Pub Date : 2025-10-28DOI: 10.1038/s41370-025-00816-9
Sang Hee Park, Pyoung Jik Lee
The relationship between transportation noise and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has been established, but its specific effects on residents of multi-story buildings, who are also exposed to neighbour noise, require further investigation. This study sought to investigate the effects of transportation noise on HRQoL among adults residing in such buildings. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 400 participants recruited from four apartment complexes. Transportation noise was measured over a 24-h period, and the resulting data were used to create noise maps. HRQoL was assessed using the RAND-36, which measures physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) component summaries. The results revealed significant negative associations between outdoor noise exposure (overall, road traffic, and railway) and both PCS and MCS, with road traffic noise showing the strongest effects. Noise sensitivity, indoor acoustic satisfaction, and outdoor noise annoyance were identified as significant effect modifiers, with higher sensitivity and annoyance levels exacerbating the negative impacts of noise on HRQoL.
{"title":"Effects of noise on health-related quality of life: The roles of outdoor noise, indoor noise, and noise sensitivity","authors":"Sang Hee Park, Pyoung Jik Lee","doi":"10.1038/s41370-025-00816-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-025-00816-9","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship between transportation noise and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has been established, but its specific effects on residents of multi-story buildings, who are also exposed to neighbour noise, require further investigation. This study sought to investigate the effects of transportation noise on HRQoL among adults residing in such buildings. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 400 participants recruited from four apartment complexes. Transportation noise was measured over a 24-h period, and the resulting data were used to create noise maps. HRQoL was assessed using the RAND-36, which measures physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) component summaries. The results revealed significant negative associations between outdoor noise exposure (overall, road traffic, and railway) and both PCS and MCS, with road traffic noise showing the strongest effects. Noise sensitivity, indoor acoustic satisfaction, and outdoor noise annoyance were identified as significant effect modifiers, with higher sensitivity and annoyance levels exacerbating the negative impacts of noise on HRQoL.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"36 2","pages":"398-408"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41370-025-00816-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145395921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-20DOI: 10.1038/s41370-025-00808-9
K. E. Knox, J. L. Ohayon, Erin Carrera, R. A. Rudel, R. Morello-Frosch
Immigrants comprise roughly 14% of the U.S. population, and studies indicate that breast cancer increases among some immigrant groups after relocating to the U.S. We characterized exposures to breast cancer-relevant chemicals in jobs commonly occupied by U.S. immigrant women, aged 18–65. We analyzed data from the American Community Survey Public Use Microdata Sample to profile which occupations are most prevalent for immigrant women and integrated these results with data on occupational chemical exposures from the Women’s Occupations and Risk from Chemicals tool, which identifies occupations with probable and possible chemical exposures of relevance for breast cancer. Immigrant women most commonly work as house cleaners, nurses, cashiers, janitors, and care aides, and comprise 71% of manicurists. We prioritize the occupations house cleaners and nurses for their combination of high potential exposures and the large number of immigrant women employed in these occupations. Chemicals of interest are those found in fragrances, and cleaning and maintenance products, including phthalates, antimicrobials, and alkylphenols. Many of these compounds are mammary gland carcinogens and developmental toxicants, and/or endocrine disruptors.
