Bisphenol S (BPS), if any, in the levels of thyroxine, triiodothyronine, cortisol and sex steroidal [17βestradiol (E2) and testosterone(T)] hormones in juvenile as well as adult Oreochromis mossambicus . Drastic changes in serum thyroxine and triiodothyronine levels showed that BPS treatment resulted in disruption of thyroid gland function. Alteration to significant levels in serum cortisol indicated acute stress and impairment of hypothalamic-pituitaryinterrenal axis. Significant changes (p<0.05) occurred in the steroidal hormone levels which are biomarkers of endocrine disruption as they affect hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in fish. Bisphenol S also revealed estrogenic potency by inducing significant alteration in the E2/T ratio. DNA fragmentation, if any, induced by BPS was also analyzed in juvenile fish. There was no significant DNA fragmentation observed in gel electrophoresis, but a significant elevation was seen in percent fragmented DNA in the diphenylamine method. Therefore, it could be concluded that BPS at different sublethal concentrations have a profound impact on endocrine physiology of fish.
{"title":"Impact of Bisphenol S as an Endocrine Disruptor in a Freshwater Fish, Oreochromis mossambicus","authors":"V. Anjali, V. Remya, S. Reshmi, S. Mahim, C. A. Devi","doi":"10.18311/JER/2019/27184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/JER/2019/27184","url":null,"abstract":"Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) have the potential to alter the hormonal pathways concerned with regulation of the normal homeostatic mechanisms. The adverse effects of EDCs can be observed in areas where pollution is high, particularly in aquatic ecosystems, where persistent environmental chemicals accumulate. In the present study, we investigated the endocrine disrupting effects of Bisphenol S (BPS), if any, in the levels of thyroxine, triiodothyronine, cortisol and sex steroidal [17βestradiol (E2) and testosterone(T)] hormones in juvenile as well as adult Oreochromis mossambicus . Drastic changes in serum thyroxine and triiodothyronine levels showed that BPS treatment resulted in disruption of thyroid gland function. Alteration to significant levels in serum cortisol indicated acute stress and impairment of hypothalamic-pituitaryinterrenal axis. Significant changes (p<0.05) occurred in the steroidal hormone levels which are biomarkers of endocrine disruption as they affect hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in fish. Bisphenol S also revealed estrogenic potency by inducing significant alteration in the E2/T ratio. DNA fragmentation, if any, induced by BPS was also analyzed in juvenile fish. There was no significant DNA fragmentation observed in gel electrophoresis, but a significant elevation was seen in percent fragmented DNA in the diphenylamine method. Therefore, it could be concluded that BPS at different sublethal concentrations have a profound impact on endocrine physiology of fish.","PeriodicalId":15664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinology and Reproduction","volume":"12 2 1","pages":"49-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76240901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A population in the Western Coastal Region of Vasai-Virar City Municipal Corporation (VVCMC), Maharashtra, India, abounds with non- vegetarians. This study was conducted to analyze if non- vegetarian diet has the same effect on lipid profile and uric acid (UA) levels of T2DM patients of this locality as reported in internationally published data. Lipid profiles, blood sugar levels and UA in the normal controls were within the normal range. In the T2DM patients the values of cholesterol, HDL, LDL and UA were in normal range whereas the blood sugar and serum triglyceride levels were found to be elevated. The uric acid levels were lower in T2DM patients as compared to normal controls though it was in the normal range. The serum triglyceride levels were found to be on the higher side in T2DM as compared to normal controls.
