Pub Date : 2022-07-18DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.4.13
Darmawati Darmawati, A. Z. Mustopa, B. Budiarto, S. Rahmawati, F. Izzati, R. Harmoko, E. Saepudin, A. Mahsunah
Antibiotics are chemical or biological substances that have the ability to kill pathogens selectively. Currently, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is used routinely in the detection of antibiotics. However, the cost of analysis and running time are bottlenecks for HPLC to be used for routine tests to detect antibiotics. Alternative methods need to be developed to overcome this issue. In this study, the development of a penicillin G specific biosensor by using a DNA aptamer and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was done. Optimal aptasensor conditions were achieved with the concentrations of NaCl and aptamer at 0.25 M and 2 μM, respectively. An aptasensor of this type showed LOD for penicillin G at 3 mg/L and was able to detect penicillin G in the range of 3 to 27 mg/L. The established aptasensor showed specific sensitivity toward penicillin G after testing with several antibiotics, i.e., ampicillin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, and erythromycin. The aptasensor could detect the presence of penicillin G from culture medium of wild-type, ultraviolet irradiation mutant, gamma irradiation mutant, and ultraviolet irradiation and gamma irradiation mutant strains of P. chrysogenum, at detection concentrations of 9.75 ± 0.004; 25.25 ± 0.005; 37.5 ± 0.005; and 45 ± 0.004 mg/L, respectively.
{"title":"Development of Gold Nanoparticle (AuNP)-based Colorimetric Aptasensor for Penicillin G Detection","authors":"Darmawati Darmawati, A. Z. Mustopa, B. Budiarto, S. Rahmawati, F. Izzati, R. Harmoko, E. Saepudin, A. Mahsunah","doi":"10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.4.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.4.13","url":null,"abstract":"Antibiotics are chemical or biological substances that have the ability to kill pathogens selectively. Currently, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is used routinely in the detection of antibiotics. However, the cost of analysis and running time are bottlenecks for HPLC to be used for routine tests to detect antibiotics. Alternative methods need to be developed to overcome this issue. In this study, the development of a penicillin G specific biosensor by using a DNA aptamer and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was done. Optimal aptasensor conditions were achieved with the concentrations of NaCl and aptamer at 0.25 M and 2 μM, respectively. An aptasensor of this type showed LOD for penicillin G at 3 mg/L and was able to detect penicillin G in the range of 3 to 27 mg/L. The established aptasensor showed specific sensitivity toward penicillin G after testing with several antibiotics, i.e., ampicillin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, and erythromycin. The aptasensor could detect the presence of penicillin G from culture medium of wild-type, ultraviolet irradiation mutant, gamma irradiation mutant, and ultraviolet irradiation and gamma irradiation mutant strains of P. chrysogenum, at detection concentrations of 9.75 ± 0.004; 25.25 ± 0.005; 37.5 ± 0.005; and 45 ± 0.004 mg/L, respectively.","PeriodicalId":15689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46716768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-18DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.4.9
Nur Syafiqah Nadiah Mohd Alias, F. Arith, A. N. Mustafa, MohdMuzafar Ismail, Nur Fatihah Azmi, M. S. Saidon
Perovskite solar cells have shown remarkable performance and improvements in terms of solar cell efficiency. The ETL material is one of the important components in perovskite solar cells in conducting electrons to produce current. Here, ZnO was used as ETL material in a perovskite solar cell using the SCAPS 1D simulation software. The ZnO ETL showed poor cell efficiency due to its reaction with the perovskite material. A small amount of Al doped into ZnO was introduced to enhance the physiochemical properties of the ZnO against perovskite materials. Al concentrations were varied between 1 and 4 mol% to observe the effect on cell efficiency. Compared with a conventional ZnO ETL solar cell with 0 mol% Al perovskite, the Al-doped based solar cell showed better performance. Meanwhile, perovskite solar cells with 1 mol% Al-doping and appropriate layer thickness showed the best cell performance in improving the charge transport mechanism, resulting in increased cell efficiency. Thus, the parameters studied can be a guide in the fabrication process.
