Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2161-0525.21.11.628
Ude Tochukwu, M. Chukwuemeka, D. Emmanuel, Chikezie Onyebuchi Desmond, Awalu Chimezie Joseph, bekailo Sylvester Nnaemeka
The effects of petroleum products and biomass fuel on serum lipid profile and atherogenic indices were investigated in male wistar rats. Fifty adult male wistar rats were randomly assigned to five groups of ten animals each. Rats in group A served as control (exposed to fresh air). Group B, C, D and E were exposed to inhalation of kerosene, gasoline, liquefied petroleum gas and biomass smoke (wood smoke) respectively. All the exposures were done using whole body exposure chambers 70cm x 60cm x 60cm measurement for six weeks. Five millilitres of fasting blood sample were collected at the end of six weeks and used for analysis of lipid profile using mindray BS 120. Atherogenic indices were calculated using the appropriate formula. Values were analysed statistically using SPSS version 23.0. The result shows significant increase in the serum total, LDL, VLDL cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations of test groups relative to control (p<0.05), while inducing a significant decrease in HDL cholesterol though the effect appear to be more pronounced with kerosene exposure. The exposure also led to significant increase in CRR, AC and AIP (p<0.05). These results suggest that petroleum products and biomass fuel exposure could potentiate the risk of atherosclerosis through elicitation of dyslipidaemia.
{"title":"Comparative Effect of Petroleum Products and Biomass Fuel Exposure on Serum Lipid profile and Atherogenic Indices of male Albino wistar Rats","authors":"Ude Tochukwu, M. Chukwuemeka, D. Emmanuel, Chikezie Onyebuchi Desmond, Awalu Chimezie Joseph, bekailo Sylvester Nnaemeka","doi":"10.37421/2161-0525.21.11.628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2161-0525.21.11.628","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of petroleum products and biomass fuel on serum lipid profile and atherogenic indices were investigated in male wistar rats. Fifty adult male wistar rats were randomly assigned to five groups of ten animals each. Rats in group A served as control (exposed to fresh air). Group B, C, D and E were exposed to inhalation of kerosene, gasoline, liquefied petroleum gas and biomass smoke (wood smoke) respectively. All the exposures were done using whole body exposure chambers 70cm x 60cm x 60cm measurement for six weeks. Five millilitres of fasting blood sample were collected at the end of six weeks and used for analysis of lipid profile using mindray BS 120. Atherogenic indices were calculated using the appropriate formula. Values were analysed statistically using SPSS version 23.0. The result shows significant increase in the serum total, LDL, VLDL cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations of test groups relative to control (p<0.05), while inducing a significant decrease in HDL cholesterol though the effect appear to be more pronounced with kerosene exposure. The exposure also led to significant increase in CRR, AC and AIP (p<0.05). These results suggest that petroleum products and biomass fuel exposure could potentiate the risk of atherosclerosis through elicitation of dyslipidaemia.","PeriodicalId":15742,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88577089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2161-0525.2021.S5.E001
E. Samuelson
{"title":"Editorial Highlights on Eco Toxicity and Nano Materials","authors":"E. Samuelson","doi":"10.37421/2161-0525.2021.S5.E001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2161-0525.2021.S5.E001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15742,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology","volume":"46 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84065927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2161-0525.21.11.627
S. Abdullah
Ozone (O3) is a stratospheric layer that assumes significant job in offering help to people for their endurance. It is a basic factor for some worldwide, natural and ecological wonders. The ultra-violet (UV) beams discharged from sun are caught by ozone and in this manner give a stable ontological structure in the biosphere. Different anthropogenic exercises, for example, emanations of CFCs, HCFCs and other organoincandescent lamp lead to the exhaustion of ozone. Ozone exhaustion is enabling the UV radiation to earth surface. The introduction to these radiations is seriously influencing all living things on earth, particularly the people. Perpetual or transitory visual deficiency, skin malignancy and insusceptibility concealment are the principle impacts of these radiations revealed by different scientists on people. The possibilities of ozone recuperation are as yet unfamiliar. The present circumstance of ozone portrayal requests dire healing measures to secure lives on this planet. Chlorofluorocarbons, halons and methyl bromide are largely critical ozone exhausting substances controlled under the Montreal Protocol. Satellite perception frameworks help to foresee future changes to the ozone layer. In view of understandings under the Montreal Protocol, the ozone layer is relied upon to recoup toward the center of the twenty first century. Research should be done to evaluate that how different alternatives of cooling agents (chlorofluorocarbons) tend to decrease the emission of chlorine.
