Pub Date : 2024-04-03DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2024.56.2.1
I. Wenten, K. Khoiruddin, Utjok Welo, Risma Siagian
This paper explores the vital role of green energy technologies in mitigating carbon emissions and advancing sustainable energy transition. It emphasizes the significance of green energy in reducing the carbon footprint, delves into the environmental consequences of carbon emissions, and analyzes the mechanisms through which green energy contributes to carbon reduction. This paper discusses technological advancements across various renewable energy sources, including solar, wind, hydroelectric, biomass, geothermal, tidal, wave, nuclear, osmotic, and salinity-powered energy generation. It also examines emerging green energy technologies, identifies barriers to adoption, offers an Indonesian perspective, and provides recommendations for a greener energy future. Overall, this paper offers a comprehensive exploration of green energy's transformative potential in combatting climate change and promoting sustainable development.
{"title":"Green Energy Technologies: A Key Driver in Carbon Emission Reduction","authors":"I. Wenten, K. Khoiruddin, Utjok Welo, Risma Siagian","doi":"10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2024.56.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2024.56.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the vital role of green energy technologies in mitigating carbon emissions and advancing sustainable energy transition. It emphasizes the significance of green energy in reducing the carbon footprint, delves into the environmental consequences of carbon emissions, and analyzes the mechanisms through which green energy contributes to carbon reduction. This paper discusses technological advancements across various renewable energy sources, including solar, wind, hydroelectric, biomass, geothermal, tidal, wave, nuclear, osmotic, and salinity-powered energy generation. It also examines emerging green energy technologies, identifies barriers to adoption, offers an Indonesian perspective, and provides recommendations for a greener energy future. Overall, this paper offers a comprehensive exploration of green energy's transformative potential in combatting climate change and promoting sustainable development.","PeriodicalId":15689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140747724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2024.56.1.1
A. Harimawan, H. Devianto, Nicholas Khodiyat, Kreszen Livianus Gatalie, Christian Aslan
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) can potentially be used to overcome issues with battery powered light buoys and their frequent maintenance. In this study, a phototrophic sediment microbial fuel cell (PSMFC) was chosen, as the microalgae provide oxygen to be reduced on the cathode and to release the necessary nutrients for the bacteria on the anode. To achieve this, we studied the effect of illumination, the period of the illumination, and the distance between 9-cm2 stainless steel mesh electrodes on the performance of the MFC. The illuminated cells were able to produce higher OCP (max. 205.2 mV) and higher power density (max. 0.68 mW/m2). However, the highest current was achieved during the unilluminated variation (max. 5.3 μA unilluminated and 3.3 μA illuminated). Prolonged illumination produced a higher OCP, current, and power density. A longer electrode distance produced a higher OCP, power density, and current. SEM analysis showed that biofilm formation tended to be scattered at lower electrode distance and more clumped (filling the anode area) at higher electrode distance. Through FTIR analysis, it was found that all MFC variations had the same organic matter, but a more concentrated organic content was found in the MFC at longer electrode distances.
