Bo Zhang, Fang Li, Meng Zhang, Zhenzi Yu, Xinyi Wang
In order to reduce the negative impact of mine water gushing on the environment, it is necessary to evaluate the water quality. Taking the Pingdingshan coalfield as the research object, six components including chroma, turbidity, total dissolved solids, total hardness, Cl−, SO4 2− were selected as index factors. Composite weight is calculated by variable weight theory, and the water quality of mine gushing water is evaluated by matter element extension model, fuzzy variable set model, ayesian theory, nemerow index. The deviation of four evaluation methods is calculated based on the specially constructed mathematical model. The research results show that the order of the deviation of the evaluation method from small to large is: fuzzy variable set method (5.5) < matter-element extension method (8) < bayesian statistical method (10) < nemerow index method (17). Fuzzy variable set method is more suitable for Pingdingshan coalfield Mine gushing water quality assessment. We hope this research can provide a certain reference value for the evaluation of mine water quality in the future.
{"title":"Selection of water quality evaluation method of mine water inflow based on multiple methods","authors":"Bo Zhang, Fang Li, Meng Zhang, Zhenzi Yu, Xinyi Wang","doi":"10.1680/jenes.23.00036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jenes.23.00036","url":null,"abstract":"In order to reduce the negative impact of mine water gushing on the environment, it is necessary to evaluate the water quality. Taking the Pingdingshan coalfield as the research object, six components including chroma, turbidity, total dissolved solids, total hardness, Cl−, SO4 2− were selected as index factors. Composite weight is calculated by variable weight theory, and the water quality of mine gushing water is evaluated by matter element extension model, fuzzy variable set model, ayesian theory, nemerow index. The deviation of four evaluation methods is calculated based on the specially constructed mathematical model. The research results show that the order of the deviation of the evaluation method from small to large is: fuzzy variable set method (5.5) < matter-element extension method (8) < bayesian statistical method (10) < nemerow index method (17). Fuzzy variable set method is more suitable for Pingdingshan coalfield Mine gushing water quality assessment. We hope this research can provide a certain reference value for the evaluation of mine water quality in the future.","PeriodicalId":15665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41599313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Kachabi, Imane El Mrabet, Z. Chaouki, F. Khalil, K. Tanji, M. Nawdali, J. Chovelon, C. Ferronato, H. Zaitan
During this work, the characterization of urban wastewater from Fez City consisting mainly of a mixture of industrial and urban discharges and its treatment using the coagulation-flocculation (C-F) process was conducted. Three coagulants were used: lime (Ca(OH)2), ferric chloride (FeCl3), and alum (Al2(SO4)3). FeCl3 achieved the highest reduction of turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and color, thereby the Box-Behnken design was applied to optimize the amount of coagulant and flocculant, and pH. Therefore, the maximum response values were 78%, 98%, and 99% for COD, color, and turbidity, respectively, under the optimal operating conditions: [FeCl3] = 720 mg/L, [flocculant] = 150 mg/L, pH = 7. The operational cost of C-F implemented in this study was estimated at 0.52 US$/m3, proving that it could be a competitive and cost-effective process for the treatment of wastewater. These results will contribute to the existing literature and would be valuable for scaling up the C-F process.
