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Lessons from the Danish production of green hydrogen using proton membrane electrolysis of clean drinking water 丹麦利用质子膜电解清洁饮用水生产绿色氢气的经验教训
IF 0.7 Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2024-01-08 DOI: 10.1680/jenes.23.00071
Jasmin Salik, G. Xydis
With the European Union’s green strategy, and its member countries making a conscious effort to move away from fossil fuels and cut greenhouse gas emissions, there has been an uptake in technologies that produce green energy. Power-to-X has been an important topic in recent times, due to the so-called emission-free process of creating hydrogen, from excess renewable energy. The following research investigates this title of being emission-free, by analysing the method of obtaining extremely clean (pure) drinking water to produce this hydrogen. A linear equation was produced, that identifies the CO2 intensity per kWh of electricity used in producing each kg of water used to produce hydrogen. It was found that CO2 emissions occurred for small, medium, and large sized capacity projects based in Denmark. Indicatively, for a 1GW project facility, it was calculated that such a plant can produce 160,161 kg of CO2 per year, so apparently, nothing comes without a cost.
随着欧盟绿色战略的实施,其成员国开始有意识地摒弃化石燃料,减少温室气体排放,生产绿色能源的技术也随之兴起。近来,"Power-to-X "成为一个重要的话题,因为它是利用过剩的可再生能源制造氢气的所谓无排放工艺。以下研究通过分析获取极度清洁(纯净)的饮用水来生产氢气的方法,对无排放这一称号进行了调查。研究得出了一个线性方程,该方程确定了生产每千克制氢用水所用的每千瓦时电力的二氧化碳强度。研究发现,丹麦的小型、中型和大型产能项目都会产生二氧化碳排放。据计算,一个 1GW 的项目设施每年可产生 160,161 千克二氧化碳,显然,任何事情都是有代价的。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of the Radioecological Situation Based on Spectral Analyzes of Radionuclides 根据放射性核素光谱分析评估辐射生态状况
IF 0.7 Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2024-01-08 DOI: 10.1680/jenes.23.00048
Ch S Aliyev, L. A. Kazimova
Radio-ecological researches, i.e. studies about the radioactivity on the Absheron peninsula were launched since 1930-1932, initially based on samples taken from the soil, water, and underground water. It was determined that the main cause of the radioactive pollution in the area is not limited to the effects of radioactive isotopes of natural origin rather it takes place also due to the contamination of oilfields driven by technogenic processes and the contact of water solutions of different mineralization with rocks and oilfields. However, complete exploration of the area in those times was not possible because of lack of modern equipment and devices and new technologies. It should be noted that despite the critical ecological situation prevalent in the Absheron peninsula, no comprehensive studies have been conducted on the radiation level of the area and the diminishing of possible radiation risk among the population living and working in the nearby areas. In this paper, the regularities of distribution of the radiation background in the territory of Absheron peninsula were analyzed and the most dangerous areas in terms of dwelling and operating were identified with proposing necessary measures towards such areas. Moreover, the changing of the radioactive background in relationship with age and types of a soil was determined for the first time based on laboratory analysis of samples taken from the area and the fieldworks conducted. In the presented paper, the radiation background of the Absheron peninsula was studied, thus determining the areas with the average value of the radiation background at 8.5 mcR/h but also the areas where it equaled 400-600 mcR/h, that is, the dangerous levels for living and working.
