Pub Date : 2025-01-07DOI: 10.1038/s41370-024-00737-z
Jamie L. Banks, Becky Petrou O’Rourke
Aviation noise policy in the United States is decades old and has not kept up with the science on the adverse effects of chronic noise exposure. New aviation noise policies are needed for the 21st century, respecting the lived experience of affected communities. Existing surveys have reported adverse impacts from aviation noise but more information is needed to understand the factors that contribute to those impacts. To evaluate the impacts of current aircraft noise exposure on impacted communities and their determinants. A 10-question online community pilot survey was distributed in May 2022 to an email list of groups and individuals in aviation-impacted communities. The survey was open for two weeks. Information on geographic location, frequency of exposure, and type of aircraft exposure were collected. Seven questions focused on the type and magnitude of health impacts, perceptions, and concerns. A total of 1452 surveys were completed within the 2-week period. Respondents report experiencing loud, repetitive, low-altitude aircraft noise - day and night - causing stress and negative effects on mental and physical health. For many, “annoyance” did not adequately describe their experience. Strong, consistent exposure-response patterns for weekly flight frequency (<100 to >1000 flights) were found for most health impacts, perceptions, and concerns. The likelihood of adverse impacts and heightened perceptions and concerns was greatest in respondents exposed mainly to military aircraft. Current aviation noise policy is based on annoyance, and relies on a metric that exceeds safe levels and does not meaningfully convey community impact. Aviation-impacted communities are experiencing mental and physical health impacts that extend beyond annoyance. The magnitude of impact is influenced by flight frequency and aircraft type. Aviation noise policy should be updated to account for those factors and focus on reducing public health impacts and their human and economic costs. Aviation noise policy in the United States is decades old and is based solely on the concept of annoyance without sufficient regard to the harms caused to health and well-being of people living in aviation-impacted communities. Efforts to amend the policy must be informed by the scientific evidence on the adverse effects of noise and health and by metrics that properly represent the lived experiences of communities. The results of this pilot survey highlight the importance of incorporating these aspects into policy for preventing and mitigating harms caused by aviation noise, especially as the industry grows.
{"title":"Community impacts of aviation noise: a pilot survey","authors":"Jamie L. Banks, Becky Petrou O’Rourke","doi":"10.1038/s41370-024-00737-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-024-00737-z","url":null,"abstract":"Aviation noise policy in the United States is decades old and has not kept up with the science on the adverse effects of chronic noise exposure. New aviation noise policies are needed for the 21st century, respecting the lived experience of affected communities. Existing surveys have reported adverse impacts from aviation noise but more information is needed to understand the factors that contribute to those impacts. To evaluate the impacts of current aircraft noise exposure on impacted communities and their determinants. A 10-question online community pilot survey was distributed in May 2022 to an email list of groups and individuals in aviation-impacted communities. The survey was open for two weeks. Information on geographic location, frequency of exposure, and type of aircraft exposure were collected. Seven questions focused on the type and magnitude of health impacts, perceptions, and concerns. A total of 1452 surveys were completed within the 2-week period. Respondents report experiencing loud, repetitive, low-altitude aircraft noise - day and night - causing stress and negative effects on mental and physical health. For many, “annoyance” did not adequately describe their experience. Strong, consistent exposure-response patterns for weekly flight frequency (<100 to >1000 flights) were found for most health impacts, perceptions, and concerns. The likelihood of adverse impacts and heightened perceptions and concerns was greatest in respondents exposed mainly to military aircraft. Current aviation noise policy is based on annoyance, and relies on a metric that exceeds safe levels and does not meaningfully convey community impact. Aviation-impacted communities are experiencing mental and physical health impacts that extend beyond annoyance. The magnitude of impact is influenced by flight frequency and aircraft type. Aviation noise policy should be updated to account for those factors and focus on reducing public health impacts and their human and economic costs. Aviation noise policy in the United States is decades old and is based solely on the concept of annoyance without sufficient regard to the harms caused to health and well-being of people living in aviation-impacted communities. Efforts to amend the policy must be informed by the scientific evidence on the adverse effects of noise and health and by metrics that properly represent the lived experiences of communities. The results of this pilot survey highlight the importance of incorporating these aspects into policy for preventing and mitigating harms caused by aviation noise, especially as the industry grows.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"35 1","pages":"80-90"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142950080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Exposure to per and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is suggested to interfere with the central nervous system that may affect mental health. Studies on the relationships between exposure to PFAS mixtures and anxiety in humans are rare. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between single and combined exposure to PFAS and anxiety among adults. Data were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2007–2012). Six serum PFAS concentrations were accessed including perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), PFOS (perfluorooctanesulfonic acid), PFHxS (perfluorohexane sulfonate), PFDA (perfluorodecanoic acid), Me-PFOSA-AcOH (2-(N-methylperfluorooctanesulfonamide) acetic acid). The anxiety state was defined through the questionnaire responses of the participants. Weighted logistics regression was used to calculate their odds ratio (OR) and corresponding confidence interval (95% CI) that assessed the relationship between PFAS exposure and anxiety. Moreover, Two different statistical methods including quantile-based g-computation (Qgcomp), and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were employed to investigate the overall effects of PFAS mixtures on anxiety. The effects of specific PFAS exposure on anxiety varied by sex. In male participants, one-unit increase in PFDA (OR = 0.62; 95%CI: 0.44, 0.88), PFOA (OR = 0.60; 95%CI: 0.41, 0.87), PFNA (OR = 0.68; 95%CI: 0.46, 0.96) concentrations were inversely linked to anxiety. In female participants, a one-unit increase in PFOA (OR = 1.50; 95%CI: 1.05, 2.14) concentration was associated with anxiety. Analysis of Qgcomp demonstrated that PFAS mixtures were negatively associated with anxiety in males (OR = 0.85; 95%CI: 0.74, 0.99), and were positively associated with anxiety in females(OR = 1.16; 95%CI: 1.01, 1.33). Analysis of BKMR suggested that PFAS mixtures were negatively associated with anxiety in the males, while its associations with anxiety were positive in the females.