{"title":"Impact of Al on ZnO Electron Transport Layer in Perovskite Solar Cells","authors":"Nur Syafiqah Nadiah Mohd Alias, F. Arith, A. N. Mustafa, MohdMuzafar Ismail, Nur Fatihah Azmi, M. S. Saidon","doi":"10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.4.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.4.9","url":null,"abstract":"Perovskite solar cells have shown remarkable performance and improvements in terms of solar cell efficiency. The ETL material is one of the important components in perovskite solar cells in conducting electrons to produce current. Here, ZnO was used as ETL material in a perovskite solar cell using the SCAPS 1D simulation software. The ZnO ETL showed poor cell efficiency due to its reaction with the perovskite material. A small amount of Al doped into ZnO was introduced to enhance the physiochemical properties of the ZnO against perovskite materials. Al concentrations were varied between 1 and 4 mol% to observe the effect on cell efficiency. Compared with a conventional ZnO ETL solar cell with 0 mol% Al perovskite, the Al-doped based solar cell showed better performance. Meanwhile, perovskite solar cells with 1 mol% Al-doping and appropriate layer thickness showed the best cell performance in improving the charge transport mechanism, resulting in increased cell efficiency. Thus, the parameters studied can be a guide in the fabrication process.","PeriodicalId":15689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44765440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-18DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.4.14
H. D. Ariesyady, Indah Yusliga Sari Purba
Artisanal small scale gold mining (ASGM) practices typically use mercury for amalgamation. Near water environments this can degrade water quality and aquatic biota, including algae. Changes in algal communities can reflect water environment disturbance. The aim of this study was to determine if algae can be used as bioindicator of river water quality impacted by ASGM activities. The research was conducted from July to October 2018 at thirty sampling sites along rivers near ASGM areas in several regencies of Indonesia. Composite samples of water and sediment were collected. A plankton net and brushing methods were used to collect planktonic and benthic algae, respectively. The physicochemical parameters of the water and the sediment as well as the dominant algae genera were analyzed statistically with principal component analysis. The results showed that the total mercury concentration in the water ranged from <0.04 to 20 µg.L-1, while in the sediment the maximum value was 13,500 µg.kg-1. The total mercury content in the sediment was negatively correlated with the dominant benthic Navicula at a significance level of p < 0.05. This means that a low density of benthic Navicula can be proposed as a bioindicator of water quality, indicating the increase of mercury pollution in sediment.
{"title":"The Determination of Algae Group as Bioindicator of Water Quality Change Affected by Mercury Release from Artisanal Small-Scale Gold Mining (ASGM)","authors":"H. D. Ariesyady, Indah Yusliga Sari Purba","doi":"10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.4.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.4.14","url":null,"abstract":"Artisanal small scale gold mining (ASGM) practices typically use mercury for amalgamation. Near water environments this can degrade water quality and aquatic biota, including algae. Changes in algal communities can reflect water environment disturbance. The aim of this study was to determine if algae can be used as bioindicator of river water quality impacted by ASGM activities. The research was conducted from July to October 2018 at thirty sampling sites along rivers near ASGM areas in several regencies of Indonesia. Composite samples of water and sediment were collected. A plankton net and brushing methods were used to collect planktonic and benthic algae, respectively. The physicochemical parameters of the water and the sediment as well as the dominant algae genera were analyzed statistically with principal component analysis. The results showed that the total mercury concentration in the water ranged from <0.04 to 20 µg.L-1, while in the sediment the maximum value was 13,500 µg.kg-1. The total mercury content in the sediment was negatively correlated with the dominant benthic Navicula at a significance level of p < 0.05. This means that a low density of benthic Navicula can be proposed as a bioindicator of water quality, indicating the increase of mercury pollution in sediment.","PeriodicalId":15689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49036146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-18DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.4.12
S. Sultana, Md. Khabir Uddin Sarker, Z. Islam, M. S. Islam
Waste poly(vinyl chloride) fill material from the cooling tower of a power plant was used for mechanical recycling. Mechanical recycling is the processing of plastic waste without changing the original chemical structure of the plastic. The waste rigid poly(vinyl chloride) fill material was cleaned, grinded and compression molded at optimized conditions of time, temperature and pressure using a compression molding machine. Virgin poly(vinyl chloride) was purchased and compression molded by the same compression molding machine. The compression molded sheets of waste poly(vinyl chloride) and virgin poly(vinyl chloride) were characterized by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared analyses, tensile properties analyses, and thermal properties analyses. The results revealed that waste rigid poly(vinyl chloride) fill material is mechanically recyclable into new products such as pipes, profiles, furniture and other related products.