{"title":"Urban wastewater from Fez city: characterization, comparison of three coagulants efficiency, and Box-Behnken design optimization","authors":"M. Kachabi, Imane El Mrabet, Z. Chaouki, F. Khalil, K. Tanji, M. Nawdali, J. Chovelon, C. Ferronato, H. Zaitan","doi":"10.1680/jenes.23.00009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jenes.23.00009","url":null,"abstract":"During this work, the characterization of urban wastewater from Fez City consisting mainly of a mixture of industrial and urban discharges and its treatment using the coagulation-flocculation (C-F) process was conducted. Three coagulants were used: lime (Ca(OH)2), ferric chloride (FeCl3), and alum (Al2(SO4)3). FeCl3 achieved the highest reduction of turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and color, thereby the Box-Behnken design was applied to optimize the amount of coagulant and flocculant, and pH. Therefore, the maximum response values were 78%, 98%, and 99% for COD, color, and turbidity, respectively, under the optimal operating conditions: [FeCl3] = 720 mg/L, [flocculant] = 150 mg/L, pH = 7. The operational cost of C-F implemented in this study was estimated at 0.52 US$/m3, proving that it could be a competitive and cost-effective process for the treatment of wastewater. These results will contribute to the existing literature and would be valuable for scaling up the C-F process.","PeriodicalId":15665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46585120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cyntia de Cassia Muniz Roveri, L. Guimarães, Vinicius Roveri
PAEs (Phthalate Acid Esters) are a group of plasticizing chemical compounds are used in plastic industry worldwide that are well known for their environmental contamination and toxicological effects as endocrine disruptors. In this work, the occurrence and preliminary ecological risk of six PAEs, namely Dimethyl phthalate (DMP), Diethyl phthalate (DEP), Di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP), Butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) were investigated, for the first time, in five urban drainage channels located along the poor nearby outskirts neighbourhoods of the São Vicente city, São Paulo, Brazil, whose diffuse loads flow continuously to estuarine waters of this island. Of these, three congeners DMP (
邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs, Phthalate Acid Esters，简称PAEs)是一组在全球塑料工业中广泛使用的增塑剂化合物，因其对环境的污染和对内分泌的毒理学影响而闻名。在这项工作中，首次调查了六种PAEs的发生和初步生态风险，即邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)，邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)，邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DnOP)，邻苯二甲酸丁苯酯(BBP)，邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)，邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)邻苯二甲酸二(DEHP)。这些PAEs位于巴西圣保罗 o Vicente市贫困郊区附近的五个城市排水通道，它们的扩散负荷不断流入该岛的河口水域。其中，DMP (< LOD-0.023 μg/L)、DEP (< LOD-0.033 μg/L)和DBP (< LOD-0.042 μg/L)三个同系物采用GC-MS /MS(气相色谱仪耦合串联质谱)一致定量。具体而言，DBP的出现表明 o Vicente河口的环境问题，因为结果表明中度风险(对藻类和鱼类)，甲壳类动物急性暴露后的生态风险很高。因此，即使在低浓度下，PAES在该沿海地区的发生也不容忽视。此外，本研究强调需要进一步进行生态毒理学研究(特别是对热带海洋生物)，以评估这些生物活性化合物的毒性。
{"title":"Phthalates in the urban drainage channels on the outskirt of the São Vicente Island (São Paulo, Brazil): occurrence and ecological risk assessment","authors":"Cyntia de Cassia Muniz Roveri, L. Guimarães, Vinicius Roveri","doi":"10.1680/jenes.22.00036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jenes.22.00036","url":null,"abstract":"PAEs (Phthalate Acid Esters) are a group of plasticizing chemical compounds are used in plastic industry worldwide that are well known for their environmental contamination and toxicological effects as endocrine disruptors. In this work, the occurrence and preliminary ecological risk of six PAEs, namely Dimethyl phthalate (DMP), Diethyl phthalate (DEP), Di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP), Butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) were investigated, for the first time, in five urban drainage channels located along the poor nearby outskirts neighbourhoods of the São Vicente city, São Paulo, Brazil, whose diffuse loads flow continuously to estuarine waters of this island. Of these, three congeners DMP (<LOD–0.023 μg/L), DEP (<LOD–0.033 μg/L), and DBP (<LOD–0.042 μg/L) where were consistently quantified using GC–MS/MS (gas chromatograph coupled to a tandem mass spectrometer). Specifically, the DBP occurrence signal environmental concern for São Vicente estuary, because the results suggesting moderate risk (for algae and fishes), and high ecological risk for crustacean after acute exposures. Therefore, even in low concentrations, the occurrence of PAES cannot be neglected in this coastal zone. In addition, the present study reinforces the need for further ecotoxicological studies (especially with tropical marine organisms) to assess the toxicity of these bioactive compounds.","PeriodicalId":15665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47576901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To investigate the enrichment of soil heavy metals, 50 soil samples were collected and the contents of V, Cr, Zn, Pb, Cu and As were measured by X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. The environmental geochemical baseline values of heavy metals are determined by standardized methods, and the pollution and enrichment degrees of heavy metals are evaluated based on geoaccumulation index method and enrichment factor method. The results show that the contents of V, Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb and As vary widely with the mean values of 81.32, 65.54, 17.16, 49.28, 20.04 and 11.68 mg·kg−1, respectively. Among them, except for As, the average values of the other 5 elements are lower than the soil background values of Anhui Province. The results of the standard reference method indicate that the 6 heavy metal elements have a strong correlation with Fe, and the baseline values of heavy metals are 81.33, 65.56, 17.18, 49.29, 20.04 and 11.67 mg·kg−1, respectively. The mean values of I geo for the 6 heavy metals are less than 0, indicating that there is no pollution of heavy metals in the soil of Suzhou. The average enrichment factor is greater than 1, with slight enrichment, and the interference of human activities on soil heavy metals not obvious.
