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MODELLING THE IMPACTS OF SELECTED WATERSHED MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES ON SEDIMENT REDUCTION UPSTREAM OF SHIRORO DAM, NIGERIA 尼日利亚希罗罗大坝上游选定流域管理策略对减沙影响的建模
Pub Date : 2023-02-09 DOI: 10.29081/jesr.v28i4.001
A. G. Adeogun, H. Ganiyu, Abraham Babajide Okunade, O. Amoo
This research utilized a regulated hydrological model, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) interfaced with Geographical Information System (GIS), in studying the effectiveness of the chosen watershed management strategies on sediment reduction upstream of Shiroro dam, Nigeria. Selected management approaches were modelled while calibration and validation of the model were achieved using observed streamflow data. Findings indicated a good correlation during calibration and validation period. Application of reforestation, vegetative filter strips and stone bunds in the watershed reduces sediment production by 27 %, 39 %, and 15 % respectively. Thus, the sediment management scenarios depicted within this research are considerably sustainable and effective.
本研究利用了一个与地理信息系统(GIS)接口的调节水文模型——土壤和水评估工具(SWAT),研究了所选流域管理策略对尼日利亚Shiroro大坝上游减沙的有效性。对选定的管理方法进行了建模,同时使用观测到的流量数据对模型进行了校准和验证。研究结果表明,在校准和验证期间存在良好的相关性。在流域内重新造林、植被过滤带和石堤的应用分别减少了27%、39%和15%的沉积物产生。因此,本研究中描述的沉积物管理情景是相当可持续和有效的。
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引用次数: 1
PROFILING OF THE HOB TOOL FOR WORM SHAFTS DEFORMATION 用于蜗杆轴变形的滚刀仿形
Pub Date : 2023-02-09 DOI: 10.29081/jesr.v28i4.015
V. Teodor, G. Moroșanu, N. Baroiu, R. Crăciun, V. Păunoiu
The paper presents an algorithm for profiling the hob tool designed to generate by plastic deformation the worm shafts from the composition of worm-wheel gear type, used in the seat adjustment mechanisms of some Audi and Mercedes cars. The active surface of the hob tool is a cylindrical helical surface of constant pitch. Two such tandem tools are used for deformation, the semi-finished product being positioned between them. During generation, the tools rotate around their own axes, which, combined with their helical surface, causes a helical movement of the blank. The active surfaces of the tools are mutually winding on the helical flanks of the generated worm. In the paper, two applications were developed for the generation of worms whose dimensions were determined by 3D scanning.
本文提出了一种对滚刀进行仿形的算法,该算法旨在通过塑性变形从蜗轮齿轮类型的组成中生成蜗杆轴,用于奥迪和梅赛德斯汽车的座椅调节机构。滚刀的活动表面是具有恒定螺距的圆柱形螺旋表面。两个这样的串联工具用于变形,半成品位于它们之间。在生成过程中,工具围绕其自身的轴旋转,这与它们的螺旋表面相结合,导致坯料的螺旋运动。工具的活动表面在所产生的蜗杆的螺旋侧面上相互缠绕。在本文中,开发了两个应用程序来生成通过3D扫描确定尺寸的蠕虫。
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引用次数: 0
HIGH STRENGTH-GEOPOLYMER BUILDING MATERIAL 高强度聚合物建筑材料
Pub Date : 2023-02-09 DOI: 10.29081/jesr.v28i4.012
L. Paunescu, E. Volceanov, B. Păunescu
New geopolymer concrete with high mechanical strength - 58.9 MPa after 28 days of curing - was experimentally made under environmental friendly and economic conditions. The high-strength-geopolymer is baed on coal fly ash and building concrete waste as geopolymer materials suitable for completely substituting the cement in concrete structure. The alumino-silicate geopolymer materials with binder role were activated in liquid alkaline medium (sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide) for facilitating the polymerization reaction that turns the alumino-silicate wastes into geopolymer concrete. The use for the first time in this experiment of recycled building concrete waste from demolition is the work originality.
