Pub Date : 2012-12-01DOI: 10.18519/JER/2012/V16/75930
S. S. Swain, S. Mohanty, D. Panda, S. Rout, P. Padhi
Metastasis, a major cause of death in cancer patients, involves the spread of a tumor or cancer to distant parts of the body as primary cancer, invasion of surrounding tissue, spread through circulation, re-invasion and proliferation in distant organs. KiSS1 is a metastasis-suppressor protein that suppresses metastases in malignant melanomas and in some breast carcinomas, without affecting tumorigenicity and also may be mediated in part by cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis in malignant cells. To understand the operational mechanism, structural model is always important. Therefore, in present study a complete structural analysis and three- dimensional (3D) modeling of KiSS-1 receptor, with a molecular weight of 42,586 kDa, of Homo sapiens was carried out. The 398 amino acid sequence of the KiSS-1 receptor protein was retrieved from Uniprot KB database (Acc. no: Q969F8). Based on the PDB Blast result and analysis the three-dimensional structure of KiSS-1R was predicted by using the SWISS MODEL, ESyPred 3D protein comparative modeling server. The predicted model was further assessed by Rampage, VERIFY-3D and PROCHECK graph with acceptable scores. The overall result provides evidence of good quality of model and furnishes an adequate foundation for functional analysis of experimentally derived crystal structures and also helps in understanding metastasis.
{"title":"In Silico Structural Analysis and Characterization of Human Kiss-1 Receptor: A Metastasis Suppressor Protein in Melanomas and Breast Cancer","authors":"S. S. Swain, S. Mohanty, D. Panda, S. Rout, P. Padhi","doi":"10.18519/JER/2012/V16/75930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18519/JER/2012/V16/75930","url":null,"abstract":"Metastasis, a major cause of death in cancer patients, involves the spread of a tumor or cancer to distant parts of the body as primary cancer, invasion of surrounding tissue, spread through circulation, re-invasion and proliferation in distant organs. KiSS1 is a metastasis-suppressor protein that suppresses metastases in malignant melanomas and in some breast carcinomas, without affecting tumorigenicity and also may be mediated in part by cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis in malignant cells. To understand the operational mechanism, structural model is always important. Therefore, in present study a complete structural analysis and three- dimensional (3D) modeling of KiSS-1 receptor, with a molecular weight of 42,586 kDa, of Homo sapiens was carried out. The 398 amino acid sequence of the KiSS-1 receptor protein was retrieved from Uniprot KB database (Acc. no: Q969F8). Based on the PDB Blast result and analysis the three-dimensional structure of KiSS-1R was predicted by using the SWISS MODEL, ESyPred 3D protein comparative modeling server. The predicted model was further assessed by Rampage, VERIFY-3D and PROCHECK graph with acceptable scores. The overall result provides evidence of good quality of model and furnishes an adequate foundation for functional analysis of experimentally derived crystal structures and also helps in understanding metastasis.","PeriodicalId":15664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinology and Reproduction","volume":"2 1","pages":"57-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88861159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-06-01DOI: 10.18519/JER/2012/V16/76136
P. Pal, Kazi Nurul Hasan, S. K. Maitra
This brief review covers recent important findings to form an informative pool depicting unique role of the pineal hormone melatonin in the regulation of reproductive axis in vertebrates. Since last decades, melatonin research witnessed an enormous progress in understanding the nature and mechanism of actions of this tiny, but versatile, product of tryptophan in the regulation of diverse body functions, especially reproduction in different groups of vertebrates. Demonstration of melatonin receptors on different peripheral organs and parts of brain essentially supported the contention of a hormonal effect of melatonin. Several lines of evidence suggest that melatonin regulates, rather modulates, vertebrate reproduction by two pathways- one through controlling the hypothalamo-hypophyseal- gonadal axis and another by inducing direct effect on the gonads through G-protein coupled MT1 and MT2 receptors. The conventional idea of the regulatory actions of melatonin on gonads via the hypothalamo-hypophyseal- gonadal axis involving gonadotrophic releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins, has been greatly enriched by the discovery of other hypothalamic peptides like, gonadotrophic inhibitory hormone (GnIH) and kisspeptin. Additional findings that melatonin, due to its lipophilicity and potential antioxidant property, scavenges and detoxifies various free radicals, opened up a possibility of its significant contribution to the physiology of oocytes during growth and maturation. As an obvious outcome of unequivocal evidence suggesting pleiotropic functions of melatonin in the regulation of vertebrate reproduction, studies on the array of molecular events occurring at different sites of melatonin actions have emerged as a new exciting area of investigation.
