Matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP2 and MMP9) are involved in the extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. We tested the short-term in vitro action of inhibitors of MMP2 and MMP9 on P-type ion transporter function in organ explants of climbing perch ( Anabas testudineus ) to understand how these ECM remodeling components influence the ion transporter function in the osmoregulatory epithelia of fish. Graded doses (10 -8 , 10 -7 and 10 -6 M) of inhibitors of MMP2 and MMP9 were administered in vitro to explants of gills, kidney and intestine, kept for either 15 or 30 min and the activities of P-type ATPase such as Na + /K + -ATPase (NKA), H + /K + -ATPase (HKA) and plasma membrane Ca 2+ -ATPase (PMCA) were quantified. We found that the inhibitors of MMP2 and MMP9 produced dose- and time-dependent modulation in the activities of NKA, HKA and PMCA in the tested tissue explants. Incubation of MMP2 and 9 inhibitors at the highest dose (10 -6 M) for 15 and 30 min produced substantial rise in NKA activity. Likewise, HKA activity that showed significant rise after incubation of 10 -7 and 10 -8 M inhibitors in gills and kidney explants, decreased at the lowest dose (10-8 M) of inhibitors. The lower doses of both inhibitors, while increasing PMCA activity in kidney and intestinal explants inhibited its activity in gill explant. These differential tissue-responsive actions of MMP2 and MMP9 inhibitors indicate that these ECM remodeling components can modify the function of the membrane-bound P-type ion transporters in the osmoregulatory tissues of fish.
{"title":"In Vitro Action of Matrix Metalloproteinases 2 and 9 Inhibitors on Na + /K + -ATPase, H + /K + -ATPase and PMCA Activities in the Osmoregulatory Epithelia of Climbing Perch ( Anabas testudineus Bloch)","authors":"G. Sheetal, V. S. Peter, M. Peter","doi":"10.18311/JER/2018/24711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/JER/2018/24711","url":null,"abstract":"Matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP2 and MMP9) are involved in the extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. We tested the short-term in vitro action of inhibitors of MMP2 and MMP9 on P-type ion transporter function in organ explants of climbing perch ( Anabas testudineus ) to understand how these ECM remodeling components influence the ion transporter function in the osmoregulatory epithelia of fish. Graded doses (10 -8 , 10 -7 and 10 -6 M) of inhibitors of MMP2 and MMP9 were administered in vitro to explants of gills, kidney and intestine, kept for either 15 or 30 min and the activities of P-type ATPase such as Na + /K + -ATPase (NKA), H + /K + -ATPase (HKA) and plasma membrane Ca 2+ -ATPase (PMCA) were quantified. We found that the inhibitors of MMP2 and MMP9 produced dose- and time-dependent modulation in the activities of NKA, HKA and PMCA in the tested tissue explants. Incubation of MMP2 and 9 inhibitors at the highest dose (10 -6 M) for 15 and 30 min produced substantial rise in NKA activity. Likewise, HKA activity that showed significant rise after incubation of 10 -7 and 10 -8 M inhibitors in gills and kidney explants, decreased at the lowest dose (10-8 M) of inhibitors. The lower doses of both inhibitors, while increasing PMCA activity in kidney and intestinal explants inhibited its activity in gill explant. These differential tissue-responsive actions of MMP2 and MMP9 inhibitors indicate that these ECM remodeling components can modify the function of the membrane-bound P-type ion transporters in the osmoregulatory tissues of fish.","PeriodicalId":15664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinology and Reproduction","volume":"38 1","pages":"19-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79861915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The incidence of diabetes, a metabolic disorder, is increasing at a very rapid pace globally but hypoglycemic drugs like insulin, bioguanides, thiazolidiones and sulphonylureas, which produce several adverse side effects, are still the main stay for its treatment. However, the traditional medicines derived from plants have lesser side effects and are of low cost. Boerhaavia diffusa , belonging to Nyctaginaceae family, also known as Punarnava, has great many medicinal properties and is one of the oldest medicines described in Ayurveda for the treatment of a number of diseases including diabetes. B. diffusa has been reported to be diuretic, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, antifibrolytic, antibacterial, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, immunosuppressive, nephroprotective, antiasthamatic, antihelminitic, etc. It contains alkaloids, flavanoids, lipids, carbohydrates, steroids, lignins, proteins, triterpeniods, glycoproteins, β-sitosterol, α-2-sitosterol, ester of β-sitosterol, palmitic acid, β-ecdyosone, hexacosanoic, tetracosanoic, arachidonic and stearic acids, etc., which might be responsible for its curative properties. The present review focuses on the antidiabetic/hypoglycaemic property of this miracle plant.