{"title":"Breast cancer-related occupational exposures facing immigrant women","authors":"K. E. Knox, J. L. Ohayon, Erin Carrera, R. A. Rudel, R. Morello-Frosch","doi":"10.1038/s41370-025-00808-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-025-00808-9","url":null,"abstract":"Immigrants comprise roughly 14% of the U.S. population, and studies indicate that breast cancer increases among some immigrant groups after relocating to the U.S. We characterized exposures to breast cancer-relevant chemicals in jobs commonly occupied by U.S. immigrant women, aged 18–65. We analyzed data from the American Community Survey Public Use Microdata Sample to profile which occupations are most prevalent for immigrant women and integrated these results with data on occupational chemical exposures from the Women’s Occupations and Risk from Chemicals tool, which identifies occupations with probable and possible chemical exposures of relevance for breast cancer. Immigrant women most commonly work as house cleaners, nurses, cashiers, janitors, and care aides, and comprise 71% of manicurists. We prioritize the occupations house cleaners and nurses for their combination of high potential exposures and the large number of immigrant women employed in these occupations. Chemicals of interest are those found in fragrances, and cleaning and maintenance products, including phthalates, antimicrobials, and alkylphenols. Many of these compounds are mammary gland carcinogens and developmental toxicants, and/or endocrine disruptors.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"36 2","pages":"355-360"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41370-025-00808-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145338378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Farmers in Northern Thailand are chronically exposed to organophosphate pesticides (OPs) through agricultural activities and to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from seasonal biomass burning. Both toxicants have been linked to neurobehavioral impairments, but little is known about their combined effects. This study aimed to investigate the association between urinary biomarkers of exposure to OPs and PAHs and neurobehavioral performance among farmers in rural agricultural communities, including potential interaction effects of co-exposure. A total of 115 farmers aged 20–70 years in Northern Thailand were recruited. Urinary dialkyl phosphate (DAP) metabolites, biomarkers of OPs exposure, and 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), a biomarker of PAHs exposure, were measured. Neurobehavioral performance was assessed using the digit span test (DST), Purdue pegboard test (PEG), and visual-motor integration (VMI) test. Higher urinary dimethylphosphate (DMP) levels were significantly associated with lower DST forward digit span (β ± SE = −0.807 ± 0.284) and maximum forward digit span scores (β ± SE = −0.350 ± 0.159), indicating cognitive impairment. Increased 1-OHP levels were significantly correlated with lower VMI raw (β ± SE = −0.529 ± 0.236) and standard scores (β ± SE = −3.188 ± 1.239), suggesting impaired visual-motor integration. Notably, significant interaction effects were observed between DMP and 1-OHP on forward digit span (β ± SE = −0.244 ± 0.104) and VMI raw scores (β ± SE = −0.311 ± 0.121), and between DEP and 1-OHP on VMI performance (β ± SE = −0.264 ± 0.131 for raw score and −1.755 ± 0.686 for standard score), indicating that co-exposure may amplify neurobehavioral deficits.
{"title":"Neurobehavioral performance of dual exposure to organophosphate pesticides and PAHs among farmers in rural agriculture communities","authors":"Noppharath Sangkarit, Ajchamon Thammachai, Boonsita Suwannakul, Surat Hongsibsong, Juthasiri Rohitrattana, Jinjuta Panumasvivat, Pheerasak Assavanopakun, Ratana Sapbamrer","doi":"10.1038/s41370-025-00815-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-025-00815-w","url":null,"abstract":"Farmers in Northern Thailand are chronically exposed to organophosphate pesticides (OPs) through agricultural activities and to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from seasonal biomass burning. Both toxicants have been linked to neurobehavioral impairments, but little is known about their combined effects. This study aimed to investigate the association between urinary biomarkers of exposure to OPs and PAHs and neurobehavioral performance among farmers in rural agricultural communities, including potential interaction effects of co-exposure. A total of 115 farmers aged 20–70 years in Northern Thailand were recruited. Urinary dialkyl phosphate (DAP) metabolites, biomarkers of OPs exposure, and 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), a biomarker of PAHs exposure, were measured. Neurobehavioral performance was assessed using the digit span test (DST), Purdue pegboard test (PEG), and visual-motor integration (VMI) test. Higher urinary dimethylphosphate (DMP) levels were significantly associated with lower DST forward digit span (β ± SE = −0.807 ± 0.284) and maximum forward digit span scores (β ± SE = −0.350 ± 0.159), indicating cognitive impairment. Increased 1-OHP levels were significantly correlated with lower VMI raw (β ± SE = −0.529 ± 0.236) and standard scores (β ± SE = −3.188 ± 1.239), suggesting impaired visual-motor integration. Notably, significant interaction effects were observed between DMP and 1-OHP on forward digit span (β ± SE = −0.244 ± 0.104) and VMI raw scores (β ± SE = −0.311 ± 0.121), and between DEP and 1-OHP on VMI performance (β ± SE = −0.264 ± 0.131 for raw score and −1.755 ± 0.686 for standard score), indicating that co-exposure may amplify neurobehavioral deficits.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"36 2","pages":"343-354"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145294913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-08DOI: 10.1038/s41370-025-00809-8