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Compression Molded Products of Recycled Waste Poly(Vinyl Chloride) and Virgin Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Fill Material","authors":"S. Sultana, Md. Khabir Uddin Sarker, Z. Islam, M. S. Islam","doi":"10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.4.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.4.12","url":null,"abstract":"Waste poly(vinyl chloride) fill material from the cooling tower of a power plant was used for mechanical recycling. Mechanical recycling is the processing of plastic waste without changing the original chemical structure of the plastic. The waste rigid poly(vinyl chloride) fill material was cleaned, grinded and compression molded at optimized conditions of time, temperature and pressure using a compression molding machine. Virgin poly(vinyl chloride) was purchased and compression molded by the same compression molding machine. The compression molded sheets of waste poly(vinyl chloride) and virgin poly(vinyl chloride) were characterized by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared analyses, tensile properties analyses, and thermal properties analyses. The results revealed that waste rigid poly(vinyl chloride) fill material is mechanically recyclable into new products such as pipes, profiles, furniture and other related products.","PeriodicalId":15689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41264310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-18DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.4.11
Herwani Herwani, I. Imran, B. Budiono, Ediansjah Zulkifli
Geopolymer concrete is an environmentally friendly construction material that has the potential to be applied in building structures. It is important to understand the structural behavior of geopolymer concrete. This paper presents an experimental investigation into the performance of structural elements of geopolymer concrete under concentric axial loads. The specimens were twelve square columns with a size of 170 x 170 mm and a height of 480 mm. The study variables were the tie spacing and the compressive strength of unconfined geopolymer concrete (f’c). The test results showed that the increase in f'cc was not as significant as the increase in unconfined concrete compressive strength (f'c). The value of strength enhancement (K) tended to decrease. The column ductility (m) and confinement effectiveness index (Ic) had optimum values. The effect of increasing the tie spacing (s) decreased the K, Ic, and m values of the column. The proposed f’cc formulation for geopolymer concrete is compatible.
地质聚合物混凝土是一种环境友好的建筑材料，具有应用于建筑结构的潜力。了解地质聚合物混凝土的结构行为非常重要。本文对地质聚合物混凝土结构构件在同心轴向荷载作用下的性能进行了试验研究。试样为12根尺寸为170 x 170 mm、高度为480 mm的方柱。研究变量为无侧限地质聚合物混凝土的连接间距和抗压强度。试验结果表明，f’cc的增加不如无侧限混凝土抗压强度的增加显著。强度增强值（K）呈下降趋势。柱的延性（m）和约束有效性指数（Ic）具有最佳值。增加连接间距的影响降低了柱的K、Ic和m值。所提出的用于地质聚合物混凝土的f'cc配方是相容的。
{"title":"Strength Enhancement, Ductility, and Confinement Effectiveness Index of Fly Ash-based Geopolymer Concrete Square Columns","authors":"Herwani Herwani, I. Imran, B. Budiono, Ediansjah Zulkifli","doi":"10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.4.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.4.11","url":null,"abstract":"Geopolymer concrete is an environmentally friendly construction material that has the potential to be applied in building structures. It is important to understand the structural behavior of geopolymer concrete. This paper presents an experimental investigation into the performance of structural elements of geopolymer concrete under concentric axial loads. The specimens were twelve square columns with a size of 170 x 170 mm and a height of 480 mm. The study variables were the tie spacing and the compressive strength of unconfined geopolymer concrete (f’c). The test results showed that the increase in f'cc was not as significant as the increase in unconfined concrete compressive strength (f'c). The value of strength enhancement (K) tended to decrease. The column ductility (m) and confinement effectiveness index (Ic) had optimum values. The effect of increasing the tie spacing (s) decreased the K, Ic, and m values of the column. The proposed f’cc formulation for geopolymer concrete is compatible.","PeriodicalId":15689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42974315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-18DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.4.7
Y. Irmawati, Shofia Manzalini, B. Sugeng, S. Sudirman, Harayasu Asahara, R. Yudianti
Decoration of a functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube (f-MWCNT) surface with titanium dioxide (TiO2) was designed to improve its photocatalytic degradation performance. Structural decoration was achieved by microwave heating at various mass ratios (1:2; 1:4; 1:8; 1:16 wt.%) of titanium (IV) isopropoxide as precursor. The hybrid structure of TiO2/f-MWCNT was characterized by scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The crystallite form of the TiO2 nanoparticles was further studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and HR–TEM. We report the conformation of high-density TiO2 coated on an f-MWCNT surface at a mass ratio of 1:16 wt.%. XRD analysis revealed a structural transformation from mixture phase (anatase–brookite) at mass ratios of 1:2 and 1:4 wt.% to fully anatase phase for mass ratios of 1:8 and 1:16 wt.%. The transformation was also confirmed by selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and HR–TEM analysis. Our results showed that anatase phase plays a significant role in photodegradation activity.