{"title":"The Effect of Illumination, Electrode Distance, and Illumination Periods on the Performance of Phototrophic Sediment Microbial Fuel Cells (PSMFCs)","authors":"A. Harimawan, H. Devianto, Nicholas Khodiyat, Kreszen Livianus Gatalie, Christian Aslan","doi":"10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2024.56.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2024.56.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) can potentially be used to overcome issues with battery powered light buoys and their frequent maintenance. In this study, a phototrophic sediment microbial fuel cell (PSMFC) was chosen, as the microalgae provide oxygen to be reduced on the cathode and to release the necessary nutrients for the bacteria on the anode. To achieve this, we studied the effect of illumination, the period of the illumination, and the distance between 9-cm2 stainless steel mesh electrodes on the performance of the MFC. The illuminated cells were able to produce higher OCP (max. 205.2 mV) and higher power density (max. 0.68 mW/m2). However, the highest current was achieved during the unilluminated variation (max. 5.3 μA unilluminated and 3.3 μA illuminated). Prolonged illumination produced a higher OCP, current, and power density. A longer electrode distance produced a higher OCP, power density, and current. SEM analysis showed that biofilm formation tended to be scattered at lower electrode distance and more clumped (filling the anode area) at higher electrode distance. Through FTIR analysis, it was found that all MFC variations had the same organic matter, but a more concentrated organic content was found in the MFC at longer electrode distances.","PeriodicalId":15689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140092191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2024.56.1.5
Nidya Chitraningrum, L. Banowati, Dina Herdiana, Budi Mulyati, Indra Sakti, Ahmad Fudholi, Huzair Saputra, Salman Farishi, Kahlil Muchtar, Agus Andria
Corn is one of the primary carbohydrate-rich food commodities in Southeast Asian countries, among which Indonesia. Corn production is highly dependent on the health of the corn plant. Infected plants will decrease corn plant productivity. Usually, corn farmers use conventional methods to control diseases in corn plants. Still, these methods are not effective and efficient because they require a long time and a lot of human labor. Deep learning-based plant disease detection has recently been used for early disease detection in agriculture. In this work, we used convolutional neural network algorithms, namely YOLO-v5 and YOLO-v8, to detect infected corn leaves in the public data set called ‘Corn Leaf Infection Data set’ from the Kaggle repository. We compared the mean average precision (mAP) of mAP 50 and mAP 50-95 between YOLO-v5 and YOLO-v8. YOLO-v8 showed better accuracy at an mAP 50 of 0.965 and an mAP 50-95 of 0.727. YOLO-v8 also showed a higher detection number of 12 detections than YOLO-v5 at 11 detections. Both YOLO algorithms required about 2.49 to 3.75 hours to detect the infected corn leaves. This all-trained model could be an effective solution for early disease detection in future corn plantations.
{"title":"Comparison Study of Corn Leaf Disease Detection based on Deep Learning YOLO-v5 and YOLO-v8","authors":"Nidya Chitraningrum, L. Banowati, Dina Herdiana, Budi Mulyati, Indra Sakti, Ahmad Fudholi, Huzair Saputra, Salman Farishi, Kahlil Muchtar, Agus Andria","doi":"10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2024.56.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2024.56.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Corn is one of the primary carbohydrate-rich food commodities in Southeast Asian countries, among which Indonesia. Corn production is highly dependent on the health of the corn plant. Infected plants will decrease corn plant productivity. Usually, corn farmers use conventional methods to control diseases in corn plants. Still, these methods are not effective and efficient because they require a long time and a lot of human labor. Deep learning-based plant disease detection has recently been used for early disease detection in agriculture. In this work, we used convolutional neural network algorithms, namely YOLO-v5 and YOLO-v8, to detect infected corn leaves in the public data set called ‘Corn Leaf Infection Data set’ from the Kaggle repository. We compared the mean average precision (mAP) of mAP 50 and mAP 50-95 between YOLO-v5 and YOLO-v8. YOLO-v8 showed better accuracy at an mAP 50 of 0.965 and an mAP 50-95 of 0.727. YOLO-v8 also showed a higher detection number of 12 detections than YOLO-v5 at 11 detections. Both YOLO algorithms required about 2.49 to 3.75 hours to detect the infected corn leaves. This all-trained model could be an effective solution for early disease detection in future corn plantations.","PeriodicalId":15689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140411316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2024.56.1.2
Akhmad Ilham Ramadhan Sabara, Iswandi Imran
In this study, a comprehensive evaluation was conducted of the condition and performance of a concrete arch-type bridge located in close proximity to a fault. Utilizing the LRFR capacity assessment method and seismic performance analysis through the NLTHA process based on the PBSD concept, finite element modeling (FEM) was employed with a focus on construction stage analysis and model updating for calibration to site conditions. The assessment encompassed the determination of the rating factor for structural elements under service and ultimate limit state loading. Performance analysis under seismic loads includes an examination of engineering demand parameters such as concrete and reinforcement strains in columns, subjected to varying seismic hazard levels. Additional scrutiny involves assessing bearing displacement and overturning potential to identify potential damage before column failure. The primary objective of this research was to investigate pertinent and efficient techniques for evaluating bridge capacity and seismic performance. A thorough understanding of these methods is expected to facilitate the identification of suitable solutions to enhance the safety and reliability of bridges in Indonesia.
