Pub Date : 2022-07-18DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.4.5
R. Setiawan, H. F. Hidayat, H. Dafiqurrohman, A. Surjosatyo, Radon Dhelika
Gasification is considered a promising option for harnessing energy potential from agricultural waste, such as rice husks. This paper presents a 10-kW rice husk fixed bed gasifier system. This system is an improved version of a prototype previously developed by our research group. Some of the optimized features added to the gasifier include the use of a circular air intake, an improved gas cleaning system, and electric motors that are regulated by a programmable logic controller. Keeping the gasifier system’s operation stable is critical for producing high-quality synthetic gas (syngas). Therefore, performance evaluation of the presented gasifier system was conducted, and the resulting syngas outputs were analyzed. The evaluation also included an investigation into the performance of the motors, particularly those used for feeding and char removal, which are critical components of the system. The results showed that the improved gasifier system was stable with a proper feedstock. A discussion of the parameters affecting the composition of the synthetic gas is also presented.
{"title":"Performance Evaluation of a Continuous Downdraft Gasification Reactor Driven by Electric Motors with Manual Mode of Operation","authors":"R. Setiawan, H. F. Hidayat, H. Dafiqurrohman, A. Surjosatyo, Radon Dhelika","doi":"10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.4.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.4.5","url":null,"abstract":"Gasification is considered a promising option for harnessing energy potential from agricultural waste, such as rice husks. This paper presents a 10-kW rice husk fixed bed gasifier system. This system is an improved version of a prototype previously developed by our research group. Some of the optimized features added to the gasifier include the use of a circular air intake, an improved gas cleaning system, and electric motors that are regulated by a programmable logic controller. Keeping the gasifier system’s operation stable is critical for producing high-quality synthetic gas (syngas). Therefore, performance evaluation of the presented gasifier system was conducted, and the resulting syngas outputs were analyzed. The evaluation also included an investigation into the performance of the motors, particularly those used for feeding and char removal, which are critical components of the system. The results showed that the improved gasifier system was stable with a proper feedstock. A discussion of the parameters affecting the composition of the synthetic gas is also presented.","PeriodicalId":15689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48730137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-18DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.4.2
S. Salehuddin, S. Zaini, M. A. Megat Johari, N. L. Rahim, M. A. Rahim
The use of reinforced concrete flat slabs in building construction increases the floor-to-floor clearance, expedites site operations, and offers aesthetically rewarding features. However, punching shear failure in a flat slab is brittle in nature and can be potentially catastrophic. Many studies have been conducted to improve the punching shear capacity of flat slabs but some of the proposed punching shear reinforcements were complicated and costly. This research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a simple and cost-effective; truss-shaped punching shear reinforcement embedded in a 1200 mm × 1200 mm × 175 mm thick flat slab specimen. Three types of truss-shaped punching shear reinforcements were prepared. All specimens were supported at the edges and subjected to gravity load tests. The results showed that the introduction of truss-shaped punching shear reinforcement increased the punching shear capacity in the range of 7.71% to 21.47%. The maximum deflection of these specimens exhibited an insignificant increase compared to the control specimen, suggesting that punching failure governed the ultimate behavior. The additional strength offered by truss-shaped punching shear reinforcement makes flat slabs as a construction material more appealing because they allow them to withstand higher design loads.
