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Purification and characterization of exo-1,4-β-glucosidase from Acetobacter xylinum BPR2001 木醋杆菌BPR2001外链1,4-β-葡萄糖苷酶的纯化及特性研究
Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0922-338X(98)80010-X
Naoki Tahara, Naoto Tonouchi, Hisato Yano, Fumihiro Yoshinaga

An exo-1,4-β-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.74; G3ase) was obtained from the supernatant of cultured Acetobacter xylinum subsp. sucrofermentans BPR2001 and purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate precipitation, cation-exchange, gel-filtration and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The enzyme migrated to a position corresponding to 81.2 kDa on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under both non-reducing and reducing conditions, suggesting that this enzyme is a monomer polypeptide. The isoelectric point was 6.0. N-Bromosuccinimide inhibited the activity of exo-1,4-β-glucosidase completely, whereas sulfhydryl reagents did not. The Km and Vmax for the hydrolysis of cellotriose as substrate were 3.7 mM and 7.4 μmol/min/mg, respectively. The enzyme specifically cleaved the non-reducing ends of β-glucosyl linkages of cellotriose or larger cello-oligosaccharides, 4-methylumberiferryl- and p-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucosides, but cellobiose was hydrolyzed only slightly and salicin not at all. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of glucosidic linkages in such a manner that the product retains the anomeric configuration of the substrate.

外显子1,4-β-葡萄糖苷酶(EC 3.2.1.74;从培养的木醋杆菌上清液中获得G3ase)。并通过硫酸铵沉淀、阳离子交换、凝胶过滤和疏水相互作用色谱等方法纯化得到均匀性的sucrofermentans BPR2001。在非还原和还原条件下,该酶在sds -聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳上迁移到81.2 kDa的位置,表明该酶为单体多肽。等电点为6.0。n -溴代琥珀酰亚胺能完全抑制外显子1,4-β-葡萄糖苷酶的活性,而巯基试剂则不能。纤维素三糖作为底物水解的Km和Vmax分别为3.7 mM和7.4 μmol/min/mg。该酶特异性地裂解纤维素三糖或更大的纤维素低聚糖、4-甲基umberiferryl-和对硝基苯-β-d-糖苷的β-葡萄糖基键的非还原端,但纤维素二糖仅被轻微水解,水杨苷则完全没有水解。该酶以这种方式催化糖苷键的水解,使产物保持底物的端粒结构。
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引用次数: 18
Synthesis of the four possible stereoisomers of 21-methyl-8-pentatriacontene, the female contact sex pheromone of the yellow-spotted longicorn beetle, Psacothea hilaris 黄斑天牛雌性接触性信息素21-甲基-8-五三康内烯四种可能立体异构体的合成
Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0922-338X(97)80366-2
Eiichiro Fukusaki , Shiro Satoda , Hiroyuki Yuasa , Shuji Senda , Tetsuo Omata , Midori Fukaya , Sadao Wakamura

The synthesis of the four possible stereoisomers of 21-methyl-8-pentatriacontene, the (R)- and (S)-enantiomers of both (Z)- and (E)-geometrical isomers, was achieved by starting from the enantiomers of 3-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate, 1-nonyne and 1,10-decandiol to evaluate the response of the male yellow-spotted longicorn beetle, Psacothea hilaris.

从3-羟基-2-甲基丙酸、1-壬炔和1,10-癸二醇的对映体入手,合成了21-甲基-8-五三康内烯的4种可能的立体异构体,即(Z)-和(E)-几何异构体的(R)-和(S)-对映体,以评价雄性黄斑天牛Psacothea hilaris的反应。
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引用次数: 6
Interaction between homoacetogens and methanogens in lake sediments 湖泊沉积物中同质产氧菌与产甲烷菌的相互作用
Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0922-338X(98)80153-0
Jiunn-Jyi Lay , Yu-You Li , Tatsuya Noike

The interaction between homoacetogens and methanogens in lake sediments was investigated using hydrogen consumption as an indicator. Sediments samples were obtained from Lake Izunuma, Miyagi prefecture, Japan, a wintering place for migratory birds from Siberia. A batch experiment using H2CO2 as a substrate was conducted to determine the acetate generation and methane production potential of the sediments. Incubation for 4 d at 37°C gave the following stoichiometric equation: 88H2 + 39HCO3 + 22H+ → 17CH3COO + 5CH4 + 83H2O. The activities, νm, of hydrogen-utilizing homoacetogens and methanogens respectively ranged from 3.2 to 48 and from 1.8 to 3.2 mgCOD·gVSS−1·h−1. The population of hydrogen-utilizing homoacetogens was determined to be 2.6 × 108 MPN·gVSS−1, which was approximately two orders of magnitude higher than that of hydrogen-utilizing methanogens. The results suggest that homoacetogens in the sediments functioned not only as hydrogen consumers but also as major degraders of organic matter, forming acetate as the major reduction product.