{"title":"Bridge Capacity Assessment through LRFR Method and Bridge Seismic Performance Evaluation Using the PBSD Concept: Case Study","authors":"Akhmad Ilham Ramadhan Sabara, Iswandi Imran","doi":"10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2024.56.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2024.56.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a comprehensive evaluation was conducted of the condition and performance of a concrete arch-type bridge located in close proximity to a fault. Utilizing the LRFR capacity assessment method and seismic performance analysis through the NLTHA process based on the PBSD concept, finite element modeling (FEM) was employed with a focus on construction stage analysis and model updating for calibration to site conditions. The assessment encompassed the determination of the rating factor for structural elements under service and ultimate limit state loading. Performance analysis under seismic loads includes an examination of engineering demand parameters such as concrete and reinforcement strains in columns, subjected to varying seismic hazard levels. Additional scrutiny involves assessing bearing displacement and overturning potential to identify potential damage before column failure. The primary objective of this research was to investigate pertinent and efficient techniques for evaluating bridge capacity and seismic performance. A thorough understanding of these methods is expected to facilitate the identification of suitable solutions to enhance the safety and reliability of bridges in Indonesia.","PeriodicalId":15689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140416765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2024.56.1.3
Utjok Welo, Risma Siagian, Gede Wenten, K. Khoiruddin
Today, facing difficult environmental and sustainability questions, the palm oil industry is an important force in global trade and development. As a transformative solution to these problems, this review assesses the implementation of circular economy (CE) strategies. CE principles promote the transformation of waste into value through recycling, upcycling and other low-carbon innovation applications. This review estimates the capability of palm-based biomass, including palm oil mill effluent (POME) and refinery wastes. It evaluates how different technologies such as gasification are used to change these fuel sources into energy fuels and value-added products for industry. It also involves incorporating Industry 4.0 to boost efficiency and waste value creation into the operation. Although the potential of CE in creating an eco-friendly, profitable palm oil industry is apparent, nevertheless it must overcome all kinds and levels of barriers – from economic to technological to social. This review points out for collaborative efforts, technological advancement, and supportive policies to navigate these challenges, advocating for a unified shift towards sustainability and efficiency in the palm oil sector.
{"title":"Circular Economy Approaches in the Palm Oil Industry: Enhancing Profitability through Waste Reduction and Product Diversification","authors":"Utjok Welo, Risma Siagian, Gede Wenten, K. Khoiruddin","doi":"10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2024.56.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2024.56.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Today, facing difficult environmental and sustainability questions, the palm oil industry is an important force in global trade and development. As a transformative solution to these problems, this review assesses the implementation of circular economy (CE) strategies. CE principles promote the transformation of waste into value through recycling, upcycling and other low-carbon innovation applications. This review estimates the capability of palm-based biomass, including palm oil mill effluent (POME) and refinery wastes. It evaluates how different technologies such as gasification are used to change these fuel sources into energy fuels and value-added products for industry. It also involves incorporating Industry 4.0 to boost efficiency and waste value creation into the operation. Although the potential of CE in creating an eco-friendly, profitable palm oil industry is apparent, nevertheless it must overcome all kinds and levels of barriers – from economic to technological to social. This review points out for collaborative efforts, technological advancement, and supportive policies to navigate these challenges, advocating for a unified shift towards sustainability and efficiency in the palm oil sector.","PeriodicalId":15689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140416299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2024.56.1.6
Sapura Satayeva, Vera Alekseevna Burakhta, A. Urazova, D. Nazarova, B. E. Khamzina, Raikhan Sabitovna Begaliyeva, Altynay Shinguzhieva, Nurgul Satybayeva, Zhadyra Toigalievna Yerzhanova, Alma Askarovna Murzagaliyeva
