Pub Date : 2017-07-22DOI: 10.4172/2161-0525.1000493
I. Udotong, M. Uko, J. Udotong
Ibeno, the operational base of Mobil Producing Nigeria Unlimited, a subsidiary of ExxonMobil, Nigeria remains one of the most impacted communities by oil and gas activities in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Lotic and lentic systems in the region which residents rely on, receive petroleum hydrocarbon inputs almost daily due to oil spills and oily wastes discharges from operators and bunkering activities. This research was carried out to determine the prokaryotic diversity in a remote aviation fuel-polluted lentic ecosystem after 16 years of pollution using metagenomic approaches. DNA extraction from the water samples was carried out using MoBio DNA extraction Kits following the manufacturer’s instructions. Extracted DNA fragments were quantified using picogreen and by recording their UV absorption spectra using NanoDrop spectrophotometer. 16S rDNA sequencing was carried out on a Miseq Illumina sequencing platform and Quantitative Insight Into Microbial Ecology (QIIME) bioinformatics pipeline. Analyses revealed the dominance of bacterial and archaeal communities in both polluted and unpolluted water samples. The polluted sample had 93.83% bacterial and 3.43% archaeal population while the control sample revealed 58.05% bacterial and 39.69% archaeal population. Dominant bacterial phyla from the polluted samples were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Chloroflexi while dominant phyla in the unpolluted samples were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. Dominant archaeal phyla from both polluted and unpolluted waters were Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota. The use of 16S rDNA metagenomic approach revealed a wide variety of bacterial and archaeal diversity from both polluted and control sites, thus revealing the true ecological status of both sites.
Ibeno是埃克森美孚的子公司Mobil production Nigeria Unlimited的运营基地，是尼日利亚尼日尔三角洲地区受油气活动影响最大的地区之一。由于石油泄漏和油类废物的排放以及加油活动，该地区居民所依赖的油气系统几乎每天都要接收石油烃的输入。本研究采用宏基因组方法确定了一个偏远的航空燃料污染的生物生态系统经过16年污染后的原核生物多样性。按照制造商的说明，使用MoBio DNA提取试剂盒从水样中提取DNA。提取的DNA片段用picogreen定量，用NanoDrop分光光度计记录其紫外吸收光谱。16S rDNA测序在Miseq Illumina测序平台和QIIME生物信息学管道上进行。分析表明，在污染和未污染的水样中，细菌和古细菌群落都占主导地位。污染样品细菌总数为93.83%，古菌总数为3.43%;对照样品细菌总数为58.05%，古菌总数为39.69%。污染样品的优势菌门为变形菌门、厚壁菌门、放线菌门、蓝藻门和氯霉素门，未污染样品的优势菌门为变形菌门、厚壁菌门和放线菌门。污染水体和未污染水体的优势古菌门类均为Euryarchaeota和Crenarchaeota。利用16S rDNA宏基因组方法揭示了污染点和对照点细菌和古细菌的多样性，从而揭示了污染点和对照点的真实生态状况。
{"title":"Use of 16S rDNA Sequencing to Determine Procaryotic Diversity of a Remote Aviation Fuel-Polluted Lentic Ecosystem in Ibeno, Nigeria","authors":"I. Udotong, M. Uko, J. Udotong","doi":"10.4172/2161-0525.1000493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0525.1000493","url":null,"abstract":"Ibeno, the operational base of Mobil Producing Nigeria Unlimited, a subsidiary of ExxonMobil, Nigeria remains one of the most impacted communities by oil and gas activities in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Lotic and lentic systems in the region which residents rely on, receive petroleum hydrocarbon inputs almost daily due to oil spills and oily wastes discharges from operators and bunkering activities. This research was carried out to determine the prokaryotic diversity in a remote aviation fuel-polluted lentic ecosystem after 16 years of pollution using metagenomic approaches. DNA extraction from the water samples was carried out using MoBio DNA extraction Kits following the manufacturer’s instructions. Extracted DNA fragments were quantified using picogreen and by recording their UV absorption spectra using NanoDrop spectrophotometer. 16S rDNA sequencing was carried out on a Miseq Illumina sequencing platform and Quantitative Insight Into Microbial Ecology (QIIME) bioinformatics pipeline. Analyses revealed the dominance of bacterial and archaeal communities in both polluted and unpolluted water samples. The polluted sample had 93.83% bacterial and 3.43% archaeal population while the control sample revealed 58.05% bacterial and 39.69% archaeal population. Dominant bacterial phyla from the polluted samples were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Chloroflexi while dominant phyla in the unpolluted samples were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. Dominant archaeal phyla from both polluted and unpolluted waters were Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota. The use of 16S rDNA metagenomic approach revealed a wide variety of bacterial and archaeal diversity from both polluted and control sites, thus revealing the true ecological status of both sites.","PeriodicalId":15742,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology","volume":"16 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90673614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-20DOI: 10.4172/2161-0525.1000491