{"title":"Diabetes: Rescue by Boerhaavia diffusa","authors":"S. Arora, C. Haldar","doi":"10.18311/JER/2018/24831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/JER/2018/24831","url":null,"abstract":"The incidence of diabetes, a metabolic disorder, is increasing at a very rapid pace globally but hypoglycemic drugs like insulin, bioguanides, thiazolidiones and sulphonylureas, which produce several adverse side effects, are still the main stay for its treatment. However, the traditional medicines derived from plants have lesser side effects and are of low cost. Boerhaavia diffusa , belonging to Nyctaginaceae family, also known as Punarnava, has great many medicinal properties and is one of the oldest medicines described in Ayurveda for the treatment of a number of diseases including diabetes. B. diffusa has been reported to be diuretic, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, antifibrolytic, antibacterial, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, immunosuppressive, nephroprotective, antiasthamatic, antihelminitic, etc. It contains alkaloids, flavanoids, lipids, carbohydrates, steroids, lignins, proteins, triterpeniods, glycoproteins, β-sitosterol, α-2-sitosterol, ester of β-sitosterol, palmitic acid, β-ecdyosone, hexacosanoic, tetracosanoic, arachidonic and stearic acids, etc., which might be responsible for its curative properties. The present review focuses on the antidiabetic/hypoglycaemic property of this miracle plant.","PeriodicalId":15664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinology and Reproduction","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88835988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The extraordinary sequential process of T cell development and maturation is hallmark of well-functioning of thymus gland. An earlier study clarifies the relationship between salivary glands and other organs including thymus. In order to define the precise role of salivary gland secreted growth factors on the development, differentiation and maturation of thymocytes, especially CD4 and CD8, we sialoadenectomized (removal of submandibular gland) and salivariadenectomized (removal of submandibular and sublingual glands) the male albino mice. The mice were operated at the age of 20 days and maintained under normal conditions in the animal house along with control, up to the age of ten weeks. Subsequently, blood samples were collected and peripheral T cell subsets was analysed using FACSCalibur flow cytometer with BD Tritest CD4FITC/ CD8PE/CD3 PerCP reagent. It was observed that in the absence of salivary gland-secreted growth factors, especially EGF, the mature naive T cells output gets disturbed, and there was significant reduction in CD4 absolute and % count and CD4:CD8 ratio, signifying the importance of salivary gland-secreted growth factors in maturation of immune cells in the thymus. It is suggested that the importance of interplay of hormones and neuropeptides on one hand and salivary secretory regulatory peptides on the other, on the T cell differentiation and maturation in the thymus is investigated.