Oil sludge exhibits a compositional similarity to bitumen, a pivotal constituent in asphalt concrete mixtures. This similarity underscores the potential applicability of oil waste in the production of asphalt concrete, serving not only as an organic binder to fortify indigenous soils but also as a binding agent for the fabrication of organomineral mixtures. The incorporation of oil sludge in road construction endeavors holds promise for the conservation of natural resources, the amelioration of the environmental landscape, and a concurrent reduction in the cost of construction materials. The focus of this study encompasses a comprehensive examination of the physical and mechanical properties pertaining to asphalt concrete of Grade I, Type B. To enhance the performance attributes of asphalt concrete, an additive in the form of oil sludge sourced from ZhaikMunay LLP (Uralsk) was introduced. Various proportions of oil sludge, namely 5%, 10%, and 15%, were incorporated into the asphalt concrete mixture. The utilization of 5% oil sludge elicited negligible alterations in the properties of the asphalt concrete. However, with a 15% addition of oil sludge, discernible reductions were observed in maximum compressive efficiency (0.03% by volume) and shear resistance, indicated by the internal friction coefficient efficiency (0.01% by volume).
{"title":"Asphalt Concrete Production Technology Using Oil Sludge from Zhaik Munay LLP","authors":"Sapura Satayeva, Vera Alekseevna Burakhta, A. Urazova, D. Nazarova, B. E. Khamzina, Raikhan Sabitovna Begaliyeva, Altynay Shinguzhieva, Nurgul Satybayeva, Zhadyra Toigalievna Yerzhanova, Alma Askarovna Murzagaliyeva","doi":"10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2024.56.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2024.56.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Oil sludge exhibits a compositional similarity to bitumen, a pivotal constituent in asphalt concrete mixtures. This similarity underscores the potential applicability of oil waste in the production of asphalt concrete, serving not only as an organic binder to fortify indigenous soils but also as a binding agent for the fabrication of organomineral mixtures. The incorporation of oil sludge in road construction endeavors holds promise for the conservation of natural resources, the amelioration of the environmental landscape, and a concurrent reduction in the cost of construction materials. The focus of this study encompasses a comprehensive examination of the physical and mechanical properties pertaining to asphalt concrete of Grade I, Type B. To enhance the performance attributes of asphalt concrete, an additive in the form of oil sludge sourced from ZhaikMunay LLP (Uralsk) was introduced. Various proportions of oil sludge, namely 5%, 10%, and 15%, were incorporated into the asphalt concrete mixture. The utilization of 5% oil sludge elicited negligible alterations in the properties of the asphalt concrete. However, with a 15% addition of oil sludge, discernible reductions were observed in maximum compressive efficiency (0.03% by volume) and shear resistance, indicated by the internal friction coefficient efficiency (0.01% by volume).","PeriodicalId":15689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140415666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2024.56.1.7
D. T. Tran, T. M. Phan
This study presents the application of an improved self-organizing migration algorithm (ISOMA) for minimizing the total electricity production expenditure (TEPE) and maximizing the total electricity sale profit (TPRF) for hydrothermal power systems (HTPS) without and with renewable energies. Two power system configurations were employed to test the real efficiency of ISOMA while dealing with two objective functions. In the first configuration, there was one thermal power plant and one hydropower plant, while in the second configuration, wind and solar energy were both connected to the first system. The results achieved in the first configuration with the first objective function indicated that ISOMA not only outperformed SOMA according to all comparison criteria but was also superior to other methods such as evolutionary programming (EP), acceleration factor-based particle swarm optimization (AFPSO), and accelerated particle swarm optimization (APSO). The evaluation of the results achieved by ISOMA in the second configuration with the objective function of maximizing the TPRF revealed that ISOMA could reach better profits than SOMA in terms of maximum, mean and minimum TPRF values over fifty trial runs. As a result, it was concluded that pumped storage hydropower plants are very useful in integrating with renewable power plants to cut total cost for thermal power plants and in reaching the highest profit for the whole system. Also, ISOMA is a suitable algorithm for the considered problem.