{"title":"Experimental Investigation on the Effectiveness of Truss-Shaped Punching Shear Reinforcement in Flat Slab","authors":"S. Salehuddin, S. Zaini, M. A. Megat Johari, N. L. Rahim, M. A. Rahim","doi":"10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.4.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.4.2","url":null,"abstract":"The use of reinforced concrete flat slabs in building construction increases the floor-to-floor clearance, expedites site operations, and offers aesthetically rewarding features. However, punching shear failure in a flat slab is brittle in nature and can be potentially catastrophic. Many studies have been conducted to improve the punching shear capacity of flat slabs but some of the proposed punching shear reinforcements were complicated and costly. This research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a simple and cost-effective; truss-shaped punching shear reinforcement embedded in a 1200 mm × 1200 mm × 175 mm thick flat slab specimen. Three types of truss-shaped punching shear reinforcements were prepared. All specimens were supported at the edges and subjected to gravity load tests. The results showed that the introduction of truss-shaped punching shear reinforcement increased the punching shear capacity in the range of 7.71% to 21.47%. The maximum deflection of these specimens exhibited an insignificant increase compared to the control specimen, suggesting that punching failure governed the ultimate behavior. The additional strength offered by truss-shaped punching shear reinforcement makes flat slabs as a construction material more appealing because they allow them to withstand higher design loads.","PeriodicalId":15689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42939510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-18DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.4.8
Arya Dipajaya, Kemal I. Ahmad, M. A. Kariem
This study focused on the design of a specimen fixture which can be installed on the end of a conventional transmission bar so that shear testing (punch and double-notch) can be conducted with any conventional split-Hopkinson apparatus. The research was conducted by using the finite element method in Abaqus/CAE with 6061-T651 Aluminum as the specimen material. The research successfully determined the effect of the fixture’s geometry and dimensions on the split-Hopkinson shear bar testing results. The optimum double-notch fixture provides great accuracy, having only a shear stress value difference of 1.49% with the original setup, while attaining force equilibrium after only 70 μs. The punch fixture, however, could only reach force equilibrium after 100 μs, thus providing too few observable data. Future work on the punch fixture is needed.
{"title":"Design of Split-Hopkinson Pressure Bar Specimen Fixture to Accommodate Punch and Double-Notch Shear Testing","authors":"Arya Dipajaya, Kemal I. Ahmad, M. A. Kariem","doi":"10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.4.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.4.8","url":null,"abstract":"This study focused on the design of a specimen fixture which can be installed on the end of a conventional transmission bar so that shear testing (punch and double-notch) can be conducted with any conventional split-Hopkinson apparatus. The research was conducted by using the finite element method in Abaqus/CAE with 6061-T651 Aluminum as the specimen material. The research successfully determined the effect of the fixture’s geometry and dimensions on the split-Hopkinson shear bar testing results. The optimum double-notch fixture provides great accuracy, having only a shear stress value difference of 1.49% with the original setup, while attaining force equilibrium after only 70 μs. The punch fixture, however, could only reach force equilibrium after 100 μs, thus providing too few observable data. Future work on the punch fixture is needed.","PeriodicalId":15689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41612717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-06DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.3.13
A. Gumilar, M. Syafila, M. Handajani, Ilham Anggamulia, S. Hidayat
The effect of pH on the formation of hydrogen and ethanol using POME as the substrate has not been widely studied. Indonesia, which is the largest producer of palm oil, has a high potential for the utilization of this liquid waste as a substrate for the formation of hydrogen and ethanol. This study determined the optimum hydrogen and ethanol production conditions by controlling pH. POME was used as substrate in an anaerobic reactor and operated in feed batch mode for 72 hours. Mixed culture anaerobic bacteria as biomass were used in the reactor. The pH of the reactor was adjusted to 4.5, 5.5, 6.5, and 7.5 using NaOH 0.1 N and HCl 0.1 N. The reactor’s performance was investigated by measuring hydrogen production, ethanol production, and volatile fatty acid product. It was found that with an initial pH of 5.5, hydrogen production was higher than for the other pH conditions, at about 14.7% v/v. In contrast, the most increased ethanol production occurred in the reactor with an initial pH of 6.5 with a concentration of 347.7 mg/L. Based on the results of this study, the right pH setting can optimize hydrogen and ethanol production.
