Pub Date : 2025-06-02DOI: 10.1038/s41370-025-00782-2
Zhi Hao Chi, Lan Liu, Jingyun Zheng, Lei Tian, Jonathan Chevrier, Riana Bornman, Muvhulawa Obida, Cindy Gates Goodyer, Barbara F. Hales, Stéphane Bayen
Plastic-related contaminants, such as bisphenols, can enter the maternal body and be transferred to breast milk. While common bisphenols such as bisphenol A, S, F and AF have been detected in previous studies, there is limited knowledge about the occurrence of other structurally similar compounds in human milk with potential endocrine-disrupting properties. In this study, we investigated structural analogues and functional alternatives of bisphenol A (BPA) in 594 human milk samples collected from Canada (Montreal) and South Africa (Vhembe and Pretoria) using LC-Q-TOF-MS through suspect screening. Suspect screening was performed using data collected from the milk samples using a customized database library (204 compounds). A retrospective semi-quantitative approach was then applied to estimate the levels of TGSA, D-8 and D-90 in human milk. This work revealed the presence of eleven compounds, including four compounds commonly used in thermal labels, four ultraviolet filters, and three synthetic antioxidants or metabolites. Retrospective semi-quantification of D-8, D-90 and TGSA revealed levels of up to 1.24, 1.98, and 0.72 ng/mL in milk, respectively. Several structural analogues and functional alternatives of bisphenol A were identified in human milk through non-targeted screening. Two other phenolic compounds (Irganox 1010 and BHT-COOH) were identified in human milk for the first time. This study highlights the importance of novel strategies in human milk biomonitoring to identify emerging contaminants to which breastfeeding infants are exposed.
{"title":"Suspect screening of bisphenol A (BPA) structural analogues and functional alternatives in human milk from Canada and South Africa","authors":"Zhi Hao Chi, Lan Liu, Jingyun Zheng, Lei Tian, Jonathan Chevrier, Riana Bornman, Muvhulawa Obida, Cindy Gates Goodyer, Barbara F. Hales, Stéphane Bayen","doi":"10.1038/s41370-025-00782-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-025-00782-2","url":null,"abstract":"Plastic-related contaminants, such as bisphenols, can enter the maternal body and be transferred to breast milk. While common bisphenols such as bisphenol A, S, F and AF have been detected in previous studies, there is limited knowledge about the occurrence of other structurally similar compounds in human milk with potential endocrine-disrupting properties. In this study, we investigated structural analogues and functional alternatives of bisphenol A (BPA) in 594 human milk samples collected from Canada (Montreal) and South Africa (Vhembe and Pretoria) using LC-Q-TOF-MS through suspect screening. Suspect screening was performed using data collected from the milk samples using a customized database library (204 compounds). A retrospective semi-quantitative approach was then applied to estimate the levels of TGSA, D-8 and D-90 in human milk. This work revealed the presence of eleven compounds, including four compounds commonly used in thermal labels, four ultraviolet filters, and three synthetic antioxidants or metabolites. Retrospective semi-quantification of D-8, D-90 and TGSA revealed levels of up to 1.24, 1.98, and 0.72 ng/mL in milk, respectively. Several structural analogues and functional alternatives of bisphenol A were identified in human milk through non-targeted screening. Two other phenolic compounds (Irganox 1010 and BHT-COOH) were identified in human milk for the first time. This study highlights the importance of novel strategies in human milk biomonitoring to identify emerging contaminants to which breastfeeding infants are exposed.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"35 4","pages":"557-566"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144208692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-22DOI: 10.1038/s41370-025-00779-x
Erin N. Haynes
The health of every nation depends on the quality of its environment. Toxic chemicals in food, soil, water, and air are intimately linked to human health. The health and safety of the American public, including its workers, are at risk due to the broad reduction in the workforce in federal agencies established to safeguard the public and worker health. The uncertain future of federal support for academic institutions that serves as a vital engine working to protect environmental public health through critical research, training, and public outreach is of pressing concern.