Esther M. John, Jocelyn Koo, Theresa H. Keegan, Sue A. Ingles, Jenny T. Nguyen, Catherine Thomsen, Beizhan Yan, Mary Beth Terry, Regina M. Santella
Exposure to environmental chemicals such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) may play a role in recent trends of earlier puberty. We evaluated associations between PAH-albumin adducts and timing of puberty in a longitudinal cohort of girls aged 6–16 years from the San Francisco Bay Area. We measured PAH-albumin adducts in 215 baseline serum samples and 159 last samples collected between 5 and 69 months apart. Using generalized estimating equations (GEE) to account for intra-familial correlations, we fit linear models to estimate mean adduct levels by participant characteristics and questionnaire-based sources of outdoor, indoor, and dietary PAH exposures. We fit logistic GEE models to examine associations of adduct levels with recalled breast (N = 154) or pubic hair (N = 153) Tanner Stage (TS) and menarche status (N = 116) at first blood collection. Using Cox proportional hazard models, we assessed associations with pubertal timing of girls who at first blood collection had not yet started breast (N = 76) or pubic hair (N = 86) development or menstruation (N = 132). PAH-albumin adducts were detected in all samples, except two. We observed some variation in adduct levels by personal characteristics and questionnaire-based sources of PAH exposure, although differences did not reach statistical significance. In both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, timing of breast development was the only pubertal outcome associated with higher ( ≥ median vs.
{"title":"Timing of puberty in girls and serum polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-albumin adduct levels: the California PAH Study","authors":"Esther M. John, Jocelyn Koo, Theresa H. Keegan, Sue A. Ingles, Jenny T. Nguyen, Catherine Thomsen, Beizhan Yan, Mary Beth Terry, Regina M. Santella","doi":"10.1038/s41370-025-00809-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-025-00809-8","url":null,"abstract":"Exposure to environmental chemicals such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) may play a role in recent trends of earlier puberty. We evaluated associations between PAH-albumin adducts and timing of puberty in a longitudinal cohort of girls aged 6–16 years from the San Francisco Bay Area. We measured PAH-albumin adducts in 215 baseline serum samples and 159 last samples collected between 5 and 69 months apart. Using generalized estimating equations (GEE) to account for intra-familial correlations, we fit linear models to estimate mean adduct levels by participant characteristics and questionnaire-based sources of outdoor, indoor, and dietary PAH exposures. We fit logistic GEE models to examine associations of adduct levels with recalled breast (N = 154) or pubic hair (N = 153) Tanner Stage (TS) and menarche status (N = 116) at first blood collection. Using Cox proportional hazard models, we assessed associations with pubertal timing of girls who at first blood collection had not yet started breast (N = 76) or pubic hair (N = 86) development or menstruation (N = 132). PAH-albumin adducts were detected in all samples, except two. We observed some variation in adduct levels by personal characteristics and questionnaire-based sources of PAH exposure, although differences did not reach statistical significance. In both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, timing of breast development was the only pubertal outcome associated with higher ( ≥ median vs.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"35 6","pages":"956-964"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41370-025-00809-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145246320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-03DOI: 10.1038/s41370-025-00811-0
Sergey N. Vecherin, Aaron C. Meyer, Christopher L. Cummings, Benjamin D. Trump, Charles R. Ehlschlaeger, Igor Linkov
Predicting infection outbreak dynamics within local microenvironments is a challenging task. Some methods assume smaller population pools and often lack the statistical power of inferences. Other methods are designed for larger population pools and cannot be downscaled to accommodate the details of microenvironments, such as a gym or cafeteria. Moreover, typically, individuals have a relatively small circle of friends, family, and co-workers with whom most contacts are taking place, while the external contacts occur sporadically, rendering the population clustered. Practicable infection risk assessment models should account for population size, geometry and occupancy of public places, behavioral and professional patterns that define daily routines, and societal structure. We describe a novel methodology and investigate effects of the population social structure, along with other local constraints, on infection outbreak dynamics. The study is based on the recently developed stochastic microexposure model (S-MEM). The model has been generalized to describe clustered populations. The methodology is demonstrated for a generic community of several thousand students living on campus. The student population possesses a natural social structure of being clustered into classes. The results indicate that the social structure has the first order effect on the spread of the infection. Depending on the number, size, and degree of inner- and outer-cluster connections, the outbreak exhibits distinct durations, power, and multiple peaks of infection. Moreover, the contribution of different microenvironments to infection risk evolves during the course of the outbreak.
