Journal of environmental radioactivity最新文献_第7页

Optimized simulation research of a plastic scintillation fiber array tritium detector in water 塑料闪烁光纤阵列水中氚探测器的优化仿真研究。

IF 2.1 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of environmental radioactivity

Pub Date : 2025-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107833

Wenyu Cheng , Jie Liang , Lianji Wang , Yingchao Liang , Songjie Shi , Liangzhou Zou , Jun Yang , Zhirong Guo

Real-time monitoring of tritium in water is critical for nuclear safety, yet current liquid scintillation techniques are limited by poor portability and delayed results. Existing online detectors exhibit limited sensitivity (>10³ Bq L⁻¹), insufficient for regulatory limits (100 Bq L⁻¹). In this study, we present the design and simulation-based optimization of an online plastic scintillation fiber (PSF) array detector for tritium detection, using Geant4-based Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. Key parameters (PSF spacing: 0.1–1 mm, length: 50–500 mm, radius: 0.2–0.5 mm) were investigated to maximize detection efficiency. Environmental background from gamma and cosmic muons was suppressed by a combined 2 cm lead (Pb) shielding and low-energy signal filtering, achieving 94 % background reduction. A hexagonal close-packed PSF array with 0.3 mm spacing and 250 mm length achieved balanced photon deposition. Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) were evaluated as a replacement for traditional photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), offering a higher photon detection efficiency (0.5 vs. 0.2) and reducing optical crosstalk by 27 % (3.3 % vs. 4.5 %). A modular 3 × 3 detector array (500 mm PSF length) achieved a minimum detectable activity (MDA) of 10 Bq L⁻¹ within 600 s of acquisition time, meeting Chinese (GB 6249-2011) and European (2013/51/Euratom) standards. This study demonstrates the feasibility of a compact, field-deployable PSF-based detector for real-time tritium monitoring., high-sensitivity tritium monitoring capability, resolving the critical gap between laboratory methods and regulatory requirements.

实时监测水中氚对核安全至关重要，但目前的液体闪烁技术受到便携性差和结果延迟的限制。现有的在线检测器具有有限的灵敏度（bbb103bq -1），不足以满足法规限制（100bq -1）。在这项研究中，我们利用基于geant4的蒙特卡罗（MC）模拟，设计和优化了用于氚检测的在线塑料闪烁光纤（PSF）阵列探测器。关键参数（PSF间距：0.1-1 mm，长度：50-500 mm，半径：0.2-0.5 mm）进行研究，以最大限度地提高检测效率。来自伽马和宇宙μ子的环境背景被2厘米铅（Pb）屏蔽和低能信号滤波抑制，达到94%的背景降低。采用间距为0.3 mm、长度为250 mm的六边形紧密排列的PSF阵列实现了光子的平衡沉积。硅光电倍增管（SiPMs）被评估为传统光电倍增管（pmt）的替代品，提供更高的光子探测效率（0.5 vs. 0.2），并将光串扰减少27% （3.3% vs. 4.5%）。模块化3 × 3探测器阵列（500 mm PSF长度）在600秒的采集时间内实现了10 Bq L-1的最小可检测活性（MDA），满足中国（GB 6249-2011）和欧洲（2013/51/Euratom）标准。该研究证明了一种紧凑的、可现场部署的基于psf的实时氚监测探测器的可行性。，高灵敏度的氚监测能力，解决了实验室方法与监管要求之间的关键差距。

{"title":"Optimized simulation research of a plastic scintillation fiber array tritium detector in water","authors":"Wenyu Cheng , Jie Liang , Lianji Wang , Yingchao Liang , Songjie Shi , Liangzhou Zou , Jun Yang , Zhirong Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107833","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107833","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Real-time monitoring of tritium in water is critical for nuclear safety, yet current liquid scintillation techniques are limited by poor portability and delayed results. Existing online detectors exhibit limited sensitivity (>10<sup>3</sup> Bq L<sup>−1</sup>), insufficient for regulatory limits (100 Bq L<sup>−1</sup>). In this study, we present the design and simulation-based optimization of an online plastic scintillation fiber (PSF) array detector for tritium detection, using Geant4-based Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. Key parameters (PSF spacing: 0.1–1 mm, length: 50–500 mm, radius: 0.2–0.5 mm) were investigated to maximize detection efficiency. Environmental background from gamma and cosmic muons was suppressed by a combined 2 cm lead (Pb) shielding and low-energy signal filtering, achieving 94 % background reduction. A hexagonal close-packed PSF array with 0.3 mm spacing and 250 mm length achieved balanced photon deposition. Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) were evaluated as a replacement for traditional photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), offering a higher photon detection efficiency (0.5 vs. 0.2) and reducing optical crosstalk by 27 % (3.3 % vs. 4.5 %). A modular 3 × 3 detector array (500 mm PSF length) achieved a minimum detectable activity (MDA) of 10 Bq L<sup>−1</sup> within 600 s of acquisition time, meeting Chinese (GB 6249-2011) and European (2013/51/Euratom) standards. This study demonstrates the feasibility of a compact, field-deployable PSF-based detector for real-time tritium monitoring., high-sensitivity tritium monitoring capability, resolving the critical gap between laboratory methods and regulatory requirements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 107833"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145354925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Radon release behavior of uranium ore submerged in water under different temperatures 不同温度下浸没在水中的铀矿石氡释放行为

IF 2.1 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of environmental radioactivity

