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International Law and Human Rights on ART 关于抗逆转录病毒治疗的国际法和人权
Pub Date : 2021-06-18 DOI: 10.18662/eejmhb/4.1/23
L. Vlad
With the development of new technologies, more and more issues have arisen the legal framework and ethics must respond to. From an ethical perspective, codes of ethics have been formulated that prohibit the use of new technologies in order to create hybrid individuals or to create human clones of people who exist or have existed. In terms of international law, we will highlight a few countries that have laws and articles of law that are of interest for this work, but we will also highlight the importance of observing the human rights.
随着新技术的发展,出现了越来越多的问题,法律框架和伦理必须作出回应。从伦理的角度来看,已经制定了道德准则,禁止使用新技术来创造杂交个体或创造现有或曾经存在的人的克隆人。在国际法方面,我们将强调一些国家的法律和法律条款与这项工作有关,但我们也将强调遵守人权的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
The Patient – in Shaping the Professional Identity of the Future Nurse 病人——塑造未来护士的职业认同
Pub Date : 2021-06-18 DOI: 10.18662/eejmhb/4.1/24
M. Neculau
Understanding how nurses are constructing their professional identity can be the first step for a better training for the students in nursing. The clinical practice is exploited mostly for its technical skills development. Listening to the stories of the future nurses from the clinical practice is a way understand the huge potential of resources for learning. Students in nursing are entering the clinical practice with some expectations and values which are challenged during their experience in the medical environment by many factors, one of the most important being the patient. Together, with fear of error associated with the responsibility of the nurse profession, identifying strategies of preferred identities constructions, in relationship with the personal values identified as significant and with the rejected professional identities, lead the future nurse to reach professional preferred identities associated with socially desirable behaviors highlighted and validated by patient contribution.
了解护士是如何构建自己的职业身份可以是第一步,为学生提供更好的培训护理。临床实习主要用于技术技能的培养。从临床实践中倾听未来护士的故事是了解学习资源巨大潜力的一种方式。护理专业的学生带着一些期望和价值观进入临床实践,这些期望和价值观在他们在医疗环境中的经历中受到许多因素的挑战,其中最重要的因素之一是患者。通过对与护士职业责任相关的错误的恐惧,确定优先身份构建的策略,与确定为重要的个人价值观和被拒绝的职业身份相关,引导未来的护士达到与社会期望行为相关的职业首选身份,这些行为被患者的贡献所突出和验证。
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引用次数: 0
Self-Mediation in the Contemporary Couple 当代夫妻中的自我调解
Pub Date : 2021-06-18 DOI: 10.18662/eejmhb/4.1/26
I. Apostu
The traditional cultural reminiscences existing in contemporary couples often create difficulties in adapting to a common value system by the partners. The tendency to tolerate the other also seems obvious and for these reasons, marital solidarity has many functional problems. In the common culture, the conflict is equivalent to scandal, so often the tendency to avoid the conflict is a priority to mediate the conflictual situation. At the same time, in the process of self-mediation, a priority effort tends to be to look for the guilty one and, at the same time, to dominate the mediation process. And because a certain set of tips already seems socially validated ("Communicate better!"), many couples end up mediating the effects of the conflict, not the state of the conflict itself. The study aims to analyze the opinions on the strategy of self-management of the conflict within the couple, based on a qualitative research, the research tool being the semi-structured interview.