{"title":"Wastewater Processing Technology Opportunities for Palm Oil Mill Effluent as a Raw Material for Renewable Bioenergy","authors":"A. Gumilar, M. Syafila, M. Handajani, Ilham Anggamulia, S. Hidayat","doi":"10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.3.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.3.13","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of pH on the formation of hydrogen and ethanol using POME as the substrate has not been widely studied. Indonesia, which is the largest producer of palm oil, has a high potential for the utilization of this liquid waste as a substrate for the formation of hydrogen and ethanol. This study determined the optimum hydrogen and ethanol production conditions by controlling pH. POME was used as substrate in an anaerobic reactor and operated in feed batch mode for 72 hours. Mixed culture anaerobic bacteria as biomass were used in the reactor. The pH of the reactor was adjusted to 4.5, 5.5, 6.5, and 7.5 using NaOH 0.1 N and HCl 0.1 N. The reactor’s performance was investigated by measuring hydrogen production, ethanol production, and volatile fatty acid product. It was found that with an initial pH of 5.5, hydrogen production was higher than for the other pH conditions, at about 14.7% v/v. In contrast, the most increased ethanol production occurred in the reactor with an initial pH of 6.5 with a concentration of 347.7 mg/L. Based on the results of this study, the right pH setting can optimize hydrogen and ethanol production.","PeriodicalId":15689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44728084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.3.12
F. L. Nugroho, Deni Rusmaya, Angela Deviliana
Dye-containing wastewater affects the aesthetic quality, transparency and gas solubility of natural water bodies, hence colored wastewater must be treated before being discharged. Physical removal of dyes from wastewater can be achieved using activated carbon. However, this technique is expensive, so there is a need to find less expensive alternatives. A waste product generated from coal-fired plants known as fly ash is a sorbent that can be used to remove pollutants from solution. This study investigated the effectiveness of using alkali (NaOH) hydrothermally activated fly ash to remove Reactive Yellow 4R azo dye from synthetic aqueous solution. Na2O in alkali hydrothermally activated fly ash increases thirteen-fold. SEM observations revealed that the raw fly ash consisted of smooth round shaped particles, whereas the activated fly ash was composed of granular crystalline particles. Batch adsorption experiments of the dye at 25 °C showed that increasing the activated fly ash quantity (0.5 to 3.5 g) increased the removal efficiency from 30% to 39.3%. The Freundlich isotherm adsorption model best described the adsorption of Reactive Yellow 4R dye by alkali hydrothermally activated fly ash with KF = 1.49 x 10-21 mg/g. The dye adsorption kinetics by activated fly ash followed the Lagergren pseudo second order model, with calculated qe = 2.65 mg/g; k2 = 0.06 g/mg; and calculated h = 0.42 mg/g min‑1. Dye removal occurred primarily through surface adsorption and very little through intra-particle diffusion.
{"title":"Removal of Reactive Yellow 4R Azo Dye from Synthetic Aqueous Solution by Alkali Hydrothermally Activated Fly Ash","authors":"F. L. Nugroho, Deni Rusmaya, Angela Deviliana","doi":"10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.3.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.3.12","url":null,"abstract":"Dye-containing wastewater affects the aesthetic quality, transparency and gas solubility of natural water bodies, hence colored wastewater must be treated before being discharged. Physical removal of dyes from wastewater can be achieved using activated carbon. However, this technique is expensive, so there is a need to find less expensive alternatives. A waste product generated from coal-fired plants known as fly ash is a sorbent that can be used to remove pollutants from solution. This study investigated the effectiveness of using alkali (NaOH) hydrothermally activated fly ash to remove Reactive Yellow 4R azo dye from synthetic aqueous solution. Na2O in alkali hydrothermally activated fly ash increases thirteen-fold. SEM observations revealed that the raw fly ash consisted of smooth round shaped particles, whereas the activated fly ash was composed of granular crystalline particles. Batch adsorption experiments of the dye at 25 °C showed that increasing the activated fly