{"title":"Sex specificity in associations between exposure to a mixture of per and poly-fluoroalkyl substances and anxiety among US adults","authors":"Xiaoguo Hua, Rui Hu, Cai Chen, Jiangjie Sun, Xiqiu Feng, Xiujun Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s41370-024-00741-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-024-00741-3","url":null,"abstract":"Exposure to per and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is suggested to interfere with the central nervous system that may affect mental health. Studies on the relationships between exposure to PFAS mixtures and anxiety in humans are rare. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between single and combined exposure to PFAS and anxiety among adults. Data were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2007–2012). Six serum PFAS concentrations were accessed including perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), PFOS (perfluorooctanesulfonic acid), PFHxS (perfluorohexane sulfonate), PFDA (perfluorodecanoic acid), Me-PFOSA-AcOH (2-(N-methylperfluorooctanesulfonamide) acetic acid). The anxiety state was defined through the questionnaire responses of the participants. Weighted logistics regression was used to calculate their odds ratio (OR) and corresponding confidence interval (95% CI) that assessed the relationship between PFAS exposure and anxiety. Moreover, Two different statistical methods including quantile-based g-computation (Qgcomp), and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were employed to investigate the overall effects of PFAS mixtures on anxiety. The effects of specific PFAS exposure on anxiety varied by sex. In male participants, one-unit increase in PFDA (OR = 0.62; 95%CI: 0.44, 0.88), PFOA (OR = 0.60; 95%CI: 0.41, 0.87), PFNA (OR = 0.68; 95%CI: 0.46, 0.96) concentrations were inversely linked to anxiety. In female participants, a one-unit increase in PFOA (OR = 1.50; 95%CI: 1.05, 2.14) concentration was associated with anxiety. Analysis of Qgcomp demonstrated that PFAS mixtures were negatively associated with anxiety in males (OR = 0.85; 95%CI: 0.74, 0.99), and were positively associated with anxiety in females(OR = 1.16; 95%CI: 1.01, 1.33). Analysis of BKMR suggested that PFAS mixtures were negatively associated with anxiety in the males, while its associations with anxiety were positive in the females.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"35 4","pages":"578-589"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142950081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-28DOI: 10.1038/s41370-024-00738-y
Opal P. Patel, Kaitlyn G. Lawrence, Christine G. Parks, Patricia A. Stewart, Mark R. Stenzel, Caroline P. Groth, Gurumurthy Ramachandran, Sudipto Banerjee, Tran B. Huynh, Braxton Jackson, Dale P. Sandler, Lawrence S. Engel
Despite evidence from experimental studies linking some petroleum hydrocarbons to markers of immune suppression, limited epidemiologic research exists on this topic. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine associations of oil spill related chemicals (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and n-hexane (BTEX-H)) and total hydrocarbons (THC) with immune-related illnesses as indicators of potential immune suppression. Subjects comprised 8601 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill clean-up and response workers who participated in a home visit (1–3 years after the DWH spill) in the Gulf Long-term Follow-up (GuLF) Study. Cumulative exposures to THC and individual BTEX-H constituents during the oil spill clean-up were estimated using a job-exposure matrix linking air measurement data to detailed participant work histories. Study outcomes included post-spill occurrence and/or frequency of illnesses ascertained at the home visit, including colds, flu, cold sores, pneumonia, and shingles. Frequent cold and frequent flu were defined as ≥4 colds and ≥2 episodes of flu since the spill, respectively. We examined an aggregate outcome of frequent colds, any flu, cold sores, or pneumonia since the spill. In single pollutant models, we used multivariable log-binomial regression to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between quartiles of THC and BTEX-H exposures with each outcome. We used quantile g-computation to estimate the joint effect of the BTEX-H mixture. We observed positive associations of increasing quartiles of THC and BTEX-H with all outcomes except shingles, with evidence of an exposure-response for most outcomes. Strongest associations were observed for frequent flu (range of PR: 1.41–1.67). The BTEX-H mixture was associated with small to modest elevations in PRs for most outcomes. This study is the first to our knowledge to demonstrate an association between oil spill BTEX-H exposures and multiple immune-related illnesses as measures of potential immune suppression. Increasing oil spill-related volatile hydrocarbon exposures may increase the risk of multiple immune-related illnesses, especially frequent cold and frequent flu. Future research on this topic using more robust measures of immune function would advance existing evidence on this relationship.