{"title":"Ozone Layer Depletion and its Consequences on Humans:a Review","authors":"S. Abdullah","doi":"10.37421/2161-0525.21.11.627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2161-0525.21.11.627","url":null,"abstract":"Ozone (O3) is a stratospheric layer that assumes significant job in offering help to people for their endurance. It is a basic factor for some worldwide, natural and ecological wonders. The ultra-violet (UV) beams discharged from sun are caught by ozone and in this manner give a stable ontological structure in the biosphere. Different anthropogenic exercises, for example, emanations of CFCs, HCFCs and other organoincandescent lamp lead to the exhaustion of ozone. Ozone exhaustion is enabling the UV radiation to earth surface. The introduction to these radiations is seriously influencing all living things on earth, particularly the people. Perpetual or transitory visual deficiency, skin malignancy and insusceptibility concealment are the principle impacts of these radiations revealed by different scientists on people. The possibilities of ozone recuperation are as yet unfamiliar. The present circumstance of ozone portrayal requests dire healing measures to secure lives on this planet. Chlorofluorocarbons, halons and methyl bromide are largely critical ozone exhausting substances controlled under the Montreal Protocol. Satellite perception frameworks help to foresee future changes to the ozone layer. In view of understandings under the Montreal Protocol, the ozone layer is relied upon to recoup toward the center of the twenty first century. Research should be done to evaluate that how different alternatives of cooling agents (chlorofluorocarbons) tend to decrease the emission of chlorine.","PeriodicalId":15742,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology","volume":"46 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82335895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2161-0525.2021.S5.004
Bekele Gelagay, Sleshi Fente, A. Worku, Henok Birhanu
Physicochemical parameters; pH, Conductance (K), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Total Alkalinities (TA), Hardness, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Sulphate (SO42-), Chloride (Cl-), Fluoride (F-), Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) were analyzed using standard analytical techniques. The mean values of physicochemical parameters in the town, higher values from the two districts are: pH (8.72 ± 0.15), Conductivity (362 μs ± 7.2 μs), Hardness (514 ppm ± 50.3 ppm as CaCO3), DO (5.2 ppm ± 0.35 ppm), TDS (1566 ppm ± 58 ppm), COD (531 ppm ± 8.1 ppm), SO4 3- (3.75 ppm ± 0.35 ppm), Cl- (162.1 ppm ± 2.0 ppm), F- (0.025 ppm ± 0.004 ppm), TA (30.0 ppm ± 1.2 ppm), Pb (0.130 ppm ± 0.010 ppm), Cd (0.0078 ppm ± 0.00035 ppm). The pH, Hardness, TDS, Pb and Cd higher values of the water samples analyzed in two districts of this study are not within the acceptable limits set by WHO for safe drinking water. However the maximum values of SO42-, Cl-, F-, TA, conductivity, analyzed in the two districts are within the maximum permissible level set by the WHO (World Health Organization) for safe drinking water.