Pub Date : 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107841

Xianfa Mao, Zhongkai Fan, Ruomei Xie, Xinyue Yang, Shicheng Luo, Hongbo Xu, Feng Xiao, Chenxi Zu, Hongzhi Yuan, Yanliang Tan

Radon (Rn-222) released by the decay of Ra-226 in uranium ores may cause potential radiation risks in the water environment. However, the migration behaviour characterised by the low diffusion coefficient of radon in water and the slow change in concentration is still lacking systematic research. This study investigates the radon release behavior of uranium ore in water under different temperature conditions (20–32 °C). A closed-loop measurement system combined with a bubbling method was established, utilizing a RAD7 radon detector. A nonlinear model was developed to describe the time-dependent measured radon concentration, and the radon release rate was obtained through nonlinear fitting. Experiments were conducted under five temperature conditions ranging from 20 °C to 32 °C. The Results showed that the proposed model achieved high fitting accuracy (R² > 0.95) across all conditions. The radon release rate increased significantly with temperature, rising from 0.210 ± 0.006 mBq s⁻¹ to 0.391 ± 0.019 mBq s⁻¹ within the range of 20 °C–32 °C, an increase of 86 %. Further analysis shows that the radon release rate of uranium ore in water has a good linear relationship with temperature, indicating that temperature is an important factor affecting the radon release behavior. The methods and models proposed in this paper can effectively depict the radon release behavior of uranium ores in water environments and are suitable for related experimental designs to assess environmental radiation risks.

铀矿石中Ra-226衰变释放的氡（Rn-222）可能对水环境造成潜在的辐射风险。然而，氡在水中的扩散系数低、浓度变化缓慢的迁移行为尚缺乏系统的研究。研究了不同温度条件下（20 ~ 32℃）铀矿石在水中的氡释放行为。利用RAD7型氡探测器，建立了鼓泡法相结合的闭环测量系统。建立了氡浓度随时间变化的非线性模型，并通过非线性拟合得到了氡释放率。实验在20℃~ 32℃五种温度条件下进行。结果表明，该模型在所有条件下均具有较高的拟合精度（R2 > 0.95）。氡释放率随温度的升高而显著增加，在20℃~ 32℃范围内，氡释放率从0.210±0.006 mBq s-1上升到0.391±0.019 mBq s-1，增加了86%。进一步分析表明，水中铀矿石的氡释放速率与温度呈良好的线性关系，说明温度是影响水中铀矿石氡释放行为的重要因素。本文提出的方法和模型可以有效地描述水环境中铀矿石的氡释放行为，适用于环境辐射风险评价的相关实验设计。

{"title":"Radon release behavior of uranium ore submerged in water under different temperatures","authors":"Xianfa Mao, Zhongkai Fan, Ruomei Xie, Xinyue Yang, Shicheng Luo, Hongbo Xu, Feng Xiao, Chenxi Zu, Hongzhi Yuan, Yanliang Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107841","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107841","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radon (Rn-222) released by the decay of Ra-226 in uranium ores may cause potential radiation risks in the water environment. However, the migration behaviour characterised by the low diffusion coefficient of radon in water and the slow change in concentration is still lacking systematic research. This study investigates the radon release behavior of uranium ore in water under different temperature conditions (20–32 °C). A closed-loop measurement system combined with a bubbling method was established, utilizing a RAD7 radon detector. A nonlinear model was developed to describe the time-dependent measured radon concentration, and the radon release rate was obtained through nonlinear fitting. Experiments were conducted under five temperature conditions ranging from 20 °C to 32 °C. The Results showed that the proposed model achieved high fitting accuracy (R<sup>2</sup> > 0.95) across all conditions. The radon release rate increased significantly with temperature, rising from 0.210 ± 0.006 mBq s<sup>−1</sup> to 0.391 ± 0.019 mBq s<sup>−1</sup> within the range of 20 °C–32 °C, an increase of 86 %. Further analysis shows that the radon release rate of uranium ore in water has a good linear relationship with temperature, indicating that temperature is an important factor affecting the radon release behavior. The methods and models proposed in this paper can effectively depict the radon release behavior of uranium ores in water environments and are suitable for related experimental designs to assess environmental radiation risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 107841"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145318330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Estimation of 90Sr and 137Cs activity concentrations in Chornobyl wood: significance of factors and classical vs. machine learning methods 估计切尔诺贝利木材中90Sr和137Cs活性浓度：因素和经典与机器学习方法的意义。

IF 2.1 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of environmental radioactivity

Pub Date : 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107839

D. Holiaka , Y. Igarashi , V. Yoschenko , R. Zadorozhniuk , S. Levchuk , M. Holiaka , O. Kiva , J.T. Smith , D.H. Oughton , V. Morozova , O. Lesnik , I. Chyzhevskyi , P. Diachuk , H. Kato , Y. Onda , V. Kashparov

The Chornobyl forests have undergone significant ecological transformation since the 1986 accident. Despite this, harvested wood from the region continues to be used for economic purposes. This study aimed to assess the importance of forest site characteristics, as well as the predictive capabilities of classical and machine learning (ML) methods, for estimating the content of ⁹⁰Sr and ¹³⁷Cs in wood.