在环境友好和经济的条件下,试验制备了新型地质聚合物混凝土,养护28天后力学强度为58.9MPa。以粉煤灰和建筑混凝土废料为原料,研制了一种适用于混凝土结构中完全取代水泥的高强度地质聚合物。具有粘合剂作用的铝硅酸盐地质聚合物材料在液态碱性介质(硅酸钠和氢氧化钠)中被活化,以促进聚合反应,将铝硅酸盐废物转化为地质聚合物混凝土。在这项实验中,首次使用拆除后的再生建筑混凝土垃圾是作品的独创性。
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引用次数: 0
DEVELOPMENT OF MELTED EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE AS ΒITUMEN MODIFIER FOR PAVEMENT CONSTRUCTION 熔融膨胀聚苯乙烯路面施工Βitumen改性剂的研制
Pub Date : 2023-02-09 DOI: 10.29081/jesr.v28i4.010
A. T. Oriaje, B. Dahunsi, Kazeem Adekunle Adeyemo
This study was designed to investigate the Performance of melted Expanded Polystrene (EPS) wastes on the quality of bitumen used in asphaltic concrete. The EPS materials were ground and then melted (200-400 oC) to form a slurry. Specific gravity of the EPS and chemical composition were determined by AAS analyses. The melted EPS was used as a modifier in mix proportions of 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10% by weight of bitumen. The 5% unmodified bitumen content obtained from the Marshall mix design was used to prepare asphalt concrete samples with 0 to 10% contents of melted EPS. The products were tested for Marshall stability, specific gravity, penetration, softening point, ductility, loss on heating, viscosity, flash and fire points and the melting point tests using standard methods. The ground EPS was uniform and well-graded (4.750-0.010 mm) with a specific gravity of 0.012, having a styrene structure with methanol on the ring. The specimen prepared with the specified mix proportion of EPS produced results that ranged between 5598.71-16937.70 N for Marshal stability; 2.02-3.54 for specific gravity; 129-152 mm for penetration; 42.80-47.50 oC for softening point; 75.00-32.90 cm for ductility; 0-3.48% for loss on heating; 208-2204 sec.STV for viscosity; 243.3-269.0 oC for flash point; 196.1-211.0 oC for melting point. The results also showed that with correlation coefficients ranging from r = 0.658-0.999, there is a strong positive correlation between the improvement exhibited in the specimen tested properties and melted EPS used in bitumen. At the 5% bitumen with 5% EPS by weight of asphalt concrete, the results of stability, flow and optimum bitumen content satisfied the British Standard Specification framework for polymer-modified bitumen and it is therefore suitable for flexible pavement construction.
本研究旨在探讨熔融聚苯乙烯(EPS)废弃物对沥青混凝土用沥青品质的影响。将EPS材料研磨后熔化(200-400℃)形成浆料。采用原子吸收光谱法测定了EPS的比重和化学成分。将熔融后的EPS作为改性剂,在沥青质量比为0、2.5、5、7.5和10%的混合比例下使用。采用Marshall混合料设计获得的5%未改性沥青含量制备了熔融EPS含量为0 ~ 10%的沥青混凝土样品。采用标准方法测试了产品的马歇尔稳定性、比重、渗透、软化点、延展性、加热损失、粘度、闪点和着火点以及熔点测试。地面EPS均匀且分级良好(4.750-0.010 mm),比重为0.012,具有苯乙烯结构,环上有甲醇。EPS混合比例为5598.71 ~ 16937.70 N,为元帅稳定性;比重为2.02-3.54;129-152毫米的穿透;42.80-47.50℃为软化点;延展性为75.00-32.90 cm;供热损失0-3.48%;208-2204秒,粘度stv;闪点243.3-269.0℃;熔点为196.1-211.0℃。结果还表明,在r = 0.658-0.999的相关系数范围内,试件性能的改善与沥青中使用的熔融EPS之间存在很强的正相关关系。在5%的沥青和5%的EPS重量比沥青混凝土下,稳定性、流动性和最佳沥青含量的结果满足英国聚合物改性沥青标准规范框架,因此适用于柔性路面施工。
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引用次数: 0
ENHANCEMENT OF GENERALISED SELECTIVE COMBINER USING COMBINED MODULATION SCHEMES OVER RAYLEIGH FADING CHANNEL 瑞利衰落信道下广义选择性组合器的组合调制增强
Pub Date : 2023-02-09 DOI: 10.29081/jesr.v28i4.008
H. Lasisi, F. Adeagbo, B. Aderinkola
This research paper focused on the enhancement improvement of communication system using a combined modulation signal of Quadrature Amplitude Multiplexing and Orthogonal-frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) using a performance metrics of bit error rate (BER) and Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) tested on a Rayleigh fading channel. The GSC is introduced at the receiving end to give a better received signal with in turn will result in better Quality of Service. The bit error rate (BER) performance of this type of systems are evaluated in the Rayleigh fading channel using Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel as an ideal model.