{"title":"Functional Pleiotropy of Melatonin in the Regulation of Reproduction: An Overview","authors":"P. Pal, Kazi Nurul Hasan, S. K. Maitra","doi":"10.18519/JER/2012/V16/76136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18519/JER/2012/V16/76136","url":null,"abstract":"This brief review covers recent important findings to form an informative pool depicting unique role of the pineal hormone melatonin in the regulation of reproductive axis in vertebrates. Since last decades, melatonin research witnessed an enormous progress in understanding the nature and mechanism of actions of this tiny, but versatile, product of tryptophan in the regulation of diverse body functions, especially reproduction in different groups of vertebrates. Demonstration of melatonin receptors on different peripheral organs and parts of brain essentially supported the contention of a hormonal effect of melatonin. Several lines of evidence suggest that melatonin regulates, rather modulates, vertebrate reproduction by two pathways- one through controlling the hypothalamo-hypophyseal- gonadal axis and another by inducing direct effect on the gonads through G-protein coupled MT1 and MT2 receptors. The conventional idea of the regulatory actions of melatonin on gonads via the hypothalamo-hypophyseal- gonadal axis involving gonadotrophic releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins, has been greatly enriched by the discovery of other hypothalamic peptides like, gonadotrophic inhibitory hormone (GnIH) and kisspeptin. Additional findings that melatonin, due to its lipophilicity and potential antioxidant property, scavenges and detoxifies various free radicals, opened up a possibility of its significant contribution to the physiology of oocytes during growth and maturation. As an obvious outcome of unequivocal evidence suggesting pleiotropic functions of melatonin in the regulation of vertebrate reproduction, studies on the array of molecular events occurring at different sites of melatonin actions have emerged as a new exciting area of investigation.","PeriodicalId":15664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinology and Reproduction","volume":"14 1","pages":"33-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82505168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-06-01DOI: 10.18519/JER/2012/V16/76361
V. Srinivasan, R. Zakaria, Zahiruddin Othman, A. Brzezinski
Due to inconsistency among reports on the therapeutic efficacy of melatonin, attention has been focused on the development of more potent melatonin analogues with prolonged effects. Melatonergic drugs, ramelteon and agomelatine have been effective in treating either sleep disorders or sleep disturbances associated with depressive disorders. MT 1 and MT 2 melatonergic receptor agonist, ramelteon, was found effective in increasing total sleep time and sleep efficiency, and in reducing sleep latency in patients with insomnia. No reduction in its efficacy was found even after 6-12 months of continuous use. The mechanism of sleep promoting action of ramelteon is entirely different from that of conventional hypnotics that are in use today. Ramelteon's use is not associated with any adverse effects even after six months to one year after its continuous usage. Another melatonergic drug, agomelatine, has also been found effective in improving sleep efficiency and quality, and this action of agomelatine is suggested to be one of the major mechanism by which agomelatine ameliorates depressive symptoms in patients with major depressive disorders and bipolar disorders.