{"title":"Volatile hydrocarbon exposures and immune-related illnesses among Deepwater Horizon oil spill workers","authors":"Opal P. Patel, Kaitlyn G. Lawrence, Christine G. Parks, Patricia A. Stewart, Mark R. Stenzel, Caroline P. Groth, Gurumurthy Ramachandran, Sudipto Banerjee, Tran B. Huynh, Braxton Jackson, Dale P. Sandler, Lawrence S. Engel","doi":"10.1038/s41370-024-00738-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-024-00738-y","url":null,"abstract":"Despite evidence from experimental studies linking some petroleum hydrocarbons to markers of immune suppression, limited epidemiologic research exists on this topic. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine associations of oil spill related chemicals (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and n-hexane (BTEX-H)) and total hydrocarbons (THC) with immune-related illnesses as indicators of potential immune suppression. Subjects comprised 8601 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill clean-up and response workers who participated in a home visit (1–3 years after the DWH spill) in the Gulf Long-term Follow-up (GuLF) Study. Cumulative exposures to THC and individual BTEX-H constituents during the oil spill clean-up were estimated using a job-exposure matrix linking air measurement data to detailed participant work histories. Study outcomes included post-spill occurrence and/or frequency of illnesses ascertained at the home visit, including colds, flu, cold sores, pneumonia, and shingles. Frequent cold and frequent flu were defined as ≥4 colds and ≥2 episodes of flu since the spill, respectively. We examined an aggregate outcome of frequent colds, any flu, cold sores, or pneumonia since the spill. In single pollutant models, we used multivariable log-binomial regression to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between quartiles of THC and BTEX-H exposures with each outcome. We used quantile g-computation to estimate the joint effect of the BTEX-H mixture. We observed positive associations of increasing quartiles of THC and BTEX-H with all outcomes except shingles, with evidence of an exposure-response for most outcomes. Strongest associations were observed for frequent flu (range of PR: 1.41–1.67). The BTEX-H mixture was associated with small to modest elevations in PRs for most outcomes. This study is the first to our knowledge to demonstrate an association between oil spill BTEX-H exposures and multiple immune-related illnesses as measures of potential immune suppression. Increasing oil spill-related volatile hydrocarbon exposures may increase the risk of multiple immune-related illnesses, especially frequent cold and frequent flu. Future research on this topic using more robust measures of immune function would advance existing evidence on this relationship.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"36 1","pages":"24-32"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12377232/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142894779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-23DOI: 10.1038/s41370-024-00725-3
Peter M. Bingham
{"title":"Neurodevelopmental costs of noise pollution–is history rhyming again?","authors":"Peter M. Bingham","doi":"10.1038/s41370-024-00725-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-024-00725-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"35 1","pages":"34-36"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142881842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-19DOI: 10.1038/s41370-024-00739-x
Marlene Stratmann, Fatih Özel, Maria Marinopoulou, Christian Lindh, Hannu Kiviranta, Chris Gennings, Carl-Gustaf Bornehag
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can cross the placenta and thereby expose the fetus, which may lead to developmental consequences. It is still unclear which chemicals are of concern regarding neurodevelopment and specifically behaviour, when being exposed to a mixture. The objective is to determine associations between prenatal exposure to EDCs and behavioural difficulties. Furthermore, we investigated sex-specific associations and determined chemicals of concern in significant regressions. Associations between prenatal exposure to EDCs (both as single compounds and their mixtures) and behavioural outcomes using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) were estimated in 607 mother-child pairs in the Swedish Environmental Longitudinal, Mother and Child, Asthma and Allergy (SELMA) study. Levels for chemical compounds were measured in either urine or serum (median of 10 weeks of gestation). Associations were estimated for the total SDQ score (quasipoisson regression) and a 90th percentile cut-off (logistic regression). Exposure for EDC mixtures (phenols, phthalates, PFAS and persistent chlorinated) was studied using weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression with deciles and with and without repeated holdout validation techniques. The models were adjusted for selected covariates. The odds for behavioural difficulties increased in girls with higher chemical exposures (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.67, 1.87) using the full sample and borderline for the validation set (OR 1.31, 95% CI 0.93, 1.85) with 94/100 positive betas in the 100 repeated holdout validations. Chemicals of concern for girls are mostly short-lived chemicals and more specifically plasticizers. No pattern of significant associations was detected for boys. There is an indication of increased behavioural difficulties for girls in the SELMA population with higher exposure to mixtures of EDCs. Using the repeated holdout validation techniques, the inference is more stable, reproducible and generalisable. Prenatal exposure to mixtures of environmental chemicals should be considered when assessing the safety of chemicals. Growing evidence points towards a “mixture effect” where different environmental chemicals might act jointly where individual compounds may be below a level of concern, but the combination may have an effect on human health. We are constantly exposed to a complicated mixture pattern that is individual for every person as this mixture depends on personal choices of lifestyle, diet and housing to name a few. Our study suggests that prenatal exposure to EDCs might adversely affect the behaviour of children and especially girls. Hence, risk assessment needs to improve and sex-specific mechanisms should be included in assessments.