自 1930-1932 年以来,对 Absheron 半岛进行了放射性生态研究,即放射性研究。研究结果表明,该地区放射性污染的主要原因并不局限于天然放射性同位素的影响,而是由于技术工艺造成的油田污染以及不同矿化度的水溶液与岩石和油田的接触。然而,由于缺乏现代设备和装置以及新技术,当时不可能对该地区进行全面勘探。应该指出的是,尽管 Absheron 半岛的生态状况十分严峻,但却没有对该地区的辐射水平以及降低在附近地区生活和工作的居民可能面临的辐射风险进行过全面研究。本文分析了 Absheron 半岛辐射本底分布的规律性,确定了居住和工作最危险的地区,并提出了针对这些地区的必要措施。此外,根据对从该地区采集的样本进行的实验室分析和开展的实地工作,首次确定了放射性本底的变化与土壤年龄和类型的关系。本文对 Absheron 半岛的辐射本底进行了研究,从而确定了辐射本底平均值为 8.5 mcR/h 的地区,以及辐射本底等于 400-600 mcR/h 的地区,即对生活和工作有危险的地区。
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引用次数: 0
Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science: Referees 2023 环境工程与科学杂志》:裁判 2023
IF 0.7 Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1680/jenes.2024.19.1.56
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引用次数: 0
Award-winning paper in 2022 2022 年获奖论文
IF 0.7 Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1680/jenes.2024.19.1.55
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引用次数: 0
Preparation of thiol modified olive stone-based biochar for the removal of Hg (II)from aqueous solutions 制备硫醇改性橄榄石基生物炭,用于去除水溶液中的汞(II)
IF 0.7 Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-11-24 DOI: 10.1680/jenes.23.00090
M. Gómez-Marroquín, Dalia Carbonel, Stephanie Esquivel, Henry Colorado
Mercury is a heavy metal whose toxicity poses significant environmental and health risks. Utilizing biochar prepared from biomass waste is a straightforward and effective method for removing mercury from water. This research centered on producing a thiol-functionalized biochar derived from olive stone waste for the removal of Hg (II) from aqueous solutions. Characterization analyses confirmed the successful functionalization. The biochar, despite having a limited specific surface area (4.14 m2/g) due to raw material nature and pyrolysis conditions, exhibited a notable ability for Hg (II) adsorption, primarily attributed to the thiol-modified surface. Adsorption was assessed using a 2^3 factorial design, with the variables being the adsorption time, biochar dose, and initial Hg (II) concentration in the solution. The biochar dose emerged as the most influential factor, followed by the adsorption time and, lastly the initial Hg (II) concentration. The peak removal efficiency of the model stood at 98.19 %. Kinetics aligned with the pseudo-first-order and intra-particle diffusion models, suggesting a surface adsorption mechanism coupled with pore diffusion. This work accentuates the potential of olive-derived biochar, when thiol-enhanced, in treating aqueous systems contaminated with Hg (II).
汞是一种重金属,其毒性对环境和健康构成重大威胁。利用从生物质废物中制备的生物炭是去除水中汞的一种直接有效的方法。这项研究的重点是利用橄榄石废料制备硫醇功能化生物炭,用于去除水溶液中的汞(II)。表征分析证实了功能化的成功。尽管生物炭的比表面积(4.14 m2/g)因原料性质和热解条件而有限,但其吸附汞(II)的能力却十分显著,这主要归功于硫醇修饰的表面。吸附评估采用 2^3 因子设计,变量为吸附时间、生物炭剂量和溶液中的汞(II)初始浓度。生物炭剂量是影响最大的因素,其次是吸附时间,最后是初始汞(II)浓度。该模型的峰值去除率为 98.19%。动力学符合伪一阶和粒内扩散模型,表明表面吸附机制与孔隙扩散相结合。这项研究突出了橄榄提取的生物炭在硫醇增强后处理受 Hg (II) 污染的水系统的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Surfactants: hygiene’s first line of defense against pollution, properties, applications, environmental impacts, and treatment methods 表面活性剂:抵御污染的第一道卫生防线、特性、应用、环境影响和处理方法
IF 0.7 Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-11-17 DOI: 10.1680/jenes.23.00095
Aya A. Najim, Ahmed Y. Radeef
Surfactants are a diverse group of compounds that are widely used in a range of industrial, commercial, and household applications. They are amphiphilic molecules that contain both hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups, which allow them to interact with both water and oil. Surfactants have a number of important properties, including the ability to reduce surface tension, emulsify liquids, and solubilize hydrophobic compounds. These properties make them valuable in a range of applications, including detergents (hygiene products), cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and agricultural products. However, the widespread use of surfactants has also raised concerns about their environmental impacts. This review provides an overview of the properties and applications of surfactants, as well as their environmental impacts, the different types of surfactants and their properties and uses in different applications, the current understanding of the environmental fate and impacts of surfactants, including their interactions with aquatic organisms, microbial communities, and natural ecosystems, and finnaly discusses the strategies for minimizing the environmental impacts of surfactants, including the development of biodegradable and environmentally friendly surfactants.