{"title":"Minimize Total Cost and Maximize Total Profit for Power Systems with Pumped Storage Hydro and Renewable Power Plants Using Improved Self-Organizing Migration Algorithm","authors":"D. T. Tran, T. M. Phan","doi":"10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2024.56.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2024.56.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents the application of an improved self-organizing migration algorithm (ISOMA) for minimizing the total electricity production expenditure (TEPE) and maximizing the total electricity sale profit (TPRF) for hydrothermal power systems (HTPS) without and with renewable energies. Two power system configurations were employed to test the real efficiency of ISOMA while dealing with two objective functions. In the first configuration, there was one thermal power plant and one hydropower plant, while in the second configuration, wind and solar energy were both connected to the first system. The results achieved in the first configuration with the first objective function indicated that ISOMA not only outperformed SOMA according to all comparison criteria but was also superior to other methods such as evolutionary programming (EP), acceleration factor-based particle swarm optimization (AFPSO), and accelerated particle swarm optimization (APSO). The evaluation of the results achieved by ISOMA in the second configuration with the objective function of maximizing the TPRF revealed that ISOMA could reach better profits than SOMA in terms of maximum, mean and minimum TPRF values over fifty trial runs. As a result, it was concluded that pumped storage hydropower plants are very useful in integrating with renewable power plants to cut total cost for thermal power plants and in reaching the highest profit for the whole system. Also, ISOMA is a suitable algorithm for the considered problem.","PeriodicalId":15689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140414730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2024.56.1.4
J. Rizkiana, Bryan Bryan, Edbert Gozali, Agus Tendi Ahmad Bustomi, Tirto Prakoso
This research investigated the performance of hematite-gamma alumina (Fe2O3/γ-Al2O3) catalyst in biodiesel production from palm oil. A full factorial experimental design was utilized to analyze the effect of hematite content, catalyst loading, and methanol-to-oil ratio on catalyst performance. From the experiment, biodiesel in the range of 73.6 to 87.6% FAME content was obtained. It was concluded that the catalyst composition, the methanol-to-oil ratio, and the catalyst loading have a significant effect on the FAME content of the biodiesel. Hematite has strong affinity for fatty acids, so a larger hematite surface area will result in a higher fatty acid absorption capacity. The addition of excess methanol can reduce the contact inhibition between the reactants and the active site of the catalyst, thereby increasing the conversion rate of the reaction. Moreover, a higher amount of catalyst loading can result in an increase in the FAME content when accompanied by an increase in the hematite content of the catalyst.