背景：内分泌干扰化学物质（EDCs）可以穿过胎盘，从而暴露胎儿，这可能导致发育后果。目前还不清楚，当暴露于混合物中时，哪些化学物质与神经发育和特定行为有关。目的：目的是确定产前暴露于EDCs和行为困难之间的关系。此外，我们调查了性别特异性关联，并确定了显著回归中关注的化学物质。方法：在瑞典环境纵向、母亲和儿童、哮喘和过敏（SELMA）研究中，使用优势和困难问卷（SDQ）估计了607对母子产前暴露于EDCs（作为单一化合物和其混合物）与行为结果之间的关系。在尿液或血清中测量化学化合物的水平（中位妊娠10周）。通过总SDQ评分（拟泊松回归）和第90百分位截止值（逻辑回归）估计相关性。EDC混合物（苯酚、邻苯二甲酸盐、PFAS和持久性氯化物）的暴露研究使用加权分位数和（WQS）回归与十分位数，并使用和不使用重复滞留验证技术。根据选定的协变量对模型进行调整。结果：使用全样本和验证集的临界值（OR 1.31, 95% CI 0.93, 1.85），在100次重复的抵抗验证中，94/100的阳性β值，暴露于较高化学物质的女孩出现行为困难的几率增加（OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.67, 1.87）。女孩们关心的化学物质大多是寿命短的化学物质，更具体地说，是增塑剂。在男孩中没有发现显著的关联模式。意义：有迹象表明，SELMA人群中暴露于EDCs混合物较多的女孩行为困难增加。使用重复保留验证技术，推理更加稳定、可复制和可推广。在评估化学品的安全性时，应考虑产前接触环境化学品混合物的情况。影响：越来越多的证据指向一种“混合效应”，即不同的环境化学品可能共同起作用，个别化合物可能低于关注水平，但这种组合可能对人类健康产生影响。我们不断地接触到一个复杂的混合模式，这对每个人来说都是个人的，因为这种混合取决于个人选择的生活方式、饮食和住房等等。我们的研究表明，产前暴露于EDCs可能会对儿童，尤其是女孩的行为产生不利影响。因此，风险评估需要改进，并应在评估中纳入针对性别的机制。
{"title":"Prenatal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals and the association with behavioural difficulties in 7-year-old children in the SELMA study","authors":"Marlene Stratmann, Fatih Özel, Maria Marinopoulou, Christian Lindh, Hannu Kiviranta, Chris Gennings, Carl-Gustaf Bornehag","doi":"10.1038/s41370-024-00739-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-024-00739-x","url":null,"abstract":"Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can cross the placenta and thereby expose the fetus, which may lead to developmental consequences. It is still unclear which chemicals are of concern regarding neurodevelopment and specifically behaviour, when being exposed to a mixture. The objective is to determine associations between prenatal exposure to EDCs and behavioural difficulties. Furthermore, we investigated sex-specific associations and determined chemicals of concern in significant regressions. Associations between prenatal exposure to EDCs (both as single compounds and their mixtures) and behavioural outcomes using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) were estimated in 607 mother-child pairs in the Swedish Environmental Longitudinal, Mother and Child, Asthma and Allergy (SELMA) study. Levels for chemical compounds were measured in either urine or serum (median of 10 weeks of gestation). Associations were estimated for the total SDQ score (quasipoisson regression) and a 90th percentile cut-off (logistic regression). Exposure for EDC mixtures (phenols, phthalates, PFAS and persistent chlorinated) was studied using weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression with deciles and with and without repeated holdout validation techniques. The models were adjusted for selected covariates. The odds for behavioural difficulties increased in girls with higher chemical exposures (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.67, 1.87) using the full sample and borderline for the validation set (OR 1.31, 95% CI 0.93, 1.85) with 94/100 positive betas in the 100 repeated holdout validations. Chemicals of concern for girls are mostly short-lived chemicals and more specifically plasticizers. No pattern of significant associations was detected for boys. There is an indication of increased behavioural difficulties for girls in the SELMA population with higher exposure to mixtures of EDCs. Using the repeated holdout validation techniques, the inference is more stable, reproducible and generalisable. Prenatal exposure to mixtures of environmental chemicals should be considered when assessing the safety of chemicals. Growing evidence points towards a “mixture effect” where different environmental chemicals might act jointly where individual compounds may be below a level of concern, but the combination may have an effect on human health. We are constantly exposed to a complicated mixture pattern that is individual for every person as this mixture depends on personal choices of lifestyle, diet and housing to name a few. Our study suggests that prenatal exposure to EDCs might adversely affect the behaviour of children and especially girls. Hence, risk assessment needs to improve and sex-specific mechanisms should be included in assessments.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"35 6","pages":"981-991"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41370-024-00739-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142864380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-10DOI: 10.1038/s41370-024-00732-4
Thomas Münzel, Andreas Daiber, Nicole Engelmann, Martin Röösli, Marin Kuntic, Jamie L. Banks
Chronic transportation noise is an environmental stressor affecting a substantial portion of the population. The World Health Organization (WHO) and various studies have established associations between transportation noise and cardiovascular disease (CVD), such as myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, and arrhythmia. The WHO Environmental Noise Guidelines and recent reviews confirm a heightened risk of cardiovascular incidents with increasing transportation noise levels. We present a narrative review of the evidence from epidemiologic studies and translation studies on the adverse cardiovascular effects of transportation noise. We describe the results of a recent Umbrella+ review that combines the evidence used in the 2018 WHO Environmental Noise Guidelines with more recent (post-2015) high-quality systematic reviews of original studies. High-quality systematic reviews were