{"title":"Analysis of Physicochemical Parameters of Drinking Water in Samunaber and Piazza district, Gondar Town","authors":"Bekele Gelagay, Sleshi Fente, A. Worku, Henok Birhanu","doi":"10.37421/2161-0525.2021.S5.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2161-0525.2021.S5.004","url":null,"abstract":"Physicochemical parameters; pH, Conductance (K), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Total Alkalinities (TA), Hardness, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Sulphate (SO42-), Chloride (Cl-), Fluoride (F-), Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) were analyzed using standard analytical techniques. The mean values of physicochemical parameters in the town, higher values from the two districts are: pH (8.72 ± 0.15), Conductivity (362 μs ± 7.2 μs), Hardness (514 ppm ± 50.3 ppm as CaCO3), DO (5.2 ppm ± 0.35 ppm), TDS (1566 ppm ± 58 ppm), COD (531 ppm ± 8.1 ppm), SO4 3- (3.75 ppm ± 0.35 ppm), Cl- (162.1 ppm ± 2.0 ppm), F- (0.025 ppm ± 0.004 ppm), TA (30.0 ppm ± 1.2 ppm), Pb (0.130 ppm ± 0.010 ppm), Cd (0.0078 ppm ± 0.00035 ppm). The pH, Hardness, TDS, Pb and Cd higher values of the water samples analyzed in two districts of this study are not within the acceptable limits set by WHO for safe drinking water. However the maximum values of SO42-, Cl-, F-, TA, conductivity, analyzed in the two districts are within the maximum permissible level set by the WHO (World Health Organization) for safe drinking water.","PeriodicalId":15742,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81955610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2161-0525.2021.11.632
Hermine Danielle Fouda Menye Ebana, Augustine Kuinze Nkojap, Y. Mapoure, S. Owona, Alain Bertr, Dongmo, M. SamuelHonore, engue
Background: Calabash chalk geophagia commonly consumed in Sub-Saharan countries such as Cameroon may be a source of potential harmful elements such as lead and mercury. We sought to determine its geochemical composition on representative sample collected in the central market of Douala and evaluate their acute toxicity profile using rat. Methods: The geochemical analysis of three prototypes of Calabash chalk samples collected in the Douala central market, their main place of supply in the town, has been performed using the X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and the inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICPMS) for major and trace elements respectively. Acute toxicity was assessed according to Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guidelines test No 423. Results: The geochemistry displays the Al2O3 as their main major component with iron, titanium, cerium and zinc as metal and metalloid trace elements. No acute toxicity was found in rat after administration of 5000 mg/kg body weight. Conclusion: Calabash chalk belong to the kaolinite family which had showed evidence for digestive pharmacologic propriety. Their acute consumption may be less toxic while toxicity profile of chronic consumption should be investigated.
{"title":"Geochemistry and Acute Toxicity in Rat of Calabash Clay Consumed in Douala (Cameroon)","authors":"Hermine Danielle Fouda Menye Ebana, Augustine Kuinze Nkojap, Y. Mapoure, S. Owona, Alain Bertr, Dongmo, M. SamuelHonore, engue","doi":"10.37421/2161-0525.2021.11.632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2161-0525.2021.11.632","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Calabash chalk geophagia commonly consumed in Sub-Saharan countries such as Cameroon may be a source of potential harmful elements such as lead and mercury. We sought to determine its geochemical composition on representative sample collected in the central market of Douala and evaluate their acute toxicity profile using rat. Methods: The geochemical analysis of three prototypes of Calabash chalk samples collected in the Douala central market, their main place of supply in the town, has been performed using the X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and the inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICPMS) for major and trace elements respectively. Acute toxicity was assessed according to Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guidelines test No 423. Results: The geochemistry displays the Al2O3 as their main major component with iron, titanium, cerium and zinc as metal and metalloid trace elements. No acute toxicity was found in rat after administration of 5000 mg/kg body weight. Conclusion: Calabash chalk belong to the kaolinite family which had showed evidence for digestive pharmacologic propriety. Their acute consumption may be less toxic while toxicity profile of chronic consumption should be investigated.","PeriodicalId":15742,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology","volume":"60 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85653768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2161-0525.21.11.630
G. Antonious
A simple, accurate, and cost-effective procedure for separation and quantification of two pyrethroid insecticides residues on bean and cucumber plants was achieved using a Gas Chromatograph (GC) equipped with an electron capture detector (GC-ECD) and GC equipped with a Mass Selective Detector (MSD). Following spraying fruits and leaves were collected to determine insecticides dissipation constants and half-lives (T1/2 values). Residues of the two pyrethroids revealed the presence of permethrin isomers at retention times of 26 and 26.6 min that correspond to the cis and trans-isomers, respectively. The GC also revealed the presence of four cypermethrin isomers at retention times of 30.3, 30.9, 31.3, and 31.5 min. The average initial deposits of permethrin were 2.7 and 0.2 on cucumber leaves and fruits surfaces, respectively. Whereas cypermethrin initial deposits were 5.1 and 2 μg g-1 on cucumber leaves and fruits, respectively indicating greater deposits on leaves than fruits. T1/2 values of permethrin and cypermethrin residues on beans pods (7.2 and 9.5 d, respectively) and cucumber fruits (13 and 3.3 d, respectively) indicated that a waiting period of 10 and 15 d are required for consumption of cucumber fruits and bean pods sprayed with cypermethrin at the recommended spraying dosage to drop the residues to the Maximum Residue Limits.