{"title":"Determination of geochemical baseline and pollution enrichment of soil heavy metals in suburb of Suzhou City","authors":"H. Su, Yang Gao, Dongsheng Xu, P. Sun","doi":"10.1680/jenes.23.00022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jenes.23.00022","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate the enrichment of soil heavy metals, 50 soil samples were collected and the contents of V, Cr, Zn, Pb, Cu and As were measured by X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. The environmental geochemical baseline values of heavy metals are determined by standardized methods, and the pollution and enrichment degrees of heavy metals are evaluated based on geoaccumulation index method and enrichment factor method. The results show that the contents of V, Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb and As vary widely with the mean values of 81.32, 65.54, 17.16, 49.28, 20.04 and 11.68 mg·kg−1, respectively. Among them, except for As, the average values of the other 5 elements are lower than the soil background values of Anhui Province. The results of the standard reference method indicate that the 6 heavy metal elements have a strong correlation with Fe, and the baseline values of heavy metals are 81.33, 65.56, 17.18, 49.29, 20.04 and 11.67 mg·kg−1, respectively. The mean values of I geo for the 6 heavy metals are less than 0, indicating that there is no pollution of heavy metals in the soil of Suzhou. The average enrichment factor is greater than 1, with slight enrichment, and the interference of human activities on soil heavy metals not obvious.","PeriodicalId":15665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45453546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhen Ni Jennifer Goh, Kai Xiang Christophyr Yeoh, Tianhua Wang, Yonghai Lu, O. Ng
In our oceans today, there is much concern about the effects of microplastics (MPs) and other emerging contaminants (ECs). Here, we investigate the combinatory effects of microplastics Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) and Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylates crosspolymer (AC) (which are commonly found in face wash), together with 2-phenoxyethanol (an EC commonly used in soaps). The model photosynthetic unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, was used to study the potential of these pollutants to initiate algal blooms. We showed that AC alone resulted in a greater decline in algal biomass as compared to PVC in the short term (14 days). While algal cultures exposed to PVC registered the highest increase in concentrations of Chlorophyll a pigment, it was the combinatory effects of each MP and 2-phenoxyethanol that were most pronounced in terms of the large increase in algal biomass and the formation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Proliferative growths of C. reinhardtii after prolonged exposure to AC-EC contaminants show potential for initiating algal blooms in aquatic environments. Hence, AC should be considered for regulation of wastewater removal into water bodies while other combinations of MPs and ECs should also be investigated.