{"title":"Statement in support of exposure science and the scientists that make America healthy","authors":"Erin N. Haynes","doi":"10.1038/s41370-025-00779-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-025-00779-x","url":null,"abstract":"The health of every nation depends on the quality of its environment. Toxic chemicals in food, soil, water, and air are intimately linked to human health. The health and safety of the American public, including its workers, are at risk due to the broad reduction in the workforce in federal agencies established to safeguard the public and worker health. The uncertain future of federal support for academic institutions that serves as a vital engine working to protect environmental public health through critical research, training, and public outreach is of pressing concern.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"35 4","pages":"521-521"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41370-025-00779-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-22DOI: 10.1038/s41370-025-00781-3
Aashna Pranav Shah, Souzana Achilleos, Veronica A. Wang, Michael Leung, Marc G. Weisskopf, Theopisti Kyprianou, Petros Koutrakis, Stefania Papatheodorou
While ambient climatic factors are linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes, only a few studies examine the risk of pregnancy loss. This study aims to examine the effects of climatic factors on pregnancy loss in Nicosia, Cyprus, an area that is highly affected by climate change. Birth registry data obtained from maternity units in Nicosia from 2014–2019 were linked with daily meteorological and traffic pollution data (minimum and maximum temperature, °C; relative humidity [RH], %; and nitrogen dioxide [NO2], μg/m3). We also estimated other climatic factors from the obtained data (mean weekly temperature, standard deviation of weekly temperature and RH [temperature and RH variability], and heat index [HI]). We used a novel variation of time-series design and distributed lag models adjusting for secular trends and air pollution to explore the association between climatic factors and weekly live-birth identified conceptions (LBICs), to indirectly estimate pregnancy losses. There were 26,382 live births over the study period, with an average weekly LBICs of 84.7( ± 12.2). We found an association between exposure to higher temperature between gestation weeks 0–9 and pregnancy loss, with the strongest association in weeks 0–1. Specifically, for a 5°C increase in mean week 0–1 temperature, 3.17 (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.06–5.28) additional conceptions would result in pregnancy losses. A similar effect during early pregnancy was found for exposure to minimum and maximum temperature, HI, and RH. Furthermore, we found that temperature variability may have an impact in later weeks during pregnancy, with the strongest estimate in week 26 (6.70 [95% CI: 0.78–13.21] losses per 5 °C increase in standard deviation of weekly temperature). Similar results were observed for RH variability. This research investigates the link between climatic factors and pregnancy loss in Nicosia, Cyprus, a region experiencing rising temperatures and humidity levels. By analyzing live birth data using a novel time-series approach, the study finds that higher temperatures and humidity levels are associated with increased pregnancy loss, particularly in early gestation. These findings underscore the need for targeted public health interventions, such as heat warning systems, to mitigate the impact of climate change on vulnerable populations. As climate change escalates, understanding these associations is crucial for developing effective strategies to protect maternal and fetal health.
{"title":"Associations of climatic factors with pregnancy loss in Nicosia, Cyprus","authors":"Aashna Pranav Shah, Souzana Achilleos, Veronica A. Wang, Michael Leung, Marc G. Weisskopf, Theopisti Kyprianou, Petros Koutrakis, Stefania Papatheodorou","doi":"10.1038/s41370-025-00781-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-025-00781-3","url":null,"abstract":"While ambient climatic factors are linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes, only a few studies examine the risk of pregnancy loss. This study aims to examine the effects of climatic factors on pregnancy loss in Nicosia, Cyprus, an area that is highly affected by climate change. Birth registry data obtained from maternity units in Nicosia from 2014–2019 were linked with daily meteorological and traffic pollution data (minimum and maximum temperature, °C; relative humidity [RH], %; and nitrogen dioxide [NO2], μg/m3). We also estimated other climatic factors from the obtained data (mean weekly temperature, standard deviation of weekly temperature and RH [temperature and RH variability], and heat index [HI]). We used a novel variation of time-series design and distributed lag models adjusting for secular trends and air pollution to explore the association between climatic factors and weekly live-birth identified conceptions (LBICs), to indirectly estimate pregnancy losses. There were 26,382 live births over the study period, with an average weekly LBICs of 84.7( ± 12.2). We found an association between exposure to higher temperature between gestation weeks 0–9 and pregnancy loss, with the strongest association in weeks 0–1. Specifically, for a 5°C increase in mean week 0–1 temperature, 3.17 (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.06–5.28) additional conceptions would result in pregnancy losses. A similar effect during early pregnancy was found for exposure to minimum and maximum temperature, HI, and RH. Furthermore, we found that temperature variability may have an impact in later weeks during pregnancy, with the strongest estimate in week 26 (6.70 [95% CI: 0.78–13.21] losses per 5 °C increase in standard deviation of weekly temperature). Similar results were observed for RH variability. This research investigates the link between climatic factors and pregnancy loss in Nicosia, Cyprus, a region experiencing rising temperatures and humidity levels. By analyzing live birth data using a novel time-series approach, the study finds that higher temperatures and humidity levels are associated with increased pregnancy loss, particularly in early gestation. These findings underscore the need for targeted public health interventions, such as heat warning systems, to mitigate the impact of climate change on vulnerable populations. As climate change escalates, understanding these associations is crucial for developing effective strategies to protect maternal and fetal health.