included based on the quality of literature search, risk of bias assessment, and meta-analysis methodology using AMSTAR 2. Epidemiologic studies show that exposure to high levels of road traffic noise for several years lead to numerous adverse health outcomes, including premature deaths, ischemic heart disease (IHD), chronic sleep disturbances, and increased annoyance. Mechanistically, noise exposure triggers oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and circadian rhythm disruptions. These processes involve the activation of NADPH oxidase, mitochondrial dysfunction, and nitric oxide synthase uncoupling, leading to vascular and cardiac damage. Studies indicate that chronic noise exposure does not result in habituation, and susceptible individuals, such as those with pre-existing CVD, are particularly vulnerable.
{"title":"Noise causes cardiovascular disease: it’s time to act","authors":"Thomas Münzel, Andreas Daiber, Nicole Engelmann, Martin Röösli, Marin Kuntic, Jamie L. Banks","doi":"10.1038/s41370-024-00732-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-024-00732-4","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic transportation noise is an environmental stressor affecting a substantial portion of the population. The World Health Organization (WHO) and various studies have established associations between transportation noise and cardiovascular disease (CVD), such as myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, and arrhythmia. The WHO Environmental Noise Guidelines and recent reviews confirm a heightened risk of cardiovascular incidents with increasing transportation noise levels. We present a narrative review of the evidence from epidemiologic studies and translation studies on the adverse cardiovascular effects of transportation noise. We describe the results of a recent Umbrella+ review that combines the evidence used in the 2018 WHO Environmental Noise Guidelines with more recent (post-2015) high-quality systematic reviews of original studies. High-quality systematic reviews were included based on the quality of literature search, risk of bias assessment, and meta-analysis methodology using AMSTAR 2. Epidemiologic studies show that exposure to high levels of road traffic noise for several years lead to numerous adverse health outcomes, including premature deaths, ischemic heart disease (IHD), chronic sleep disturbances, and increased annoyance. Mechanistically, noise exposure triggers oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and circadian rhythm disruptions. These processes involve the activation of NADPH oxidase, mitochondrial dysfunction, and nitric oxide synthase uncoupling, leading to vascular and cardiac damage. Studies indicate that chronic noise exposure does not result in habituation, and susceptible individuals, such as those with pre-existing CVD, are particularly vulnerable.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"35 1","pages":"24-33"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41370-024-00732-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142807028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-06DOI: 10.1038/s41370-024-00736-0
Jessica Edlund, Kalliroi Sdougkou, Stefano Papazian, Wendy Yi-Ying Wu, Jonathan W. Martin, Sophia Harlid
The chemical exposome includes exposure to numerous environmental and endogenous molecules, many of which have been linked to reproductive outcomes due to their endocrine-disrupting properties. As several breast cancer risk factors, including age and parity, are related to reproduction, it is imperative to investigate the interplay between such factors and the chemical exposome prior to conducting large scale exposome-based breast cancer studies. This pilot study aimed to provide an overview of the chemical exposome in plasma samples from healthy women and identify associations between environmental exposures and three risk factors for breast cancer: age, parity, and age at menarche. Plasma samples (n = 161), were selected based on reproductive history from 100 women participating in the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study, between 1987 and 2006. Samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) for 77 priority target analytes including contaminants and hormones, with simultaneous untargeted profiling of the chemical exposome and metabolome. Linear mixed effects models were applied to test associations between risk factors and chemical levels. Fifty-five target analytes were detected in at least one individual and over 94,000 untargeted features were detected across all samples. Among untargeted features, 430 could be annotated and were broadly classified as environmental (246), endogenous (167) or ambiguous (17). Applying mixed effect models to features detected in at least 70% of the samples (16,778), we found seven targeted analytes (including caffeine and various per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances) and 38 untargeted features, positively associated with age. The directionality of these associations reversed for parity, decreasing with increasing births. Seven separate targeted analytes were associated with age at menarche. This study demonstrates how a comprehensive chemical exposome approach can be used to inform future research prioritization regarding associations between known and unknown substances, reproduction, and breast cancer risk.