A total of 205 circular sample plots were created across contrasting forest stands, where trunk wood and mineral soil samples were collected and analyzed. Aggregated transfer factors for the studied radionuclides showed wide variability. The highest ⁹⁰Sr transfer was observed in pine and birch that were growing on dry, nutrient-poor soils. The average stand diameter was significantly correlated with ⁹⁰Sr content in wood, while soil fertility showed a consistent inverse relationship with the translocation of both ⁹⁰Sr and ¹³⁷Cs. Extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) models were trained to predict radionuclide concentrations based on site characteristics. Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) analysis of the parameterized ML algorithms revealed that soil contamination density, stand diameter, tree age, and dose rate were the most important predictors, whereas tree species had limited explanatory power. XGBoost outperformed classical T_ag-based approaches for ¹³⁷Cs and achieved comparable performance for ⁹⁰Sr in predicting radionuclide activity concentrations in trunk wood. Obtained results demonstrate the value of incorporating forest features into ML algorithms for improving the assessment of radionuclide contamination in forest biomass and provide new insights into the relative importance of site characteristics in determining ⁹⁰Sr and ¹³⁷Cs accumulation in trees.

自1986年事故以来，切尔诺贝利森林经历了重大的生态转变。尽管如此，从该地区采伐的木材继续用于经济目的。本研究旨在评估森林立地特征的重要性，以及经典方法和机器学习（ML）方法在估算木材中90Sr和137Cs含量方面的预测能力。在对比鲜明的林分上共创建了205个圆形样地，收集和分析了树干木材和矿物土壤样品。所研究的放射性核素的聚集转移因子表现出广泛的可变性。生长在干燥、贫瘠土壤上的松树和桦树的90Sr转移量最高。平均林分直径与木材中90Sr含量呈极显著相关，土壤肥力与90Sr和137Cs的转运呈一致的负相关。训练极端梯度增强（XGBoost）模型来预测基于站点特征的放射性核素浓度。参数化ML算法的Shapley加性解释（SHAP）分析表明，土壤污染密度、林分直径、树龄和剂量率是最重要的预测因子，而树种的解释能力有限。XGBoost对137Cs的预测优于传统的基于标签的方法，在预测树干木材中90Sr的放射性核素活性浓度方面也取得了相当的成绩。所获得的结果表明，将森林特征纳入ML算法对于改进森林生物量中放射性核素污染的评估具有价值，并为确定树木中90Sr和137Cs积累的场地特征的相对重要性提供了新的见解。

{"title":"Estimation of 90Sr and 137Cs activity concentrations in Chornobyl wood: significance of factors and classical vs. machine learning methods","authors":"D. Holiaka , Y. Igarashi , V. Yoschenko , R. Zadorozhniuk , S. Levchuk , M. Holiaka , O. Kiva , J.T. Smith , D.H. Oughton , V. Morozova , O. Lesnik , I. Chyzhevskyi , P. Diachuk , H. Kato , Y. Onda , V. Kashparov","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107839","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107839","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Chornobyl forests have undergone significant ecological transformation since the 1986 accident. Despite this, harvested wood from the region continues to be used for economic purposes. This study aimed to assess the importance of forest site characteristics, as well as the predictive capabilities of classical and machine learning (ML) methods, for estimating the content of <sup>90</sup>Sr and <sup>137</sup>Cs in wood.</div><div>A total of 205 circular sample plots were created across contrasting forest stands, where trunk wood and mineral soil samples were collected and analyzed. Aggregated transfer factors for the studied radionuclides showed wide variability. The highest <sup>90</sup>Sr transfer was observed in pine and birch that were growing on dry, nutrient-poor soils. The average stand diameter was significantly correlated with <sup>90</sup>Sr content in wood, while soil fertility showed a consistent inverse relationship with the translocation of both <sup>90</sup>Sr and <sup>137</sup>Cs. Extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) models were trained to predict radionuclide concentrations based on site characteristics. Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) analysis of the parameterized ML algorithms revealed that soil contamination density, stand diameter, tree age, and dose rate were the most important predictors, whereas tree species had limited explanatory power. XGBoost outperformed classical T<sub>ag</sub>-based approaches for <sup>137</sup>Cs and achieved comparable performance for <sup>90</sup>Sr in predicting radionuclide activity concentrations in trunk wood. Obtained results demonstrate the value of incorporating forest features into ML algorithms for improving the assessment of radionuclide contamination in forest biomass and provide new insights into the relative importance of site characteristics in determining <sup>90</sup>Sr and <sup>137</sup>Cs accumulation in trees.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 107839"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145318342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigating anomalous radioxenon detections on the International Monitoring System related to a significant source in East Asia 调查国际监测系统中与东亚一个重要来源有关的放射性氙异常探测。

IF 2.1 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of environmental radioactivity

Pub Date : 2025-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107836

Daniel L. Chester, Matthew A. Goodwin, Susan J. Leadbetter

The International Monitoring System (IMS) Radionuclide (RN) network measures airborne fission and activation products for the verification of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). Recently, the background levels of radioactive isotopes of xenon (radioxenon) at several IMS stations in the East Asian and Pacific regions have been anomalously high. On 21^st December 2023, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) released a press statement in relation to developments in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) nuclear programme, indicating that a new experimental light water reactor (ELWR) had come online. Here, we discuss several periods of heightened radioxenon activity at IMS stations in the northern hemisphere and begin to associate spatially and temporally distributed detections with emissions from the Yongbyon site using atmospheric transport and dispersion modelling. Source term estimations suggest that a facility operating at Yongbyon is amongst the largest known radioxenon emitters globally, with ¹³³Xe emission rates akin to those of a medical isotope production facility. This source of anthropogenic fission product radioxenon represents a significant signal which must be contended with when monitoring for nuclear explosive testing.