{"title":"Infection risk assessment for socially structured population using stochastic microexposure model","authors":"Sergey N. Vecherin, Aaron C. Meyer, Christopher L. Cummings, Benjamin D. Trump, Charles R. Ehlschlaeger, Igor Linkov","doi":"10.1038/s41370-025-00811-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-025-00811-0","url":null,"abstract":"Predicting infection outbreak dynamics within local microenvironments is a challenging task. Some methods assume smaller population pools and often lack the statistical power of inferences. Other methods are designed for larger population pools and cannot be downscaled to accommodate the details of microenvironments, such as a gym or cafeteria. Moreover, typically, individuals have a relatively small circle of friends, family, and co-workers with whom most contacts are taking place, while the external contacts occur sporadically, rendering the population clustered. Practicable infection risk assessment models should account for population size, geometry and occupancy of public places, behavioral and professional patterns that define daily routines, and societal structure. We describe a novel methodology and investigate effects of the population social structure, along with other local constraints, on infection outbreak dynamics. The study is based on the recently developed stochastic microexposure model (S-MEM). The model has been generalized to describe clustered populations. The methodology is demonstrated for a generic community of several thousand students living on campus. The student population possesses a natural social structure of being clustered into classes. The results indicate that the social structure has the first order effect on the spread of the infection. Depending on the number, size, and degree of inner- and outer-cluster connections, the outbreak exhibits distinct durations, power, and multiple peaks of infection. Moreover, the contribution of different microenvironments to infection risk evolves during the course of the outbreak.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"36 2","pages":"386-397"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145226579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-03DOI: 10.1038/s41370-025-00810-1
Shizhen He, Baninia Habchi, Romanas Chaleckis, Natalia Hernandez-Pacheco, Anna Bergström, Anne-Sophie Merritt, Inger Kull, Kristina Eneroth, Matteo Bottai, Göran Pershagen, Simon Kebede Merid, Sophia Björkander, Zhebin Yu, Erik Melén, Olena Gruzieva, Craig E. Wheelock, Susanna Klevebro
The biochemical dysregulation underlying the adverse health effects of exposure to air pollution (AP) remains unclear. The objective of this study was to explore associations between long-term exposure to AP and the urinary metabolome. In the Swedish birth cohort BAMSE (n = 4089), urine samples were collected from a subset of participants attending clinical examination at the 4-year follow-up and from all participants attending clinical examination at the 24-year follow-up. Among paired samples and children with diagnosis of asthma and/or low lung function, non-targeted screening using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry was applied to 4-year samples (n = 612) and 24-year samples (n = 846) and metabolites were annotated based on standard matching to in-house compound libraries (n = 260 metabolites). Time-weighted average exposure to air pollutants (i.e., particulate matter with diameter ≤10μm (PM10), ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5), and nitrogen oxides (NOx)) during the first year of life and the year prior to urine collection was estimated using validated dispersion models. The association between AP exposure and urine metabolites was estimated cross-sectionally using exponential regression. AP exposure was overall positively associated with metabolite abundance (p < 0.002). However, metabolite-specific associations exhibited variability. At the 4-year follow-up, the first-year-of-life and prior-year AP exposures were positively associated with 8 purine/pyrimidine derivative metabolites (e.g., an increase of 2.8 μg/m3 (interquartile range) in PM10 during the first year of life was associated with a 1.21-fold increase in 1,7-dimethylxanthine, p = 3.87E−05). We also observed interactions between AP exposures and metabolism-related genetic variants on metabolite levels. At the 24-year follow-up, prior year AP was negatively associated with levels of six long-chain fatty acids.