本文利用在瑞利衰落信道上测试的误码率(BER)和信噪比(SNR)性能指标,重点研究了正交幅度复用和正交频分复用(OFDM)组合调制信号对通信系统的增强改进。GSC被引入接收端,以提供更好的接收信号,从而产生更好的服务质量。以加性高斯白噪声(AWGN)信道为理想模型,对这类系统在瑞利衰落信道中的误码率(BER)性能进行了评估。
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引用次数: 0
ELECTRICAL ARC FLASH SAFETY DETECTION IN POWER DISTRIBUTION NETWORK 配电网电弧闪络安全检测
Pub Date : 2023-02-09 DOI: 10.29081/jesr.v28i4.007
Amakiri Okilo Friday, Aghaukwu Celestine Nonso, Simon Ita Okisak
This paper seeks to investigate the safety issues surrounding Federal University of Petroleum Resources Effurun (FUPRE) distribution network and the steps taken by the management to ensure that all employee’ health and safety issues are protected. Using direct observation, data were collected while ETAP was used to analyze the system. According to our findings, the Admin Block has the highest total fault current with an arcing value of 11.197 A and a bolted fault of 15.490 A, followed by College of Science with an arcing value of 9.460 A and a bolted fault of 13.106 A. Bus 1 has the lowest arcing value of 0.735 A and a bolted fault of 0.735A but with the highest incident energy of 6.180 cal/cm2, followed by Admin Block with incident energy of 2.868, while Health Center and Hostel had the lowest incident energy of 0.194 cal/cm2 and 0.196 cal/cm2, respectively. Arc-Flash Hazards are classified into five Hazard Risk Categories by NFPA 70E, Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace which range from category A-C from the findings. This has helped to shed more light on the safety detection and control practices in workplace. This work adopted the incident energy analysis method during the investigation of the FUPRE distribution network. This analysis also showed the effectiveness of FUPRE distribution network in terms of health and safety practices.
本文旨在调查围绕联邦石油资源大学Effurun (FUPRE)分销网络的安全问题,以及管理层为确保所有员工的健康和安全问题得到保护而采取的措施。采用直接观测法采集数据,采用ETAP对系统进行分析。结果表明,行政区总故障电流最大,电弧值为11.197 A,螺栓故障电流为15.490 A;理学院次之,电弧值为9.460 A,螺栓故障电流为13.106 A。母线1的电弧值最低,为0.735A,锚固故障为0.735A,但入射能量最高,为6.180 cal/cm2,其次是行政区,入射能量为2.868,卫生中心和宿舍的入射能量最低,分别为0.194 cal/cm2和0.196 cal/cm2。根据NFPA 70E,工作场所电气安全标准,电弧闪光危险分为五个危险类别,范围从A-C类。这有助于进一步了解工作场所的安全检测和控制措施。在对FUPRE配电网的调查中,本文采用了入射能量分析方法。这一分析还表明,就健康和安全做法而言,富预分发网络是有效的。
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引用次数: 0
EXPERIMENTAL OPTIMIZATION OF AERODYNAMIC DRAG COEFFICIENT OF A MINIBUS MODEL WITH NON-SMOOTH SURFACE PLATE APPLICATION 应用非光滑平板的小型客车模型气动阻力系数的实验优化
Pub Date : 2023-02-09 DOI: 10.29081/jesr.v28i4.004
Cihan Bayindirli, M. Çelik
In this study non-smooth surface plate application was experimentally investigated to flow control around a scaled minibus model in a wind tunnel. 1/15 scaled minibus model and non-smooth surface plate were designed in SolidWorks® Cad program and produced in 3-D printer. It was focused on decrease of drag coefficient of vehicle with non-smooth surface plate by reducing flow separation. The experimental tests carried out 4 free stream velocities between the speed of 13.90-27.40 m/s and 2.62x105-5.18x105 Reynolds numbers. In wind tunnel tests Reynolds number independence was used to ensure dynamic similarity. The blockage rate was 10.68 %. It was determined that the using of non-smooth surface plate e on the front roof area of minibus model decreased to drag coefficient by an average of 1.03%. This reduction rate can decrease fuel consumption of vehicle about 0.5% at high speeds.