国际监测系统（IMS）放射性核素（RN）网络测量空中裂变和活化产物，用于核查《全面禁止核试验条约》（CTBT）。最近，东亚和太平洋地区几个国际监测系统站的氙（放射性氙）放射性同位素背景水平异常高。2023年12月21日，国际原子能机构（IAEA）发布了一份关于朝鲜民主主义人民共和国（DPRK）核计划发展的新闻声明，表明一个新的实验性轻水反应堆（ELWR）已经上线。在这里，我们讨论了北半球IMS站放射性氙活动加剧的几个时期，并开始使用大气传输和弥散模型将空间和时间分布的探测与宁边场址的排放联系起来。源项估计表明，宁边的一个设施是全球已知最大的放射性氙排放者之一，其133Xe排放率与医疗同位素生产设施的排放率相似。这种人为裂变产物放射性氙的来源是监测核爆炸试验时必须处理的一个重要信号。

{"title":"Investigating anomalous radioxenon detections on the International Monitoring System related to a significant source in East Asia","authors":"Daniel L. Chester, Matthew A. Goodwin, Susan J. Leadbetter","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107836","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107836","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The International Monitoring System (IMS) Radionuclide (RN) network measures airborne fission and activation products for the verification of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). Recently, the background levels of radioactive isotopes of xenon (<em>radioxenon</em>) at several IMS stations in the East Asian and Pacific regions have been anomalously high. On 21<sup>st</sup> December 2023, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) released a press statement in relation to developments in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) nuclear programme, indicating that a new experimental light water reactor (ELWR) had come online. Here, we discuss several periods of heightened radioxenon activity at IMS stations in the northern hemisphere and begin to associate spatially and temporally distributed detections with emissions from the Yongbyon site using atmospheric transport and dispersion modelling. Source term estimations suggest that a facility operating at Yongbyon is amongst the largest known radioxenon emitters globally, with <sup>133</sup>Xe emission rates akin to those of a medical isotope production facility. This source of anthropogenic fission product radioxenon represents a significant signal which must be contended with when monitoring for nuclear explosive testing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 107836"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145312904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanisms of uranium and cadmium Co-contamination on rhizosphere microecology and accumulation in sweet potato varieties 铀镉共污染对甘薯品种根际微生态及积累的影响机制

IF 2.1 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of environmental radioactivity

Pub Date : 2025-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107832

Jin-long Lai, Xue Gong, Qian Fu, Xue-gang Luo

This study investigated rhizosphere microecological mechanisms driving interspecific variation in uranium (U) and cadmium (Cd) accumulation among sweet potato cultivars, informing low-accumulator selection strategies and Phyto management of contaminated soils. Employing two contrasting cultivars (high-accumulation purple sweet potato vs. low-accumulation Sushu No. 8), we conducted pot experiments to analyse photosynthetic responses, mineral nutrition dynamics, rhizosphere microbiome shifts, and soil metabolomic profiles under heavy metal stress. While exhibiting superior photosynthetic efficiency relative to Sushu 8, the purple cultivar demonstrated greater sensitivity to U + Cd co-stress, showing 4.68–13.05 % reductions in intercellular CO₂ concentration (Ci), transpiration rate (Tr), and stomatal conductance (Gs). Notably, its roots accumulated 15.4 times higher Cd contamination indices (Pi_Cd) than Sushu 8, with significantly elevated bioconcentration factors (BCF) and transfer coefficients (TF) across all tissues. Heavy metal exposure reduced operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the purple cultivar's rhizosphere microbiome but enhanced microbial diversity in Sushu 8. Metabolomic profiling revealed U/Cd-induced activation of galactose metabolism, ABC transporters, and pyrimidine metabolic pathways, with amino acid and nucleotide flux strongly correlating to microbial community dynamics. These findings demonstrate cultivar-specific heavy metal accumulation patterns are governed by rhizosphere processes involving mineral acquisition efficiency, microbiome configuration, and metabolic reprogramming, with high-accumulator microbiomes exhibiting greater environmental susceptibility.

本研究探讨了甘薯不同品种间铀(U)和镉（Cd）积累的根际微生态机制，为污染土壤的低富集体选择策略和植物管理提供依据。以高积累紫甘薯和低积累苏薯8号为对照，进行盆栽试验，分析重金属胁迫下紫甘薯的光合响应、矿质营养动态、根际微生物群变化和土壤代谢组学特征。紫色品种的光合效率高于苏树8号，但对U + Cd共胁迫的敏感性更强，胞间CO2浓度（Ci）、蒸腾速率（Tr）和气孔导度（Gs）降低4.68 ~ 13.05%。值得注意的是，其根累积的Cd污染指数（Pi_Cd）比苏8高15.4倍，各组织的生物浓度因子（BCF）和转移系数（TF）均显著升高。重金属暴露降低了紫色品种根际微生物组的操作分类单位（OTUs），但增加了苏蜀8号的微生物多样性。代谢组学分析显示，U/ cd诱导了半乳糖代谢、ABC转运体和嘧啶代谢途径的激活，氨基酸和核苷酸通量与微生物群落动态密切相关。这些发现表明，特定品种的重金属积累模式受根际过程的控制，包括矿物获取效率、微生物组配置和代谢重编程，高积累微生物组表现出更大的环境敏感性。