{"title":"Study of Uric Acid and Lipid Profile in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Cases in Western Coastal Region of Vasai–Virar City Municipal Corporation, District - Palghar, Maharashtra, India","authors":"Rufina Menezes, R. Ingole, S. Sheikh, R. Jadhav","doi":"10.18311/JER/2019/26220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/JER/2019/26220","url":null,"abstract":"A population in the Western Coastal Region of Vasai-Virar City Municipal Corporation (VVCMC), Maharashtra, India, abounds with non- vegetarians. This study was conducted to analyze if non- vegetarian diet has the same effect on lipid profile and uric acid (UA) levels of T2DM patients of this locality as reported in internationally published data. Lipid profiles, blood sugar levels and UA in the normal controls were within the normal range. In the T2DM patients the values of cholesterol, HDL, LDL and UA were in normal range whereas the blood sugar and serum triglyceride levels were found to be elevated. The uric acid levels were lower in T2DM patients as compared to normal controls though it was in the normal range. The serum triglyceride levels were found to be on the higher side in T2DM as compared to normal controls.","PeriodicalId":15664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinology and Reproduction","volume":"60 1","pages":"36-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82785737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Reshmi, V. Remya, V. Anjali, S. Mahim, C. A. Devi
4-Nonylphenol (4-NP) is a well-known endocrine-disrupting chemical that could be present in the aquatic environment, but little is known about its oxidative stress effects. An emerging literature suggests that early life exposure to 4-NP may increase the risk of metabolic syndrome. Due to its hydrophobicity and long half-life, 4-NP can easily accumulate in living organisms, including humans, where it inflicts a series of toxic effects. In the present study, the oxidative stress and antioxidant parameters of Labeo rohita after exposure to various sub-lethal concentrations of 4-NP for 5, 10 and 15 days were examined. The level of glutathione content and the activity of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-stransferase were significantly inhibited, whereas the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione reductase and the lipid peroxidation products such as malondialdehyde and conjugated diene were significantly elevated, indicating the occurrence of oxidative stress. The results demonstrate that 4-NP in aquatic systems can affect antioxidant responses.
{"title":"Alterations in Hepatic Antioxidant Systems and Lipid Peroxidation Products in a Freshwater Fish, Labeo rohita , Exposed to 4-Nonylphenol, an Endocrine Disruptor","authors":"S. Reshmi, V. Remya, V. Anjali, S. Mahim, C. A. Devi","doi":"10.18311/JER/2019/26219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/JER/2019/26219","url":null,"abstract":"4-Nonylphenol (4-NP) is a well-known endocrine-disrupting chemical that could be present in the aquatic environment, but little is known about its oxidative stress effects. An emerging literature suggests that early life exposure to 4-NP may increase the risk of metabolic syndrome. Due to its hydrophobicity and long half-life, 4-NP can easily accumulate in living organisms, including humans, where it inflicts a series of toxic effects. In the present study, the oxidative stress and antioxidant parameters of Labeo rohita after exposure to various sub-lethal concentrations of 4-NP for 5, 10 and 15 days were examined. The level of glutathione content and the activity of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-stransferase were significantly inhibited, whereas the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione reductase and the lipid peroxidation products such as malondialdehyde and conjugated diene were significantly elevated, indicating the occurrence of oxidative stress. The results demonstrate that 4-NP in aquatic systems can affect antioxidant responses.","PeriodicalId":15664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinology and Reproduction","volume":"91 1","pages":"13-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79415633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ageing is believed to be a continuous process that begins at conception and proceeds until death. Little is known about the response of mice to ageing and restraint stress. Therefore, in this study, BALB/c mice of different age groups (1, 2, 4 and 6 months) were subjected to restraint stress of 30 min for two consecutive days. Ion transporters being the ion homeostasis regulators of the cell, we explored the response of Na + /K + -ATPase (NKA) and Plasma Membrane Calcium ATPase (PMCA) to restraint stress, an acute stressor. We examined the activity pattern of these ATPases in mice gut (fundus and pyloric regions of the stomach, the duodenum and the jejunum) and brain (cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum) in the stressed condition. The pattern of NKA and PMCA activities showed significant shift in stressed mice that corresponds with increasing age. This differential pattern of ion transporter response in the varied regions of the brain and gut present physiological evidence for a spatio-temporal modification of ion-transporter activity during ageing and restraint stress. Overall, the present data point to a vital role of brain-gut axis in the regulation of ion homeostasis in male mice.