{"title":"Long-term exposure to air pollution and metabolites in children and young adults in a Swedish birth cohort","authors":"Shizhen He, Baninia Habchi, Romanas Chaleckis, Natalia Hernandez-Pacheco, Anna Bergström, Anne-Sophie Merritt, Inger Kull, Kristina Eneroth, Matteo Bottai, Göran Pershagen, Simon Kebede Merid, Sophia Björkander, Zhebin Yu, Erik Melén, Olena Gruzieva, Craig E. Wheelock, Susanna Klevebro","doi":"10.1038/s41370-025-00810-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-025-00810-1","url":null,"abstract":"The biochemical dysregulation underlying the adverse health effects of exposure to air pollution (AP) remains unclear. The objective of this study was to explore associations between long-term exposure to AP and the urinary metabolome. In the Swedish birth cohort BAMSE (n = 4089), urine samples were collected from a subset of participants attending clinical examination at the 4-year follow-up and from all participants attending clinical examination at the 24-year follow-up. Among paired samples and children with diagnosis of asthma and/or low lung function, non-targeted screening using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry was applied to 4-year samples (n = 612) and 24-year samples (n = 846) and metabolites were annotated based on standard matching to in-house compound libraries (n = 260 metabolites). Time-weighted average exposure to air pollutants (i.e., particulate matter with diameter ≤10μm (PM10), ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5), and nitrogen oxides (NOx)) during the first year of life and the year prior to urine collection was estimated using validated dispersion models. The association between AP exposure and urine metabolites was estimated cross-sectionally using exponential regression. AP exposure was overall positively associated with metabolite abundance (p < 0.002). However, metabolite-specific associations exhibited variability. At the 4-year follow-up, the first-year-of-life and prior-year AP exposures were positively associated with 8 purine/pyrimidine derivative metabolites (e.g., an increase of 2.8 μg/m3 (interquartile range) in PM10 during the first year of life was associated with a 1.21-fold increase in 1,7-dimethylxanthine, p = 3.87E−05). We also observed interactions between AP exposures and metabolism-related genetic variants on metabolite levels. At the 24-year follow-up, prior year AP was negatively associated with levels of six long-chain fatty acids.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"36 2","pages":"251-266"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41370-025-00810-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145226588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-02DOI: 10.1038/s41370-025-00806-x
Rachel A. Klein, Shelley H. Liu, Joseph M. Braun, Katherine E. Manz
Bioaccumulation, widespread usage, and adverse human health effects emphasize per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) as an important public health concern. There is a need for an aggregate PFAS exposure measure due to the increasing diversity of structures. Aggregate measures are important for informing clinical care, biomonitoring, and research standardization. Current approaches for human biomonitoring of PFAS include targeting and quantifying a limited number of molecules and estimating exposure based on summed concentrations or statistical modeling. Extractable organofluorine (EOF) has been proposed as an aggregate PFAS biomarker that quantifies the total organically bound fluorine in a sample, encompassing PFAS regardless of knowing the exact chemical structures. However, EOF in human biomonitoring studies or environmental epidemiology is limited. The objective of this study is to comprehensively assess human studies that measure EOF and target PFAS in the same sample by conducting a literature search, data extraction, and secondary data analysis. We assessed the correlation of three aggregate PFAS exposure metrics with each other: EOF, adjusted summed concentrations of PFAS identified by the National Academies of Science Engineering and Medicine (NASEM), and PFAS burden scores. Across 8 published studies from US, Asia and Europe with 163 samples, EOF concentrations were higher than NASEM summed PFAS concentrations, and EOF was strongly associated with PFAS burden scores and NASEM sum. EOF does not identify or differentiate non-PFAS sources of fluorine which limits identification of individual molecules and their potential toxicity. Correlations between EOF, summed targeted PFAS concentrations, and PFAS burden scores demonstrated that EOF is a practical tool for estimating PFAS exposure and identifying individuals with high exposure to PFAS. Thus, EOF could be utilized for identifying individuals or sub-populations with high aggregate PFAS exposure. Practical considerations in laboratory analyses, including instrumentation, sample matrix, and sample extraction procedure, remain potential barriers to widespread implementation of EOF as a biomonitoring tool.