{"title":"Flow Cytometric Analysis of Peripheral T Cell Subsets in the Sialoadenectomized and Salivariadenectomized Male Mice ( Mus musculus Linn.)","authors":"S. P. Khairmode, S. S. Desai, M. Walvekar","doi":"10.18311/JER/2020/23952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/JER/2020/23952","url":null,"abstract":"The extraordinary sequential process of T cell development and maturation is hallmark of well-functioning of thymus gland. An earlier study clarifies the relationship between salivary glands and other organs including thymus. In order to define the precise role of salivary gland secreted growth factors on the development, differentiation and maturation of thymocytes, especially CD4 and CD8, we sialoadenectomized (removal of submandibular gland) and salivariadenectomized (removal of submandibular and sublingual glands) the male albino mice. The mice were operated at the age of 20 days and maintained under normal conditions in the animal house along with control, up to the age of ten weeks. Subsequently, blood samples were collected and peripheral T cell subsets was analysed using FACSCalibur flow cytometer with BD Tritest CD4FITC/ CD8PE/CD3 PerCP reagent. It was observed that in the absence of salivary gland-secreted growth factors, especially EGF, the mature naive T cells output gets disturbed, and there was significant reduction in CD4 absolute and % count and CD4:CD8 ratio, signifying the importance of salivary gland-secreted growth factors in maturation of immune cells in the thymus. It is suggested that the importance of interplay of hormones and neuropeptides on one hand and salivary secretory regulatory peptides on the other, on the T cell differentiation and maturation in the thymus is investigated.","PeriodicalId":15664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinology and Reproduction","volume":"58 1","pages":"37-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86579911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ammonia, as an endogenous respiratory gas, is produced during protein and amino acid metabolism. Accumulation of excess ammonia is toxic, and fishes have developed mechanisms to defend against ammonia toxicity. Here, we tested the in vivo action of ammonia in an air-breathing fish to find how it modulates mitochondrial ion transport in fish heart and liver. We thus analysed the activity pattern of mitochondrial ion transporters such as mitochondrial Ca 2+ ATPase, mitochondrial H + ATPase and mitochondrial F 1 F 0 ATPase in heart and liver of air-breathing fish Anabas testudineus which were kept for immersion-induced hypoxia stress. In addition, plasma metabolites such as glucose and lactate were also quantified. Oral administration of ammonia solution [(NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ; 50ng g -1 ] for 30 min increased mit.Ca 2+ ATPase activity in heart but lowered its activity in liver mitochondria. A reduced mit.H + ATPase activity was found in heart but in liver its activity showed increase after ammonia treatment. F 1 F 0 ATPase increased significantly in heart but showed reduced activity in liver mitochondria. Administration of ammonia in immersion-stressed fish, however, nullified the excitatory response of heart and liver mitochondria in the immersion-stressed fish. Overall, the data indicate that ammonia can play a significant physiological role in the regulation of mitochondrial ion homeostasis in the liver and heart of air-breathing fish during their acclimation to hypoxia stress.
{"title":"In Vivo Action of Ammonia on Ion Transport Function in Liver and Heart Mitochondria of Immersion-Stressed Air-Breathing Fish ( Anabas testudineus Bloch)","authors":"S. Narayan, V. S. Peter, M. Peter","doi":"10.18311/JER/2018/24830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/JER/2018/24830","url":null,"abstract":"Ammonia, as an endogenous respiratory gas, is produced during protein and amino acid metabolism. Accumulation of excess ammonia is toxic, and fishes have developed mechanisms to defend against ammonia toxicity. Here, we tested the in vivo action of ammonia in an air-breathing fish to find how it modulates mitochondrial ion transport in fish heart and liver. We thus analysed the activity pattern of mitochondrial ion transporters such as mitochondrial Ca 2+ ATPase, mitochondrial H + ATPase and mitochondrial F 1 F 0 ATPase in heart and liver of air-breathing fish Anabas testudineus which were kept for immersion-induced hypoxia stress. In addition, plasma metabolites such as glucose and lactate were also quantified. Oral administration of ammonia solution [(NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ; 50ng g -1 ] for 30 min increased mit.Ca 2+ ATPase activity in heart but lowered its activity in liver mitochondria. A reduced mit.H + ATPase activity was found in heart but in liver its activity showed increase after ammonia treatment. F 1 F 0 ATPase increased significantly in heart but showed reduced activity in liver mitochondria. Administration of ammonia in immersion-stressed fish, however, nullified the excitatory response of heart and liver mitochondria in the immersion-stressed fish. Overall, the data indicate that ammonia can play a significant physiological role in the regulation of mitochondrial ion homeostasis in the liver and heart of air-breathing fish during their acclimation to hypoxia stress.","PeriodicalId":15664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinology and Reproduction","volume":"16 1","pages":"5-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81680960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Spermatogenesis is a highly regulated process in which undifferentiated spermatogonial stem cells differentiate to form highly specialized sperm cells capable of fusing with the ovum to form a zygote. This is achieved through tightly controlled regulation of gene expression which depends crucially on DNA accessibility. DNA accessibility is largely dependent on epigenetic modifications including DNA methylation and modifications of the histones. DNA methylation is catalysed by DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) enzymes. The spatial and temporal expression levels and functional features of the DNMTs are thought to landscape the gene expression in the male germ cells. On the other hand, the histone code is defined by an array of molecules that bring about post-translational modifications of various histones at various sites. All these intricate events orchestrate germ cell specification, stem cell maintenance, mitotic amplification, initiation of meiosis and post-meiotic differentiation events. This review summarizes the sequential changes in DNA methylation and the histone modification profiles in germ cells leading to the production of functional spermatozoa.