表面活性剂是一类种类繁多的化合物,广泛应用于各种工业、商业和家庭用途。它们是两亲分子,既含有亲水基团,也含有疏水基团,因此可以与水和油相互作用。表面活性剂具有许多重要特性,包括降低表面张力、乳化液体和增溶疏水化合物的能力。这些特性使它们在清洁剂(卫生用品)、化妆品、药品和农产品等一系列应用中发挥了重要作用。然而,表面活性剂的广泛使用也引起了人们对其环境影响的关注。本综述概述了表面活性剂的特性和应用及其对环境的影响、不同类型的表面活性剂及其在不同应用中的特性和用途、目前对表面活性剂的环境归宿和影响的理解,包括它们与水生生物、微生物群落和自然生态系统的相互作用,最后还讨论了尽量减少表面活性剂对环境影响的策略,包括开发可生物降解和环境友好型表面活性剂。
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引用次数: 0
Groundwater resource exploration and mapping methods: a review 地下水资源勘探与制图方法综述
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-10-23 DOI: 10.1680/jenes.23.00051
Meryl Mae C Rodriguez, Tender P Ferolin
Groundwater, a vital resource for various human activities and ecosystems, necessitates efficient management and sustainable utilization. Groundwater potential zone mapping plays a pivotal role in identifying area where groundwater resources are abundant, thereby aiding decision-makers in optimal resource allocation. This review paper presents an in-depth analysis of diverse methods employed for groundwater potential zone mapping, offering a comprehensive overview of their strengths, weaknesses, and recent advancements. The review covers traditional methods rooted in hydrogeological principles as well as modern techniques that harness the power of geospatial technologies and machine learning. Furthermore, the paper explores the integration of remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) for spatial data analysis, emphasizing their role in enhancing the accuracy of potential zone mapping. In the context of recent advancements, the review sheds light on the emergence of hybrid methods that combine the strengths of multiple approaches, resulting in improved prediction accuracy and robustness. Challenges associated with each method, such as data quality, model complexity, and interpretability, are critically examined, providing insights into the potential limitations and avenues for improvement. The review also emphasizes the importance of validation and uncertainty assessment ensuring the reliability of potential zone mapping results. Finally, this review paper serves as a comprehensive guide for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers engaged in groundwater resource management. By offering a holistic understanding of the diverse methods available for groundwater potential zone mapping, this paper contributes to informed decision-making and the advancement of sustainable groundwater management practices.
地下水是各种人类活动和生态系统的重要资源,必须进行有效管理和可持续利用。地下水潜力带制图对于确定地下水资源丰富的区域,从而帮助决策者进行资源优化配置具有关键作用。这篇综述文章深入分析了用于地下水潜势带测绘的各种方法,全面概述了它们的优缺点和最新进展。该综述涵盖了基于水文地质原理的传统方法,以及利用地理空间技术和机器学习力量的现代技术。进一步探讨了遥感与地理信息系统(GIS)在空间数据分析中的集成,强调了它们在提高潜在区域制图精度方面的作用。在最近的进展背景下,该综述揭示了混合方法的出现,结合了多种方法的优势,从而提高了预测的准确性和稳健性。与每种方法相关的挑战,如数据质量、模型复杂性和可解释性,都经过严格的检查,提供了对潜在限制和改进途径的见解。综述还强调了验证和不确定度评估的重要性,以确保潜在区域测绘结果的可靠性。最后,本文为从事地下水资源管理的研究人员、实践者和决策者提供了全面的指导。通过全面了解地下水潜在带测绘的各种方法,本文有助于明智的决策和可持续地下水管理实践的推进。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluating the correlation of SPI, SPEI, and SSI with climatic and socioeconomic factors for drought monitoring 评估SPI、SPEI和SSI与干旱监测气候和社会经济因素的相关性
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI: 10.1680/jenes.23.00070
Amrit Babu Ghimire, Omar Faruk, Nur Shadia, Utsav Parajuli, Sangmin Shin
Droughts have become more severe and prolonged in recent years, causing significant social and environmental impacts. Analysing drought conditions with various climatic and socio-economic factors is critical for effective drought monitoring. This study investigated the correlation between drought severity and climatic and socio-economic changes in a study area – San Diego County, CA, USA. The drought severity was quantified using three drought indices: standardised precipitation index, standardised precipitation evapotranspiration index and standardised streamflow index. These indices were also used to describe the variation of the drought severity in the study area. The study employed Spearman’s correlation coefficient analysis to evaluate the correlations between the drought indices and climatic and socio-economic factors. The results showed that the drought indices indicated similar variations of the droughts in the study area. However, the severity, duration and frequency of the droughts varied with the timescales in the drought index analysis. Additionally, this study found that the drought conditions based on the three indices had strong negative correlations with precipitation, soil moisture, agricultural area and forest area, which were more pronounced as the timescale increased. The findings will provide insights into effective drought monitoring and management, particularly targeting severe droughts.