{"title":"Melatonin, Insomnia and the Use of Melatonergic Drugs","authors":"V. Srinivasan, R. Zakaria, Zahiruddin Othman, A. Brzezinski","doi":"10.18519/JER/2012/V16/76361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18519/JER/2012/V16/76361","url":null,"abstract":"Due to inconsistency among reports on the therapeutic efficacy of melatonin, attention has been focused on the development of more potent melatonin analogues with prolonged effects. Melatonergic drugs, ramelteon and agomelatine have been effective in treating either sleep disorders or sleep disturbances associated with depressive disorders. MT 1 and MT 2 melatonergic receptor agonist, ramelteon, was found effective in increasing total sleep time and sleep efficiency, and in reducing sleep latency in patients with insomnia. No reduction in its efficacy was found even after 6-12 months of continuous use. The mechanism of sleep promoting action of ramelteon is entirely different from that of conventional hypnotics that are in use today. Ramelteon's use is not associated with any adverse effects even after six months to one year after its continuous usage. Another melatonergic drug, agomelatine, has also been found effective in improving sleep efficiency and quality, and this action of agomelatine is suggested to be one of the major mechanism by which agomelatine ameliorates depressive symptoms in patients with major depressive disorders and bipolar disorders.","PeriodicalId":15664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinology and Reproduction","volume":"6 1","pages":"15-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83189826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-06-01DOI: 10.18519/JER/2012/V16/76077
S. Yadav, C. Haldar
Avian immunology is a fascinating and growing field. Ecologists are now taking an interest in measuring immune-competence and determining its importance as a heritable trait for the survival of the wild species. Seasonally breeding animals encounter different environmental challenges throughout the year. In order to survive in specific environments these animals have developed various strategies that help them to find food, protect themselves from the tough environments, and also reproduce accordingly. Indeed, wild birds are continually challenged with different natural stressors such as shortage of food (during winter and rainy season), lack of water during summer, predator pressure in social system, sudden change in weather, season-bound diseases, infection (like avian influenza), etc. Only a few ecological studies have analyzed the stress and general immunity in wild birds that might have a link with the anti-stress hormone melatonin. Therefore, approaches improving our understanding of the stress-induced immune depression and their interrelationship in birds are most desirable. Unfortunately, our knowledge of the immune system has advanced at a much faster pace for mammals while immunology of wild birds received less attention. The purpose of this review is to bring together the current knowledge on the biological effects of melatonin on avian immune defense with special emphasis on new immerging area of neuro-immuno-endocrinology i.e., eco-immunology.
{"title":"Eco-Immunology: Role of Melatonin in Avian Immune Defense","authors":"S. Yadav, C. Haldar","doi":"10.18519/JER/2012/V16/76077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18519/JER/2012/V16/76077","url":null,"abstract":"Avian immunology is a fascinating and growing field. Ecologists are now taking an interest in measuring immune-competence and determining its importance as a heritable trait for the survival of the wild species. Seasonally breeding animals encounter different environmental challenges throughout the year. In order to survive in specific environments these animals have developed various strategies that help them to find food, protect themselves from the tough environments, and also reproduce accordingly. Indeed, wild birds are continually challenged with different natural stressors such as shortage of food (during winter and rainy season), lack of water during summer, predator pressure in social system, sudden change in weather, season-bound diseases, infection (like avian influenza), etc. Only a few ecological studies have analyzed the stress and general immunity in wild birds that might have a link with the anti-stress hormone melatonin. Therefore, approaches improving our understanding of the stress-induced immune depression and their interrelationship in birds are most desirable. Unfortunately, our knowledge of the immune system has advanced at a much faster pace for mammals while immunology of wild birds received less attention. The purpose of this review is to bring together the current knowledge on the biological effects of melatonin on avian immune defense with special emphasis on new immerging area of neuro-immuno-endocrinology i.e., eco-immunology.","PeriodicalId":15664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinology and Reproduction","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76017583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-06-01DOI: 10.18519/JER/2012/V16/76307
S. Chakravarty, S. Rizvi
Melatonin, released primarily from the pineal gland, controls the 24 hour biological clock. It is now known that melatonin also controls circannual reproductive cycles in animals and plays a role in neuroprotection, tumor-suppression, and immunomodulation. The hormone is also a potent antioxidant. This review is an attempt to document the pleiotropic biological effects of melatonin.