{"title":"Chemical exposomics in biobanked plasma samples and associations with breast cancer risk factors","authors":"Jessica Edlund, Kalliroi Sdougkou, Stefano Papazian, Wendy Yi-Ying Wu, Jonathan W. Martin, Sophia Harlid","doi":"10.1038/s41370-024-00736-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-024-00736-0","url":null,"abstract":"The chemical exposome includes exposure to numerous environmental and endogenous molecules, many of which have been linked to reproductive outcomes due to their endocrine-disrupting properties. As several breast cancer risk factors, including age and parity, are related to reproduction, it is imperative to investigate the interplay between such factors and the chemical exposome prior to conducting large scale exposome-based breast cancer studies. This pilot study aimed to provide an overview of the chemical exposome in plasma samples from healthy women and identify associations between environmental exposures and three risk factors for breast cancer: age, parity, and age at menarche. Plasma samples (n = 161), were selected based on reproductive history from 100 women participating in the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study, between 1987 and 2006. Samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) for 77 priority target analytes including contaminants and hormones, with simultaneous untargeted profiling of the chemical exposome and metabolome. Linear mixed effects models were applied to test associations between risk factors and chemical levels. Fifty-five target analytes were detected in at least one individual and over 94,000 untargeted features were detected across all samples. Among untargeted features, 430 could be annotated and were broadly classified as environmental (246), endogenous (167) or ambiguous (17). Applying mixed effect models to features detected in at least 70% of the samples (16,778), we found seven targeted analytes (including caffeine and various per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances) and 38 untargeted features, positively associated with age. The directionality of these associations reversed for parity, decreasing with increasing births. Seven separate targeted analytes were associated with age at menarche. This study demonstrates how a comprehensive chemical exposome approach can be used to inform future research prioritization regarding associations between known and unknown substances, reproduction, and breast cancer risk.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"35 4","pages":"567-577"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12234353/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142791939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-03DOI: 10.1038/s41370-024-00735-1
Aaron J. Specht, Yanfen Lin, Jian Xu, Aisha S. Dickerson, Chonghuai Yan, Howard Hu, Marc G. Weisskopf, Linda H. Nie
Lead exposure remains a key problem for children during development. One treatment for lead poisoning is chelation – a topic that remains controversial with varied results. Bone lead serves as a marker of total body burden of lead and encompasses between 60-90% of lead storage in children. In this study, we aimed to identify the change in bone lead as a result of chelation therapy in a group of lead poisoned children (blood lead >25 µg/dL). Upon diagnosis with lead poisoning at Xinhua Hospital in Shanghai, China, children were recruited to our study, had their bone lead levels measured, and underwent one-week of intravenous, in-patient ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid chelation treatment. Up to three clinical visits with the same treatment protocol and bone lead measurements were completed over the two-year study. We measured biomarkers of lead exposure for children exposed via various potential sources, including home contaminants, local industrial emissions, traditional medicines, or lead cookware. We observed significant differences with bone lead after chelation therapy (p < 0.0001), even after calculating a conservative model for theoretical decay from known bone turnover (p = 0.01). The difference identified between our observed change in bone lead and literature established bone lead change significantly increased with more chelation treatments. A significant reduction in bone lead was observed following chelation treatment of children with lead poisoning – a difference that increased more with more chelation. Study results indicate that chelation treatment is effective in reducing bone lead stores in children with initial blood lead levels greater than 25 µg/dL. Lead exposure in children is a consistent problem – drastically impacting health across the life span. After exposure, lead stores in the bone of children serving as a potential endogenous source of exposure for years to decades. Our study demonstrated that chelation therapy, while reducing blood lead levels, additionally reduced bone lead levels. A reduction in bone lead would effectively reduce the potential for endogenous release of lead and restrict the damage done by lead exposure.