近年来,干旱变得更加严重和持久,造成了重大的社会和环境影响。分析具有各种气候和社会经济因素的干旱状况对于有效监测干旱至关重要。本研究调查了美国加州圣地亚哥县干旱严重程度与气候和社会经济变化之间的相关性。采用标准化降水指数、标准化降水蒸散指数和标准化河流流量指数3个干旱指数对干旱程度进行了量化。这些指标也被用来描述研究区干旱严重程度的变化。采用Spearman相关系数分析法,评价了干旱指数与气候和社会经济因素的相关性。结果表明,各干旱指数在研究区干旱变化特征相似。但在干旱指数分析中,干旱的严重程度、持续时间和频率随时间尺度而变化。此外,研究发现,基于3个指标的干旱状况与降水、土壤湿度、农业面积和森林面积呈较强的负相关,且随着时间尺度的增加,这种负相关更为明显。这些发现将为有效的干旱监测和管理提供见解,特别是针对严重干旱。
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引用次数: 0
Modelling of a wastewater-treatment plant for process reliability and effluent reuse 污水处理厂过程可靠性和废水再利用的建模
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-10-12 DOI: 10.1680/jenes.23.00074
Omar A Refaat, Mohamed F Hamoda
Evaluation of wastewater-treatment plant (WWTP) performance is important to determine whether the plant produces an acceptable treated effluent satisfying the water quality standards for reuse. Modelling of WWTPs is required for optimising plant performance and choosing the optimum operation strategy. This study simulated the Kabd WWTP in Kuwait using the BioWin software. The plant receives 180 000 m 3 /day of domestic wastewater and comprises primary, secondary (activated sludge) and tertiary treatment stages. Daily data obtained from the WWTP during 2013–2018 were used for modelling plant performance under steady-state operation. The model could describe plant operation and accurately predict the effluent characteristics for the conditions examined. A high correlation (R 2 = 0.95–0.99) was obtained between the predicted and actual values of chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total suspended solids as main parameters characterising wastewater. The tertiary-treated effluent consistently satisfied the water quality criteria for reuse in irrigation. Using the model could aid in securing compliance of effluent quality with the local environmental standards. Factorial analysis revealed that COD and BOD are the most important parameters describing plant performance. Reliability analysis showed that the coefficient of variability was low (0.328) at a level of reliability of 95%, leading to a high coefficient reliability of 0.631, which indicates a highly stable plant performance. It is recommended to include reliability analysis in evaluating plant performance to demonstrate consistency in the ability of the plant to produce effluents satisfying requirements set by environmental authorities.
污水处理厂(WWTP)的性能评价是重要的,以确定该工厂是否产生可接受的处理出水满足水质标准的回用。为了优化电厂性能和选择最佳运行策略,需要对污水处理厂进行建模。本研究使用BioWin软件模拟了科威特Kabd污水处理厂。该工厂每天接收18万立方米的生活污水,包括一级、二级(活性污泥)和三级处理阶段。2013-2018年从污水处理厂获得的每日数据用于模拟稳态运行下的工厂性能。该模型能准确地描述工厂的运行情况,并能准确地预测所检测条件下的出水特性。化学需氧量(COD)、生化需氧量(BOD)和总悬浮物作为表征废水的主要参数,预测值与实测值呈高度相关(r2 = 0.95 ~ 0.99)。三级处理后的出水水质基本满足灌溉回用的水质标准。使用该模型可以帮助确保污水质量符合当地的环境标准。析因分析表明,COD和BOD是描述植物性能最重要的参数。信度分析结果表明,在95%的信度水平上,变异系数较低(0.328),可靠性系数较高,为0.631,表明植株性能高度稳定。建议在评估工厂绩效时包括可靠性分析,以证明工厂生产符合环境当局规定的污水的能力的一致性。
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引用次数: 0
Anaerobic digestion of thickened waste activated sludge after microwave enhanced advance oxidation pretreatment 微波强化深度氧化预处理后浓缩废活性污泥的厌氧消化
Q3 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-10-10 DOI: 10.1680/jenes.22.00073
Sarah Ries, Ping Liao, Donald Mavinic, Victor Lo
A microwave-enhanced advanced oxidation process (MW-AOP) was used to treat thickened waste secondary sludge prior to anaerobic digestion (AD). A large amount of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) was formed in the solution after pretreatment. Both single- and two-phase systems loaded up to 18.2 g volatile solids/(l day) while achieving high methane production, as well as high overall treatment efficiency. Both the upflow anaerobic blanket reactor and the continuous stirred tank reactor could operate at very short hydraulic retention times as short as 2 days without any evidence of souring. The results indicated that an acid reactor in the two-phase system was not required, due to very high levels of SCOD and VFAs produced in the MW-AOP-pretreated solution. As such, a single AD should be able to handle this easily biodegradable substrate following microwave pretreatment.
采用微波强化深度氧化工艺(MW-AOP)对浓缩后的废二次污泥进行厌氧消化(AD)处理。预处理后的溶液中形成大量的可溶性化学需氧量(SCOD)和挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs)。单相和两相系统均可负载高达18.2 g挥发性固体/(l天),同时实现高甲烷产量和高整体处理效率。上流式厌氧毯式反应器和连续搅拌槽式反应器都可以在很短的水力停留时间(短至2天)内运行,没有任何酸化的迹象。结果表明,由于mw - aop预处理溶液中产生了非常高的SCOD和VFAs,因此不需要在两相系统中使用酸性反应器。因此,在微波预处理后,单个AD应该能够处理这种易于生物降解的底物。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science
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