{"title":"Melatonin: Circadian Regulation of Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress","authors":"S. Chakravarty, S. Rizvi","doi":"10.18519/JER/2012/V16/76307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18519/JER/2012/V16/76307","url":null,"abstract":"Melatonin, released primarily from the pineal gland, controls the 24 hour biological clock. It is now known that melatonin also controls circannual reproductive cycles in animals and plays a role in neuroprotection, tumor-suppression, and immunomodulation. The hormone is also a potent antioxidant. This review is an attempt to document the pleiotropic biological effects of melatonin.","PeriodicalId":15664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinology and Reproduction","volume":"58 1","pages":"25-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72699644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-06-01DOI: 10.18519/JER/2011/V15/76850
R. Binitha, S. Soorya, C. A. Devi, F. Sunny
This study investigated the impact of sewage effluents of the polluted river, Parvathyputhenar in Trivandrum city, Kerala, India, on the activities of osmoregulatory enzymes such as Na + /K + and Ca 2+ ATPases, the concentration of sodium and potassium ion content in the gill and on the chloride cells (CCs) and pavement cells (PCs) that regulate ions transport in the gill epithelium of a freshwater fish. The results indicate a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the activity of branchial Na + /K + ATPase and Ca 2+ ATPase in the fish exposed to sewage effluents for 7, 14 and 28 days and the fish caught from the polluted river. When the fish caught from the polluted river were kept in normal pond water in the laboratory for 30, 60 and 90 days, the enzyme's activities were gradually increased and almost restored to the control level. Scanning electron microscopic analysis of gill epithelium showed noticeable changes in the surface area morphology of CCs and PCs in the fish exposed to sewage effluents. Exposure to the sewage effluents drastically altered the size and characteristic "finger print" pattern of PCs and also reduced number of CCs in the gill epithelium. As the ATPases play an important role in maintenance of functional integrity of gill epithelium it is suggested that measurement of the activities of ATPases may be used as a biomarker of exposure to sewage effluents. This work is highly pertinent in the context of increased level and effect of endocrine disrupting chemicals present in the aquatic systems, which are increasing day by day.
{"title":"Impact of Sewage Effluents on Osmoregulation in a Freshwater Teleost, Anabas testudineus","authors":"R. Binitha, S. Soorya, C. A. Devi, F. Sunny","doi":"10.18519/JER/2011/V15/76850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18519/JER/2011/V15/76850","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the impact of sewage effluents of the polluted river, Parvathyputhenar in Trivandrum city, Kerala, India, on the activities of osmoregulatory enzymes such as Na + /K + and Ca 2+ ATPases, the concentration of sodium and potassium ion content in the gill and on the chloride cells (CCs) and pavement cells (PCs) that regulate ions transport in the gill epithelium of a freshwater fish. The results indicate a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the activity of branchial Na + /K + ATPase and Ca 2+ ATPase in the fish exposed to sewage effluents for 7, 14 and 28 days and the fish caught from the polluted river. When the fish caught from the polluted river were kept in normal pond water in the laboratory for 30, 60 and 90 days, the enzyme's activities were gradually increased and almost restored to the control level. Scanning electron microscopic analysis of gill epithelium showed noticeable changes in the surface area morphology of CCs and PCs in the fish exposed to sewage effluents. Exposure to the sewage effluents drastically altered the size and characteristic \"finger print\" pattern of PCs and also reduced number of CCs in the gill epithelium. As the ATPases play an important role in maintenance of functional integrity of gill epithelium it is suggested that measurement of the activities of ATPases may be used as a biomarker of exposure to sewage effluents. This work is highly pertinent in the context of increased level and effect of endocrine disrupting chemicals present in the aquatic systems, which are increasing day by day.","PeriodicalId":15664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinology and Reproduction","volume":"19 1","pages":"27-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80991701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-06-01DOI: 10.18519/JER/2011/V15/76951
R. Jadhav, A. S. Padgaonkar
Aadministration of mammalian gonadotropins (FSH & LH during the regressed phase of testes of the snake Enhydris enhydris induced spermatogenesis, and caused hypertrophy of Leydig cells. The results indicate that the testis of Enhydris enhydris is not refractory to gonadotropin stimulation during regressed phase of the reproductive cycle. It is further suggested that all aspects of testicular function in snakes may be accounted for by a single FSH-like gonadotropin.
