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IF 0.7 Q4 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1680/jenes.2022.17.4.155
J. Meegoda
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引用次数: 0
Monitoring, control, and reduction of bioaerosols in the intensive care unit 重症监护室生物气溶胶的监测、控制和减少
IF 0.7 Q4 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2022-10-24 DOI: 10.1680/jenes.22.00002
S. Lakestani, İ. Çakır, H. Gozdas, I. Yildiz, A. Demirhan
Maintaining high indoor air quality in hospitals is important for protecting the health of both personnel and patients. In this study, the results of air quality monitoring carried out in the intensive care unit of a hospital in Bolu, Turkey, are discussed. Air disinfection devices were used to reduce the concentrations of bacteria. A four-week sampling program was implemented. In the first and the last weeks of the sampling, the disinfection devices were turned off, while in the second and third weeks they were turned on. Bioaerosols were collected and their indoor levels were determined by counting all plate colonies and bacterial types were identified by MALDI-TOF-MS. The highest levels of bacteria were measured in the mornings and before the air disinfection devices were turned on. Doctors do their rounds at approximately 9-10 o’clock. The dominant bacteria in the air samples examined were Staphylococcus hominis, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus capitis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Corynebacterium afermentans, and Staphylococcus haemolyticus. The results showed that the air disinfection devices were effective in decreasing the concentration of microorganisms between 83.4%- 55% in the intensive care unit, which is very important for the healthcare staff and patients, especially during pandemics.
在医院保持高室内空气质量对于保护工作人员和患者的健康非常重要。在这项研究中,讨论了土耳其博卢一家医院重症监护室的空气质量监测结果。空气消毒装置被用来降低细菌的浓度。实施了为期四周的抽样计划。在采样的第一周和最后一周,消毒装置被关闭,而在第二周和第三周,它们被打开。收集生物气溶胶,通过计数所有菌落来确定其室内水平,并通过MALDI-TOF-MS鉴定细菌类型。细菌的最高水平是在早上和打开空气消毒设备之前测量的。医生大约在9-10点巡视。检测的空气样本中的优势细菌为人葡萄球菌、黄体微球菌、头葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、非发酵棒状杆菌和溶血葡萄球菌。结果表明,空气消毒设备可以有效地将重症监护室的微生物浓度降低83.4%-55%,这对医护人员和患者非常重要,尤其是在大流行期间。
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引用次数: 0
Thermodynamic and kinetic studies for the adsorption of malachite green from textile water, using a low-cost natural material, diatomite 利用低成本天然材料硅藻土对纺织水中孔雀石绿的吸附进行了热力学和动力学研究
IF 0.7 Q4 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2022-10-20 DOI: 10.1680/jenes.22.00037
M. Hadri, K. Draoui, L. Bounab, M. Hamdaoui, Hikmat Douhri, Imane Kouda, H. Zaitan
Pollution by dyes is one of the main pollution of industrial effluents. In this research we examined Moroccan diatomite (DT) as a low cost adsorbent to remove one of these dangerous dyes, malachite green (MG). BET, SEM, pHpzc and XRD were used to assess the characterization of diatomite. The studies were carried out at different levels, of pH, diatomite mass and MG concentrations, with a temperature of 25°C. Equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamic characteristics were also studied. Results show that the diatomite consisted of an integrated and nearly circular sieve plate with many small ordered pores, giving it a high specific surface area of 17.36 m2 g−1. The ideal pH was found to be 7, with a saturation period of 90 minutes. The results indicate that MG removal increased accordingly as pH increased and also as adsorbent mass increased. The results of the isotherms showed that the Langmuir model is the most adequate, while the adsorption of MG was better characterized by the monolayer. The maximum adsorption capacity obtained from Langmuir is about 22.17 mg. g−1 at 25°C. Kinetic studies were indicated as the pseudo-second-order and most adequate model. He also revealed that intra-particle diffusion was not the only rate-controlling step. The thermodynamic data concluded that the adsorption was endothermic, i.e., adsorption is more favorable at high temperatures. Research has confirmed the applicability of diatomite as an effective adsorbent and an inexpensive process for removing hazardous materials.