{"title":"Regulation of Na + /K + -ATPase and Plasma Membrane Calcium ATPase in Brain-Gut Axis during Restraint Stress in Ageing Male Mice","authors":"A. Thomas, Lija L. Raju, K. Manish, M. Peter","doi":"10.18311/JER/2019/26218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/JER/2019/26218","url":null,"abstract":"Ageing is believed to be a continuous process that begins at conception and proceeds until death. Little is known about the response of mice to ageing and restraint stress. Therefore, in this study, BALB/c mice of different age groups (1, 2, 4 and 6 months) were subjected to restraint stress of 30 min for two consecutive days. Ion transporters being the ion homeostasis regulators of the cell, we explored the response of Na + /K + -ATPase (NKA) and Plasma Membrane Calcium ATPase (PMCA) to restraint stress, an acute stressor. We examined the activity pattern of these ATPases in mice gut (fundus and pyloric regions of the stomach, the duodenum and the jejunum) and brain (cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum) in the stressed condition. The pattern of NKA and PMCA activities showed significant shift in stressed mice that corresponds with increasing age. This differential pattern of ion transporter response in the varied regions of the brain and gut present physiological evidence for a spatio-temporal modification of ion-transporter activity during ageing and restraint stress. Overall, the present data point to a vital role of brain-gut axis in the regulation of ion homeostasis in male mice.","PeriodicalId":15664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinology and Reproduction","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80964100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thyroid hormones (TH) have a multitude of actions, mainly on development and differentiation during early life and play many vital roles in almost all tissues including neuronal tissues. TH rapidly alters the mitochondrial functions both by its genomic and direct actions on mitochondrial binding sites. The functional relationship between TH and mitochondrial ion transport during stress response has not yet been elucidated in mammals so far. Here, we report a rapid in vivo action of triiodothyronine (T 3 ) on mitochondrial ion transporter functions in the neuronal clusters of cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum of Swiss Albino mouse ( Mus musculus ) treated short-term with triiodothyronine (T 3 ; 200ng g-1) for 30 min either in non-stressed or in restraint-stressed (30 min each day for 7 days). The mH + -ATPase activity in the cortex decreased to significant levels after T 3 treatment in both non-stressed and restraint-stressed mice. On the contrary, the mH + -ATPase activity in the hippocampus and cerebellum increased to significant levels after T 3 treatment in both non-stressed and restraint-stressed mice. The mCa 2+ -ATPase activity in the cortex and cerebellum decreased to significant levels after T 3 treatment in both non-stressed and restraint-stressed mice. The mCa 2+ -ATPase activity in the hippocampus that increased to significant levels after T 3 treatment, showed a reversal after restraint-stress in T 3 -treated mice. The mitochondrial Mg 2+ -ATPase activity in the cortex decreased to significant levels after T 3 treatment in restraint-stressed mice. On the contrary, T 3 treatment in restraint stressed mice increased to significant levels the mitochondrial Mg 2+ -ATPase activity in the cerebellum. The mitochondrial Mg 2+ -ATPase activity in the hippocampus, which increased to significant levels after T 3 treatment in non-stressed mice, reversed its activity in T 3 -treated restraint-stressed mice. Spatial and differential action of T 3 on the mitochondrial ion transporters has been found in the present study that corroborates with a rapid modulatory action of T 3 on the transport of H + , Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ in the brain mitochondria of mice which appears to be sensitive to restraint stress.
{"title":"Rapid action of Triiodothyronine on Mitochondrial H + , Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ -Dependent ion Transporters in Cortex, Hippocampus and Cerebellum of Restraint Mice","authors":"S. Simi, K. Manish, M. Peter","doi":"10.18311/JER/2019/26221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/JER/2019/26221","url":null,"abstract":"Thyroid hormones (TH) have a multitude of actions, mainly on development and differentiation during early life and play many vital roles in almost all tissues including neuronal tissues. TH rapidly alters the mitochondrial functions both by its genomic and direct actions on mitochondrial binding sites. The functional relationship between TH and mitochondrial ion transport during stress response has not yet been elucidated in mammals so far. Here, we report a rapid in vivo action of triiodothyronine (T 3 ) on mitochondrial ion transporter functions in the neuronal clusters of cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum of Swiss Albino mouse ( Mus musculus ) treated short-term with triiodothyronine (T 3 ; 200ng g-1) for 30 min either in non-stressed or in restraint-stressed (30 min each day for 7 days). The mH + -ATPase activity in the cortex decreased to significant levels after T 3 treatment in both non-stressed and restraint-stressed mice. On the contrary, the mH + -ATPase activity in the hippocampus and cerebellum increased to significant levels after T 3 treatment in both non-stressed and restraint-stressed mice. The mCa 2+ -ATPase activity in the cortex and cerebellum decreased to significant levels after T 3 treatment in both non-stressed and restraint-stressed mice. The mCa 2+ -ATPase activity in the hippocampus that increased to significant levels after T 3 treatment, showed a reversal after restraint-stress in T 3 -treated mice. The mitochondrial Mg 2+ -ATPase activity in the cortex decreased to significant levels after T 3 treatment in restraint-stressed mice. On the contrary, T 3 treatment in restraint stressed mice increased to significant levels the mitochondrial Mg 2+ -ATPase activity in the cerebellum. The mitochondrial Mg 2+ -ATPase