{"title":"Effect of Mammalian Gonadotropins (FSH & LH) on Regressed Testis of the Snake Enhydris enhydris Schneider","authors":"R. Jadhav, A. S. Padgaonkar","doi":"10.18519/JER/2011/V15/76951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18519/JER/2011/V15/76951","url":null,"abstract":"Aadministration of mammalian gonadotropins (FSH & LH during the regressed phase of testes of the snake Enhydris enhydris induced spermatogenesis, and caused hypertrophy of Leydig cells. The results indicate that the testis of Enhydris enhydris is not refractory to gonadotropin stimulation during regressed phase of the reproductive cycle. It is further suggested that all aspects of testicular function in snakes may be accounted for by a single FSH-like gonadotropin.","PeriodicalId":15664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinology and Reproduction","volume":"717 1","pages":"43-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78732211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-06-01DOI: 10.18519/JER/2011/V15/76867
R. Jadhav, A. S. Padgaonkar
The testis of Enhydris enhydris undergoes a definite seasonal reproductive cycle. Breeding takes place during the month of October, following which the testes regress. There is definite arrest of spermatogenesis till the next breeding season. Based on the histological examination of the seminiferous epithelium, the testicular activity is divided into four phases, recrudescent, breeding, degenerate and regressed. Recrudescence begins in the month of June. The testis becomes spermatogenically functional at the beginning of October. The testicular weight and gonado-somatic index show a gradual increase during the recrudescent phase (June -Sep) reaching the peak in the month of October. At the onset of degenerative phase the testicular weight and gonado-somatic index start decreasing. A corresponding seasonal variation is reflected in the ductus epididymidis and ductus deferens as observed from the epithelial cell height and the diameter of the respective ducts. On the other hand the sexual segment of kidney never reaches peak and does not indicate any seasonal cycle.
{"title":"Seasonal Male Reproductive Cycle of the Estuarine Snake Enhydris enhydris Schneider","authors":"R. Jadhav, A. S. Padgaonkar","doi":"10.18519/JER/2011/V15/76867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18519/JER/2011/V15/76867","url":null,"abstract":"The testis of Enhydris enhydris undergoes a definite seasonal reproductive cycle. Breeding takes place during the month of October, following which the testes regress. There is definite arrest of spermatogenesis till the next breeding season. Based on the histological examination of the seminiferous epithelium, the testicular activity is divided into four phases, recrudescent, breeding, degenerate and regressed. Recrudescence begins in the month of June. The testis becomes spermatogenically functional at the beginning of October. The testicular weight and gonado-somatic index show a gradual increase during the recrudescent phase (June -Sep) reaching the peak in the month of October. At the onset of degenerative phase the testicular weight and gonado-somatic index start decreasing. A corresponding seasonal variation is reflected in the ductus epididymidis and ductus deferens as observed from the epithelial cell height and the diameter of the respective ducts. On the other hand the sexual segment of kidney never reaches peak and does not indicate any seasonal cycle.","PeriodicalId":15664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinology and Reproduction","volume":"17 1","pages":"37-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81982965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-01DOI: 10.18519/JER/2010/V14/77698
R. Jadhav, A. S. Padgaonkar
Administration of FSH (1IU/day) to the snake Enhydris enhydris for 14, 28 and 42 days resulted in increase in diameter of the seminiferous tubules of the regressed testes. Proliferation of spermatogonia and increase in abundance of primary spermatocytes were also observed. But the treatment failed to induce the spermatogenic cells to meiotic division. The interstitial cells in the testes between control and FSH-treated snakes did not show any difference. The failure to complete the process of spermatogenesis after FSH treatment indicates that role by a second hormone is necessary for the completion of spermatogenic process. The second hormone may be either LH or androgen.