{"title":"The effect of chelation on bone Pb stores in Pb poisoned children","authors":"Aaron J. Specht, Yanfen Lin, Jian Xu, Aisha S. Dickerson, Chonghuai Yan, Howard Hu, Marc G. Weisskopf, Linda H. Nie","doi":"10.1038/s41370-024-00735-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-024-00735-1","url":null,"abstract":"Lead exposure remains a key problem for children during development. One treatment for lead poisoning is chelation – a topic that remains controversial with varied results. Bone lead serves as a marker of total body burden of lead and encompasses between 60-90% of lead storage in children. In this study, we aimed to identify the change in bone lead as a result of chelation therapy in a group of lead poisoned children (blood lead >25 µg/dL). Upon diagnosis with lead poisoning at Xinhua Hospital in Shanghai, China, children were recruited to our study, had their bone lead levels measured, and underwent one-week of intravenous, in-patient ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid chelation treatment. Up to three clinical visits with the same treatment protocol and bone lead measurements were completed over the two-year study. We measured biomarkers of lead exposure for children exposed via various potential sources, including home contaminants, local industrial emissions, traditional medicines, or lead cookware. We observed significant differences with bone lead after chelation therapy (p < 0.0001), even after calculating a conservative model for theoretical decay from known bone turnover (p = 0.01). The difference identified between our observed change in bone lead and literature established bone lead change significantly increased with more chelation treatments. A significant reduction in bone lead was observed following chelation treatment of children with lead poisoning – a difference that increased more with more chelation. Study results indicate that chelation treatment is effective in reducing bone lead stores in children with initial blood lead levels greater than 25 µg/dL. Lead exposure in children is a consistent problem – drastically impacting health across the life span. After exposure, lead stores in the bone of children serving as a potential endogenous source of exposure for years to decades. Our study demonstrated that chelation therapy, while reducing blood lead levels, additionally reduced bone lead levels. A reduction in bone lead would effectively reduce the potential for endogenous release of lead and restrict the damage done by lead exposure.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"35 5","pages":"709-714"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12368868/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142769372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-22DOI: 10.1038/s41370-024-00734-2
Shady Abohashem, Wesam Aldosoky, Omar Hahad, Giovanni Civieri, Alula Assefa, Hui Chong Lau, Krystel Abi-Karam, Maria Khalil, Lainie Louis-Jame, Sadeer Al-Kindi, Ahmed Tawakol, Michael T. Osborne
Noise exposure and lower socioeconomic status (SES) are both independently linked to increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Although these factors frequently coexist, their combined impact and the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the joint effects of high transportation noise exposure and lower SES on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and the role of the neural-arterial axis in mediating this relationship. We retrospectively analyzed data from 507 individuals who underwent clinical 18F-FDG-PET/CT imaging at a single center. SES was evaluated using local median income (as a primary measure) and area deprivation index (ADI, as a secondary measure). Participants were classified into three groups based on transportation noise exposure and income/ADI: low noise/higher SES, high noise or lower SES, and high noise/lower SES. Cox models assessed MACE risks. Linear regression models evaluated associations with stress-related neural activity (SNA) and arterial inflammation (ArtI). The combination of high noise exposure and low income (vs. neither exposure) associated with increased MACE risk (HR [95% CI]: 5.597 [2.201–14.233], p < 0.001). SNA (standardized β [95% CI]: 0.389 [0.192–0.586], p < 0.001) and ArtI (0.151 [0.005–0.298], p = 0.043) were greater in this group. Mediation analysis showed that the neural-arterial axis contributes to increased exposure-related MACE risk and accounts for 8% of the overall effect. Similar results were found with ADI. Our study uniquely demonstrates how combined high transportation noise and lower socioeconomic status additively increases cardiovascular disease risk through specific biological pathways, particularly via effects on stress-associated neural activity and arterial inflammation. As such, the research offers novel insights into the interplay between environmental and socioeconomic factors in cardiovascular health. This underscores an urgent need for integrated public health strategies that address both noise pollution and socioeconomic disparities and provides a foundation for targeted interventions aimed at reducing the burden of cardiovascular disease in vulnerable populations.
{"title":"Additive effect of high transportation noise exposure and socioeconomic deprivation on stress-associated neural activity, atherosclerotic inflammation, and cardiovascular disease events","authors":"Shady Abohashem, Wesam Aldosoky, Omar Hahad, Giovanni Civieri, Alula Assefa, Hui Chong Lau, Krystel Abi-Karam, Maria Khalil, Lainie Louis-Jame, Sadeer Al-Kindi, Ahmed Tawakol, Michael T. Osborne","doi":"10.1038/s41370-024-00734-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-024-00734-2","url":null,"abstract":"Noise exposure and lower socioeconomic status (SES) are both independently linked to increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Although these factors frequently coexist, their combined impact and the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the joint effects of high transportation noise exposure and lower SES on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and the role of the neural-arterial axis in mediating this relationship. We retrospectively analyzed data from 507 individuals who underwent clinical 18F-FDG-PET/CT imaging at a single center. SES was evaluated using local median income (as a primary measure) and area deprivation index (ADI, as a secondary measure). Participants were classified into three groups based on transportation noise exposure and income/ADI: low noise/higher SES, high noise or lower SES, and high noise/lower SES. Cox models assessed