{"title":"DNA Methylation and Histone Modifications Associated with Male Germ Cell Differentiation","authors":"A. Soumya, K. Radhakrishnan, Pradeep G. Kumar","doi":"10.18311/JER/2018/23323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/JER/2018/23323","url":null,"abstract":"Spermatogenesis is a highly regulated process in which undifferentiated spermatogonial stem cells differentiate to form highly specialized sperm cells capable of fusing with the ovum to form a zygote. This is achieved through tightly controlled regulation of gene expression which depends crucially on DNA accessibility. DNA accessibility is largely dependent on epigenetic modifications including DNA methylation and modifications of the histones. DNA methylation is catalysed by DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) enzymes. The spatial and temporal expression levels and functional features of the DNMTs are thought to landscape the gene expression in the male germ cells. On the other hand, the histone code is defined by an array of molecules that bring about post-translational modifications of various histones at various sites. All these intricate events orchestrate germ cell specification, stem cell maintenance, mitotic amplification, initiation of meiosis and post-meiotic differentiation events. This review summarizes the sequential changes in DNA methylation and the histone modification profiles in germ cells leading to the production of functional spermatozoa.","PeriodicalId":15664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinology and Reproduction","volume":"38 1","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80471737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Navin, N. Shobana, S. Venkatachalam, M. A. Akbarsha, S. Banu, M. M. Aruldhas
Chromium (Cr), an essential trace element, turns into an endocrine disruptor and male reproductive toxicant when its concentration in drinking water exceeds the safe limit. Improper disposal of effluents from more than 50 industries that use Cr contaminate the environment, in addition to occupational exposure of the workers. Testis has come to stay as a target for the reproductive toxicity of hexavalent Cr (CrVI), whereas its impact on fetal testicular differentiation remains elusive. We tested the hypothesis “ In utero exposure to CrVI may alter the level of specific proteins controlling differentiation of testicular cell types”. Pregnant Wistar rats were exposed to drinking water containing 50, 100 and 200 ppm potassium dichromate (CrVI) during gestational days 14 to 21, covering the period of fetal differentiation of testicular cells. Testes were collected on postnatal day 1 and subjected to light microscopic histological studies and immunohistochemical detection of cell-specific proteins. Testis of neonatal rats with gestational exposure to high doses of CrVI showed shrunken and dispersed tubules with fewer gonocytes, extensive vacuolization of seminiferous cord accompanied by damaged epithelium, and shrunken Leydig cells present in large interstitial spaces and loose compaction of cells when compared coeval control group. Immunosignals of androgen and estrogen receptor β increased, whereas those of estrogen receptor α, follicle stimulating hormone receptor, anti-Mullerian hormone, P 450 aromatase, inhibin, c-fos and c-jun decreased. Immunosignals of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein and CYP11A1 increased, whereas 3β - hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase and CYP17A1 proteins decreased, indicating compromised steroidogenic function. Our findings support the proposed hypothesis and we conclude that gestational exposure to CrVI disrupts specific hormones and hormone receptors that control fetal differentiation of testicular cells. The detrimental effect of gestational exposure to CrVI on functional differentiation of testicular cells may have a bearing on testicular function at adulthood.