{"title":"The combinatory effects of microplastics and emerging contaminant on the model green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii","authors":"Zhen Ni Jennifer Goh, Kai Xiang Christophyr Yeoh, Tianhua Wang, Yonghai Lu, O. Ng","doi":"10.1680/jenes.22.00047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jenes.22.00047","url":null,"abstract":"In our oceans today, there is much concern about the effects of microplastics (MPs) and other emerging contaminants (ECs). Here, we investigate the combinatory effects of microplastics Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) and Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylates crosspolymer (AC) (which are commonly found in face wash), together with 2-phenoxyethanol (an EC commonly used in soaps). The model photosynthetic unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, was used to study the potential of these pollutants to initiate algal blooms. We showed that AC alone resulted in a greater decline in algal biomass as compared to PVC in the short term (14 days). While algal cultures exposed to PVC registered the highest increase in concentrations of Chlorophyll a pigment, it was the combinatory effects of each MP and 2-phenoxyethanol that were most pronounced in terms of the large increase in algal biomass and the formation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Proliferative growths of C. reinhardtii after prolonged exposure to AC-EC contaminants show potential for initiating algal blooms in aquatic environments. Hence, AC should be considered for regulation of wastewater removal into water bodies while other combinations of MPs and ECs should also be investigated.","PeriodicalId":15665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44979684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Getenga, E. Mogusu, A. N. Ngige, S. Kimosop, G. Mutua, F. Kengara, S. Reiner, D. Ulrike
Pesticides newly introduced into the soil are normally poorly degraded by the native soil microbes. However, studies have demonstrated that repeated pesticide exposure to the soil microbes potentially enhances their biodegradation through selective enrichment of the pesticide-metabolizing microorganisms, particularly when the compound is used as a C or N and energy source. Enhanced degradation of recalcitrant compounds in soil has a significant environmental impact as the chemicals are less likely to contaminate the environmental ecosystems. We have undertaken several studies to isolate these adapted microbes which rapidly degrade chemicals hitherto known to be recalcitrant in soil. These microbes could potentially be used for bioremediation (bioaugmentation). In addition, other studies have shown the potential to remove pesticide contamination from the environment by use of organic materials locally generated as organic amendments (biostimulation). In this review, the various methods used in the course of our studies in determining the utilization of the selected chemicals (pesticides) by the adapted microbes as a source of C and N for growth and energy are discussed. We also present some of the compounds we have worked with and the successes registered in isolating key degraders of the respective pesticides and the extent the locally generated organic materials are able to enhance the degradation of the respective chemicals in soil.
{"title":"A review on the enhanced degradation of pesticides in tropical agricultural soils","authors":"Z. Getenga, E. Mogusu, A. N. Ngige, S. Kimosop, G. Mutua, F. Kengara, S. Reiner, D. Ulrike","doi":"10.1680/jenes.22.00096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jenes.22.00096","url":null,"abstract":"Pesticides newly introduced into the soil are normally poorly degraded by the native soil microbes. However, studies have demonstrated that repeated pesticide exposure to the soil microbes potentially enhances their biodegradation through selective enrichment of the pesticide-metabolizing microorganisms, particularly when the compound is used as a C or N and energy source. Enhanced degradation of recalcitrant compounds in soil has a significant environmental impact as the chemicals are less likely to contaminate the environmental ecosystems. We have undertaken several studies to isolate these adapted microbes which rapidly degrade chemicals hitherto known to be recalcitrant in soil. These microbes could potentially be used for bioremediation (bioaugmentation). In addition, other studies have shown the potential to remove pesticide contamination from the environment by use of organic materials locally generated as organic amendments (biostimulation). In this review, the various methods used in the course of our studies in determining the utilization of the selected chemicals (pesticides) by the adapted microbes as a source of C and N for growth and energy are discussed. We also present some of the compounds we have worked with and the successes registered in isolating key degraders of the respective pesticides and the extent the locally generated organic materials are able to enhance the degradation of the respective chemicals in soil.","PeriodicalId":15665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43852172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ferrate is a promising environment-friendly water treatment agent due to its multiple functions in water treatment. However, its large-scale application in sewage treatment is limited because of its instability in aqueous solution and the high cost of pure ferrate. This study demonstrated an improved wet oxidation process to synthesize ferrate by oxidizing ferric with calcium hypochlorite (Ca(ClO)2) under alkaline conditions. The effects of reagent dosage and temperature on ferrate (VI) were investigated. The optimum condition for ferrate(VI) synthesis was obtained(1 g of Ca(ClO)2, 5 g of NaOH, and 4 g of FeCl3 in 25 mL of water at 20 °C, and stirring for 30 min). Under the optimum condition, the available chlorine and sodium hydroxide amount was about 1/5 and 1/2 of that of traditional sodium hypochlorite oxidation, respectively. The product was characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was concluded that ferrate was present in the generated ferrate solution. Fresh ferrate had four absorption peaks in the wavelength range of 500-600 nm (508, 525, 545, and 570 nm), which were two more characteristic absorption peaks than pure ferrate (VI) (508 and 570 mm). Low temperature, airtight and shading conditions are conducive to the preservation of fresh ferrate, and the addition of sodium silicate as a stabilizer can increase its stability. At pH 5.0, fresh ferrate could effectively remove methylene blue (MB) and chlorpyrifos in water, and the average removal rate of MB or chlorpyrifos by fresh ferrate was about 55% higher than that by pure ferrate.