{"title":"Evaluation and comparison of tools used to quantify aggregate PFAS exposure: Extractable organic fluorine, PFAS burden scores and summed PFAS concentrations","authors":"Rachel A. Klein, Shelley H. Liu, Joseph M. Braun, Katherine E. Manz","doi":"10.1038/s41370-025-00806-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-025-00806-x","url":null,"abstract":"Bioaccumulation, widespread usage, and adverse human health effects emphasize per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) as an important public health concern. There is a need for an aggregate PFAS exposure measure due to the increasing diversity of structures. Aggregate measures are important for informing clinical care, biomonitoring, and research standardization. Current approaches for human biomonitoring of PFAS include targeting and quantifying a limited number of molecules and estimating exposure based on summed concentrations or statistical modeling. Extractable organofluorine (EOF) has been proposed as an aggregate PFAS biomarker that quantifies the total organically bound fluorine in a sample, encompassing PFAS regardless of knowing the exact chemical structures. However, EOF in human biomonitoring studies or environmental epidemiology is limited. The objective of this study is to comprehensively assess human studies that measure EOF and target PFAS in the same sample by conducting a literature search, data extraction, and secondary data analysis. We assessed the correlation of three aggregate PFAS exposure metrics with each other: EOF, adjusted summed concentrations of PFAS identified by the National Academies of Science Engineering and Medicine (NASEM), and PFAS burden scores. Across 8 published studies from US, Asia and Europe with 163 samples, EOF concentrations were higher than NASEM summed PFAS concentrations, and EOF was strongly associated with PFAS burden scores and NASEM sum. EOF does not identify or differentiate non-PFAS sources of fluorine which limits identification of individual molecules and their potential toxicity. Correlations between EOF, summed targeted PFAS concentrations, and PFAS burden scores demonstrated that EOF is a practical tool for estimating PFAS exposure and identifying individuals with high exposure to PFAS. Thus, EOF could be utilized for identifying individuals or sub-populations with high aggregate PFAS exposure. Practical considerations in laboratory analyses, including instrumentation, sample matrix, and sample extraction procedure, remain potential barriers to widespread implementation of EOF as a biomonitoring tool.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"35 6","pages":"1020-1029"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41370-025-00806-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145215494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-02DOI: 10.1038/s41370-025-00805-y
Jeffrey M. Minucci, Kent Thomas, Jason D. Boettger, Nicole M. DeLuca, Dylan J. Wallis, Peter P. Egeghy, Elaine A. Cohen Hubal
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are anthropogenic chemicals with unique properties and functionality that enable multiple industrial processes and product applications. PFAS are generally persistent, widely distributed in environmental media, and linked to various adverse health effects. The primary pathway of PFAS exposure to impacted communities is through contaminated drinking water. While many studies have demonstrated exposures from contaminated drinking water in such communities, less is known about the contribution of exposure from sources within the residential environment. Measurement data on the nature and level of PFAS in house dust, indoor surfaces, indoor air, soil and wristbands are required to identify and understand important pathways for human exposure. In this study, we collected house dust, surface wipe, indoor air, wristband, and soil samples at homes recruited from two communities previously impacted by drinking water contamination, one in Massachusetts and one in Delaware. At every home (n = 79), a floor dust sample was collected, while in a subset of homes (n = 28), more extensive environmental sampling was conducted. All samples collected were analyzed for up to 70 PFAS depending on the sample type. PFAS were found in all types of household samples, with 30 different PFAS detected in ≥50% of homes for at least one sample type. Vacuum dust, floor dust and soil had the highest detection rates across most PFAS. However, certain PFAS precursors were more prevalent in surface wipes, indoor air, and wristbands (e.g., FTOHs, FOSEs, FOSAs). diPAPs were widely detected across all sample types and had the highest concentrations among all analytes in dust, surface wipes and wristbands. A comparative analysis between the two sampling sites highlighted significant differences in PFAS profiles, with Delaware exhibiting higher levels of PFAAs in dust and soil, while Massachusetts showed greater concentrations of diPAPs across various media sampled. These findings highlight the widespread presence of PFAS in the residential environment, and the need for mitigation strategies that address both legacy compounds and emerging precursors across numerous media.