{"title":"Mechanisms of uranium and cadmium Co-contamination on rhizosphere microecology and accumulation in sweet potato varieties","authors":"Jin-long Lai, Xue Gong, Qian Fu, Xue-gang Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107832","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107832","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated rhizosphere microecological mechanisms driving interspecific variation in uranium (U) and cadmium (Cd) accumulation among sweet potato cultivars, informing low-accumulator selection strategies and Phyto management of contaminated soils. Employing two contrasting cultivars (high-accumulation purple sweet potato vs. low-accumulation Sushu No. 8), we conducted pot experiments to analyse photosynthetic responses, mineral nutrition dynamics, rhizosphere microbiome shifts, and soil metabolomic profiles under heavy metal stress. While exhibiting superior photosynthetic efficiency relative to Sushu 8, the purple cultivar demonstrated greater sensitivity to U + Cd co-stress, showing 4.68–13.05 % reductions in intercellular CO<sub>2</sub> concentration (Ci), transpiration rate (Tr), and stomatal conductance (Gs). Notably, its roots accumulated 15.4 times higher Cd contamination indices (Pi_Cd) than Sushu 8, with significantly elevated bioconcentration factors (BCF) and transfer coefficients (TF) across all tissues. Heavy metal exposure reduced operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the purple cultivar's rhizosphere microbiome but enhanced microbial diversity in Sushu 8. Metabolomic profiling revealed U/Cd-induced activation of galactose metabolism, ABC transporters, and pyrimidine metabolic pathways, with amino acid and nucleotide flux strongly correlating to microbial community dynamics. These findings demonstrate cultivar-specific heavy metal accumulation patterns are governed by rhizosphere processes involving mineral acquisition efficiency, microbiome configuration, and metabolic reprogramming, with high-accumulator microbiomes exhibiting greater environmental susceptibility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 107832"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145301459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transformer-based deep learning architecture for multivariable radioactive source term inversion 基于变压器的多变量辐射源项反演深度学习体系结构。

IF 2.1 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of environmental radioactivity

Pub Date : 2025-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107835

Yangfan Zhao , Deyi Chen , Yuxuan Wang , Baojie Nie , Yungang Zhao , Qi Li , Shilian Wang , Dezhong Wang

Inversion for the radioactive source term has received growing attention in the post-Fukushima era. Under some special scenarios, the source term, including release rate, height and position, is necessary for nuclear emergency response and consequence assessment. Here, a transformer-based deep learning architecture was developed for multivariable source term estimation. The CALMET-LAPMOD coupling model validated by the Kincaid tracer experiment was employed to produce the datasets. The datasets were systematically constructed for five representative scenarios with the following time-varying parameters: release rate, release height, release location, coupling of release rate and height, and coupling of all three variables. Subsequently, a Transformer model with Bayesian optimization for adaptive hyperparameter tuning was developed. The results demonstrated excellent performance in source term inversion, with a determination coefficient (R²) of above 0.96 for release rate and height, and an average distance error of 1.19 km at a 95 % confidence level for location prediction. Regarding the coupling of all three variables scenario, the R² for release rate and location remained above 0.92, whereas the height achieved R² of 0.72. Additionally, feature ablation analysis revealed that monitoring points with high concentration values contribute significantly to inversion, providing quantitative insights to optimize the monitoring network layout.

后福岛时代，放射源项的反演受到越来越多的关注。在某些特殊情况下，包括释放速率、高度和位置在内的源项是核应急响应和后果评估所必需的。在这里，开发了一个基于变压器的深度学习架构，用于多变量源项估计。采用金凯示踪实验验证的CALMET-LAPMOD耦合模型生成数据集。系统地构建了5个具有代表性的场景数据集，这些数据集具有以下时变参数：释放速率、释放高度、释放位置、释放速率与高度耦合以及三者耦合。在此基础上，建立了自适应超参数整定的贝叶斯优化Transformer模型。结果表明，源项反演效果良好，释放速率和高度的决定系数（R2）均在0.96以上，位置预测的平均距离误差为1.19 km，置信水平为95%。在三个变量耦合的情况下，释放速率和位置的R2保持在0.92以上，而高度的R2达到0.72。此外，特征消融分析表明，高浓度监测点对反演的贡献显著，为优化监测网络布局提供了定量见解。

{"title":"Transformer-based deep learning architecture for multivariable radioactive source term inversion","authors":"Yangfan Zhao , Deyi Chen , Yuxuan Wang , Baojie Nie , Yungang Zhao , Qi Li , Shilian Wang , Dezhong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107835","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107835","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inversion for the radioactive source term has received growing attention in the post-Fukushima era. Under some special scenarios, the source term, including release rate, height and position, is necessary for nuclear emergency response and consequence assessment. Here, a transformer-based deep learning architecture was developed for multivariable source term estimation. The CALMET-LAPMOD coupling model validated by the Kincaid tracer experiment was employed to produce the datasets. The datasets were systematically constructed for five representative scenarios with the following time-varying parameters: release rate, release height, release location, coupling of release rate and height, and coupling of all three variables. Subsequently, a Transformer model with Bayesian optimization for adaptive hyperparameter tuning was developed. The results demonstrated excellent performance in source term inversion, with a determination coefficient (R<sup>2</sup>) of above 0.96 for release rate and height, and an average distance error of 1.19 km at a 95 % confidence level for location prediction. Regarding the coupling of all three variables scenario, the R<sup>2</sup> for release rate and location remained above 0.92, whereas the height achieved R<sup>2</sup> of 0.72. Additionally, feature ablation analysis revealed that monitoring points with high concentration values contribute significantly to inversion, providing quantitative insights to optimize the monitoring network layout.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 107835"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145286334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Primary sources of population radiation exposure in multi-story residential buildings in large Russian cities 俄罗斯大城市多层住宅中人口辐射暴露的主要来源。