{"title":"Hematite-Gamma Alumina-based Solid Catalyst Development for Biodiesel Production from Palm Oil","authors":"J. Rizkiana, Bryan Bryan, Edbert Gozali, Agus Tendi Ahmad Bustomi, Tirto Prakoso","doi":"10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2024.56.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2024.56.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"This research investigated the performance of hematite-gamma alumina (Fe2O3/γ-Al2O3) catalyst in biodiesel production from palm oil. A full factorial experimental design was utilized to analyze the effect of hematite content, catalyst loading, and methanol-to-oil ratio on catalyst performance. From the experiment, biodiesel in the range of 73.6 to 87.6% FAME content was obtained. It was concluded that the catalyst composition, the methanol-to-oil ratio, and the catalyst loading have a significant effect on the FAME content of the biodiesel. Hematite has strong affinity for fatty acids, so a larger hematite surface area will result in a higher fatty acid absorption capacity. The addition of excess methanol can reduce the contact inhibition between the reactants and the active site of the catalyst, thereby increasing the conversion rate of the reaction. Moreover, a higher amount of catalyst loading can result in an increase in the FAME content when accompanied by an increase in the hematite content of the catalyst.","PeriodicalId":15689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140414192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-29DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2023.55.6.2
Alaa A. A, Dhuha Albusalih
An aggressive environment has a substantial effect on the progression of corrosion on metal surfaces and alloys. This study investigated the effect of one of the parameters that affect the corrosion process, the stirring rate, on the behavior of Steel 37 in 0.1 N of sulfuric acid. The main method used in this study is an electrochemical method (using a potentiostat at a scan rate of 3 MV.sec-1), applied at three different temperatures (25, 30, and ˚C). To evaluate the parameters of corrosion in this study, the Tafel extrapolation method was used. At a constant stirring rate, the corrosion current density was found to be increased with increasing temperature at a constant stirring rate. In addition, the corrosion rate increased with increasing stirring rate at a constant temperature due to the rise of the diffusion coefficient of oxygen. The Levich equation was used to calculate the limiting current densities, as well as the mass transfer coefficient (Km) and the Sherwood number (Sh). The Km values were calculated and it was found that the mass transfer coefficient was greater at higher temperatures and stirring rates. The results also revealed that the smallest values of Sh (2.575, 3.897) occurred at 30 °C at two stirring rates (200 and 400 rpm).
腐蚀性环境对金属表面和合金的腐蚀过程有很大影响。本研究调查了影响腐蚀过程的参数之一--搅拌速率对钢 37 在 0.1 N 硫酸中的行为的影响。本研究采用的主要方法是电化学方法（使用恒电位仪，扫描速率为 3 MV.sec-1），在三个不同的温度（25、30 和 ˚C）下进行。本研究采用塔菲尔外推法评估腐蚀参数。在恒定搅拌速率下，发现腐蚀电流密度随着温度的升高而增加。此外，在恒定温度下，由于氧气扩散系数的增加，腐蚀速率随搅拌速率的增加而增加。Levich 方程用于计算极限电流密度以及传质系数 (Km) 和舍伍德数 (Sh)。通过计算 Km 值发现，温度和搅拌速率越高，传质系数越大。结果还显示，在两种搅拌速率（200 rpm 和 400 rpm）下，30 °C 时的 Sh 值最小（2.575, 3.897）。
{"title":"Corrosion Behavior of Steel 37 under Dynamic Conditions in 0.1 N H2SO4","authors":"Alaa A. A, Dhuha Albusalih","doi":"10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2023.55.6.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2023.55.6.2","url":null,"abstract":"An aggressive environment has a substantial effect on the progression of corrosion on metal surfaces and alloys. This study investigated the effect of one of the parameters that affect the corrosion process, the stirring rate, on the behavior of Steel 37 in 0.1 N of sulfuric acid. The main method used in this study is an electrochemical method (using a potentiostat at a scan rate of 3 MV.sec-1), applied at three different temperatures (25, 30, and ˚C). To evaluate the parameters of corrosion in this study, the Tafel extrapolation method was used. At a constant stirring rate, the corrosion current density was found to be increased with increasing temperature at a constant stirring rate. In addition, the corrosion rate increased with increasing stirring rate at a constant temperature due to the rise of the diffusion coefficient of oxygen. The Levich equation was used to calculate the limiting current densities, as well as the mass transfer coefficient (Km) and the Sherwood number (Sh). The Km values were calculated and it was found that the mass transfer coefficient was greater at higher temperatures and stirring rates. The results also revealed that the smallest values of Sh (2.575, 3.897) occurred at 30 °C at two stirring rates (200 and 400 rpm).","PeriodicalId":15689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140485815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The chemical-enhanced oil recovery (CEOR) method is applied to change reservoir rock or fluid characteristics by injecting alkaline, surfactant, and polymer or a combination of two or three of the compounds. Surfactant flooding improves oil recovery by reducing the interfacial tension between oil and water. Selecting reservoir surfactants, especially microemulsions, requires careful screening. This study predicted waxy oil system interfacial tension using surfactant mixtures at below- and above-optimum salinity. To predict the interfacial tension, microemulsion types, HLB, ideal salinity, and HLD were used. The study predicted oil-surfactant-water interfacial tension using SAE, FEO, and their mixtures. We improved the Huh equation by adding a fitting parameter, β, to accommodate the transition from type III to type II microemulsions as salinity increases. With increasing salinity, anionic surfactant’s hydrophilic-hydrophobic interactions change, affecting the values and surfactant layer thickness. This study improved hydrophilic-lipophilic deviation (HLDN) by establishing a fixed interval for nonionic surfactants. Van der Waals attraction, values and interface surfactant layer thickness are connected, reflecting the fact that lower values reduce interfacial tension better. This study also found that surfactant packing at the oil-water interface increases the order of the oil-solution ratio and the microemulsion values with polarity.