{"title":"Microwave-assisted Synthesis of Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube–Titanium Dioxide Hybrid Structure and Photodegradation","authors":"Y. Irmawati, Shofia Manzalini, B. Sugeng, S. Sudirman, Harayasu Asahara, R. Yudianti","doi":"10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.4.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.4.7","url":null,"abstract":"Decoration of a functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube (f-MWCNT) surface with titanium dioxide (TiO2) was designed to improve its photocatalytic degradation performance. Structural decoration was achieved by microwave heating at various mass ratios (1:2; 1:4; 1:8; 1:16 wt.%) of titanium (IV) isopropoxide as precursor. The hybrid structure of TiO2/f-MWCNT was characterized by scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The crystallite form of the TiO2 nanoparticles was further studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and HR–TEM. We report the conformation of high-density TiO2 coated on an f-MWCNT surface at a mass ratio of 1:16 wt.%. XRD analysis revealed a structural transformation from mixture phase (anatase–brookite) at mass ratios of 1:2 and 1:4 wt.% to fully anatase phase for mass ratios of 1:8 and 1:16 wt.%. The transformation was also confirmed by selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and HR–TEM analysis. Our results showed that anatase phase plays a significant role in photodegradation activity.","PeriodicalId":15689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48394237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-18DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.4.10
Harman Ajiwibowo, M. B. Pratama
An inland waterway will be constructed in an existing channel in West Java, Indonesia. The change of salinity in a river due to capital dredging is investigated using a finite element modeling system. The location of the research is the Cikarang Bekasi Laut (CBL) channel, Bekasi Regency, West Java, Indonesia. The aim of this study is to simulate salinity propagation in the CBL before and after capital dredging. Salinity modeling is carried out using the Surface-water Modeling System (SMS). Field surveys of the topography, bathymetry, currents and water level are conducted for the model. The model results are validated with the current and water level field measurements. The field and model results agree well. The current and salinity results show that the trends are correlated with river discharges. After the capital dredging, the salinity in the CBL increases. Mitigation is carried out by constructing a check dam, which can reduce the average salinity in the upstream region by up to 0.05 ppt during the wet season and up to 0.12 ppt during the dry season.
{"title":"Modeling Salinity Propagation in Cikarang Bekasi Laut Channel, Bekasi Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia","authors":"Harman Ajiwibowo, M. B. Pratama","doi":"10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.4.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.4.10","url":null,"abstract":"An inland waterway will be constructed in an existing channel in West Java, Indonesia. The change of salinity in a river due to capital dredging is investigated using a finite element modeling system. The location of the research is the Cikarang Bekasi Laut (CBL) channel, Bekasi Regency, West Java, Indonesia. The aim of this study is to simulate salinity propagation in the CBL before and after capital dredging. Salinity modeling is carried out using the Surface-water Modeling System (SMS). Field surveys of the topography, bathymetry, currents and water level are conducted for the model. The model results are validated with the current and water level field measurements. The field and model results agree well. The current and salinity results show that the trends are correlated with river discharges. After the capital dredging, the salinity in the CBL increases. Mitigation is carried out by constructing a check dam, which can reduce the average salinity in the upstream region by up to 0.05 ppt during the wet season and up to 0.12 ppt during the dry season.","PeriodicalId":15689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44473949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-18DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.4.4
G. Aziz, Manal Hadi Jaber, Mohammed Qasim Sulttan, S. W. Shneen
Internet networks are becoming more crowded every day due to the rapid development of modern life, which causes an increase in the demand for data circulating on the Internet. This creates several problems, such as buffer overflow of intermediate routers, and packet loss and time delay in packet delivery. The solution to these problems is to use a TCP/AQM system. The simulation results showed that there were differences in performance between the different controllers used. The proposed methods were simulated along with the required conditions in nonlinear systems to determine the best performance. It was found that the use of optimization Department of Electro-mechanical Engineering, University of Technology - Iraq tools (GA, FL) with a controller could achieve the best performance. The simulation results demonstrated the ability of the proposed methods to control the behavior of the system. The controller systems were simulated using Matlab/Simulink. The simulation results showed that the performance was better with the use of GA-PIDC compared to both FL-PIDC and PIDC in terms of stability time, height, and overrun ratio for a network with a variable queue that was targeted for comparison. The results were: the bypass ratio was 0, 3.3 and 21.8 the settling time was 0.002, 0.055, and 0.135; and the rise time was 0.001, 0.004 and 0.008 for GA-PIDC, FL-PIDC and PIDC, respectively. These results made it possible to compare the three control techniques.