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"35 5","pages":"831-838"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144127794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-21DOI: 10.1038/s41370-025-00780-4
Wei-Lun Tsai, Thomas J. Luben, Kristen M. Rappazzo
Higher levels of neighborhood greenery have been associated with improved birth outcomes. However, many studies use metrics relying on vegetation density and are not able to distinguish types of greenery or spatial context, which may result in variation in potential benefits. We examined relationships between term low birth weight (TLBW) and preterm birth (PTB), and different types of neighborhood greenery (i.e., tree cover, herbaceous cover, and aggregate greenery) within various spatial contexts (i.e., Euclidean distance and network distance-based buffers, and busy roadways to represent overall, street, and near-road greenery). North Carolina birth registry data from 2003 to 2015 were used to create a singleton live birth cohort and linked to greenery metrics from EnviroAtlas. Logistic regression models were used to estimate OR (95%CI) for associations between greenery metrics and TLBW (<2500 g) or PTB (<37 weeks gestational age) adjusting for potential confounders. Analyses were stratified by race/ethnicity, as many studies report potential differences in proximity to greenery across these groups. We observed modest associations between multiple measures of neighborhood greenery and TLBW and PTB. Most of our results indicated a decreased odds of adverse birth outcomes with increasing levels of neighborhood greenery, but some associations showed increased odds of adverse birth outcomes. We observed the strongest associations between overall aggregate greenery with TLBW (0.967 [0.939, 0.996]) and near-road tree cover with PTB (0.985 [0.971, 0.999]). We also observed unexpected associations between increased greenway density and TLBW among non-Hispanic Black mothers (1.181 [1.049, 1.326]). In contrast, we observed a decreased odds of PTB associated with increased greenway density for non-Hispanic white mothers (0.926 [0.871, 0.983]). We examined relationships between adverse birth outcomes and different types of neighborhood greenery, generally finding decreased odds of adverse birth outcomes with increasing levels of neighborhood greenery, with the strongest associations between aggregate greenery based on the Euclidean distance and decreased odds of term low birth weight. However, we also observed unexpected associations with increased greenway density and increased term low birth weight among non-Hispanic Black mothers. These results highlight the importance of considering the ways greenspace may or may not benefit some communities and will be important in guiding future efforts to increase instorative value or restore neighborhood greenspaces.
{"title":"Associations between neighborhood greenery and birth outcomes in a North Carolina cohort","authors":"Wei-Lun Tsai, Thomas J. Luben, Kristen M. Rappazzo","doi":"10.1038/s41370-025-00780-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-025-00780-4","url":null,"abstract":"Higher levels of neighborhood greenery have been associated with improved birth outcomes. However, many studies use metrics relying on vegetation density and are not able to distinguish types of greenery or spatial context, which may result in variation in potential benefits. We examined relationships between term low birth weight (TLBW) and preterm birth (PTB), and different types of neighborhood greenery (i.e., tree cover, herbaceous cover, and aggregate greenery) within various spatial contexts (i.e., Euclidean distance and network distance-based buffers, and busy roadways to represent overall, street, and near-road greenery). North Carolina birth registry data from 2003 to 2015 were used to create a singleton live birth cohort and linked to greenery metrics from EnviroAtlas. Logistic regression models were used to estimate OR (95%CI) for associations between greenery metrics and TLBW (<2500 g) or PTB (<37 weeks gestational age) adjusting for potential confounders. Analyses were stratified by race/ethnicity, as many studies report potential differences in proximity to greenery across these groups. We observed modest associations between multiple measures of neighborhood greenery and TLBW and PTB. Most of our results indicated a decreased odds of adverse birth outcomes with increasing levels of neighborhood greenery, but some associations showed increased odds of adverse birth outcomes. We observed the strongest associations between overall aggregate greenery with TLBW (0.967 [0.939, 0.996]) and near-road tree cover with PTB (0.985 [0.971, 0.999]). We also observed unexpected associations between increased greenway density and TLBW among non-Hispanic Black mothers (1.181 [1.049, 1.326]). In contrast, we observed a decreased odds of PTB associated with increased greenway density for non-Hispanic white mothers (0.926 [0.871, 0.983]). We examined relationships between adverse birth outcomes and different types of neighborhood greenery, generally finding decreased odds of adverse birth outcomes with increasing levels of neighborhood greenery, with the strongest associations between aggregate greenery based on the Euclidean distance and decreased odds of term low birth weight. However, we also observed unexpected associations with increased greenway density and increased term low birth weight among non-Hispanic Black mothers. These results highlight the importance of considering the ways greenspace may or may not benefit some communities and will be important in guiding future efforts to increase instorative value or restore neighborhood greenspaces.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"35 5","pages":"821-830"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144119673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-08DOI: 10.1038/s41370-025-00778-y