{"title":"In situ synthesis of ferrate based on calcium hypochlorite and its application to oxidative degradation of methylene blue and chlorpyrifos in water","authors":"Jiao Zhang, Wenting Zhao, Zhenfeng Zhou","doi":"10.1680/jenes.23.00004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jenes.23.00004","url":null,"abstract":"Ferrate is a promising environment-friendly water treatment agent due to its multiple functions in water treatment. However, its large-scale application in sewage treatment is limited because of its instability in aqueous solution and the high cost of pure ferrate. This study demonstrated an improved wet oxidation process to synthesize ferrate by oxidizing ferric with calcium hypochlorite (Ca(ClO)2) under alkaline conditions. The effects of reagent dosage and temperature on ferrate (VI) were investigated. The optimum condition for ferrate(VI) synthesis was obtained(1 g of Ca(ClO)2, 5 g of NaOH, and 4 g of FeCl3 in 25 mL of water at 20 °C, and stirring for 30 min). Under the optimum condition, the available chlorine and sodium hydroxide amount was about 1/5 and 1/2 of that of traditional sodium hypochlorite oxidation, respectively. The product was characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was concluded that ferrate was present in the generated ferrate solution. Fresh ferrate had four absorption peaks in the wavelength range of 500-600 nm (508, 525, 545, and 570 nm), which were two more characteristic absorption peaks than pure ferrate (VI) (508 and 570 mm). Low temperature, airtight and shading conditions are conducive to the preservation of fresh ferrate, and the addition of sodium silicate as a stabilizer can increase its stability. At pH 5.0, fresh ferrate could effectively remove methylene blue (MB) and chlorpyrifos in water, and the average removal rate of MB or chlorpyrifos by fresh ferrate was about 55% higher than that by pure ferrate.","PeriodicalId":15665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44623211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the study was to determine the use of sugarcane bagasse ash geopolymer (SCBAG) as an adsorbent for organic compounds to reduce the chemical oxygen demand (COD) from vinasse. The effect of solid loading, time and temperature was investigated for the batch adsorption whilst the effect of bed height and flow rate was investigated for the column studies. The adsorption of organic compounds onto SCBAG could be modelled well using the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo second order kinetics. The maximum batch adsorption capacity was 738 mg/g at 298.15 K after 5 h of adsorption. The column studies showed that the highest COD reduction of 81% could be achieved using a flow rate of 2.5 ml/min and a bed height of 13 cm. These conditions gave a dynamic uptake of 107 458 g and a breakthrough time of 600 min. The column studies could best be described using the Bohart-Adams model giving a correlation coefficient of 0.98, a Bohart Adams rate constant of 3.05 ×10−8 L/mg.min and a saturation concentration of 6.93 ×107 g/L. The SCBAG could be regenerated and be used as an adsorbent in 3 cycles without significant loss in adsorption capacity.
{"title":"The reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) from vinasse using a sugar cane bagasse ash geopolymer","authors":"T. Falayi","doi":"10.1680/jenes.22.00061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jenes.22.00061","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to determine the use of sugarcane bagasse ash geopolymer (SCBAG) as an adsorbent for organic compounds to reduce the chemical oxygen demand (COD) from vinasse. The effect of solid loading, time and temperature was investigated for the batch adsorption whilst the effect of bed height and flow rate was investigated for the column studies. The adsorption of organic compounds onto SCBAG could be modelled well using the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo second order kinetics. The maximum batch adsorption capacity was 738 mg/g at 298.15 K after 5 h of adsorption. The column studies showed that the highest COD reduction of 81% could be achieved using a flow rate of 2.5 ml/min and a bed height of 13 cm. These conditions gave a dynamic uptake of 107 458 g and a breakthrough time of 600 min. The column studies could best be described using the Bohart-Adams model giving a correlation coefficient of 0.98, a Bohart Adams rate constant of 3.05 ×10−8 L/mg.min and a saturation concentration of 6.93 ×107 g/L. The SCBAG could be regenerated and be used as an adsorbent in 3 cycles without significant loss in adsorption capacity.","PeriodicalId":15665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41979589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are chemicals that persists in environment, bio-accumulate through the food chain and can exhibit toxic effects with threatening effects to environment, humans and animals. Due to their volatility and semi-volatility, they are found in the air and they have potential of being transported to high altitude mountain locations as well as to high latitude areas. The objectives of this study have been to look into environmental and health impact of the POPs, studies that have covered the transport of the POPs through atmospheric air, water and other POPs sources such as sediments and soils. Thirdly to look into possible solutions that has been put forward regarding POPs removal from the environment. The methodology that was used to look for the references were through the Google, PUBMED, Google Scholar and Research-gate. Initial search retrieved 63 peer reviewed articles and abstracts. The studies revealed that POPs are still in the environment causing health effects through their toxicity. The sources of POPs in humans and animals is through food chain and lipophilic nature of the compounds. Solutions that have been put forward by the studies are: Stop using POPs, substitute POPs with non-toxic chemical compounds and have a wide range of non-chemical alternatives.