{"title":"Transient Gestational Exposure to Hexavalent Chromium (CrVI) Adversely Affects Testicular Differentiation: A Study in Rat Model","authors":"A. Navin, N. Shobana, S. Venkatachalam, M. A. Akbarsha, S. Banu, M. M. Aruldhas","doi":"10.18311/JER/2017/23852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/JER/2017/23852","url":null,"abstract":"Chromium (Cr), an essential trace element, turns into an endocrine disruptor and male reproductive toxicant when its concentration in drinking water exceeds the safe limit. Improper disposal of effluents from more than 50 industries that use Cr contaminate the environment, in addition to occupational exposure of the workers. Testis has come to stay as a target for the reproductive toxicity of hexavalent Cr (CrVI), whereas its impact on fetal testicular differentiation remains elusive. We tested the hypothesis “ In utero exposure to CrVI may alter the level of specific proteins controlling differentiation of testicular cell types”. Pregnant Wistar rats were exposed to drinking water containing 50, 100 and 200 ppm potassium dichromate (CrVI) during gestational days 14 to 21, covering the period of fetal differentiation of testicular cells. Testes were collected on postnatal day 1 and subjected to light microscopic histological studies and immunohistochemical detection of cell-specific proteins. Testis of neonatal rats with gestational exposure to high doses of CrVI showed shrunken and dispersed tubules with fewer gonocytes, extensive vacuolization of seminiferous cord accompanied by damaged epithelium, and shrunken Leydig cells present in large interstitial spaces and loose compaction of cells when compared coeval control group. Immunosignals of androgen and estrogen receptor β increased, whereas those of estrogen receptor α, follicle stimulating hormone receptor, anti-Mullerian hormone, P 450 aromatase, inhibin, c-fos and c-jun decreased. Immunosignals of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein and CYP11A1 increased, whereas 3β - hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase and CYP17A1 proteins decreased, indicating compromised steroidogenic function. Our findings support the proposed hypothesis and we conclude that gestational exposure to CrVI disrupts specific hormones and hormone receptors that control fetal differentiation of testicular cells. The detrimental effect of gestational exposure to CrVI on functional differentiation of testicular cells may have a bearing on testicular function at adulthood.","PeriodicalId":15664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinology and Reproduction","volume":"39 1","pages":"93-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72879574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the present study has been to explore the effect of Sesamum indicum in thyroidectomy-induced erectile dysfunction in rat. The animals were anaesthetized with combination of midazolam and ketamine i.p. , and the thyroid gland was dissected out. The skin was then stitched and the wound was closed. Animals were treated with penicillin injection i.p. for 5 days postoperatively. After 45 days of surgery different groups of animals were treated with sesamum oil at dose levels 2 mL, 3 mL and 5 mL/kg p.o. , and with standard drug sildenafil, respectively, for 28 days. At the end of the study erectile dysfunction-associated physical and biochemical parameters were evaluated to assess the effect of Sesamum indicum in thyroidectomy-induced erectile dysfunction. Thyroidectomy resulted in impairment of sexual function in the rat. Treatment of Sesamum indicum oil caused increase in testosterone level. It also produced significant positive effects on the physical parameters of sexual function such as mount latency, intromission latency, ejaculatory latency, post-ejaculatory interval, mount frequency and intromission frequency. Though the oil did not produce any significant effect on the levels of thyroid hormones, the oil at the doses of 2 mL, 3 mL and 5 mL/kg body weight restored sexual competence to a reasonable extent in which the highest dose produced the maximum response. A combination of Sesamum indicum oil and thyroxin may be recommended for hypothyroidism-associated sexual impairment.
{"title":"Effect of Sesamum indicum oil in Thyroidectomy-Induced Erectile Dysfunction in Rat","authors":"Rajnish Kumar, Dr..Shradha Bisht, M. Singh","doi":"10.18311/JER/2017/21533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/JER/2017/21533","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present study has been to explore the effect of Sesamum indicum in thyroidectomy-induced erectile dysfunction in rat. The animals were anaesthetized with combination of midazolam and ketamine i.p. , and the thyroid gland was dissected out. The skin was then stitched and the wound was closed. Animals were treated with penicillin injection i.p. for 5 days postoperatively. After 45 days of surgery different groups of animals were treated with sesamum oil at dose levels 2 mL, 3 mL and 5 mL/kg p.o. , and with standard drug sildenafil, respectively, for 28 days. At the end of the study erectile dysfunction-associated physical and biochemical parameters were evaluated to assess the effect of Sesamum indicum in thyroidectomy-induced erectile dysfunction. Thyroidectomy resulted in impairment of sexual function in the rat. Treatment of Sesamum indicum oil caused increase in testosterone level. It also produced significant positive effects on the physical parameters of sexual function such as mount latency, intromission latency, ejaculatory latency, post-ejaculatory interval, mount frequency and intromission frequency. Though the oil did not produce any significant effect on the levels of thyroid hormones, the oil at the doses of 2 mL, 3 mL and 5 mL/kg body weight restored