Danielle A. Baguley, Gareth S. Evans, Delphine Bard, Paul S. Monks, Rebecca L. Cordell
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a technique by which materials are continually added in layers to form structures. The technique has grown in popularity over the past decade and affordable desktop 3D printers are now widely used in schools, universities, businesses, and hospitals. Understanding the types of chemical emissions from these 3D printers and their potential health effects is essential to safely use this technology. A scoping literature review on volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from resin-bed and filament 3D printers has been conducted. Most of the published research has focused on emissions from filament 3D printers. VOC emissions from resin 3D printers have been reported mostly as carbonyl compounds or methacrylate monomers. Filament VOC emissions are more varied in composition reflecting the constituents in the filaments used in this printer. The published research reported that the airborne concentrations of specific VOCs from 3D desktop printers fell below the HSE British workplace exposure limits (WELs). This may suggest that VOC emissions from these printers do not present a risk to occupational health. However, caution is required in reaching this conclusion because most of these studies quantified specific VOC emissions using methods different to those required by workplace regulatory standards. Other exposure circumstances, such as the effect of total VOC emissions, need to be considered, particularly for vulnerable groups, including individuals with respiratory disease, the elderly, or young children. Variables that could increase exposure and risks to health include long print times, multiple 3D printers, and poor ventilation. Research on the VOC emissions from resin 3D printers is required using experimental emission chambers.
{"title":"Review of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from desktop 3D printers and associated health implications","authors":"Danielle A. Baguley, Gareth S. Evans, Delphine Bard, Paul S. Monks, Rebecca L. Cordell","doi":"10.1038/s41370-025-00778-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-025-00778-y","url":null,"abstract":"Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a technique by which materials are continually added in layers to form structures. The technique has grown in popularity over the past decade and affordable desktop 3D printers are now widely used in schools, universities, businesses, and hospitals. Understanding the types of chemical emissions from these 3D printers and their potential health effects is essential to safely use this technology. A scoping literature review on volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from resin-bed and filament 3D printers has been conducted. Most of the published research has focused on emissions from filament 3D printers. VOC emissions from resin 3D printers have been reported mostly as carbonyl compounds or methacrylate monomers. Filament VOC emissions are more varied in composition reflecting the constituents in the filaments used in this printer. The published research reported that the airborne concentrations of specific VOCs from 3D desktop printers fell below the HSE British workplace exposure limits (WELs). This may suggest that VOC emissions from these printers do not present a risk to occupational health. However, caution is required in reaching this conclusion because most of these studies quantified specific VOC emissions using methods different to those required by workplace regulatory standards. Other exposure circumstances, such as the effect of total VOC emissions, need to be considered, particularly for vulnerable groups, including individuals with respiratory disease, the elderly, or young children. Variables that could increase exposure and risks to health include long print times, multiple 3D printers, and poor ventilation. Research on the VOC emissions from resin 3D printers is required using experimental emission chambers.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"36 1","pages":"149-166"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41370-025-00778-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143995152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-06DOI: 10.1038/s41370-025-00774-2
Sanjida J. Mowla, Alison K. Krajewski, Adrien A. Wilkie, Kristen M. Rappazzo, Thomas J. Luben