染料污染是工业废水的主要污染之一。在这项研究中,我们研究了摩洛哥硅藻土(DT)作为一种低成本吸附剂来去除这些危险染料之一孔雀石绿(MG)。利用BET、SEM、pHpzc和XRD对硅藻土的性能进行了表征。研究在25°C的温度下,在pH、硅藻土质量和MG浓度的不同水平下进行。并对其平衡、动力学和热力学特性进行了研究。结果表明,硅藻土由一个完整的、几乎圆形的筛网组成,具有许多小的有序孔,使其具有17.36的高比表面积 m2 g−1。发现理想的pH为7,饱和期为90分钟。结果表明,MG的去除率随着pH值的增加和吸附剂质量的增加而相应增加。等温线结果表明,Langmuir模型是最合适的,而单分子层对MG的吸附更好。从Langmuir获得的最大吸附容量约为22.17 mg·g−1,温度为25°C。动力学研究被认为是伪二阶和最合适的模型。他还透露,粒子内扩散并不是唯一的速率控制步骤。热力学数据表明,吸附是吸热的,即在高温下吸附更有利。研究证实了硅藻土作为一种有效的吸附剂和一种廉价的去除有害物质的工艺的适用性。
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引用次数: 0
Green synthesis and application of Fe/Cu bimetallic nanoparticles for removal of direct blue dye by Fenton-like process Fe/Cu双金属纳米颗粒的绿色合成及其在fenton法脱除蓝色染料中的应用
IF 0.7 Q4 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2022-10-17 DOI: 10.1680/jenes.22.00025
M. Atiya, A. K. Hassan, Zainab A. Mahmoud
This study relates to synthesizing the bentonite support iron/copper nanoparticles by biosynthesis method using eucalyptus plant leaves extract which was then named (E-Fe/Cu@B-NPs). The synthesized E-Fe/Cu@B-NPs were examined by a set of experiments of heterogeneous Fenton-like process through removing direct blue 15 dye (DB15) from wastewater. The characterization methods were employed on E-Fe/Cu@B-NPs by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), BET, zeta potential (ZP), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) on the resultant nanoparticles were also checked to ensure the functional groups of the E-Fe/Cu@B-NPs. Some of the operation condition parameters were optimized using Box-Behnken design (BBD) in the batch experiments, these parameters were pH, H2O2 dosage, E-Fe/Cu@B-NPs dosage, initial DB15 concentration, and temperature. The result showed that 94.32% of 57.5 mg/L of DB15 was degraded within 60 minutes with an optimum H2O2 dosage of 7.5 mmol/L, E-Fe/Cu@B-NPs dosage 0.55 g/L, pH 3.5, and temperature 50°C. The kinetic study indicated that the DB15 degradation kinetics were fitted to the second-order kinetic model and the thermodynamic factors proved the non-spontaneous, endothermic, and endergonic process with activation energy E a of 62.961 kJ/mol.
本研究以桉叶提取物为原料,采用生物合成方法合成膨润土载体铁/铜纳米颗粒,并将其命名为(E-Fe/Cu@B-NPs)。通过非均相Fenton-like工艺脱除废水中的直接蓝15染料(DB15),对合成的E-Fe/Cu@B-NPs进行了研究。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、BET、ZP (ZP)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和原子力显微镜(AFM)等表征方法对E-Fe/Cu@B-NPs纳米颗粒进行表征,确定E-Fe/Cu@B-NPs的官能团。在批量实验中,采用Box-Behnken设计(BBD)对pH、H2O2投加量、E-Fe/Cu@B-NPs投加量、DB15初始浓度和温度进行优化。结果表明,在H2O2用量为7.5 mmol/L、E-Fe/Cu@B-NPs用量为0.55 g/L、pH为3.5、温度为50℃的条件下,60 min内DB15的降解率为94.32%。动力学研究表明,DB15的降解动力学符合二级动力学模型,热力学因素表明这是一个非自发、吸热、自耗的过程,活化能ea为62.961 kJ/mol。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of toxicity and electrochemical sensing of arsenic in aqueous sources 水源中砷的毒性评估和电化学传感
IF 0.7 Q4 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2022-10-03 DOI: 10.1680/jenes.22.00011
Goverdhan Singh, Nisha, Anil Kumar, P. Prasher, Harish Mudila
A variety of contaminants including heavy metals present in potable water cause numerous health hazards. Arsenic is studied as one of the chief hazardous heavy elements for human beings and other categories of life. Arsenic as a natural constituent of the earth’s crust is present in mineral rocks which are deposited via various natural processes. Apart, Arsenic is also added to groundwater anthropogenically via the burning of fossil fuels, arsenical agrochemicals, wood preservatives, etc. As III and As V are the toxic inorganic forms in aqueous solution and are responsible for cancer, arsenicosis, vascular diseases, and toxicity related to genes, cells, epidemiology, etc. In view of these problems, it is obligatory to detect and decontaminate the potable water from Arsenic contaminations. In this article, a brief description has been given of the most significant electrochemical method due to its advantages like robust, fast, accurate, and less complicated, also techniques such as DPV, SWV, SCP, ASV, and CV had kept the electrochemical method as a diverse and advance technique for sensing process. In addition, the details of the determination and decontamination of Arsenic in potable water via an electrochemical process with a particular focus on SWV and CV.