IF 2.1 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of environmental radioactivity

Pub Date : 2025-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107834

Ilia Yarmoshenko, Vyacheslav Izgagin , Michael Zhukovsky

The article presents estimates of the annual effective doses received by residents of multi-story residential buildings constructed after the year 2000 and classified as energy-efficient. The assessments cover nine major cities across Russia and focus on external and internal exposure. The calculations are based on field measurements, including non-destructive assessments of the average concentration of ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K and effective dose rate, as well as concentrations of radon and the equilibrium equivalent thoron concentration within contemporary high-rise buildings. The average annual effective dose from external exposure for the surveyed cities was found to be 0.27 mSv, while the internal exposure attributable to radon and its progeny amounted to 0.90 mSv, and that from thoron progeny was estimated at 0.31 mSv.

本文介绍了2000年以后建造的被列为节能建筑的多层住宅的居民所受到的年有效剂量的估计。评估覆盖了俄罗斯的九个主要城市，重点关注外部和内部风险。计算基于实地测量，包括对226Ra、232Th和40K的平均浓度和有效剂量率的非破坏性评估，以及当代高层建筑内的氡浓度和平衡当量钍浓度。被调查城市外部照射的年平均有效剂量为0.27毫西弗，氡及其子代的内照射量为0.90毫西弗，氡子代的内照射量估计为0.31毫西弗。

引用次数: 0

Modelling cotransport of colloids and tracers in surficial sediments: applications to fallout radionuclides 表层沉积物中胶体和示踪剂的共输运模拟：沉降放射性核素的应用

IF 2.1 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of environmental radioactivity

Pub Date : 2025-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107831

José M. Abril-Hernández

Interpreting the depth distributions of radionuclides and other tracers in recent sediments is a key point in many environmental studies. There are cases of large penetration depths that cannot be explained by the kinetic reactive transport of the tracers in the dissolved phase. The cotransport of colloids and tracers has been studied in the context of column experiments, with a focus on the effluent. This work aims to develop a Lagrangian model for the cotransport of colloids and tracers in natural aquatic sediments, with a focus on their retention and the resulting depth distribution patterns. It makes plausible estimates of the magnitudes involved and studies their roles using real data from a variety of sedimentary environments. The retention coefficient for colloids is orders of magnitude lower than direct kinetic coefficients for the liquid-solid uptake and it co-varies with the dispersive transport, resulting in large penetration depths in times ranging from a few hours to a few months. The above depth distributions are used in a model of composite fluxes that operates at a centennial scale, as illustrated with fallout radionuclides using real core data. This can explain flattening and subsurface maxima in ²¹⁰Pb_exc profiles, and large penetration tails of high-

k_{d}

radionuclides that, when ignored, can lead to misuses of the ²¹⁰Pb dating models. In these examples, the colloidal bound fraction of the tracers ranged from 20 % to 40 %. These percentages are reliable in many aquatic environments, as supported by data from the literature.

解释近代沉积物中放射性核素和其他示踪剂的深度分布是许多环境研究的关键。有一些大穿透深度的情况，不能用溶解相中示踪剂的动力学反应输运来解释。胶体和示踪剂的共输运已在柱实验的背景下进行了研究，重点是出水。本工作旨在建立天然水生沉积物中胶体和示踪剂共同运输的拉格朗日模型，重点关注它们的保留和由此产生的深度分布模式。它对所涉及的震级作出合理的估计，并利用来自各种沉积环境的真实数据研究它们的作用。胶体的保留系数比液固吸收的直接动力学系数低几个数量级，它与分散传输共变，导致在几小时到几个月的时间内有很大的渗透深度。上述深度分布用于百年尺度的复合通量模型，如使用实际堆芯数据的沉降放射性核素所示。这可以解释210Pbexc剖面的变平和地下最大值，以及高kd放射性核素的大穿透尾，如果忽略这些，可能导致210Pb测年模型的误用。在这些例子中，示踪剂的胶体结合分数从20%到40%不等。这些百分比在许多水生环境中是可靠的，这得到了文献数据的支持。

{"title":"Modelling cotransport of colloids and tracers in surficial sediments: applications to fallout radionuclides","authors":"José M. Abril-Hernández","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107831","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107831","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Interpreting the depth distributions of radionuclides and other tracers in recent sediments is a key point in many environmental studies. There are cases of large penetration depths that cannot be explained by the kinetic reactive transport of the tracers in the dissolved phase. The cotransport of colloids and tracers has been studied in the context of column experiments, with a focus on the effluent. This work aims to develop a Lagrangian model for the cotransport of colloids and tracers in natural aquatic sediments, with a focus on their retention and the resulting depth distribution patterns. It makes plausible estimates of the magnitudes involved and studies their roles using real data from a variety of sedimentary environments. The retention coefficient for colloids is orders of magnitude lower than direct kinetic coefficients for the liquid-solid uptake and it co-varies with the dispersive transport, resulting in large penetration depths in times ranging from a few hours to a few months. The above depth distributions are used in a model of composite fluxes that operates at a centennial scale, as illustrated with fallout radionuclides using real core data. This can explain flattening and subsurface maxima in <sup>210</sup>Pb<sub>exc</sub> profiles, and large penetration tails of high-<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>k</mi><mi>d</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> radionuclides that, when ignored, can lead to misuses of the <sup>210</sup>Pb dating models. In these examples, the colloidal bound fraction of the tracers ranged from 20 % to 40 %. These percentages are reliable in many aquatic environments, as supported by data from the literature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 107831"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145269963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Full spectrum modeling of in situ gamma-ray detector measurements with a focus on precipitation-induced transients 现场伽玛射线探测器测量的全光谱建模，重点是降水诱发瞬态。