Exposures to ambient air pollutants during pregnancy are associated with preterm birth (PTB) in studies that evaluate average pollutant concentrations during potential “windows of susceptibility,” referred to as critical windows. We evaluated associations between ozone (O3) or particulate matter <2.5 micrometers (PM2.5) during pregnancy and PTB, using continuous and categorical metrics of average exposure and repeated exceedances of threshold concentrations. We analyzed data from North Carolina (NC) birth certificates from the NC Birth Defects Monitoring Program, limited to live, singleton births without birth defects and delivered from 2003–2015. The EPA’s Fused Air Quality Surface Using Downscaling (fCMAQ) model was used to assign exposures for trimester-average and daily threshold exceedances for O3 (daily 8-h maximum) and PM2.5 (24-h average) at different daily threshold concentrations (O3: 55–70 ppb; PM2.5: 20–35 µg/m3) during trimesters 1 and 2 of pregnancy. Descriptive statistics, including weighted kappa statistics, were evaluated. Modified Poisson regression models were used to estimate adjusted risk differences (RDs) per 10,000 births. Among the cohort of 1,368,370 births, 8.4% were PTBs. The number of daily exposure exceedances ranged from 0 to 81 days over different threshold concentrations during trimester 1 or 2. There was slight to moderate agreement in risk associated with trimester average and daily threshold exposures exceedances, with decreased agreement among higher threshold concentrations. RDs ranged from −31 to 29 for average O3 exposure and from −2 to 89 for repeated O3 threshold exceedances. RDs ranged from 23 to 120 for average PM2.5 exposure and from −227 to 118 for repeated PM2.5 exposure. This study provides insights into the heterogeneity in risk of PTB when assessing different air pollution exposure metrics. This study investigates the impact of O3 and PM2.5 exposures during pregnancy on the risk of PTB, using measures based on both average concentrations and repeated exceedances of threshold levels. The findings address uncertainties identified in recent NAAQS reviews and suggests that repeated exposure metrics may capture differences in exposure that are not apparent when evaluating average exposure metrics.
{"title":"Air pollution and preterm birth: comparing trimester average and repeated threshold exposure metrics in a North Carolina birth cohort, 2003–2015","authors":"Sanjida J. Mowla, Alison K. Krajewski, Adrien A. Wilkie, Kristen M. Rappazzo, Thomas J. Luben","doi":"10.1038/s41370-025-00774-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-025-00774-2","url":null,"abstract":"Exposures to ambient air pollutants during pregnancy are associated with preterm birth (PTB) in studies that evaluate average pollutant concentrations during potential “windows of susceptibility,” referred to as critical windows. We evaluated associations between ozone (O3) or particulate matter <2.5 micrometers (PM2.5) during pregnancy and PTB, using continuous and categorical metrics of average exposure and repeated exceedances of threshold concentrations. We analyzed data from North Carolina (NC) birth certificates from the NC Birth Defects Monitoring Program, limited to live, singleton births without birth defects and delivered from 2003–2015. The EPA’s Fused Air Quality Surface Using Downscaling (fCMAQ) model was used to assign exposures for trimester-average and daily threshold exceedances for O3 (daily 8-h maximum) and PM2.5 (24-h average) at different daily threshold concentrations (O3: 55–70 ppb; PM2.5: 20–35 µg/m3) during trimesters 1 and 2 of pregnancy. Descriptive statistics, including weighted kappa statistics, were evaluated. Modified Poisson regression models were used to estimate adjusted risk differences (RDs) per 10,000 births. Among the cohort of 1,368,370 births, 8.4% were PTBs. The number of daily exposure exceedances ranged from 0 to 81 days over different threshold concentrations during trimester 1 or 2. There was slight to moderate agreement in risk associated with trimester average and daily threshold exposures exceedances, with decreased agreement among higher threshold concentrations. RDs ranged from −31 to 29 for average O3 exposure and from −2 to 89 for repeated O3 threshold exceedances. RDs ranged from 23 to 120 for average PM2.5 exposure and from −227 to 118 for repeated PM2.5 exposure. This study provides insights into the heterogeneity in risk of PTB when assessing different air pollution exposure metrics. This study investigates the impact of O3 and PM2.5 exposures during pregnancy on the risk of PTB, using measures based on both average concentrations and repeated exceedances of threshold levels. The findings address uncertainties identified in recent NAAQS reviews and suggests that repeated exposure metrics may capture differences in exposure that are not apparent when evaluating average exposure metrics.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"36 1","pages":"101-111"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41370-025-00774-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143999338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-05DOI: 10.1038/s41370-025-00777-z
M. Luke Smith, Richard F. MacLehose, Jesse D. Berman
Thunderstorm asthma is an increase in severe asthma following thunderstorm events during high pollen conditions. However, sparse pollen measurements hinder epidemiological research of this phenomenon. Is pollen measured at a single site predictive of thunderstorm asthma risk across a broad region? We conducted a meta-analysis to estimate thunderstorm asthma risk on 19 city-level sites incorporating local weather and patient data but a single pollen site. We use meta-regression to explore effect modification by land cover and distance from pollen measurement location. Meta-analysis showed no evidence of a state-wide thunderstorm asthma effect. Meta-regressions suggest that increased vegetation was associated with higher thunderstorm asthma risk with reduced risk at greater distances from pollen collection sites. The phenomenon of thunderstorm asthma in the U.S. remains poorly studied due to geographically sparse pollen collection sites. Using a 19-city study, we demonstrate that incorporating environmental characteristics, such as land cover of allergic-type pollen-producing grasslands and deciduous trees, can improve the prediction of thunderstorm asthma risk at far distances from pollen monitors. By increasing the precision of pollen estimates, we can improve the estimation of thunderstorm asthma human health risks and potentially optimize decisions for new pollen collection sites.