{"title":"Effects of persistent organic pollutants on environment, health and mountains: a review","authors":"Gervas E. Assey, E. Mogusu","doi":"10.1680/jenes.22.00089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jenes.22.00089","url":null,"abstract":"Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are chemicals that persists in environment, bio-accumulate through the food chain and can exhibit toxic effects with threatening effects to environment, humans and animals. Due to their volatility and semi-volatility, they are found in the air and they have potential of being transported to high altitude mountain locations as well as to high latitude areas. The objectives of this study have been to look into environmental and health impact of the POPs, studies that have covered the transport of the POPs through atmospheric air, water and other POPs sources such as sediments and soils. Thirdly to look into possible solutions that has been put forward regarding POPs removal from the environment. The methodology that was used to look for the references were through the Google, PUBMED, Google Scholar and Research-gate. Initial search retrieved 63 peer reviewed articles and abstracts. The studies revealed that POPs are still in the environment causing health effects through their toxicity. The sources of POPs in humans and animals is through food chain and lipophilic nature of the compounds. Solutions that have been put forward by the studies are: Stop using POPs, substitute POPs with non-toxic chemical compounds and have a wide range of non-chemical alternatives.","PeriodicalId":15665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45977336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The biological purification of municipal wastewater as an organic waste with a low C/N ratio was explored in the presence of a carbon-rich lignocellulose substrate with a high C/N ratio in this study. The composition of the substrates is optimized to get the best biogas yield while maintaining reactor stability. The best composition was modeled and determined using response surface methods and mixture design. The findings revealed that anaerobic co-digestion of municipal wastewater with high C/N ratio substrates like sugarcane plants and wasted black tea improves biogas generation. This behavior was observed in reactors with more than 70 % w/w cane waste in this study’s testing. Spent black tea as a co-substrate is suitable for co-digestion with municipal wastewater. But the presence of this substance with a high percentage in combination due to the antibacterial properties of polyphenol and tannins in it leads to the loss of useful microorganisms of anaerobic digestion and reduces biogas production yield. The best substrate composition contains 25 % w/w of the lignocellulose waste of sugar cane, 34 % w/w spent black tea, and 41 % w/w municipal wastewater, which produced 239 mL/g VS of biogas.
{"title":"The effect of lignocellulosic waste on biological treatment of municipal wastewater in anaerobic digestion process","authors":"M. Rasouli, H. Babaei, Behnam Ataeiyan","doi":"10.1680/jenes.22.00060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1680/jenes.22.00060","url":null,"abstract":"The biological purification of municipal wastewater as an organic waste with a low C/N ratio was explored in the presence of a carbon-rich lignocellulose substrate with a high C/N ratio in this study. The composition of the substrates is optimized to get the best biogas yield while maintaining reactor stability. The best composition was modeled and determined using response surface methods and mixture design. The findings revealed that anaerobic co-digestion of municipal wastewater with high C/N ratio substrates like sugarcane plants and wasted black tea improves biogas generation. This behavior was observed in reactors with more than 70 % w/w cane waste in this study’s testing. Spent black tea as a co-substrate is suitable for co-digestion with municipal wastewater. But the presence of this substance with a high percentage in combination due to the antibacterial properties of polyphenol and tannins in it leads to the loss of useful microorganisms of anaerobic digestion and reduces biogas production yield. The best substrate composition contains 25 % w/w of the lignocellulose waste of sugar cane, 34 % w/w spent black tea, and 41 % w/w municipal wastewater, which produced 239 mL/g VS of biogas.","PeriodicalId":15665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43296888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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