当代夫妻之间存在的传统文化记忆,往往造成夫妻双方难以适应共同的价值体系。容忍对方的倾向似乎也很明显,由于这些原因,婚姻团结存在许多功能性问题。在普通文化中,冲突相当于丑闻,因此往往倾向于避免冲突是调解冲突局势的优先事项。与此同时,在自我调解的过程中,寻找有罪的一方往往是一个优先的努力,同时,主导调解过程。而且,由于某些建议似乎已经得到了社会的认可(“更好地沟通!”),许多夫妻最终都是在调解冲突的影响,而不是冲突本身的状态。本研究旨在分析对夫妻内部冲突的自我管理策略的意见,基于定性研究,研究工具为半结构化访谈。
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引用次数: 0
Addressing Menstrual Health & Hygiene Practices in the Era of COVID-19 Pandemic 应对COVID-19大流行时代的月经健康和卫生习惯
Pub Date : 2021-06-18 DOI: 10.18662/eejmhb/4.1/25
S. Mishra
Menstruation is the natural bodily process of releasing blood and associated matter from the uterus through the vagina as part of the menstrual cycle. Menstrual health take into account both menstrual hygiene management (MHM) practices and the broader interventions that link menstruation to health, wellbeing, gender, education, equality, empowerment and rights. Ensuring menstrual health & hygiene (MHH) practices in the face of COVID-19 health crisis gains increased significance in today’s world. In relation to MHM, several countries have reported that COVID-19 pandemic has worsened key challenges for women and adolescent girls who bleed due to several reasons. This research work aims to address strategies needed to mitigate the impacts of COVID-19 on MHH. Also, attempts have been made to investigate into considerations needed for ensuring MHH practices among women and girls with disabilities, and refugee and displaced people, as they are likely to be severely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Secondary data (largely qualitative in nature) have been used in the work and nature of data analysis is descriptive. The paper concludes that there is need to ensure that MHH supplies and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) are in place for both menstruating women and girls, and health care workers in hospital settings offering both menstrual health and COVID-19 care and services.
月经是从子宫通过阴道释放血液和相关物质的自然身体过程,是月经周期的一部分。经期保健考虑到经期卫生管理做法和将经期与健康、福利、性别、教育、平等、赋权和权利联系起来的更广泛的干预措施。面对2019冠状病毒病卫生危机,确保经期健康与卫生做法在当今世界变得更加重要。在母婴健康方面,一些国家报告说,COVID-19大流行加剧了妇女和少女面临的主要挑战,她们因多种原因而流血。这项研究工作旨在制定减轻COVID-19对MHH影响所需的战略。此外,还试图调查确保残疾妇女和女童以及难民和流离失所者的卫生保健实践所需的考虑因素,因为他们可能受到COVID-19大流行的严重影响。二手数据(本质上主要是定性的)在工作中被使用,数据分析的本质是描述性的。该报告的结论是,有必要确保卫生保健用品以及经期妇女和女孩的水、环境卫生和个人卫生(WASH),以及提供经期健康和COVID-19护理和服务的医院环境中的卫生保健工作者。
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引用次数: 1
Review of the Volume ”Vocea de la căpătâi. Ghid practic de consiliere la patul bolnavului” [The Bedside Voice. Practical Guide for Counseling at the Patient's Bed], Author: Ligia Moise, Lumen Publishing House, 2019
Pub Date : 2021-06-18 DOI: 10.18662/eejmhb/4.1/27
Simona Marica
The book ”Vocea de la căpătâi. Ghid practic de consiliere la patul bolnavului” [The bedside voice. Practical guide for counseling at the patient's bed], authored by Ligia Moise, published by Lumen Publishing House from Iasi, Romania, in 2019, is a practical counseling guide at the patient's bedside, written by a psychologist with clinical experience and humanistic training, which allows for a holistic approach to cases - not only the body, but also the soul must heal. Therefore, although she admits the indisputable value of knowledge, diagnosis, prognostic information, the author emphasizes a certain attitude towards the patient, an authentic, individualized way of communication, meant to activate the patient's coping resources.
这本书是《音乐之声》。Ghid practice de consiliere la patul bolnavului "[床边的声音。《床前咨询实用指南》由利吉亚·莫伊兹(Ligia Moise)撰写,2019年由罗马尼亚雅西的卢门出版社出版,是一本床前咨询实用指南,由具有临床经验和人文培训的心理学家撰写,可以采用整体方法处理病例——不仅身体,灵魂也必须治愈。因此,尽管她承认知识、诊断、预后信息的无可争辩的价值,但作者强调对患者的某种态度,一种真实的、个性化的沟通方式,旨在激活患者的应对资源。
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引用次数: 0
Key Issues of Medical Research Ethics 医学研究伦理的关键问题
Pub Date : 2019-12-25 DOI: 10.18662/eejmhb.17
Sorina-Alexandra Covalciuc
Ethics is an understanding of the nature of conflicts arising from the moral aspects that come with regard to certain elements as well as the ideal way to deal with them. As in the other fields, ethics in medical research deals with conflicts of interest at different levels. The fundamental principles of bioethics are: the principle of respect for autonomy, the principle of doing good, the principle of not doing harm and the principle of justice. These principles have been extremely influential in the field of medical ethics and are fundamental to understanding the current ethical assessment approach in healthcare. The most important problem from this point of view is the risks presented by some research methodologies on the persons under investigation.