MACE risks. Linear regression models evaluated associations with stress-related neural activity (SNA) and arterial inflammation (ArtI). The combination of high noise exposure and low income (vs. neither exposure) associated with increased MACE risk (HR [95% CI]: 5.597 [2.201–14.233], p < 0.001). SNA (standardized β [95% CI]: 0.389 [0.192–0.586], p < 0.001) and ArtI (0.151 [0.005–0.298], p = 0.043) were greater in this group. Mediation analysis showed that the neural-arterial axis contributes to increased exposure-related MACE risk and accounts for 8% of the overall effect. Similar results were found with ADI. Our study uniquely demonstrates how combined high transportation noise and lower socioeconomic status additively increases cardiovascular disease risk through specific biological pathways, particularly via effects on stress-associated neural activity and arterial inflammation. As such, the research offers novel insights into the interplay between environmental and socioeconomic factors in cardiovascular health. This underscores an urgent need for integrated public health strategies that address both noise pollution and socioeconomic disparities and provides a foundation for targeted interventions aimed at reducing the burden of cardiovascular disease in vulnerable populations.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"35 1","pages":"62-69"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142693032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-21DOI: 10.1038/s41370-024-00726-2
Yueh-Hsiu Mathilda Chiu, Brent A. Coull, Ander Wilson, Hsiao-Hsien Leon Hsu, Naim Xhani, Farida Nentin, Barbara C. Deli, Joel Schwartz, Elena Colicino, Robert O. Wright, Rosalind J. Wright
Prenatal air pollution (AP) exposure has been linked to postpartum psychological functioning, impacting health outcomes in both women and children. Extant studies primarily focused on individual pollutants. To assess the association between prenatal exposure to a mixture of seven AP components and postpartum psychological functioning using daily exposure data and data-driven statistical methods. Analyses included 981 women recruited at 24.0 ± 9.9 weeks gestation and followed longitudinally. We estimated prenatal daily exposure levels for constituents of fine particles [elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), nitrate (NO3−), sulfate (SO42−), ammonium (NH4+)], nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) using validated global 3-D chemical-transport models and satellite-based hybrid models based on residential addresses. Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was administered to participants to derive a total EPDS score and the subconstruct scores for anhedonia and depressive symptoms. A distributed lag model (DLM) was employed within Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) to develop time-weighted exposure profile for each pollutant. These exposures were then input into a Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) regression to estimate an overall mixture effect, adjusted for maternal age, education, race/ethnicity, season of delivery, and delivery year. Effect modification by race/ethnicity and fetal sex was also examined. Women were primarily Hispanic (51%) and Black (32%) reporting ≤12 years of education (58%). Prenatal exposure to an AP mixture was significantly associated with increased anhedonia subscale z-scores, particularly in Hispanics (β = 0.07, 95%CI = 0.004–0.13, per unit increase in WQS index). It was also borderline associated with increased total EPDS (β = 0.11, 95%CI = 0.00–0.22) and depressive symptom subscale (β = 0.09, 95%CI = −0.02 to 0.19) z-scores, particularly among Hispanic women who gave birth to a male infant. Sulfate (SO42−), O3 and OC were major contributors to these associations.
{"title":"Air pollution mixture exposure during pregnancy and postpartum psychological functioning: racial/ethnic- and fetal sex-specific associations","authors":"Yueh-Hsiu Mathilda Chiu, Brent A. Coull, Ander Wilson, Hsiao-Hsien Leon Hsu, Naim Xhani, Farida Nentin, Barbara C. Deli, Joel Schwartz, Elena Colicino, Robert O. Wright, Rosalind J. Wright","doi":"10.1038/s41370-024-00726-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-024-00726-2","url":null,"abstract":"Prenatal air pollution (AP) exposure has been linked to postpartum psychological functioning, impacting health outcomes in both women and children. Extant studies primarily focused on individual pollutants. To assess the association between prenatal exposure to a mixture of seven AP components and postpartum psychological functioning using daily exposure data and data-driven statistical methods. Analyses included 981 women recruited at 24.0 ± 9.9 weeks gestation and followed longitudinally. We estimated prenatal daily exposure levels for constituents of fine particles [elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), nitrate (NO3−), sulfate (SO42−), ammonium (NH4+)], nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) using validated global 3-D chemical-transport models and satellite-based hybrid models based on residential addresses. Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was administered to participants to derive a total EPDS score and the subconstruct scores for anhedonia and depressive symptoms. A distributed lag model (DLM) was employed within Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) to develop time-weighted exposure profile for each pollutant. These exposures were then input into a Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) regression to estimate an overall mixture effect, adjusted for maternal age, education, race/ethnicity, season of delivery, and delivery year. Effect modification by race/ethnicity and fetal sex was also examined. Women were primarily Hispanic (51%) and Black (32%) reporting ≤12 years of education (58%). Prenatal exposure to an AP mixture was significantly associated with increased anhedonia subscale z-scores, particularly in Hispanics (β = 0.07, 95%CI = 0.004–0.13, per unit increase in WQS index). It was also borderline associated with increased total EPDS (β = 0.11, 95%CI = 0.00–0.22) and depressive symptom subscale (β = 0.09, 95%CI = −0.02 to 0.19) z-scores, particularly among Hispanic women who gave birth to a male infant. Sulfate (SO42−), O3 and OC were major contributors to these associations.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"35 4","pages":"548-556"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142681715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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