{"title":"Permethrin and Cypermethrin Residues on Beans and Cucumber Plants Grown Under Greenhouse Conditions","authors":"G. Antonious","doi":"10.37421/2161-0525.21.11.630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2161-0525.21.11.630","url":null,"abstract":"A simple, accurate, and cost-effective procedure for separation and quantification of two pyrethroid insecticides residues on bean and cucumber plants was achieved using a Gas Chromatograph (GC) equipped with an electron capture detector (GC-ECD) and GC equipped with a Mass Selective Detector (MSD). Following spraying fruits and leaves were collected to determine insecticides dissipation constants and half-lives (T1/2 values). Residues of the two pyrethroids revealed the presence of permethrin isomers at retention times of 26 and 26.6 min that correspond to the cis and trans-isomers, respectively. The GC also revealed the presence of four cypermethrin isomers at retention times of 30.3, 30.9, 31.3, and 31.5 min. The average initial deposits of permethrin were 2.7 and 0.2 on cucumber leaves and fruits surfaces, respectively. Whereas cypermethrin initial deposits were 5.1 and 2 μg g-1 on cucumber leaves and fruits, respectively indicating greater deposits on leaves than fruits. T1/2 values of permethrin and cypermethrin residues on beans pods (7.2 and 9.5 d, respectively) and cucumber fruits (13 and 3.3 d, respectively) indicated that a waiting period of 10 and 15 d are required for consumption of cucumber fruits and bean pods sprayed with cypermethrin at the recommended spraying dosage to drop the residues to the Maximum Residue Limits.","PeriodicalId":15742,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology","volume":"18 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81392163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2161-0525.2021.11.633
H. Indo, H. Ito, K. Nakagawa, H. Majima
It is known that reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from mitochondria promote apoptosis. X-ray’s irradiation causes ROS generation from mitochondria and leads to apoptosis. We also published evidence of ROS generation by mitochondria in cells with impaired electron transport chain and mitochondrial DNA damage. Recently, using human lung carcinoma cell lines A549 and H1299/wtp53, we demonstrated that 15.5 Gy monoenergetic X-ray irradiation of the K-shell resonance absorption peak of phosphorus results in increased mitochondrial ROS production.
{"title":"Clarification of Mechanisms of Reactive Oxygen Species Generation from Mitochondria","authors":"H. Indo, H. Ito, K. Nakagawa, H. Majima","doi":"10.37421/2161-0525.2021.11.633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2161-0525.2021.11.633","url":null,"abstract":"It is known that reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from mitochondria promote apoptosis. X-ray’s irradiation causes ROS generation from mitochondria and leads to apoptosis. We also published evidence of ROS generation by mitochondria in cells with impaired electron transport chain and mitochondrial DNA damage. Recently, using human lung carcinoma cell lines A549 and H1299/wtp53, we demonstrated that 15.5 Gy monoenergetic X-ray irradiation of the K-shell resonance absorption peak of phosphorus results in increased mitochondrial ROS production.","PeriodicalId":15742,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology","volume":"31 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74357855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2161-0525.2021.11.634
Eze Chukwuebuka Gabriel, I. Chukwudozie, Arazu, H. OparajiEmeka
A Plantain harvested from Bodo community, Gokana L.G.A Rivers state were analyzed for heavy metals and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) concentrations. Physicochemical properties of the agricultural soil used for the plantain cultivation showed the following: pH (5.7) while the control experiment was seen at 7.4. Soil conductivity of 721 and 398 were obtained for both the test and control experiments, respectively. Soil mineral contents: Potassium (6.88 mg/g), phosphorus (2.63 mg/g), Magnesium (12.42 mg/g), chloride ions (1021.21 mg/g). Heavy metal analysis of the soil showed a greater proportion of copper and iron in while Hg, As and Cd were below detectable limit in both tested samples. Pb was found relatively in lower concentrations of 24.12 mg/g in the test sample, 6.23 mg/g in the control experiment. Total Oxidizable Carbon Content (TOC) and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) content of the soil were observed at 104.12 and 2567 mg/g respectively in the tested sample. The control experiment showed TOC and TPH concentrations of 42.85 and 1094 mg/g. Heavy metal analysis of harvested plantain from Bodoh community showed the presence of the following: Lead (Pb), Iron (Fe) and Copper (Cu) in the following order: Cu>Fe>Pb in the test sample while in the control experiment, iron (Fe) was seen greater than copper (Cu). Heavy metals of mercury, cadmium and arsenic were below detectable limit at in both the harvested plantain from Bodo community and those of the control experiment, respectively. Bioaccumulation factor of all the heavy metals identified were <1. PAHs of Acenaphthalene, Acenaphthene, chrysene, pyrene and fluranthene were not detected in the control experiment while only chrysene was not detected in the test samples. Naphthalene,methyl naphthalene, acenaphthalene, acenaphthene, benzo (k) fluranthene and flourene were relatively high in concentration than pyrene and flouranthene in the test samples. Naphthalene, methylnaphthalene, flourene and benzo(k) flouranthene were only recorded in the control experiment. Acenaphthalene (0.034 mg/g) was seen as the highest PAHs in bioaccumulation in the test sample while flourene (0.005 mg/g) recorded the highest in the control experiment.
{"title":"Estimation of Heavy Metals and Polycyclic Aromatic Heavy Metals in Harvested Plantains from Bodo, Rivers State","authors":"Eze Chukwuebuka Gabriel, I. Chukwudozie, Arazu, H. OparajiEmeka","doi":"10.37421/2161-0525.2021.11.634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2161-0525.2021.11.634","url":null,"abstract":"A Plantain harvested from Bodo community, Gokana L.G.A Rivers state were analyzed for heavy metals and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) concentrations. Physicochemical properties of the agricultural soil used for the plantain cultivation showed the following: pH (5.7) while the control experiment was seen at 7.4. Soil conductivity of 721 and 398 were obtained for both the test and control experiments, respectively. Soil mineral contents: Potassium (6.88 mg/g), phosphorus (2.63 mg/g), Magnesium (12.42 mg/g), chloride ions (1021.21 mg/g). Heavy metal analysis of the soil showed a greater proportion of copper and iron in while Hg, As and Cd were below detectable limit in both tested samples. Pb was found relatively in lower concentrations of 24.12 mg/g in the test sample, 6.23 mg/g in the control experiment. Total Oxidizable Carbon Content (TOC) and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) content of the soil were observed at 104.12 and 2567 mg/g respectively in the tested sample. The control experiment showed TOC and TPH concentrations of 42.85 and 1094 mg/g. Heavy metal analysis of harvested plantain from Bodoh community showed the presence of the following: Lead (Pb), Iron (Fe) and Copper (Cu) in the following order: Cu>Fe>Pb in the test sample while in the control experiment, iron (Fe) was seen greater than copper (Cu). Heavy metals of mercury, cadmium and arsenic were below detectable limit at in both the harvested plantain from Bodo community and those of the control experiment, respectively. Bioaccumulation factor of all the heavy metals identified were <1. PAHs of Acenaphthalene, Acenaphthene, chrysene, pyrene and fluranthene were not detected in the control experiment while only chrysene was not detected in the test samples. Naphthalene,methyl naphthalene, acenaphthalene, acenaphthene, benzo (k) fluranthene and flourene were relatively high in concentration than pyrene and flouranthene in the test samples. Naphthalene, methylnaphthalene, flourene and benzo(k) flouranthene were only recorded in the control experiment. Acenaphthalene (0.034 mg/g) was seen as the highest PAHs in bioaccumulation in the test sample while flourene (0.005 mg/g) recorded the highest in the control experiment.","PeriodicalId":15742,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology","volume":"32 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88302861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2161-0525.2021.11.631
O. Tola, A. Olakiigbe, J. Saliu