以耗氢量为指标,研究了湖泊沉积物中同质产氧菌和产甲烷菌的相互作用。沉积物样本取自日本宫城县的出云沼湖,该湖是西伯利亚候鸟的越冬地。以H2CO2为底物进行了批量实验,以确定沉积物的醋酸生成和甲烷生成潜力。在37℃条件下孵育4 d,得到的化学计量方程为:88H2 + 39HCO3−+ 22H+→17CH3COO−+ 5CH4 + 83H2O。利用氢的均质产氢菌和产甲烷菌的活性νm分别在3.2 ~ 48和1.8 ~ 3.2 mgCOD·gVSS−1·h−1之间。利用氢的同质产氢菌的数量为2.6 × 108 MPN·gVSS−1,比利用氢的产甲烷菌的数量约高2个数量级。结果表明,沉积物中的同质醋酸菌不仅是氢的消耗者,而且是有机物的主要降解者,形成醋酸盐作为主要的还原产物。
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引用次数: 44
Purification and comparison of phosphoglycerate kinases from nitrifying bacteria 硝化细菌中磷酸甘油酸激酶的纯化与比较
Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0922-338X(99)89002-3
Y. Mizuno, M. Ohshima, Ya-Feng Yao, R. Shibasaki, R. Takahashi, T. Tokuyama
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引用次数: 8
High cell density culture of Rhodococcus rhodochrous by pH-stat feeding and dibenzothiophene degradation ph -稳态饲养和二苯并噻吩降解法培养红红红球菌
Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0922-338X(97)85685-1
Hiroyuki Honda, Hiroyasu Sugiyama, Ikuo Saito, Takeshi Kobayashi

A high cell density culture of Rhodococcus rhodochrous IGTS8 was investigated. Acetic acid was one of the most suitable carbon sources for cell growth and sulfate ion was more suitable than dibenzothiophene (DBT) as a sulfur source. Fed-batch culture was conducted in a 1-l jar fermentor with FB medium containing acetic acid and sulfate ion as carbon and sulfur sources. Cell growth was found to be inhibited when the concentrations of acetic acid and ammonium ion were above 3 g/l. To control the concentrations of the two components below 3 g/l, a mixture of acetic acid and ammonium acetate was supplied by means of pH-stat feeding. As a result, a cell concentration of 33 g dry cells/l was obtained after 28-h cultivation. When the cells obtained were incubated in a fresh medium containing DBT as a substrate, hydroxybiphenyl (HBP), which is the end-product of the DBT degradation pathway, was detected and its production rate gradually increased with incubation time. Incubation for 3 to 4 h was enough for the full induction of DBT-degrading enzymes, and the specific production rate of HBP was about 6.1 mmol/kg dry cells/h. A two-phase cultivation (cell growth phase and induction phase) is proposed in order to obtain a high cell density and full induction of DBT-degrading enzymes.

研究了红红红球菌IGTS8的高密度培养。乙酸是最适合细胞生长的碳源之一,硫酸根离子比二苯并噻吩(DBT)更适合作为硫源。以含有乙酸和硫酸盐离子的FB培养基为碳源和硫源,在1l罐发酵罐中进行补料分批培养。当乙酸和铵离子浓度大于3 g/l时,细胞生长受到抑制。为了控制两种组分的浓度低于3 g/l,采用pH-stat进料的方式提供乙酸和乙酸铵的混合物。结果表明,培养28 h后,细胞浓度为33 g dry cells/l。当获得的细胞在含有DBT作为底物的新鲜培养基中孵育时,检测到DBT降解途径的最终产物羟基联苯(hydroxybiphenyl, HBP),其产率随着孵育时间的增加而逐渐增加。培养3 ~ 4 h足以充分诱导dbt降解酶,HBP的比产率约为6.1 mmol/kg干细胞/h。为了获得高细胞密度和充分诱导dbt降解酶,提出了两期培养(细胞生长期和诱导期)。
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引用次数: 64
Modification of metabolic pathways of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by the expression of lactate dehydrogenase and deletion of pyruvate decarboxylase genes for the lactic acid fermentation at low pH value 低pH条件下乳酸发酵乳酸脱氢酶基因的表达和丙酮酸脱羧酶基因的缺失对酿酒酵母代谢途径的修饰
Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0922-338X(98)80131-1
Eri Adachi, Mikiko Torigoe, Minetaka Sugiyama, Jun-Ichi Nikawa, Kazuyuki Shimizu