sexual competence to a reasonable extent in which the highest dose produced the maximum response. A combination of Sesamum indicum oil and thyroxin may be recommended for hypothyroidism-associated sexual impairment.","PeriodicalId":15664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinology and Reproduction","volume":"73 2 1","pages":"77-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79214624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Being the principal estrogen, estradiol 17β (E 2 ) is essential for normal ovarian function in the vertebrates including fishes. Besides its primary role in reproduction, E 2 is also known for its role in many other physiological processes including water and mineral balance. However, it is uncertain, how E 2 regulates ion-specific ATPases that drive Na + , K + , H + , Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ transport in fish brain. We, therefore, examined the short-term in situ action of E 2 on ion transporter function in the brain segments of freshwater female Mozambique tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus . Tilapia were perfused with increasing doses of E 2 (10 -9 , 10 -8 and 10 -7 M) for 20 min and sampled for determining Na + /K + -ATPase, H + -ATPase, Ca 2+ -ATPase, and Mg 2+ -ATPase activities in the prosencephalon (PC), mesencephalon (MC) and metencephalon (MeC) segments of brain. Dose-dependent increase in Na + /K + - and Ca 2+ -dependent transporter activities after E 2 perfusion were found in PC. In MC, E 2 treatment, however, produced significant increase in Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ and H + transport activities in mitochondria but decreased Na + /K + - and νH + transporter activities. On the contrary, in MeC, E 2 administration while producing increase in Na + /K + -, mitochondrial- and νH + -transport, lowered cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca 2+ transport. Taken together, the data indicate that E 2 has rapid and direct action on ion transporter function that corresponds to the differential activation/inactivation of neuronal clusters in the brain segments of female freshwater tilapia.
{"title":"Rapid In Situ Action of Estradiol 17β on Ion Transporter Function in Brain Segments of Female Mozambique Tilapia ( Oreochromis mossambicus Peters)","authors":"Dafina Wilfred, V. S. Peter, Subash Peter","doi":"10.18311/JER/2017/23150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/JER/2017/23150","url":null,"abstract":"Being the principal estrogen, estradiol 17β (E 2 ) is essential for normal ovarian function in the vertebrates including fishes. Besides its primary role in reproduction, E 2 is also known for its role in many other physiological processes including water and mineral balance. However, it is uncertain, how E 2 regulates ion-specific ATPases that drive Na + , K + , H + , Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ transport in fish brain. We, therefore, examined the short-term in situ action of E 2 on ion transporter function in the brain segments of freshwater female Mozambique tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus . Tilapia were perfused with increasing doses of E 2 (10 -9 , 10 -8 and 10 -7 M) for 20 min and sampled for determining Na + /K + -ATPase, H + -ATPase, Ca 2+ -ATPase, and Mg 2+ -ATPase activities in the prosencephalon (PC), mesencephalon (MC) and metencephalon (MeC) segments of brain. Dose-dependent increase in Na + /K + - and Ca 2+ -dependent transporter activities after E 2 perfusion were found in PC. In MC, E 2 treatment, however, produced significant increase in Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ and H + transport activities in mitochondria but decreased Na + /K + - and νH + transporter activities. On the contrary, in MeC, E 2 administration while producing increase in Na + /K + -, mitochondrial- and νH + -transport, lowered cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca 2+ transport. Taken together, the data indicate that E 2 has rapid and direct action on ion transporter function that corresponds to the differential activation/inactivation of neuronal clusters in the brain segments of female freshwater tilapia.","PeriodicalId":15664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinology and Reproduction","volume":"36 1","pages":"67-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89005048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Indian pygmy field mouse, Mus terricolor , a wild rodent has to face many stressors in the environment such as unpredictable harsh weather, non-static habitats, food shortage, water scarcity, social pressure, risk of predators and parasites, etc. Glucocorticoids are known to suppress reproductive functions during the stressful situations in many rodents. No report till date exists demonstrating the effects of stress on the reproduction in male M. terricolor , a tropical, wild, nocturnal, short day breeder. To replicate stress-like situation under experimental condition, dexamethasone (60μg/100g body weight) treatment was given to this tiny rodent during the Reproductively Active Phase (RAP) of its breeding cycle. Administration of dexamethasone led to significant reductions in the weights of gonad and accessory sex organs, which were accompanied by significant reductions in the biochemical constituents viz., epididymal sialic acid and seminal vesicular fructose. The levels of plasma testosterone also decreased significantly while there was a significant increase in the gonadal cholesterol after the treatment. Histological observations revealed inhibitory effects of dexamethasone on the reproductive tissues. It is, therefore, suggested that the stressful condition due to exogenous administration of glucocorticoid suppresses the reproductive functions of M. terricolor .