{"title":"Effects of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) on the regressed testes of the snake Enhydris enhydris (Schneider)","authors":"R. Jadhav, A. S. Padgaonkar","doi":"10.18519/JER/2010/V14/77698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18519/JER/2010/V14/77698","url":null,"abstract":"Administration of FSH (1IU/day) to the snake Enhydris enhydris for 14, 28 and 42 days resulted in increase in diameter of the seminiferous tubules of the regressed testes. Proliferation of spermatogonia and increase in abundance of primary spermatocytes were also observed. But the treatment failed to induce the spermatogenic cells to meiotic division. The interstitial cells in the testes between control and FSH-treated snakes did not show any difference. The failure to complete the process of spermatogenesis after FSH treatment indicates that role by a second hormone is necessary for the completion of spermatogenic process. The second hormone may be either LH or androgen.","PeriodicalId":15664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinology and Reproduction","volume":"73 1","pages":"25-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79661272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-06-01DOI: 10.18519/JER/2010/V14/77697
A. Kurup, A. Ramachandran
In order to evaluate the time-specific influence of pineal indoles on tail regeneration in lizards, melatonin (M), methoxytryptophol (ML) and methoxytryptamine (MT) were administered intraperitonealy to different groups of lizards at morning 7:00 hrs (m) or in the evening at 17:00 hrs (e). The Mm and MLe groups of lizards showed a delay in the attainment of various arbitrary stages of regeneration like wound healing, pre-blastema, blastema and initiation of growth while the Me and MLm groups of lizards showed hastened attainment. However, MTm and MTe treatments did not bring about any difference compared to the controls. The total length of tail regenerated and percentage replacement at the end of 30 days were significantly less in Mm and MLe groups of lizards. MTm and MTe treatments, however, did not affect the regeneration process. The results indicate that M and ML have opposite time-specific effects on regeneration, while MT has no effect. Apparently, M and ML are part of the photoperiodic and neuro-endocrine transduction mechanisms related to regenerative growth in lizards.
{"title":"Melatonin and Methoxytryptophol have Temporal Effect on Tail Elongation but not Methoxytryptamine: Studies on Tail Regeneration in Hemidactylus flaviviridis","authors":"A. Kurup, A. Ramachandran","doi":"10.18519/JER/2010/V14/77697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18519/JER/2010/V14/77697","url":null,"abstract":"In order to evaluate the time-specific influence of pineal indoles on tail regeneration in lizards, melatonin (M), methoxytryptophol (ML) and methoxytryptamine (MT) were administered intraperitonealy to different groups of lizards at morning 7:00 hrs (m) or in the evening at 17:00 hrs (e). The Mm and MLe groups of lizards showed a delay in the attainment of various arbitrary stages of regeneration like wound healing, pre-blastema, blastema and initiation of growth while the Me and MLm groups of lizards showed hastened attainment. However, MTm and MTe treatments did not bring about any difference compared to the controls. The total length of tail regenerated and percentage replacement at the end of 30 days were significantly less in Mm and MLe groups of lizards. MTm and MTe treatments, however, did not affect the regeneration process. The results indicate that M and ML have opposite time-specific effects on regeneration, while MT has no effect. Apparently, M and ML are part of the photoperiodic and neuro-endocrine transduction mechanisms related to regenerative growth in lizards.","PeriodicalId":15664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinology and Reproduction","volume":"140 1","pages":"19-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77775006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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