ash quantity (0.5 to 3.5 g) increased the removal efficiency from 30% to 39.3%. The Freundlich isotherm adsorption model best described the adsorption of Reactive Yellow 4R dye by alkali hydrothermally activated fly ash with KF = 1.49 x 10-21 mg/g. The dye adsorption kinetics by activated fly ash followed the Lagergren pseudo second order model, with calculated qe = 2.65 mg/g; k2 = 0.06 g/mg; and calculated h = 0.42 mg/g min‑1. Dye removal occurred primarily through surface adsorption and very little through intra-particle diffusion.","PeriodicalId":15689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44542684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-31DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.3.11
E. Puspawiningtiyas, T. Prakoso, M. Pratiwi, S. Subagjo, T. Soerawidjaja
In this study, an investigation on the effect of the Ca/Mg/Zn mixing ratio on gasoline-range hydrocarbon production by oleic basic soap pyrolysis was carried out. The ratios of calcium to magnesium used were 15%, 35%, 50%, 65%, and 85% with constant Zn. Oleic basic soap was obtained by saponification with the modified fusion method. Pyrolysis experiments were carried out at 450 °C using a semi-continuous reactor with a feed flow rate of 5 g/15 min. The process produced three fractions, i.e., gas, solid, and liquid (bio-hydrocarbon + water). The gas products were characterized by GC-TCD, and the results showed the presence of carbon dioxide, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and methane. Based on the GC-FID and FT-IR results, the bio-hydrocarbon comprised mainly homologous hydrocarbon from carbon number C7 to C19 containing n-alkanes, alkenes, various iso-alkanes, and some oxygenated compounds. All calcium ratios in the oleic basic soap produced hydrocarbon in the range of gasoline (C7-C11) as the dominant product. The maximum yield of gasoline (74.86%) was achieved at 15% calcium.
{"title":"Production of Biogasoline via Pyrolysis of Oleic Acid Basic Soaps","authors":"E. Puspawiningtiyas, T. Prakoso, M. Pratiwi, S. Subagjo, T. Soerawidjaja","doi":"10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.3.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.3.11","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, an investigation on the effect of the Ca/Mg/Zn mixing ratio on gasoline-range hydrocarbon production by oleic basic soap pyrolysis was carried out. The ratios of calcium to magnesium used were 15%, 35%, 50%, 65%, and 85% with constant Zn. Oleic basic soap was obtained by saponification with the modified fusion method. Pyrolysis experiments were carried out at 450 °C using a semi-continuous reactor with a feed flow rate of 5 g/15 min. The process produced three fractions, i.e., gas, solid, and liquid (bio-hydrocarbon + water). The gas products were characterized by GC-TCD, and the results showed the presence of carbon dioxide, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and methane. Based on the GC-FID and FT-IR results, the bio-hydrocarbon comprised mainly homologous hydrocarbon from carbon number C7 to C19 containing n-alkanes, alkenes, various iso-alkanes, and some oxygenated compounds. All calcium ratios in the oleic basic soap produced hydrocarbon in the range of gasoline (C7-C11) as the dominant product. The maximum yield of gasoline (74.86%) was achieved at 15% calcium.","PeriodicalId":15689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44170662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-31DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.3.9
C. Nguyen, Minh-Dinh Bui, Ngoc-Kien Nguyen, Van-Tinh Nguyen
The active antenna unit (AAU) is one of the main parts of the 5G base station, which has a large size and a high density of chipsets, and operates at a significantly high temperature. This systematic study presents an optimal design for the heat sink of an AAU with a V-shaped fin arrangement. First, a simulation of the heat dissipation was conducted on two designs of the heat sink – in-line and V-shaped fins – which was validated by experimental results. The result shows that the heat sink with V-shaped fins performed better compared to conventional models such as heat sinks with in-line fins. Secondly, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and the Lagrange interpolation method were applied to find out an optimal set of design parameters for the heat sink. It is worth noting that the optimal parameters of the orientation angle and fin spacing considerably affected the heat sink’s performance.