包括重金属在内的各种污染物存在于饮用水中,造成许多健康危害。砷被研究为对人类和其他种类生命的主要有害重元素之一。砷作为地壳的天然成分存在于通过各种自然过程沉积的矿物岩石中。此外,砷还通过燃烧化石燃料、含砷农用化学品、木材防腐剂等人为方式被添加到地下水中。As III和As V是水溶液中的有毒无机形态,与癌症、砷中毒、血管疾病以及与基因、细胞、流行病学等相关的毒性有关。鉴于这些问题,对饮用水砷污染进行检测和净化势在必行。本文简要介绍了电化学方法鲁棒、快速、准确、简单等优点,以及DPV、SWV、SCP、ASV、CV等技术使电化学方法保持了传感技术的多样性和先进性。此外,还详细介绍了通过电化学过程对饮用水中砷的测定和去污,重点介绍了SWV和CV。
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引用次数: 0
The effect of soil types on the phytoremediation of heavy metals by Phragmites australis 土壤类型对芦苇植物修复重金属的影响
IF 0.7 Q4 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2022-10-03 DOI: 10.1680/jenes.22.00020
S. Wiafe, Sarah Fanny Hackman Duncan, E. Boakye, Samuel Yeboah Baako
The remediation of heavy metals from contaminated sites by the application of phytoextraction is proving to be efficient and cost-effective. A pot experiment was conducted to ascertain the effect of soil types (Sand, Loam and Clay) in the remediation of Cu, Cr and Hg using Phragmites australis. The results obtained throughout 60days of the plant’s growth showed that Cu absorption in the roots of the plant in sandy, loamy and clayey soils was; 47 mg/kg, 79.1 mg/kg and 96 mg/kg respectively. Cr absorption in the roots of the plant in sandy, loamy and clayey soils was 136 mg/kg, 180 mg/kg and 353 mg/kg respectively whilst that of Hg absorption in sand, loam and clay were 11.7 mg/kg, 14. mg/kg 8 and 19.3 mg/kg. The translocation factor for all the metals in the three soil types was less than one, however, the Bioaccumulation Factor (BAF) in all cases were more than one. The study concluded that the accumulation of Cr in the tissues of the plant was more pronounced than Cu and Hg. Clayey soil proved to be the favourable soil required for the effective remediation of the metals into the tissues of the plant.
事实证明,利用植物提取法对污染场地的重金属进行修复是有效和具有成本效益的。通过盆栽试验,确定了土壤类型(沙、壤土和粘土)对芦苇修复Cu、Cr和Hg的影响。在植物生长的60天内获得的结果表明,在沙质、壤土和粘质土壤中,植物根部对铜的吸收为;47 mg/kg,79.1 mg/kg和96 mg/kg。在沙质、壤土和粘性土壤中,植物根部对铬的吸收量为136 mg/kg,180 mg/kg和353 汞在砂、壤土和粘土中的吸收率分别为11.7 mg/kg、14。 mg/kg 8和19.3 mg/kg。三种土壤类型中所有金属的迁移因子均小于1,但所有情况下的生物累积因子均大于1。研究得出结论,Cr在植物组织中的积累比Cu和Hg更明显。粘土被证明是有效修复植物组织中金属所需的有利土壤。
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引用次数: 0
Advanced oxidation processes for treating raw leachate: an experimental study 处理原渗滤液的高级氧化工艺:实验研究
IF 0.7 Q4 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2022-08-31 DOI: 10.1680/jenes.22.00016
Ruqaya Al-Syabi, A. Izady, M. Baawain, A. Al-Mamun, Mingjie Chen
Management of municipal solid waste leachate has become an urgent environmental problem in many countries due to the high growth of population and consumption trends. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are efficient methods to treat leachate because of their high ability to reduce unpleasant parameters. Although the simultaneous application of different AOPs methods is more effective than a single process, the simultaneous application of AOPs for the treatment of municipal solid waste leachate has received little attention. To fill this knowledge gap, this study presents the simultaneous application of AOPs methods to treat municipal solid waste leachate. The efficiency of AOPs was studied in terms of organic compounds such as chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC). Leachate samples were collected from the Barka landfill, which is located in the northeast of Oman. Four combinations of applied AOPs methods (e.g. ozone (O3), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and ultraviolet (UV)) in this study resulted in the order of H2O2/O3/UV > H2O2/O3 > O3/UV3 > H2O2/UV according to the COD removal efficiency. Combining these AOPs methods resulted in about 1.5 times increase in COD removal (56.62%) and 1.9 times increase in TOC removal (39.34%) compared to the individual applications.