伦理是对冲突的本质的理解,这些冲突来自于某些因素的道德方面,以及处理这些因素的理想方式。与其他领域一样,医学研究中的伦理涉及不同层次的利益冲突。生命伦理学的基本原则是:尊重自主原则、行善原则、不伤害原则和公正原则。这些原则在医学伦理学领域非常有影响力,是理解当前医疗保健伦理评估方法的基础。从这一观点来看,最重要的问题是某些研究方法对被调查者所带来的风险。
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引用次数: 1
Review on “Etica publicarii stiintifice si a comunicarii cunoasterii”, authored by Antonio Sandu, in the volume “Etica si integritate in educatie si cercetare”, Tritonic, 2018
Pub Date : 2019-12-25 DOI: 10.18662/eejmhb.20
Mariana Calancea
The purpose of this review is to debate and briefly present some notions and issues of the chapter "Ethics of scientific publication and communication of knowledge", authored by a professor. Dr. Antonio Sandu. The chapter is published within the volume Etică si integritate in educaţie si cercetare [Ethics and integrity in education and research] which is an educational course for students, masters or researchers in the ethical, sociological, legal or educational sphere. The volume appeared in 2018, at Tritonic Publishing House, coordinated by Antonio Sandu and Bogdan Popovenciuc. The purpose of this volume is to inform the academic environment, and not only, about the myriad forms under which ethics is found in academic research. Also, this volume can be considered a working instrument in order to develop university handbooks regarding the discipline of ethics in academic research, both within the university and postgraduate studies programs.
这篇综述的目的是讨论和简要介绍一位教授撰写的“科学出版和知识传播的伦理”一章的一些概念和问题。安东尼奥·桑杜博士。本章发表在educaţie si cercetare[教育和研究中的伦理和诚信]卷内,该卷是面向学生、硕士或研究人员的教育课程,适用于伦理、社会学、法律或教育领域。该卷于2018年在Tritonic出版社出版,由Antonio Sandu和Bogdan Popovenciuc协调。本卷的目的是告知学术环境,而不仅仅是关于在学术研究中发现的伦理的无数形式。此外,这本书可以被认为是一个有效的工具,以便在大学和研究生学习项目中开发关于学术研究中的伦理学科的大学手册。
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引用次数: 0
The Psychopathology of Serial Killers 连环杀手的精神病理学
Pub Date : 2019-12-25 DOI: 10.18662/eejmhb.19
Alexandra Huidu
Serial criminals have always influenced, with great fascination, the imagination and thoughts of the general public. From the earliest eras of history, such criminal personalities, widely publicized at the time, were personalities that shocked and gave rise to reactions as diverse as possible within society. It has long been considered that a serial killer is a man who cannot satisfy his sadistic sexual instincts and resorts to crime in order to obtain satisfaction. It has been observed, however, that the trigger of the serial crime is much wider, therefore there is a vast typology of serial criminals, which we will discuss in detail in this article.