本文研究了非光滑板在微型车模型风洞流动控制中的应用。在SolidWorks®Cad程序中设计1/15比例的小巴模型和非光滑面板,并在3d打印机中进行打印。重点研究了通过减少流动分离来降低非光滑板飞行器的阻力系数。在13.90 ~ 27.40 m/s和2.62x105 ~ 5.18x105雷诺数范围内进行了4种自由流速度的实验测试。在风洞试验中,采用雷诺数无关来保证动力相似性。堵塞率为10.68%。结果表明,在小巴车型前车顶面积上使用非光滑表面板可使阻力系数平均降低1.03%。在高速行驶时,这种降低率可使车辆的燃油消耗量降低约0.5%。
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引用次数: 1
EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF A 2.4 GHZ ANTENNA FOR TYRE PRESSURE MONITORING SYSTEM 轮胎气压监测系统2.4 GHZ天线的实验分析
Pub Date : 2023-02-09 DOI: 10.29081/jesr.v28i4.006
K. O. Enalume, J. Emagbetere, F. Edeko
Antennas used for tyre pressure monitoring systems are usually enclosed by the tyre. On its own, the antenna may have excellent properties. However, the wheel and tyre may have an impact on the performance of the antenna. This paper investigated the performance of a simple 2.4 GHz whip antenna for a tyre pressure monitoring system. The antenna was modelled using HFSS, while the wheel and tyre were modelled using SolidWorks. The wheel and tyre can have an impact on the antenna performance. The reflection coefficients, VSWR, gain and radiation pattern were determined through simulations, using HFSS. The antenna operation was checked at different positions and configurations to the wheel to determine its’ optimum position for effective signal radiation. The four different configurations were: antenna grounded to the middle of the rim, antenna ungrounded to the wheel’s edge, antenna grounded to the wheel’s edge, and antenna grounded to the wheel’s edge enclosed by the tyre. The result shows that electrically grounding the antenna to the wheel by the edge improves its performance. Also, the tyre did not negatively impact the far-field gain of the antenna.
用于轮胎压力监测系统的天线通常被轮胎包围。就其本身而言,天线可能具有优异的性能。但是,车轮和轮胎可能会对天线的性能产生影响。本文研究了用于轮胎压力监测系统的简单2.4 GHz鞭状天线的性能。采用HFSS对天线进行建模,采用SolidWorks对车轮和轮胎进行建模。车轮和轮胎会对天线性能产生影响。通过HFSS模拟,确定了反射系数、驻波比、增益和辐射方向图。在车轮的不同位置和配置下,检查天线的运行情况,以确定其有效信号辐射的最佳位置。四种不同的配置是:天线接地到轮辋中间,天线不接地到车轮边缘,天线接地到车轮边缘,天线接地到轮胎包围的车轮边缘。结果表明,通过边缘将天线与车轮电接地可以提高天线的性能。此外,轮胎不会对天线的远场增益产生负面影响。
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引用次数: 0
MODELING THE TENSILE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE WITH POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE (PET) WASTE AS REPLACEMENT FOR FINE AGGREGATE USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK 采用人工神经网络对pet废料替代细骨料的混凝土抗拉强度进行了建模
Pub Date : 2023-02-09 DOI: 10.29081/jesr.v28i4.003
W. Ajagbe, M. Tijani, O. Odukoya
Tensile strength of concrete made with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste as replacement for fine aggregate was modelled using artificial neural network. A multilayer feedforward neural network (MLFFNN) and radial basis function (RBF) methodology were compared to see which was more accurate. The MLFFNN modelling results showed a predictive accuracy of 95.364% and a root mean square error value of 4.4409 × 10-16 while RBF neural network modeling results showed a higher predictive accuracy (99.509%) with a lower root mean square error value (1.6653 × 10-16). It is concluded that ANN models accurately predicted the tensile strength of PET concrete.
用人工神经网络模拟了用聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)废料代替细骨料制成的混凝土的抗拉强度。将多层前馈神经网络(MLFFNN)和径向基函数(RBF)方法进行了比较,以确定哪种方法更准确。MLFFNN建模结果显示预测准确率为95.364%,均方根误差值为4.4409。结果表明,人工神经网络模型准确地预测了PET混凝土的抗拉强度。
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引用次数: 0
FLUID DYNAMIC STUDY USING RTD IN A PACKED REACTOR AND EVALUATING FLOW PATTERN MODELS ON THE CHEMICAL CONVERSION. AN APPROACH TO REAL BEHAVIOR 填料反应器中RTD的流体动力学研究及化学转化的流型模型评价。一种接近真实行为的方法
Pub Date : 2023-02-09 DOI: 10.29081/jesr.v28i4.014
Klaus Serny, Milexi Pacheco
In this work was done a fluid dynamic study in an experimental packed reactor using RTD exposing bimodal and modal behavior when it was varied the particle diameter and bed presenting flow channels, dead zones in the vessel and lateness of the material mixture in the equipment. Additionally, using flow pattern models was estimated the chemical conversion with greater approximation to the experimental value. This result could be use in the scaling stages of the process and minimize overdesigns.
在这项工作中,使用RTD在实验填充反应器中进行了流体动力学研究,揭示了当颗粒直径和床层存在流动通道、容器中的死区和设备中材料混合物的潜伏期变化时的双峰和模态行为。此外,使用流型模型估计了化学转化率,其与实验值更接近。这一结果可用于工艺的缩放阶段,并最大限度地减少超设计。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Engineering Studies and Research
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