由于人口的高速增长和消费趋势,城市固体废物渗滤液的管理已成为许多国家迫切需要解决的环境问题。高级氧化工艺(AOPs)是处理渗滤液的有效方法,因为它具有降低不良参数的高能力。虽然不同AOPs方法同时应用比单一工艺更有效,但同时应用AOPs处理城市生活垃圾渗滤液的研究很少受到关注。为了填补这一知识空白,本研究提出了同时应用AOPs方法处理城市生活垃圾渗滤液。以化学需氧量(COD)和总有机碳(TOC)为指标,研究了AOPs的效率。渗滤液样本是从位于阿曼东北部的巴尔卡垃圾填埋场收集的。本研究采用臭氧(O3)、过氧化氢(H2O2)、紫外线(UV)四种AOPs方法组合,根据COD去除率排序为H2O2/O3/UV > H2O2/O3 > O3/UV3 > H2O2/UV。综合使用这些AOPs方法,COD去除率提高1.5倍(56.62%),TOC去除率提高1.9倍(39.34%)。
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引用次数: 0
Synthesis of amorphous adsorbent derived from geothermal solid waste for methylene blue removal 地热固体废弃物无定形亚甲蓝吸附剂的合成
IF 0.7 Q4 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2022-08-05 DOI: 10.1680/jenes.21.00082
J. Philia, W. Widayat, S. Sulardjaka
Organic compounds like dyes and heavy metal ions are common pollutants in wastewater that have become a global problem. Adsorption has proven to be a successful technique in removing organic species such as methylene blue. Geothermal solid waste has the potential to be used as an adsorbent due to its silica content. Silica compound in the geothermal waste is the potential to be developed as porous material. Aluminum hydroxide and geothermal solid waste were added to the aqueous alkali (NaOH) in the continuous stirred tank reactor, then resulted an amorphous mesoporous material of the natrolite phase. The performance of the geoadsorbent was evaluated through the removal of various concentrations of methylene blue, and isotherm adsorption models evaluated the data. The adsorption mechanisms of the MB removal by geoadsorbent shown by FT-IR spectra are electrostatic attraction and hydrogen-bond formations. The geoadsorbent can remove methylene blue up to 84.449%, which the initial concentration of MB is highly dependent on adsorption. The Langmuir isotherm model provides the most accurate representation of methylene blue adsorption as a result of the physical process. with a correlation coefficient of 0.971.
染料和重金属离子等有机化合物是废水中常见的污染物,已成为全球性问题。吸附已被证明是去除亚甲基蓝等有机物质的一种成功技术。地热固体废物由于其二氧化硅含量而具有作为吸附剂的潜力。地热废弃物中的硅化合物是一种极具开发潜力的多孔材料。在连续搅拌槽式反应器中,将氢氧化铝和地热固体废弃物加入到碱水(NaOH)中,得到了钠石相的无定形介孔材料。通过对不同浓度亚甲基蓝的去除来评价地质体吸附剂的性能,并用等温吸附模型对数据进行了评价。红外光谱分析表明,地吸附剂的吸附机理是静电吸引和氢键形成。地源吸附剂对亚甲基蓝的去除率高达84.449%,且亚甲基蓝的初始浓度高度依赖于吸附。Langmuir等温线模型提供了亚甲基蓝吸附作为物理过程的结果的最准确的表示。相关系数为0.971。
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引用次数: 1
Adsorption of dye using natural clay from water 用天然粘土从水中吸附染料
IF 0.7 Q4 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2022-07-18 DOI: 10.1680/jenes.21.00051
M. Bourouiss, M. Djebbar, F. Djafri
Removal of the dye Methylene Blue from water at different concentrations, adsorbent pH and times was investigated. The natural clay was treated by cation exchange, which was confirmed by XRD and IR analyzes. Experimental results have shown that the high pH promotes adsorption. The adsorption isotherms are described by the equation of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. It is important to note that the quantity of CaO corresponding to calcite is higher in natural clay (9.7 % by weight) compared to Na-montmorillonite fraction (2.01% weight). It clearly shows that the clay dhkl spacing increased from d = 13.58 to d = 17 Å, which could be attributed to natural clay and Na-montmorillonite which confirms good clay purification. The maximum capacity of dyes adsorbed on Natural clay and Na-monmorillonite (Qmax) are (142.85 to 250 mg g−1) and (80 to 277.77 mg g−1) respectively. The correlation coefficients R2 = 0.99 of the Freundlich and Langmuir model for natural clays and Na-montmorillonte have the same values this indicates that the two models are best for the adsorption of dye Methylene Blue on natural clay and Na -montmorillonite.