连环罪犯总是以极大的魅力影响着公众的想象和思想。从最早的历史时期开始,这些在当时被广泛宣传的犯罪人物是震惊社会并在社会上引起尽可能多的不同反应的人物。长期以来,人们一直认为连环杀手是一个无法满足自己的性虐本能,为了获得满足而诉诸犯罪的人。然而,据观察,连环犯罪的触发因素要广泛得多,因此有一个巨大的连环罪犯类型,我们将在本文中详细讨论。
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引用次数: 9
Knowledge and Attitudes of Nurses toward the Use of Nursing Diagnosis in Clinical Practice 护士对临床应用护理诊断的知识和态度
Pub Date : 2019-01-29 DOI: 10.18662/EEJMHB/14
F. Kamberi
The study is aimed at evaluating the knowledge, perceptions, difficulties, and advantages associated with the use of Nursing Diagnosis (ND) in clinical practice by nurses. A cross – sectional study was conducted in April 2017 at Vlore Regional Hospital, Albania and included 43 nurses. For the data collection, an anonymous self-administered questionnaire was used. The Likert 1-5 rating scale was used for scoring the answers, 1-not difficult/small advantage and 5-very difficult/big advantage. Values of p≤0.05 were considered statistically significant. 51.16% of participants were women, mean of age 32 years, SD±7.17. A statistical association was found between the use of ND and the practice setting, p=0.0394. Knowledge about ND is gained through work or during studies. The use of ND was requested at work (60.47%) and 53.49% of nurses refer not to use it. The perceived difficulties are higher in female nurses (2.5), while nurses who use ND reported that the difficulties are related to lack of time and an understandable language. The maximum average score (4.0) for the benefits of using in function of improving and promoting nursing care with clinical standards were higher in male nurses. Among ND cited by nurses gaps in knowledge and confusion with medical diagnosis were identified. Findings suggest that improving clinical nursing practice through increased continuing education of nursing staff and improving curricula for ND can influence the proper use of ND, with a significant impact on the quality of care provided.
本研究旨在评估护士在临床实践中使用护理诊断(ND)的知识、认知、困难和优势。2017年4月在阿尔巴尼亚Vlore地区医院进行了一项横断面研究,包括43名护士。数据收集采用匿名自我管理问卷。使用李克特1-5量表对答案进行评分,1-不难/小优势,5-非常困难/大优势。p≤0.05认为有统计学意义。51.16%的参与者为女性,平均年龄32岁,SD±7.17。ND的使用与实践环境之间存在统计学关联,p=0.0394。关于ND的知识是通过工作或学习获得的。60.47%的护士要求在工作中使用ND, 53.49%的护士表示不使用ND。女护士感知到的困难更高(2.5),而使用ND的护士报告说,困难与缺乏时间和可理解的语言有关。男性护士对临床标准护理功能的改善和促进效益的最高平均得分(4.0分)较高。在护士提及的ND中,存在知识差距和对医学诊断的混淆。研究结果表明,通过增加护理人员的继续教育和改进ND课程来改善临床护理实践可以影响ND的正确使用,并对所提供的护理质量产生重大影响。
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引用次数: 4
Social Acceptance of Ethically Controversed Innovative Techniques Related to or Derived from Assisted Reproductive Technologies – A Review of Literature 社会对与辅助生殖技术相关或衍生的有伦理争议的创新技术的接受-文献综述
Pub Date : 2019-01-29 DOI: 10.18662/EEJMHB/11
Alexandra Huidu
In vitro fertilization (IVF) is the most widely known assisted reproductive technique (ART). Due to IVF, a number of medical practices have emerged, such as surrogate motherhood or cryopreservation of human embryos, which gives the possibility to have children not only to infertile heterosexual couples at the normal age of procreation, but also to homosexual or lesbian couples or to people who are past the biological age when they could naturally procreate. IVF makes it possible to create embryos outside the human body, and therefore opens the door for the possibility of physical and moral augmentation of the future child prior to implanting the embryo in uterus, as well as for embryonic stem cell research, in order to find the causality of diseases and treat them, but also for experiments that today do not seem so futuristic anymore, such as tcreating human-animal chimeras or hybrids, or cloning. This article aims to analyze the relevant literature on the mechanism of achieving social acceptability for these controversial techniques.
体外受精是最广为人知的辅助生殖技术。由于体外受精,出现了许多医疗实践,例如代孕母亲或人类胚胎冷冻保存,这不仅使处于正常生育年龄的不孕异性恋夫妇有可能生育孩子,而且也使同性恋夫妇或超过自然生育年龄的人有可能生育孩子。体外受精使得在人体外制造胚胎成为可能,因此,在胚胎植入子宫之前,为未来儿童的身体和道德增强打开了大门,也为胚胎干细胞研究打开了大门,以便找到疾病的因果关系并治疗它们,但也为今天看起来不再那么未来的实验打开了大门,例如创造人-动物嵌合体或杂交体,或克隆。本文旨在分析这些有争议的技术实现社会可接受性的相关文献。
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引用次数: 6
期刊
Eastern-European Journal of Medical Humanities and Bioethics
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