{"title":"Collection of multimedia measurements to evaluate PFAS human exposure sources in the residential environment","authors":"Jeffrey M. Minucci, Kent Thomas, Jason D. Boettger, Nicole M. DeLuca, Dylan J. Wallis, Peter P. Egeghy, Elaine A. Cohen Hubal","doi":"10.1038/s41370-025-00805-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-025-00805-y","url":null,"abstract":"Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are anthropogenic chemicals with unique properties and functionality that enable multiple industrial processes and product applications. PFAS are generally persistent, widely distributed in environmental media, and linked to various adverse health effects. The primary pathway of PFAS exposure to impacted communities is through contaminated drinking water. While many studies have demonstrated exposures from contaminated drinking water in such communities, less is known about the contribution of exposure from sources within the residential environment. Measurement data on the nature and level of PFAS in house dust, indoor surfaces, indoor air, soil and wristbands are required to identify and understand important pathways for human exposure. In this study, we collected house dust, surface wipe, indoor air, wristband, and soil samples at homes recruited from two communities previously impacted by drinking water contamination, one in Massachusetts and one in Delaware. At every home (n = 79), a floor dust sample was collected, while in a subset of homes (n = 28), more extensive environmental sampling was conducted. All samples collected were analyzed for up to 70 PFAS depending on the sample type. PFAS were found in all types of household samples, with 30 different PFAS detected in ≥50% of homes for at least one sample type. Vacuum dust, floor dust and soil had the highest detection rates across most PFAS. However, certain PFAS precursors were more prevalent in surface wipes, indoor air, and wristbands (e.g., FTOHs, FOSEs, FOSAs). diPAPs were widely detected across all sample types and had the highest concentrations among all analytes in dust, surface wipes and wristbands. A comparative analysis between the two sampling sites highlighted significant differences in PFAS profiles, with Delaware exhibiting higher levels of PFAAs in dust and soil, while Massachusetts showed greater concentrations of diPAPs across various media sampled. These findings highlight the widespread presence of PFAS in the residential environment, and the need for mitigation strategies that address both legacy compounds and emerging precursors across numerous media.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"35 6","pages":"1050-1059"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41370-025-00805-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145215488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-12DOI: 10.1038/s41370-025-00803-0
Ruth M. Lunn, Meredith Clemons, Robyn Blain, Somdat Mahabir, Suril S. Mehta, Andrew A. Rooney, Anisha Singh, Stephanie Smith-Roe, Kyla W. Taylor, Wren Tracy, Maricruz Zarco, Suzanne E. Fenton
In February 2023, people residing in the village of East Palestine (EP, Ohio, USA) and surrounding areas were exposed to toxic chemicals from a Norfolk Southern Railway train derailment and subsequent vent and burn. To identify known health hazards and evidence gaps from these chemicals to inform disaster-response research. We conducted a rapid phased literature scoping review. In Phase 1, we summarized major conclusions from eight authoritative sources across ~15 health hazard categories for 22 chemicals potentially related to the train derailment and response. In Phase 2, we conducted targeted literature searches in PubMed for higher-priority chemicals and outcomes with research gaps, considering the recency of authoritative reviews. Finally, we summarized findings from the retrieved studies and those from authoritative reviews to further characterize evidence gaps and the next steps. Eight higher-priority chemicals were skin and eye irritants, seven of which were also respiratory irritants, consistent with symptoms reported by East Palestine residents and workers. Five chemicals were human or animal carcinogens; two may cause adverse immunological or neurological effects, and one may cause damage to reproductive organs or the developing fetus. Vinyl chloride had the most comprehensive data. After Phase 2 literature searches, we suggested the need for primary studies for 12 chemical outcome pairs and a systematic review for two pairs. Our rapid literature scoping approach can provide knowledge for researchers conducting community studies and public health officials who communicate with the affected community on the known and unknown health hazards of chemicals related to the East Palestine train derailment. It also informs global disaster-response-related research, as these chemicals are commercially important and have been detected in other chemical release incidents. Moreover, our rapid literature scoping phased approach can be leveraged for environmental emergencies when the need for health hazard information is urgent. Our rapid literature scoping approach can provide knowledge for researchers conducting community studies and public health officials who communicate with the affected community on the known and unknown health hazards of chemicals related to the East Palestine train derailment. It also informs global disaster-response-related research, as these chemicals are commercially important and have been detected in other chemical release incidents. Moreover, the phased approach used for our rapid literature scoping review can be leveraged for environmental emergencies when the need for health hazard information is urgent.