{"title":"Can a single pollen measurement site provide exposure information for health research across an entire state? Results from a study of allergic-type asthma associated with thunderstorms (2007–2018)","authors":"M. Luke Smith, Richard F. MacLehose, Jesse D. Berman","doi":"10.1038/s41370-025-00777-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-025-00777-z","url":null,"abstract":"Thunderstorm asthma is an increase in severe asthma following thunderstorm events during high pollen conditions. However, sparse pollen measurements hinder epidemiological research of this phenomenon. Is pollen measured at a single site predictive of thunderstorm asthma risk across a broad region? We conducted a meta-analysis to estimate thunderstorm asthma risk on 19 city-level sites incorporating local weather and patient data but a single pollen site. We use meta-regression to explore effect modification by land cover and distance from pollen measurement location. Meta-analysis showed no evidence of a state-wide thunderstorm asthma effect. Meta-regressions suggest that increased vegetation was associated with higher thunderstorm asthma risk with reduced risk at greater distances from pollen collection sites. The phenomenon of thunderstorm asthma in the U.S. remains poorly studied due to geographically sparse pollen collection sites. Using a 19-city study, we demonstrate that incorporating environmental characteristics, such as land cover of allergic-type pollen-producing grasslands and deciduous trees, can improve the prediction of thunderstorm asthma risk at far distances from pollen monitors. By increasing the precision of pollen estimates, we can improve the estimation of thunderstorm asthma human health risks and potentially optimize decisions for new pollen collection sites.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"36 1","pages":"143-148"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41370-025-00777-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144039495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-24DOI: 10.1038/s41370-025-00773-3
Yasrab N. Raza, Julia S. El-Sayed Moustafa, Xinyuan Zhang, Dongmeng Wang, Max Tomlinson, Mario Falchi, Cristina Menni, Ruth C. E. Bowyer, Claire J. Steves, Kerrin S. Small
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid (PFOS) are synthetic substances with long half-lives. Their presence is widespread and pervasive, and they are noted for their environmental persistence. Research has shown these chemicals to be associated with dyslipidaemia, although few studies have considered the long-term associations in the general population. The aim of this study was to consider the longitudinal and cross-sectional associations with lipid phenotypes. We investigated the association of these chemicals with total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (TG), and the total cholesterol: high-density lipoprotein ratio (TC:HDL), in a healthy unselected British population of twins (n = 2069), measured at three timepoints between 1996 and 2014. Serum levels of PFOA and PFOS decreased over time during this period. We demonstrate longitudinal associations across serum levels of both PFOA and PFOS, finding positive associations with TC (PFOA:β = 0.51, p = 1.9e−07; PFOS:β = 0.24, p = 3.8e−05) and LDL (PFOA:β = 0.61, p = 1.7e−11; PFOS:β = 0.42, p = 1.6e−14), and consistent negative associations with HDL and PFOA (β = −0.12, p = 0.003) and PFOS (β = −0.25, p = <2e−16). We also observe cross-sectional associations of PFAS with lipids across all three timepoints.