{"title":"Glucocorticoid-Induced Alterations in the Reproductive Functions of Male Mus terricolor , the Indian Pygmy Field Mouse","authors":"S. Arora, P. Singh, C. Haldar","doi":"10.18311/JER/2016/16267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/JER/2016/16267","url":null,"abstract":"The Indian pygmy field mouse, Mus terricolor , a wild rodent has to face many stressors in the environment such as unpredictable harsh weather, non-static habitats, food shortage, water scarcity, social pressure, risk of predators and parasites, etc. Glucocorticoids are known to suppress reproductive functions during the stressful situations in many rodents. No report till date exists demonstrating the effects of stress on the reproduction in male M. terricolor , a tropical, wild, nocturnal, short day breeder. To replicate stress-like situation under experimental condition, dexamethasone (60μg/100g body weight) treatment was given to this tiny rodent during the Reproductively Active Phase (RAP) of its breeding cycle. Administration of dexamethasone led to significant reductions in the weights of gonad and accessory sex organs, which were accompanied by significant reductions in the biochemical constituents viz., epididymal sialic acid and seminal vesicular fructose. The levels of plasma testosterone also decreased significantly while there was a significant increase in the gonadal cholesterol after the treatment. Histological observations revealed inhibitory effects of dexamethasone on the reproductive tissues. It is, therefore, suggested that the stressful condition due to exogenous administration of glucocorticoid suppresses the reproductive functions of M. terricolor .","PeriodicalId":15664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinology and Reproduction","volume":"7 1","pages":"83-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76026919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Androgens, the steroid hormones, typically mediates their action by binding to the cytosolic Androgen Receptor(s) (AR), via the classical or genomic pathway. Androgens can also act through a non-classical or non-genomic pathway interacting with receptors present on the plasma membrane of cells. Although the identity of the nuclear AR is well established, the identity of the membrane AR is still not clear. Through independent studies, three proteins have been identified that are present on plasma membranes of prostate cells and can mediate androgen signalling, viz, GPRC6A, AR8 and ZIP9. Although these proteins can mediate androgen signalling, the membrane receptor which is used most frequently and specifically for mediating androgen action in prostate cells is not confirmed. Recent research has shown that the non-genomic androgen signalling plays a key role in progression of prostate cancer (PCa). In this review, the potential of these three proteins for their ability to act as the membrane AR has been analysed. The use of membrane AR as a novel target for treatment of PCa has also been discussed.
{"title":"Membrane Androgen Receptor(s) and their Role in Prostate Cancer","authors":"J. Singh, G. Bhattacharjee","doi":"10.18311/JER/2016/16216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/JER/2016/16216","url":null,"abstract":"Androgens, the steroid hormones, typically mediates their action by binding to the cytosolic Androgen Receptor(s) (AR), via the classical or genomic pathway. Androgens can also act through a non-classical or non-genomic pathway interacting with receptors present on the plasma membrane of cells. Although the identity of the nuclear AR is well established, the identity of the membrane AR is still not clear. Through independent studies, three proteins have been identified that are present on plasma membranes of prostate cells and can mediate androgen signalling, viz, GPRC6A, AR8 and ZIP9. Although these proteins can mediate androgen signalling, the membrane receptor which is used most frequently and specifically for mediating androgen action in prostate cells is not confirmed. Recent research has shown that the non-genomic androgen signalling plays a key role in progression of prostate cancer (PCa). In this review, the potential of these three proteins for their ability to act as the membrane AR has been analysed. The use of membrane AR as a novel target for treatment of PCa has also been discussed.","PeriodicalId":15664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Endocrinology and Reproduction","volume":"14 1","pages":"76-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83430223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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