{"title":"Optimal Design of V-Shaped Fin Heat Sink for Active Antenna Unit of 5G Base Station","authors":"C. Nguyen, Minh-Dinh Bui, Ngoc-Kien Nguyen, Van-Tinh Nguyen","doi":"10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.3.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.3.9","url":null,"abstract":"The active antenna unit (AAU) is one of the main parts of the 5G base station, which has a large size and a high density of chipsets, and operates at a significantly high temperature. This systematic study presents an optimal design for the heat sink of an AAU with a V-shaped fin arrangement. First, a simulation of the heat dissipation was conducted on two designs of the heat sink – in-line and V-shaped fins – which was validated by experimental results. The result shows that the heat sink with V-shaped fins performed better compared to conventional models such as heat sinks with in-line fins. Secondly, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and the Lagrange interpolation method were applied to find out an optimal set of design parameters for the heat sink. It is worth noting that the optimal parameters of the orientation angle and fin spacing considerably affected the heat sink’s performance. ","PeriodicalId":15689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences","volume":"66 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41285958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-31DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.3.10
Thanh Tung Pham, C. Nguyen
This paper presents an adaptive fuzzy proportional integral sliding mode control (AFPISMC) for two-tank interacting system (TTIS). In order to maintain the desired liquid level of the TTIS and meet the reference values for attenuated chattering problems, this paper proposes a combination of a sliding mode control (SMC) with a proportional integral (PI) sliding surface and a fuzzy inference system. Fuzzy logic and the universal approximation theorem of fuzzy systems are used to approximate the uncertain function in the PISMC. The stability of the control system is proved by the Lyapunov theory. The simulation results of the proposed method in MATLAB/Simulink were compared to a fuzzy control, a sliding mode control with conditional integrals, a fuzzy-PID control, and a conventional PID control. The comparison results showed that the proposed controller was most effective when the rising time reached 0.2375 s, the percent of overshoot was 0%, the steady state error converged to zero, the settling time was 0.4612 s, and chattering was reduced.
{"title":"Adaptive Fuzzy Proportional Integral Sliding Mode Control for Two-Tank Interacting System","authors":"Thanh Tung Pham, C. Nguyen","doi":"10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.3.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.3.10","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an adaptive fuzzy proportional integral sliding mode control (AFPISMC) for two-tank interacting system (TTIS). In order to maintain the desired liquid level of the TTIS and meet the reference values for attenuated chattering problems, this paper proposes a combination of a sliding mode control (SMC) with a proportional integral (PI) sliding surface and a fuzzy inference system. Fuzzy logic and the universal approximation theorem of fuzzy systems are used to approximate the uncertain function in the PISMC. The stability of the control system is proved by the Lyapunov theory. The simulation results of the proposed method in MATLAB/Simulink were compared to a fuzzy control, a sliding mode control with conditional integrals, a fuzzy-PID control, and a conventional PID control. The comparison results showed that the proposed controller was most effective when the rising time reached 0.2375 s, the percent of overshoot was 0%, the steady state error converged to zero, the settling time was 0.4612 s, and chattering was reduced.","PeriodicalId":15689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48463124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-30DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.3.7
C. Nurhayati, Nesi Susilawati, T. Susanto, Winda Marthalia, Aditya Krisna Nugroho, Ahmad Paisan Pane
The aim of this research was to evaluate the physical-mechanical parameters of paving stones obtained on the basis of the mixture of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) and palm kernel shell ash (PKSA) waste. The ratio of LLDPE to PKSA waste (% weight) was varied in five treatments: A0 (100:0), A1 (97.5:2.5), A2 (95:5), A3 (92.5:7.5), A4 (90:10) and A5 (87.5:12.5). The physical appearance, thickness, compressive strength, water absorption, and morphological characteristics of the paving blocks were observed. The blocks were observed at ambient temperature, exposed to sunlight, and placed on the ground surface on day 0 and day 365. The results showed that addition of PKSA waste decreased the compressive strength but increased the water absorption capacity without a significant effect on the thickness of the paving blocks. Observation after 365 days showed insignificant decreases of compressive strength and thickness, whereas the water absorption capacity increased slightly. Small cracks and more voids in the surface, and more brittleness were observed. To summarize, composites of LLDPE and PSKA as filler have physical-mechanical properties that can be used for road pavement blocks.