{"title":"Simulation Model of Enhancing Performance of TCP/AQM Networks by Using Matlab","authors":"G. Aziz, Manal Hadi Jaber, Mohammed Qasim Sulttan, S. W. Shneen","doi":"10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.4.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.4.4","url":null,"abstract":"Internet networks are becoming more crowded every day due to the rapid development of modern life, which causes an increase in the demand for data circulating on the Internet. This creates several problems, such as buffer overflow of intermediate routers, and packet loss and time delay in packet delivery. The solution to these problems is to use a TCP/AQM system. The simulation results showed that there were differences in performance between the different controllers used. The proposed methods were simulated along with the required conditions in nonlinear systems to determine the best performance. It was found that the use of optimization Department of Electro-mechanical Engineering, University of Technology - Iraq tools (GA, FL) with a controller could achieve the best performance. The simulation results demonstrated the ability of the proposed methods to control the behavior of the system. The controller systems were simulated using Matlab/Simulink. The simulation results showed that the performance was better with the use of GA-PIDC compared to both FL-PIDC and PIDC in terms of stability time, height, and overrun ratio for a network with a variable queue that was targeted for comparison. The results were: the bypass ratio was 0, 3.3 and 21.8 the settling time was 0.002, 0.055, and 0.135; and the rise time was 0.001, 0.004 and 0.008 for GA-PIDC, FL-PIDC and PIDC, respectively. These results made it possible to compare the three control techniques.","PeriodicalId":15689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42008621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-18DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.4.6
M. Iqbal, B. R. Juliarka
Geothermal manifestations in Parangtritis, Indonesia, known as Parang Wedang Hot Spring, indicate a geothermal system in the subsurface. This circumstance motivated our research to model the Parang Wedang geothermal system in order to determine its subsurface conditions. Geological mapping, the geophysical method, and geochemical analysis were integrated to produce a conceptual model of the Parang Wedang geothermal system. The study area consists of structural hills, karst hills, and eolian plains with andesite breccias, limestone, andesite, and sand deposits as lithological variations. The results of magnetic modeling indicate that the research area is associated with the presence of an andesite intrusion and shows a NE-SW trending geological structure that is thought to be a path for hydrothermal fluid to the surface. Geochemical analysis was performed at two hot springs with temperatures of 47 °C and 49 °C. Geothermometer calculation showed that the geothermal reservoir in Parang Wedang has a temperature of 100 to 120 °C, a depth of about 180 to 285 m, and can be classified as a low enthalpy geothermal system.
{"title":"Geothermal System in Parang Wedang, Yogyakarta, Indonesia","authors":"M. Iqbal, B. R. Juliarka","doi":"10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.4.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.4.6","url":null,"abstract":"Geothermal manifestations in Parangtritis, Indonesia, known as Parang Wedang Hot Spring, indicate a geothermal system in the subsurface. This circumstance motivated our research to model the Parang Wedang geothermal system in order to determine its subsurface conditions. Geological mapping, the geophysical method, and geochemical analysis were integrated to produce a conceptual model of the Parang Wedang geothermal system. The study area consists of structural hills, karst hills, and eolian plains with andesite breccias, limestone, andesite, and sand deposits as lithological variations. The results of magnetic modeling indicate that the research area is associated with the presence of an andesite intrusion and shows a NE-SW trending geological structure that is thought to be a path for hydrothermal fluid to the surface. Geochemical analysis was performed at two hot springs with temperatures of 47 °C and 49 °C. Geothermometer calculation showed that the geothermal reservoir in Parang Wedang has a temperature of 100 to 120 °C, a depth of about 180 to 285 m, and can be classified as a low enthalpy geothermal system.","PeriodicalId":15689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46175204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-18DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2022.54.4.8
Arya Dipajaya, Kemal I. Ahmad, M. A. Kariem
This study focused on the design of a specimen fixture which can be installed on the end of a conventional transmission bar so that shear testing (punch and double-notch) can be conducted with any conventional split-Hopkinson apparatus. The research was conducted by using the finite element method in Abaqus/CAE with 6061-T651 Aluminum as the specimen material. The research successfully determined the effect of the fixture’s geometry and dimensions on the split-Hopkinson shear bar testing results. The optimum double-notch fixture provides great accuracy, having only a shear stress value difference of 1.49% with the original setup, while attaining force equilibrium after only 70 μs. The punch fixture, however, could only reach force equilibrium after 100 μs, thus providing too few observable data. Future work on the punch fixture is needed.
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