IF 2.1 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of environmental radioactivity

Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107826

M.S. Bandstra , J.M. Ghawaly , D.E. Peplow , D.E. Archer , B.J. Quiter , T.H.Y. Joshi , A.D. Nicholson , M.J. Willis , I. Garishvili , A.J. Rowe , B.R. Longmire , J.T. Nattress

Gamma-ray detectors that are deployed outdoors experience increased event rates during precipitation due to the attendant increase in Rn-222 progeny at ground level. The increased radiation due to these decay products (Pb-214 and Bi-214) has been studied for many decades in applications such as atmospheric science and radiation protection. For those applications radon progeny signatures are the signal of interest, while in the fields of radiological and nuclear security and aerial radiological mapping they are a nuisance. When searching for radiological contamination or missing sources, an analyst must take precipitation into account to reduce false alarms, in addition to accounting for static background signatures. To train advanced search algorithms, an effort has been underway to generate synthetic gamma-ray event data that represent a realistic urban area, including occasional rain events to add to the realism. This manuscript describes an effort to analyze and model gamma-ray spectra measured during rainfall by a NaI(Tl) detector located outdoors in order to derive accurate source terms for Pb-214 and Bi-214 at a high frequency (less than 1 min). All known sources of background were quantitatively modeled across the full gamma-ray spectrum, so that the Pb-214 and Bi-214 activity concentrations on the ground could be inferred from a linear model fit to each spectrum. A physically motivated model was applied to the data to further smooth the fits, which had the benefit of yielding information about the concentrations of the progeny in rainwater and their apparent age, making this the first time full-spectrum modeling has been used for continuous measurements of radon progeny. Full-spectrum modeling’s ability to leverage more statistics allows for measurements at a rate of more than once per minute, rather than the more typical 10- or 15 min measurement cycle, and therefore this approach could lead to studies of radon progeny on shorter timescales than previously possible.

在降水期间，部署在户外的伽马射线探测器会增加事件发生率，因为地面上的Rn-222子代会随之增加。这些衰变产物（Pb-214和Bi-214）引起的辐射增加已经在大气科学和辐射防护等应用领域进行了数十年的研究。对于这些应用来说，氡子代特征是令人感兴趣的信号，而在放射和核安全以及航空放射测绘领域，它们是令人讨厌的。当搜索放射性污染或缺失源时，除了考虑静态背景特征外，分析人员还必须考虑降水以减少假警报。为了训练先进的搜索算法，人们正在努力生成合成的伽马射线事件数据，这些数据代表了一个真实的城市区域，包括偶尔的降雨事件，以增加真实感。本文描述了一项分析和建模工作，该工作是在降雨期间由位于户外的NaI（Tl）探测器测量的伽马射线能谱，以便在高频（小于1分钟）下得出Pb-214和Bi-214的准确源项。所有已知的背景源都在整个伽马射线谱上进行了定量建模，因此地面上的Pb-214和Bi-214活性浓度可以从适合每个谱的线性模型中推断出来。一个物理驱动模型应用于数据以进一步平滑拟合，这有利于获得有关雨水中子代浓度及其表观年龄的信息，这是第一次将全光谱建模用于连续测量氡子代。全谱建模利用更多统计数据的能力允许以每分钟一次以上的速率进行测量，而不是更典型的10或15分钟的测量周期，因此这种方法可以在比以前更短的时间尺度上研究氡子代。

{"title":"Full spectrum modeling of in situ gamma-ray detector measurements with a focus on precipitation-induced transients","authors":"M.S. Bandstra , J.M. Ghawaly , D.E. Peplow , D.E. Archer , B.J. Quiter , T.H.Y. Joshi , A.D. Nicholson , M.J. Willis , I. Garishvili , A.J. Rowe , B.R. Longmire , J.T. Nattress","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107826","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107826","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gamma-ray detectors that are deployed outdoors experience increased event rates during precipitation due to the attendant increase in Rn-222 progeny at ground level. The increased radiation due to these decay products (Pb-214 and Bi-214) has been studied for many decades in applications such as atmospheric science and radiation protection. For those applications radon progeny signatures are the signal of interest, while in the fields of radiological and nuclear security and aerial radiological mapping they are a nuisance. When searching for radiological contamination or missing sources, an analyst must take precipitation into account to reduce false alarms, in addition to accounting for static background signatures. To train advanced search algorithms, an effort has been underway to generate synthetic gamma-ray event data that represent a realistic urban area, including occasional rain events to add to the realism. This manuscript describes an effort to analyze and model gamma-ray spectra measured during rainfall by a NaI(Tl) detector located outdoors in order to derive accurate source terms for Pb-214 and Bi-214 at a high frequency (less than 1 min). All known sources of background were quantitatively modeled across the full gamma-ray spectrum, so that the Pb-214 and Bi-214 activity concentrations on the ground could be inferred from a linear model fit to each spectrum. A physically motivated model was applied to the data to further smooth the fits, which had the benefit of yielding information about the concentrations of the progeny in rainwater and their apparent age, making this the first time full-spectrum modeling has been used for continuous measurements of radon progeny. Full-spectrum modeling’s ability to leverage more statistics allows for measurements at a rate of more than once per minute, rather than the more typical 10- or 15 min measurement cycle, and therefore this approach could lead to studies of radon progeny on shorter timescales than previously possible.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 107826"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145258307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Operations of a pumped storage power plant attenuated radioactive Cs concentration in kokanee stocked in the upper reservoir 抽水蓄能电站的运行降低了储存在水库上部的kokanee中的放射性铯浓度。