Extractive lactic acid fermentation has recently been paid a great deal of attention. The problem with such a process is, however, that only undissociated lactate can be extracted. Therefore, lactic acid fermentation at low pH values is desirable. In the present study, we modified the metabolism of yeast (not lactic acid producing bacteria often cultivated at pH of 6–7) by expressing the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) gene for the production of lactate at low pH values. For this purpose, the plasmid pADNS which contains the ADH1 promoter was used as a host vector, and a heterologous gene region, cDNA-LDH-A (encoding bovine lactate dehydrogenase) digested from plasmid pLDH12 was digested and ligated into the aforementioned two host vectors. The resultant plasmids were then transformed into Saccharomyces cerevisiae DS37. Using this recombinant S. cerevisiae strain, several batch and fed-batch fermentations at aerobic, microaerobic, and anaerobic conditions were conducted at several pH values (4.5-3.5). Since the recombinant S. cerevisiae produced a considerable amount of ethanol as well as lactate (about 10 g/l), we disrupted several pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) genes to suppress the ethanol formation. Among the PDC genes, PDC1, PDC5 and PDC6, PDC1 had the greatest effect on the cell growth and ethanol production. The plasmid which containing the LDH-A structure gene was then transformed into the mutant strain lacking the PDC1 gene. Cultivation of this strain improved the lactate yield from glucose (from 0.155 to 0.20) while suppressing ethanol formation (from 0.35 to 0.20).

近年来,提取乳酸发酵受到了广泛的关注。然而,这种工艺的问题是,只能提取未解离的乳酸。因此,乳酸发酵在低pH值是可取的。在本研究中,我们通过表达乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)基因来修饰酵母(不是通常在pH 6-7培养的产乳酸菌)在低pH下生产乳酸的代谢。为此,使用含有ADH1启动子的质粒pADNS作为宿主载体,将从质粒pLDH12中酶切的异源基因区cDNA-LDH-A(编码牛乳酸脱氢酶)酶切并连接到上述两个宿主载体上。然后将合成的质粒转化为酿酒酵母DS37。利用该重组酿酒酵母菌株,在不同的pH值(4.5-3.5)下,在好氧、微氧和厌氧条件下进行了分批和补料分批发酵。由于重组酿酒酵母产生相当数量的乙醇和乳酸(约10 g/l),我们破坏了几个丙酮酸脱羧酶(PDC)基因来抑制乙醇的形成。在PDC基因中,PDC1、PDC5和PDC6对细胞生长和乙醇产量的影响最大。然后将含有LDH-A结构基因的质粒转化为缺乏PDC1基因的突变株。该菌株的培养提高了葡萄糖的乳酸产量(从0.155到0.20),同时抑制了乙醇的形成(从0.35到0.20)。
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引用次数: 106
Optimizing the culture conditions for higher inulinase production by Kluyveromyces sp. Y-85 and scaling-up fermentation 优化Kluyveromyces sp. Y-85高产菊粉酶的培养条件及扩大发酵规模
Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0922-338X(99)89011-4
Wenling Wei, Zhonghui Zheng, Yueying Liu, Xinsheng Zhu

The response surface method (RSM) was used to optimize the medium for the production of inulinase by Kluyveromyces sp. Y-85. The inulinase production was adequately approximated with a full quadratic equation obtained from a four-factor-five-level central composite design. Analyses of the quadratic surfaces showed that in a 24-h fermentation at 30°C, the maximum inulinase activity 59.5 U/ml appeared at extract of Jerusalem artichoke, urea, beef extract, corn steep liquor concentrations 8.0%, 2.0%, 0.2% and 4.0%, respectively. We further investigated the fermentation in 15 l fermentor and scaling-up in 1000 l tower fermentor. The inulinase activity in the scaling-up was 68.9 U/ml, which was the highest production reported at present, indicating that Kluyveromyces sp. Y-85 was an excellent strain for industrial production.