研究了不同浓度、吸附剂pH和吸附时间对染料亚甲基蓝的去除效果。对天然粘土进行了阳离子交换处理,XRD和IR分析证实了这一点。实验结果表明,高pH值有利于吸附。吸附等温线用Langmuir和Freundlich等温线方程描述。值得注意的是,与钠蒙脱石部分(2.01%重量)相比,天然粘土中对应于方解石的CaO的量(9.7%重量)更高。这清楚地表明,粘土dhkl间距从d=13.58增加到d=17 Å,这可以归因于天然粘土和钠蒙脱石,这证实了良好的粘土纯化。染料在天然粘土和钠蒙脱石上的最大吸附量(Qmax)为(142.85-250) mg g−1)和(80至277.77 mg g−1)。Freundlich和Langmuir模型对天然粘土和钠蒙脱石的相关系数R2=0.99相同,这表明这两个模型最适合染料亚甲基蓝在天然粘土和纳蒙脱石上的吸附。
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引用次数: 0
Micro-plastic pollution in aquatic environment in Africa: status, challenges and emerging opportunities 非洲水生环境中的微塑料污染:现状、挑战和新机遇
IF 0.7 Q4 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2022-05-31 DOI: 10.1680/jenes.22.00003
Cornelius B. Mushumbusi, G. Minja, E. Mogusu, D. Kimaro
The global demand of plastics has increased majorly because of their versatility, light weight, strength and cost-effectiveness. Africa is ranked top in mismanagement of plastics waste resulting to plastic problem in the environment. Nevertheless, plastics produce micro-plastics through degradation and fragmentation of plastic debris largely from anthropogenic sources. Micro-plastics have become ubiquitous in the natural environment and terrestrial environment is the major source. The propensity of micro-plastics to adsorb and concentrate persistent organic pollutants (POPs) provides potential health effects in the different tropical levels of organisms both in aquatic and territorial environments. Thus, the fate of micro-plastics is increasingly becoming a global concern. Despite the numerous global studies on the impact of micro-plastics in the environment, there is insufficient data available on the occurrence, distribution of micro-plastics and associated health effects in aquatic ecosystems in Africa. The reviewed research articles from 2000 – 2021 provide a summary of the current knowledge on the occurrence and distribution of micro-plastics, analytical approaches used to detect and quantify micro-plastics, associated health effects and mitigation measures through government policy to ban plastic use in Africa. The findings presented, provide a platform for future research to focus on the associated effects of adsorbed and concentrated persistent organic pollutants on micro-plastics in aquatic environments in Africa. With the evidence presented policy makers will make more informed decision on the future of plastics in Africa. We recommend improving information and expanding knowledge through research on the fate and potential ecological impact of micro-plastics in aquatic environments in Africa.
全球对塑料的需求增长主要是因为它们的多功能性、重量轻、强度和成本效益。非洲在塑料垃圾管理不善导致环境中的塑料问题方面排名第一。尽管如此,塑料通过降解和破碎主要来自人为来源的塑料碎片来生产微塑料。微塑料已经在自然环境中无处不在,陆地环境是其主要来源。微塑料吸附和浓缩持久性有机污染物的倾向对水生和领土环境中不同热带水平的生物体的健康产生了潜在影响。因此,微塑料的命运正日益成为全球关注的问题。尽管对微塑料对环境的影响进行了大量的全球研究,但关于微塑料在非洲水生生态系统中的发生、分布和相关健康影响的数据不足。回顾了2000-2001年的研究文章,总结了目前关于微塑料的发生和分布、用于检测和量化微塑料的分析方法、相关的健康影响以及通过政府政策在非洲禁止使用塑料的缓解措施的知识。所提出的研究结果为未来的研究提供了一个平台,重点关注非洲水生环境中吸附和浓缩的持久性有机污染物对微塑料的相关影响。有了这些证据,政策制定者将对非洲塑料的未来做出更明智的决定。我们建议通过研究微塑料在非洲水生环境中的命运和潜在生态影响来改善信息并扩大知识。
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引用次数: 1
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