activity in the hippocampus, which increased to significant levels after T 3 treatment in non-stressed mice, reversed its activity in T 3 -treated restraint-stressed mice. Spatial and differential action of T 3 on the mitochondrial ion transporters has been found in the present study that corroborates with a rapid modulatory action of T 3 on the transport of H + , Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ in the brain mitochondria of mice which appears to be sensitive to restraint stress.","PeriodicalId":15664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinology and Reproduction","volume":"37 3 1","pages":"24-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78202796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Migration is a unique phenomenon that millions of birds perform annually. It includes various aspects such as preparation for the long journey, migratory patterns, problems faced during migration, figuring out routes, etc. Some more interesting things are genetics behind migration and urge for migration. Zugunruhe , a period for migratory restlessness, has been observed well in caged birds or those restricted to Zoos. The analysis of population studies in European blackcaps evidences that ADCYAP1 gene is one of the major genes which regulate the expression of migratory behavior. It is instinctively known to young birds which way to go and how to adapt complex migratory patterns of movement as this knowledge is genetically imprinted some way or the other. Astronomical cues such as solar and stellar compasses in conjunction with the earth’s magnetic compass provide aid of senses in migration and this is very well received by the eyes of migrant birds to overcome the long routes of journey. Ecological implications of migration include adequate exploitation of food resources in some regions, which won’t be possible otherwise. Also, migrant birds favour regions having productivity that varies with seasons as in these regions there may be food surpluses. Anthropogenic actions pose serious threats to migratory birds and also the diverse developments (mostly commercial and deforestation) of the human habitats are the worst threats the birds face during migration.
{"title":"Stunning Facts of Bird Migration: Mini-Review","authors":"Arora Sweta, D. Pratap, C. Haldar","doi":"10.18311/JER/2019/26216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/JER/2019/26216","url":null,"abstract":"Migration is a unique phenomenon that millions of birds perform annually. It includes various aspects such as preparation for the long journey, migratory patterns, problems faced during migration, figuring out routes, etc. Some more interesting things are genetics behind migration and urge for migration. Zugunruhe , a period for migratory restlessness, has been observed well in caged birds or those restricted to Zoos. The analysis of population studies in European blackcaps evidences that ADCYAP1 gene is one of the major genes which regulate the expression of migratory behavior. It is instinctively known to young birds which way to go and how to adapt complex migratory patterns of movement as this knowledge is genetically imprinted some way or the other. Astronomical cues such as solar and stellar compasses in conjunction with the earth’s magnetic compass provide aid of senses in migration and this is very well received by the eyes of migrant birds to overcome the long routes of journey. Ecological implications of migration include adequate exploitation of food resources in some regions, which won’t be possible otherwise. Also, migrant birds favour regions having productivity that varies with seasons as in these regions there may be food surpluses. Anthropogenic actions pose serious threats to migratory birds and also the diverse developments (mostly commercial and deforestation) of the human habitats are the worst threats the birds face during migration.","PeriodicalId":15664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinology and Reproduction","volume":"54 1","pages":"44-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77616893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. S. Khodnapur, R. S. Nindi, Rahul M. Handi, Jyoti F. Hiremath, S. Dasari, P. Seshagiri, L. S. Inamdar
Steroidal sex hormones play critical rolest during gonadal sex differentiation and development. Among the sex steroids, estradiol acts at the central level in the sexual differentiation of many reptilian species exhibiting temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD). In recent years, the growing amount of information has highlighted the importance of aromatase (CYP19) in irreversibly catalyzing conversion of androgens into estrogens by aromatization during ovarian morphogenesis. To elucidate the involvement of aromatase in this process we investigated the ontogenic and cellular expression of aromatase in the embryos of the lizard Calotes versicolor that exhibits a unique pattern of TSD. The eggs of this lizard were incubated at 31.5±0.5°C which is 100% Female-Producing Temperature (FPT). The torso of embryos containing Adrenal- Kidney-Gonadal (AKG) complex was collected during different stages of development and subjected to Western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis. Western blot analysis revealed a single immunoreactive protein at 58 kDa for aromatase in the total protein extracts of AKG complex during early Thermo-Sensitive Period (TSP) suggesting early action of aromatase. A very weak but specific immunoexpression of aromatase noticed in the cytoplasm of adrenocortical cells, mesonephric kidney tubules (stage 28) and medullary region of the gonad (stage 30) during early TSP suggests early onset of aromatase activity which in turn indicates that these are the sites of estrogen biosynthesis. Further, a remarkable increase in the intensity of immunoreaction for aromatase during late TSP and gonadal differentiation stage shows it’s up-regulation and estrogen biosynthesis resulting in ovary differentiation. It is inferred that high expression level of aromatase at FPT is associated with proliferation of cortex facilitating differentiation of ovary in C. versicolor .