{"title":"The Effect of Linear Low-Density Polyethylene and Palm Kernel Shell Ash Mixture on the Physical, Mechanical and Degradation Properties of Paving Blocks","authors":"C. Nurhayati, Nesi Susilawati, T. Susanto, Winda Marthalia, Aditya Krisna Nugroho, Ahmad Paisan Pane","doi":"10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.3.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.3.7","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this research was to evaluate the physical-mechanical parameters of paving stones obtained on the basis of the mixture of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) and palm kernel shell ash (PKSA) waste. The ratio of LLDPE to PKSA waste (% weight) was varied in five treatments: A0 (100:0), A1 (97.5:2.5), A2 (95:5), A3 (92.5:7.5), A4 (90:10) and A5 (87.5:12.5). The physical appearance, thickness, compressive strength, water absorption, and morphological characteristics of the paving blocks were observed. The blocks were observed at ambient temperature, exposed to sunlight, and placed on the ground surface on day 0 and day 365. The results showed that addition of PKSA waste decreased the compressive strength but increased the water absorption capacity without a significant effect on the thickness of the paving blocks. Observation after 365 days showed insignificant decreases of compressive strength and thickness, whereas the water absorption capacity increased slightly. Small cracks and more voids in the surface, and more brittleness were observed. To summarize, composites of LLDPE and PSKA as filler have physical-mechanical properties that can be used for road pavement blocks.","PeriodicalId":15689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47140568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-30DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.3.8
A. Hmamou, M. El Ghzaoui, J. Foshi, J. Mestoui
In this study, we mainly focused on a theoretical analysis of HomePlug 1.0 and an experimental analysis of modem data rates through a section of a PLC network with several configurations. We introduce the utilization of the MIMO technique to increase the throughput over a PLC channel. Besides, we propose a MIMO PLC channel model to evaluate the channel transfer function of MIMO PLC. We used an equivalent per-unit-length model of the indoor power line network to characterize the three-conductor cable. Based on this mathematical model, we analyzed the throughput of the PLC network with different household appliances. The equivalent circuit of each appliance is also given. The simulation results showed that the throughput is influenced by household appliances connected to the sockets of a MIMO PLC network. Moreover, we also compared the throughput between single and multi-antenna systems. Based on the simulation results, we found that the data rate increased with frequency. In addition, the performance of the MIMO PLC system was almost 90% higher than that of a SISO PLC system in terms of channel capacity.
{"title":"Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of Throughput of MIMO PLC Network","authors":"A. Hmamou, M. El Ghzaoui, J. Foshi, J. Mestoui","doi":"10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.3.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.3.8","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we mainly focused on a theoretical analysis of HomePlug 1.0 and an experimental analysis of modem data rates through a section of a PLC network with several configurations. We introduce the utilization of the MIMO technique to increase the throughput over a PLC channel. Besides, we propose a MIMO PLC channel model to evaluate the channel transfer function of MIMO PLC. We used an equivalent per-unit-length model of the indoor power line network to characterize the three-conductor cable. Based on this mathematical model, we analyzed the throughput of the PLC network with different household appliances. The equivalent circuit of each appliance is also given. The simulation results showed that the throughput is influenced by household appliances connected to the sockets of a MIMO PLC network. Moreover, we also compared the throughput between single and multi-antenna systems. Based on the simulation results, we found that the data rate increased with frequency. In addition, the performance of the MIMO PLC system was almost 90% higher than that of a SISO PLC system in terms of channel capacity.","PeriodicalId":15689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49286001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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