采用响应面法(RSM)对Kluyveromyces sp. Y-85产菊粉酶的培养基进行优化。菊粉酶的产量与四因子五水平中心复合设计的完整二次方程充分接近。二次曲面分析表明,在30℃条件下发酵24 h时,菊芋浸膏、尿素、牛肉浸膏、玉米浸泡液浓度分别为8.0%、2.0%、0.2%和4.0%时菊粉酶活性最高,为59.5 U/ml。我们进一步研究了在15l发酵罐发酵和在1000l塔式发酵罐放大。放大后的菊粉酶活性为68.9 U/ml,为目前报道的最高产量,表明Kluyveromyces sp. Y-85是一种很好的工业生产菌株。
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引用次数: 38
L(+)-Lactic Acid Production by Repeated Batch Culture of Rhizopus oryzae in Air-Lift Bioreactor 气升式生物反应器中米根霉重复间歇培养L(+)-乳酸的研究
Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0922-338X(97)80361-3
P. Yin, Kazutoyo Yahiro, Tooru Ishigaki, Y. Park, M. Okabe
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引用次数: 72
Synthesis of uridine 5′-monophosphate glucose as an inhibitor of UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase 尿苷5′-单磷酸葡萄糖作为udp -葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶抑制剂的合成
Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0922-338X(98)80052-4
Ken-Ichi Fujita, Teruhiko Tanigawa, Kiyotaka Machida, Toshio Tanaka, Makoto Taniguchi

Uridine 5′-monophosphate α-d-glucose (UMPG) was evaluated as a novel and potent inhibitor of the enzymatic reaction involved in sugar nucleotide metabolism. UMPG was synthesized by chemical coupling of 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-α-d-glucopyranosyl bromide with uridine 5′-monophosphate (UMP) to give uridine 5′-monophosphate 2″,3″,4″,6″-tetra-O-acetyl-α-d-glucose (UMPTAG), followed by deacetylation of UMPTAG with sodium methoxide. In addition to UMPG, UMPTAG showed potent inhibitory activity toward yeast UDPG pyrophosphorylase (UDPG synthetase). UMPG and UMPTAG were competitive with UDPG in the pyrophosphorolytic reaction, with inhibition constants (Ki) of 4.8 and 20.7 μM, respectively, but non-competitive with inorganic pyrophosphate. UMPG and UMPTAG also inhibited the enzyme non-competitively in the reverse reaction to synthesize UDPG from UTP and glucose 1-phosphate (G1P). The acetyl group of UMPTAG was thought to enhance its hydrophobic interaction, possibly with an active site region of the enzyme functional for binding with UDPG.

Uridine 5 ' - monophospate α-d-glucose (UMPG)是一种新型且有效的酶促反应抑制剂,可抑制糖核苷酸代谢。将2,3,4,6-四- o -乙酰基-α-d-葡萄糖吡喃基溴化剂与尿苷5 ' -单磷酸(UMP)化学偶联,得到尿苷5 ' -单磷酸2″,3″,4″,6″-四- o -乙酰基-α-d-葡萄糖(UMPTAG),然后用甲氧基钠将UMPTAG脱乙酰化,合成UMPG。除UMPG外,UMPTAG对酵母UDPG焦磷酸化酶(UDPG合成酶)也有较强的抑制活性。UMPG和UMPTAG对UDPG的抑制常数(Ki)分别为4.8 μM和20.7 μM,与无机焦磷酸盐无竞争关系。UMPG和UMPTAG在UTP和葡萄糖1-磷酸(G1P)合成UDPG的逆反应中也具有非竞争性抑制作用。UMPTAG的乙酰基被认为增强了其疏水相互作用,可能与酶的活性位点区域结合UDPG。
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引用次数: 3
Production and immobilization of lipase from Aeromonas sobria harboring a heterologous gene 含外源基因的温和气单胞菌脂肪酶的生产与固定化
Pub Date : 1998-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0922-338X(98)80140-2
Saovanee Dharmsthiti, Sudaporn Luchai

Aeromonas sobria LP004 harboring the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus lipase gene was designated as strain LP094. Lipase production of LP094 in WYGS medium [Lotrakul and Dharmsthiti, World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 13 : 163–166, 1997] was scaled up to a 50-l volume. LP094 lipase immobilized by ionic binding to either IR120 (Na+) or IRC50 (H+) Amberlite resins was found to retain more than 90% activity after 15 d storage at room temperature (≈ 25 to 30°C) or at 4°C. After 5 repeated lipid hydrolysis reactions, the activities of both immobilized preparations remained higher than 65%.

含钙酸不动杆菌脂肪酶基因的sobria气单胞菌LP004被命名为LP094。wwgs培养基中脂肪酶产酶的研究[j]。Biotechnol。[生物医学工程学报,13:163-166,1997]。通过离子结合将LP094脂肪酶固定在IR120 (Na+)或IRC50 (H+) Amberlite树脂上,在室温(≈25 ~ 30°C)或4°C下保存15 d后,发现其活性保持在90%以上。经过5次重复的脂质水解反应,两种固定化制剂的活性均保持在65%以上。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering
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