化学提高石油采收率（CEOR）方法是通过注入碱性物质、表面活性剂和聚合物或其中两种或三种化合物的组合来改变储层岩石或流体的特性。表面活性剂注入法通过降低油水之间的界面张力提高石油采收率。选择油藏表面活性剂，尤其是微乳剂，需要仔细筛选。本研究使用低于和高于最佳盐度的表面活性剂混合物预测了蜡油体系的界面张力。为了预测界面张力，使用了微乳类型、HLB、理想盐度和 HLD。研究使用 SAE、FEO 及其混合物预测了油-表面活性剂-水的界面张力。我们改进了 Huh 方程，增加了一个拟合参数 β，以适应随着盐度增加从 III 型微乳液向 II 型微乳液的过渡。随着盐度的增加，阴离子表面活性剂的亲水-疏水相互作用会发生变化，从而影响数值和表面活性剂层厚度。本研究通过确定非离子表面活性剂的固定区间，改善了亲水-亲油偏差（HLDN）。范德瓦耳斯吸引力、数值和界面表面活性剂层厚度之间存在联系，反映出较低的数值能更好地降低界面张力。这项研究还发现，油水界面上的表面活性剂填料会随着极性的增加而增加油溶比和微乳液值。
{"title":"Lessons Learned in Interfacial Tension Prediction Using a Mixture of Sulfonate- and Ethoxylate-based Surfactants in a Waxy Oil-brine System","authors":"Rani Kurnia, Dian Asfriany Nurfalah, Deana Wahyuningrum, T. Marhaendrajana, Utjok W.R Siagian","doi":"10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2023.55.6.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2023.55.6.1","url":null,"abstract":"The chemical-enhanced oil recovery (CEOR) method is applied to change reservoir rock or fluid characteristics by injecting alkaline, surfactant, and polymer or a combination of two or three of the compounds. Surfactant flooding improves oil recovery by reducing the interfacial tension between oil and water. Selecting reservoir surfactants, especially microemulsions, requires careful screening. This study predicted waxy oil system interfacial tension using surfactant mixtures at below- and above-optimum salinity. To predict the interfacial tension, microemulsion types, HLB, ideal salinity, and HLD were used. The study predicted oil-surfactant-water interfacial tension using SAE, FEO, and their mixtures. We improved the Huh equation by adding a fitting parameter, β, to accommodate the transition from type III to type II microemulsions as salinity increases. With increasing salinity, anionic surfactant’s hydrophilic-hydrophobic interactions change, affecting the values and surfactant layer thickness. This study improved hydrophilic-lipophilic deviation (HLDN) by establishing a fixed interval for nonionic surfactants. Van der Waals attraction, values and interface surfactant layer thickness are connected, reflecting the fact that lower values reduce interfacial tension better. This study also found that surfactant packing at the oil-water interface increases the order of the oil-solution ratio and the microemulsion values with polarity.","PeriodicalId":15689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139135038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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