IF 2.1 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of environmental radioactivity

Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107827

Atsushi Hirano , Hidenori Kagamifuchi , Ken Koyabu , Koichi Takizawa , Yuichi Onda

This study investigates the seasonal variation in radioactive cesium (sum of ′134Cs and ′137Cs; hereafter radioactive Cs) concentrations in kokanee (Oncorhynchus nerka) within a pumped-storage power plant reservoir system, with particular focus on the marked decline in radioactive Cs levels during plant operation. Radioactive Cs transfer pathways to kokanee were examined in relation to water residence time, vertical temperature profiles, and water quality under operational and non-operational conditions. Two primary pathways originating from the contaminated forest surrounding the reservoir were identified. The first involves suspended detritus, primarily decomposed forest litter, which accumulates at the thermocline and facilitates Cs transfer to kokanee via interactions with plankton. The second pathway involves detritus deposited on the lakebed, consumed by chironomids, which serve as prey for kokanee. Radioactive Cs concentrations in chironomids were higher than those in plankton, suggesting that seasonal dietary shifts in kokanee contribute to observed variations in radioactive Cs accumulation. Power plant operations can transport part of the contaminated detritus accumulated at the thermocline out of the lake, thereby inhibiting its sedimentation on the lake bottom, reducing radioactive Cs availability to lower trophic organisms, and resulting in a marked reduction of radioactive Cs concentrations in kokanee. These findings highlight the influence of anthropogenic operations on Cs dynamics in aquatic ecosystems and have important implications for ecological risk assessment and the management of radiological contamination.

本研究调查了抽水蓄能电站水库系统内kokanee （Oncorhynchus nerka）中放射性铯（134Cs和137Cs的总和，以下简称放射性铯）浓度的季节性变化，特别关注电厂运行期间放射性铯水平的显著下降。在操作和非操作条件下，研究了放射性铯向kokanee转移的途径与水停留时间、垂直温度分布和水质的关系。确定了水库周围受污染森林的两条主要途径。第一个涉及悬浮碎屑，主要是分解的森林凋落物，它们在温跃层积累，并通过与浮游生物的相互作用促进Cs转移到kokanee。第二条途径涉及沉积在湖床上的碎屑，这些碎屑被作为kokanee的猎物的chironomids消耗。摇尾鱼的放射性铯浓度高于浮游生物，表明摇尾鱼的季节性饮食变化导致了放射性铯积累的变化。电厂的运行可以将积聚在温跃层的部分受污染碎屑输送到湖外，从而抑制其在湖底的沉积，减少低营养生物对放射性Cs的可利用性，并导致kokanee中放射性Cs浓度显著降低。这些发现强调了人为活动对水生生态系统Cs动态的影响，并对生态风险评估和放射性污染管理具有重要意义。

{"title":"Operations of a pumped storage power plant attenuated radioactive Cs concentration in kokanee stocked in the upper reservoir","authors":"Atsushi Hirano , Hidenori Kagamifuchi , Ken Koyabu , Koichi Takizawa , Yuichi Onda","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107827","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107827","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the seasonal variation in radioactive cesium (sum of ′134Cs and ′137Cs; hereafter radioactive Cs) concentrations in kokanee (<em>Oncorhynchus nerka</em>) within a pumped-storage power plant reservoir system, with particular focus on the marked decline in radioactive Cs levels during plant operation. Radioactive Cs transfer pathways to kokanee were examined in relation to water residence time, vertical temperature profiles, and water quality under operational and non-operational conditions. Two primary pathways originating from the contaminated forest surrounding the reservoir were identified. The first involves suspended detritus, primarily decomposed forest litter, which accumulates at the thermocline and facilitates Cs transfer to kokanee via interactions with plankton. The second pathway involves detritus deposited on the lakebed, consumed by chironomids, which serve as prey for kokanee. Radioactive Cs concentrations in chironomids were higher than those in plankton, suggesting that seasonal dietary shifts in kokanee contribute to observed variations in radioactive Cs accumulation. Power plant operations can transport part of the contaminated detritus accumulated at the thermocline out of the lake, thereby inhibiting its sedimentation on the lake bottom, reducing radioactive Cs availability to lower trophic organisms, and resulting in a marked reduction of radioactive Cs concentrations in kokanee. These findings highlight the influence of anthropogenic operations on Cs dynamics in aquatic ecosystems and have important implications for ecological risk assessment and the management of radiological contamination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 107827"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145258377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0