背景：全氟辛酸（PFOA）和全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）是具有长半衰期的人工合成物质。它们的存在是广泛和无所不在的，它们以其环境持久性而闻名。研究表明，这些化学物质与血脂异常有关，尽管很少有研究考虑到普通人群的长期关联。目的：本研究的目的是考虑与脂质表型的纵向和横断面关联。方法：我们研究了这些化学物质与总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）、甘油三酯（TG）和总胆固醇：高密度脂蛋白比率（TC:HDL）的关系，在1996年至2014年的三个时间点测量了未选择的英国双胞胎人群（n = 2069）。结果：在此期间，血清PFOA和PFOS水平随时间的推移而下降。我们证实了血清中PFOA和PFOS水平的纵向相关性，发现与TC呈正相关(PFOA:β = 0.51, p = 1.9e-07；卵圆孔未闭:β= 0.24,p = 3.8 e-05)和低密度脂蛋白(PFOA:β= 0.61,p = 1.7 e-11;PFOS:β = 0.42, p = 1.6e-14)，并且与HDL和PFOA （β = -0.12, p = 0.003）和PFOS （β = -0.25, p =影响）呈一致的负相关：尽管有法规，但由于PFAS的结构特性，PFAS在环境中仍然存在，使人类暴露于暴露之下。对于这些化学物质的长期低暴露，特别是在未选定的人群中，如何可能影响健康结果，了解较少。本研究报告了PFOA和PFOS在18年内与5种脂质表型的纵向关联，强调尽管血清水平下降，但PFAS暴露可能导致高脂血症。我们进一步研究了三个时间点的横断面关联，以了解时间依赖性效应，证明关联持续存在。这项工作有助于我们了解慢性PFAS暴露的长期影响。
{"title":"Longitudinal association of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) exposure with lipid traits, in a healthy unselected population","authors":"Yasrab N. Raza, Julia S. El-Sayed Moustafa, Xinyuan Zhang, Dongmeng Wang, Max Tomlinson, Mario Falchi, Cristina Menni, Ruth C. E. Bowyer, Claire J. Steves, Kerrin S. Small","doi":"10.1038/s41370-025-00773-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-025-00773-3","url":null,"abstract":"Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid (PFOS) are synthetic substances with long half-lives. Their presence is widespread and pervasive, and they are noted for their environmental persistence. Research has shown these chemicals to be associated with dyslipidaemia, although few studies have considered the long-term associations in the general population. The aim of this study was to consider the longitudinal and cross-sectional associations with lipid phenotypes. We investigated the association of these chemicals with total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (TG), and the total cholesterol: high-density lipoprotein ratio (TC:HDL), in a healthy unselected British population of twins (n = 2069), measured at three timepoints between 1996 and 2014. Serum levels of PFOA and PFOS decreased over time during this period. We demonstrate longitudinal associations across serum levels of both PFOA and PFOS, finding positive associations with TC (PFOA:β = 0.51, p = 1.9e−07; PFOS:β = 0.24, p = 3.8e−05) and LDL (PFOA:β = 0.61, p = 1.7e−11; PFOS:β = 0.42, p = 1.6e−14), and consistent negative associations with HDL and PFOA (β = −0.12, p = 0.003) and PFOS (β = −0.25, p = <2e−16). We also observe cross-sectional associations of PFAS with lipids across all three timepoints.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"35 6","pages":"1060-1068"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7617748/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144018283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-22DOI: 10.1038/s41370-025-00767-1
Alexander J. Northrop, Vivian Do, Perry E. Sheffield, Diana Hernández, Jane Clougherty, Joan A. Casey
Electricity is crucial in sustaining livelihoods from turning the lights on at night, keeping the refrigerator running to avoid food spoilage, and powering electricity-dependent durable medical equipment such as nebulizers. Thus, electricity inaccessibility may result in adverse outcomes. Like other environmental burdens, electricity inaccessibility may be socially patterned, with disproportionate occurrence in racially and economically marginalized communities. To evaluate the 2017-2019 distribution of electricity inaccessibility – defined as power outages and energy insecurity – across historical and present-day measures of community racial disadvantage in New York City (NYC). We measured power outages with NYC 311 outage call reports and the System Average Interruption Frequency Index (SAIFI). We calculated energy insecurity as monthly average energy use, leveraging data from the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority. These three electricity inaccessibility metrics were estimated within both historical Home Owners’ Loan Corporation (HOLC) graded areas (A, ‘best’ through D, ‘redlined’) and present-day racial and economic Index of Concentrations at the Extremes (ICE) census tracts quartiles. Our study covered 396 HOLC areas and 2218 census tracts in NYC. Historically A-graded areas had fewer 311 outage calls and lower SAIFI. Additionally, the rate of 311 outage calls in the present-day most disadvantaged census tracts was nearly six times that of the most privileged tracts. Persistently disadvantaged areas (i.e., both poor HOLC grade and high ICE) had more power outages than consistently advantaged areas. However, the present-day most disadvantaged census tracts still had more power outages than persistently disadvantaged areas.