Morphometric and meristic features, metal accumulation and chemical composition of Sarotherodon melanotheron and its intestinal parasites were investigated in August, 2013. The Standard length of Sarotherodon melanotheron range between 13.10-21.50 cm with Mean ± SD of 16.15 ± 1.97, (p<0.001) and Head length range from 1.50-2.70 with Mean ± SD of 2.15 ± 0.28, (p<0.001). Heavy metal concentrations were determined in water, sediment, intestinal parasites, gills and liver of Sarotherodon melanotheron were analysed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry to determine concentration of Pb and Zn. Metals in the water, sediment and parasites were above WHO level. The concentration of Lead and Zinc were higher in the sediment (Pb-18.82 and Zn-21.52) than the water (Pb-2.66 and Zn-15.41). The liver accumulated highest concentration of Lead and Zinc than the gill and parasite. The trend of lead accumulation was; gill (0.86)
{"title":"Lead and Zinc Concentrations in the Gill, Liver and Parasito-Fauna of Sarotherodon melanotheron iIn Makoko Lagoon, Lagos State, Nigeria","authors":"O. Tola, A. Olakiigbe, J. Saliu","doi":"10.37421/2161-0525.2021.11.631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37421/2161-0525.2021.11.631","url":null,"abstract":"Morphometric and meristic features, metal accumulation and chemical composition of Sarotherodon melanotheron and its intestinal parasites were investigated in August, 2013. The Standard length of Sarotherodon melanotheron range between 13.10-21.50 cm with Mean ± SD of 16.15 ± 1.97, (p<0.001) and Head length range from 1.50-2.70 with Mean ± SD of 2.15 ± 0.28, (p<0.001). Heavy metal concentrations were determined in water, sediment, intestinal parasites, gills and liver of Sarotherodon melanotheron were analysed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry to determine concentration of Pb and Zn. Metals in the water, sediment and parasites were above WHO level. The concentration of Lead and Zinc were higher in the sediment (Pb-18.82 and Zn-21.52) than the water (Pb-2.66 and Zn-15.41). The liver accumulated highest concentration of Lead and Zinc than the gill and parasite. The trend of lead accumulation was; gill (0.86)<parasite (0.98)<liver (3.54). This accumulation followed similar trend in zinc sampled, the mean concentrations for zinc; parasites; (Zn) (mg/l); 3.39, p<0.01, gill; (Zn)(mg/l); 0.72, p<0.01, liver; (Zn) (mg/l); 11.04, p<0.01. Fish parasites, particularly intestinal acanthocephalans and cestodes, accumulated heavy metals at concentrations significantly higher than those in fish tissues or the environment; hence, they could be used as bioindicators of heavy metal pollution. It is important to continue monitoring heavy metals concentration in waters, sediments and fish of Makoko lagoon so as to assess trends in heavy metal behavior in the area.","PeriodicalId":15742,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90358178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.37421/2161-0525.2021.S5.001
G. Arts, M. Eupen, S. Hennekens, P. Verweij
The risk assessment of pesticide use on non-target terrestrial plants is currently based on standardized greenhouse tests with a limited number of mostly crop plant species. Higher tier tests or assessments of any kind (e.g., field, semi-field, landscape studies) are not standardized. In this study we explored an approach to inform such a higher level by collecting datasets and information at European scale to characterize the vegetation communities that are likely to grow in the off-field areas of wheat and vine crops. The EUNIS (European Nature Information System) habitat classification was used to identify eight man-made habitats considered characteristic of the off-field areas in the European agricultural landscape. These habitats are spatially identified on the bases of a modelling process where vegetation plots, taken from the European Vegetation Archive, were used as observations and climate, soil, topographic, population density parameters and Remote Sensed Essential Biodiversity Variables as predictors. This modelling results in habitat suitability maps. The habitats are also described in terms of species frequencies and abundances, and to plant traits underlying possible vulnerability to pesticide exposure requested from the TRY plant trait database. Wheat and vine crop spatial data were derived from EUROSTAT and the QUICKScan methodology was used to combine all these data. We conclude that this method is helpful in reaching the objective as described in this paper. Its potential is that it can be extended probabilistically or linked to plant effect models.
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