{"title":"Identifying the known and unknown health hazard information for chemical disasters: a phased scoping review of the East Palestine, Ohio train derailment","authors":"Ruth M. Lunn, Meredith Clemons, Robyn Blain, Somdat Mahabir, Suril S. Mehta, Andrew A. Rooney, Anisha Singh, Stephanie Smith-Roe, Kyla W. Taylor, Wren Tracy, Maricruz Zarco, Suzanne E. Fenton","doi":"10.1038/s41370-025-00803-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-025-00803-0","url":null,"abstract":"In February 2023, people residing in the village of East Palestine (EP, Ohio, USA) and surrounding areas were exposed to toxic chemicals from a Norfolk Southern Railway train derailment and subsequent vent and burn. To identify known health hazards and evidence gaps from these chemicals to inform disaster-response research. We conducted a rapid phased literature scoping review. In Phase 1, we summarized major conclusions from eight authoritative sources across ~15 health hazard categories for 22 chemicals potentially related to the train derailment and response. In Phase 2, we conducted targeted literature searches in PubMed for higher-priority chemicals and outcomes with research gaps, considering the recency of authoritative reviews. Finally, we summarized findings from the retrieved studies and those from authoritative reviews to further characterize evidence gaps and the next steps. Eight higher-priority chemicals were skin and eye irritants, seven of which were also respiratory irritants, consistent with symptoms reported by East Palestine residents and workers. Five chemicals were human or animal carcinogens; two may cause adverse immunological or neurological effects, and one may cause damage to reproductive organs or the developing fetus. Vinyl chloride had the most comprehensive data. After Phase 2 literature searches, we suggested the need for primary studies for 12 chemical outcome pairs and a systematic review for two pairs. Our rapid literature scoping approach can provide knowledge for researchers conducting community studies and public health officials who communicate with the affected community on the known and unknown health hazards of chemicals related to the East Palestine train derailment. It also informs global disaster-response-related research, as these chemicals are commercially important and have been detected in other chemical release incidents. Moreover, our rapid literature scoping phased approach can be leveraged for environmental emergencies when the need for health hazard information is urgent. Our rapid literature scoping approach can provide knowledge for researchers conducting community studies and public health officials who communicate with the affected community on the known and unknown health hazards of chemicals related to the East Palestine train derailment. It also informs global disaster-response-related research, as these chemicals are commercially important and have been detected in other chemical release incidents. Moreover, the phased approach used for our rapid literature scoping review can be leveraged for environmental emergencies when the need for health hazard information is urgent.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"35 6","pages":"888-906"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41370-025-00803-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145056532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-25DOI: 10.1038/s41370-025-00802-1
Jennifer L. Ish, Meklit Daniel, Patrick Ringwald, Nicole M. Niehoff, Rena R. Jones, Alexandra J. White
Commercial address data can help reconstruct detailed residential histories, which are crucial for accurate assessment of geospatial-based environmental exposures in epidemiologic studies. To reconstruct and assess the accuracy of pre-baseline residential histories for the Sister Study, an ongoing United States-wide prospective cohort. We used LexisNexis® Accruint® to construct pre-baseline residential histories for 47,557 participants. A subset (N = 823) validated their LexisNexis-derived addresses via a supplemental questionnaire. We assessed the proportion of addresses with verified locations and timeframes by sociodemographic and geographic characteristics. Residential histories were reconstructed for 93.5% of participants, adding a median of 25 years of data. The histories accurately captured 95% of address locations and 82% of residence durations, with improved accuracy after 1990.
{"title":"Accuracy of LexisNexis-derived retrospective address histories in the Sister Study cohort","authors":"Jennifer L. Ish, Meklit Daniel, Patrick Ringwald, Nicole M. Niehoff, Rena R. Jones, Alexandra J. White","doi":"10.1038/s41370-025-00802-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-025-00802-1","url":null,"abstract":"Commercial address data can help reconstruct detailed residential histories, which are crucial for accurate assessment of geospatial-based environmental exposures in epidemiologic studies. To reconstruct and assess the accuracy of pre-baseline residential histories for the Sister Study, an ongoing United States-wide prospective cohort. We used LexisNexis® Accruint® to construct pre-baseline residential histories for 47,557 participants. A subset (N = 823) validated their LexisNexis-derived addresses via a supplemental questionnaire. We assessed the proportion of addresses with verified locations and timeframes by sociodemographic and geographic characteristics. Residential histories were reconstructed for 93.5% of participants, adding a median of 25 years of data. The histories accurately captured 95% of address locations and 82% of residence durations, with improved accuracy after 1990.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"36 2","pages":"244-250"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12444789/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144986353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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