{"title":"Electricity inaccessibility across historically redlined and present-day disadvantaged areas in New York City","authors":"Alexander J. Northrop, Vivian Do, Perry E. Sheffield, Diana Hernández, Jane Clougherty, Joan A. Casey","doi":"10.1038/s41370-025-00767-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-025-00767-1","url":null,"abstract":"Electricity is crucial in sustaining livelihoods from turning the lights on at night, keeping the refrigerator running to avoid food spoilage, and powering electricity-dependent durable medical equipment such as nebulizers. Thus, electricity inaccessibility may result in adverse outcomes. Like other environmental burdens, electricity inaccessibility may be socially patterned, with disproportionate occurrence in racially and economically marginalized communities. To evaluate the 2017-2019 distribution of electricity inaccessibility – defined as power outages and energy insecurity – across historical and present-day measures of community racial disadvantage in New York City (NYC). We measured power outages with NYC 311 outage call reports and the System Average Interruption Frequency Index (SAIFI). We calculated energy insecurity as monthly average energy use, leveraging data from the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority. These three electricity inaccessibility metrics were estimated within both historical Home Owners’ Loan Corporation (HOLC) graded areas (A, ‘best’ through D, ‘redlined’) and present-day racial and economic Index of Concentrations at the Extremes (ICE) census tracts quartiles. Our study covered 396 HOLC areas and 2218 census tracts in NYC. Historically A-graded areas had fewer 311 outage calls and lower SAIFI. Additionally, the rate of 311 outage calls in the present-day most disadvantaged census tracts was nearly six times that of the most privileged tracts. Persistently disadvantaged areas (i.e., both poor HOLC grade and high ICE) had more power outages than consistently advantaged areas. However, the present-day most disadvantaged census tracts still had more power outages than persistently disadvantaged areas.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"35 5","pages":"848-858"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12401720/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144010728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-17DOI: 10.1038/s41370-025-00769-z
Elizabeth L. Lewis-Michl, Steven P. Forand, Wan-Hsiang Hsu, Sanghamitra S. Savadatti, Ming Liu, June Moore, Qian Wu, Elizabeth J. Mullin, Kenneth M. Aldous
Investigations during 2014–2016 in two communities in New York State showed perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in a public system serving 3800 residents (Hoosick Falls) averaging 534 ppt and in a smaller system serving 200 residents (Petersburgh) averaging 92.5 ppt. Bottled water (2015–2016) was provided until filtration brought PFOA levels to non-detectable (2016–2017). The New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH) sought to address community questions about exposures and evaluate reductions in serum concentrations. NYSDOH tested serum PFOA in 2016 just after drinking water exposure mitigation and again in 2018. Descriptive statistics for serum PFOA by sex, age, length of residence, and water consumption were evaluated using multiple regression, and half-lives were estimated. Using the serum PFOA GM and median for tests occurring within 3 months of exposure mitigation (N = 1121) (47.5, 54.2) produced serum to water ratios of 89.0 and 101.6. A total of 1573 Hoosick Falls public water consumers (337
{"title":"Perfluorooctanoic acid serum concentrations and half-lives in a community exposed to contaminated drinking water in New York State","authors":"Elizabeth L. Lewis-Michl, Steven P. Forand, Wan-Hsiang Hsu, Sanghamitra S. Savadatti, Ming Liu, June Moore, Qian Wu, Elizabeth J. Mullin, Kenneth M. Aldous","doi":"10.1038/s41370-025-00769-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-025-00769-z","url":null,"abstract":"Investigations during 2014–2016 in two communities in New York State showed perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in a public system serving 3800 residents (Hoosick Falls) averaging 534 ppt and in a smaller system serving 200 residents (Petersburgh) averaging 92.5 ppt. Bottled water (2015–2016) was provided until filtration brought PFOA levels to non-detectable (2016–2017). The New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH) sought to address community questions about exposures and evaluate reductions in serum concentrations. NYSDOH tested serum PFOA in 2016 just after drinking water exposure mitigation and again in 2018. Descriptive statistics for serum PFOA by sex, age, length of residence, and water consumption were evaluated using multiple regression, and half-lives were estimated. Using the serum PFOA GM and median for tests occurring within 3 months of exposure mitigation (N = 1121) (47.5, 54.2) produced serum to water ratios of 89.0 and 101.6. A total of 1573 Hoosick Falls public water consumers (337","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"35 3","pages":"403-413"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12069094/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144028928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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