{"title":"Spatiotemporal Expression of Aromatase (CYP19) During Gonadal Sex Differentiation in the Oviparous Lizard Calotes versicolor","authors":"B. S. Khodnapur, R. S. Nindi, Rahul M. Handi, Jyoti F. Hiremath, S. Dasari, P. Seshagiri, L. S. Inamdar","doi":"10.18311/JER/2020/27853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/JER/2020/27853","url":null,"abstract":"Steroidal sex hormones play critical rolest during gonadal sex differentiation and development. Among the sex steroids, estradiol acts at the central level in the sexual differentiation of many reptilian species exhibiting temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD). In recent years, the growing amount of information has highlighted the importance of aromatase (CYP19) in irreversibly catalyzing conversion of androgens into estrogens by aromatization during ovarian morphogenesis. To elucidate the involvement of aromatase in this process we investigated the ontogenic and cellular expression of aromatase in the embryos of the lizard Calotes versicolor that exhibits a unique pattern of TSD. The eggs of this lizard were incubated at 31.5±0.5°C which is 100% Female-Producing Temperature (FPT). The torso of embryos containing Adrenal- Kidney-Gonadal (AKG) complex was collected during different stages of development and subjected to Western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis. Western blot analysis revealed a single immunoreactive protein at 58 kDa for aromatase in the total protein extracts of AKG complex during early Thermo-Sensitive Period (TSP) suggesting early action of aromatase. A very weak but specific immunoexpression of aromatase noticed in the cytoplasm of adrenocortical cells, mesonephric kidney tubules (stage 28) and medullary region of the gonad (stage 30) during early TSP suggests early onset of aromatase activity which in turn indicates that these are the sites of estrogen biosynthesis. Further, a remarkable increase in the intensity of immunoreaction for aromatase during late TSP and gonadal differentiation stage shows it’s up-regulation and estrogen biosynthesis resulting in ovary differentiation. It is inferred that high expression level of aromatase at FPT is associated with proliferation of cortex facilitating differentiation of ovary in C. versicolor .","PeriodicalId":15664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinology and Reproduction","volume":"14 1","pages":"97-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82507663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Surya Suresh, Nikhila Leemon, S. Najeeb, S. Panicker
Primary Cicatricial Alopecias (PCA) are a group of autoimmune inflammatory disorder which cause permanent destruction of hair follicles, mainly affected by the inflammatory cells such as lymphocytes, neutrophils, or combination of these. The management of PCA has become one of the most challenging clinical issues among dermatologists. The specific treatment of any form of the PCAs is currently unknown. We aim to identify the cytokine biomarkers in each type of PCA and study cytokine signatures’ (role) in alopecia’s pathogenesis and therapeutic aspects. Total protein from affected individuals scalp biopsy was extracted using the total protein extraction kit. For the cytokine detection, we used RayBio ® C- Series Human Cytokine Antibody Array C5 with the help of a chemiluminescence detector. A total of 42 cytokines were analyzed and found significant differences in the diseased states’ ratio compared to normal and unaffected samples. The inflammatory cells and associated cytokines are essential to develop a thorough understanding of alopecia’s autoimmune nature. The cytokines can be incorporated with current therapeutics for the better management of alopecia.
{"title":"Cytokine Profiling in Primary Cicatricial Alopecia: Androgenic Alopecia and Leptin Connections","authors":"Surya Suresh, Nikhila Leemon, S. Najeeb, S. Panicker","doi":"10.18311/JER/2020/26475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/JER/2020/26475","url":null,"abstract":"Primary Cicatricial Alopecias (PCA) are a group of autoimmune inflammatory disorder which cause permanent destruction of hair follicles, mainly affected by the inflammatory cells such as lymphocytes, neutrophils, or combination of these. The management of PCA has become one of the most challenging clinical issues among dermatologists. The specific treatment of any form of the PCAs is currently unknown. We aim to identify the cytokine biomarkers in each type of PCA and study cytokine signatures’ (role) in alopecia’s pathogenesis and therapeutic aspects. Total protein from affected individuals scalp biopsy was extracted using the total protein extraction kit. For the cytokine detection, we used RayBio ® C- Series Human Cytokine Antibody Array C5 with the help of a chemiluminescence detector. A total of 42 cytokines were analyzed and found significant differences in the diseased states’ ratio compared to normal and unaffected samples. The inflammatory cells and associated cytokines are essential to develop a thorough understanding of alopecia’s autoimmune nature. The cytokines can be incorporated with current therapeutics for the better management of alopecia.","PeriodicalId":15664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinology and Reproduction","volume":"30 1","pages":"87-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80301842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. H. J. Al-Bdeery, B. H. Ali, A. Abdulla, H. Al-karagoly
Background and Aims: The present study was conducted to assess the effect of ovarian function on the parathyroid gland in local breed bitches in the center of Al-Diwaniyah city, Iran. Materials and Methods: The experiment was carried out on 21 local breed female bitches aged 18 to 30 months housed in the small animal housing of the College of Veterinary Medicine. The animals were divided into three groups of seven each: G1, animals in estrus phase, G2, animals in anestrus phase, and G3, the ovariectomized group. After expressed consent of the owners, ovariectomy was performed immediately after anesthetization. Blood samples were collected to analyze the levels of estrogen, PTH, calcitonin, serum calcium, ionized calcium and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Results: Our results in respect of estrogen and PTH revealed a significant effect in G3 and G2 groups as compared with G1 group at p<0.01. The concentration of calcitonin recorded insignificant decrease in G3, 5.35 pg/mL, when compared with G1 which was 6.98 pg/mL. The lowest serum calcium level was recorded in group G3, 8.29 mg/dL, and highest in the group G1, 11.21 mg/dL. The lowest concentration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 was found in G3, 18.24 mg/dL, while the highest concentration was 39.56 mg/dL found in group G1. Conclusion: We conclude that decrease of estrogen levels leads to low calcium level, and then increase in the level of PTH in the blood. High level of calcium in the blood leads to increased secretion of calcitonin hormone from the thyroid gland, and calcitonin has no significant effect on the calcium regulation under normal conditions. A decrease in estrogen level leads to a low concentration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 followed by decrease of the concentration of ionized calcium.
{"title":"Influence Ovariectomy on Parathyroid Gland Function in Local Bitches","authors":"A. H. J. Al-Bdeery, B. H. Ali, A. Abdulla, H. Al-karagoly","doi":"10.18311/JER/2018/23613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/JER/2018/23613","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aims: The present study was conducted to assess the effect of ovarian function on the parathyroid gland in local breed bitches in the center of Al-Diwaniyah city, Iran. Materials and Methods: The experiment was carried out on 21 local breed female bitches aged 18 to 30 months housed in the small animal housing of the College of Veterinary Medicine. The animals were divided into three groups of seven each: G1, animals in estrus phase, G2, animals in anestrus phase, and G3, the ovariectomized group. After expressed consent of the owners, ovariectomy was performed immediately after anesthetization. Blood samples were collected to analyze the levels of estrogen, PTH, calcitonin, serum calcium, ionized calcium and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Results: Our results in respect of estrogen and PTH revealed a significant effect in G3 and G2 groups as compared with G1 group at p<0.01. The concentration of calcitonin recorded insignificant decrease in G3, 5.35 pg/mL, when compared with G1 which was 6.98 pg/mL. The lowest serum calcium level was recorded in group G3, 8.29 mg/dL, and highest in the group G1, 11.21 mg/dL. The lowest concentration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 was found in G3, 18.24 mg/dL, while the highest concentration was 39.56 mg/dL found in group G1. Conclusion: We conclude that decrease of estrogen levels leads to low calcium level, and then increase in the level of PTH in the blood. High level of calcium in the blood leads to increased secretion of calcitonin hormone from the thyroid gland, and calcitonin has no significant effect on the calcium regulation under normal conditions. A decrease in estrogen level leads to a low concentration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 followed by decrease of the concentration of ionized calcium.","PeriodicalId":15664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinology and Reproduction","volume":"68 1","pages":"13-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79591980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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