Chibuzo N Agogbuo, M. Nwagbara, E. Bekele, A. Olusegun
Precipitation forecasts from four Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models are evaluated for a case of widespread rainfall event over Central and Southern Nigeria on the 21st of March 2015. The four models evaluated are the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) with a resolution of 25 km, The UKMET model 20 km, NCEP Global Forecast System (GFS) 50 km and the Weather Research and Forecast Model (WRF) with 10 km resolution. Precipitation forecasts are compared with observed precipitation at station and gridded observation points for different rainfall amount thresholds using the Method of Objective-based Diagnostic Evaluation (MODE), Grid statistics and Point Statistics. The global models ECMWF, UKMET and GFS underestimated the rainfall amount when compared to the WRF regional model. The global models recorded a critical success index (CSI) of less than 10% while the regional WRF model recorded a critical success index of 40% for rainfall amount greater than 25 mm. MODE analysis showed that the WRF model also recorded a 93% relationship between observed and forecast precipitation events of 21st March 2015 over Nigeria when compared with the ECMWF, UKMET and GFS models which showed 88%, 88% and 87% relationship respectively. Our findings suggest that dynamically downscaling a global model using the WRF model added value and gave a better skill of precipitation forecast for the event under study.
{"title":"Evaluation of Selected Numerical Weather Prediction Models for a Case of Widespread Rainfall over Central and Southern Nigeria","authors":"Chibuzo N Agogbuo, M. Nwagbara, E. Bekele, A. Olusegun","doi":"10.4172/2161-0525.1000491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0525.1000491","url":null,"abstract":"Precipitation forecasts from four Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models are evaluated for a case of widespread rainfall event over Central and Southern Nigeria on the 21st of March 2015. The four models evaluated are the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) with a resolution of 25 km, The UKMET model 20 km, NCEP Global Forecast System (GFS) 50 km and the Weather Research and Forecast Model (WRF) with 10 km resolution. Precipitation forecasts are compared with observed precipitation at station and gridded observation points for different rainfall amount thresholds using the Method of Objective-based Diagnostic Evaluation (MODE), Grid statistics and Point Statistics. The global models ECMWF, UKMET and GFS underestimated the rainfall amount when compared to the WRF regional model. The global models recorded a critical success index (CSI) of less than 10% while the regional WRF model recorded a critical success index of 40% for rainfall amount greater than 25 mm. MODE analysis showed that the WRF model also recorded a 93% relationship between observed and forecast precipitation events of 21st March 2015 over Nigeria when compared with the ECMWF, UKMET and GFS models which showed 88%, 88% and 87% relationship respectively. Our findings suggest that dynamically downscaling a global model using the WRF model added value and gave a better skill of precipitation forecast for the event under study.","PeriodicalId":15742,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89552034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-10DOI: 10.4172/2161-0525.1000488
Ban Wen-tao, Li Bo
Geothermal energy is a green and renewable energy source. There are abundant geothermal resources in Gedong area of Guizhou Province, China. The Geothermal resources are controlled by regional structure. The shape of heat storage is zonal distribution. Inorder to know more about the characteristics of banded thermal reservoirs and provide reference for the development and utilization of banded thermal reservoirs in Qiandongnan area of Guizhou, on the basis of fully understanding the geothermal geological conditions in the Gedong area of Guizhou, the samples of geothermal fluid were collected and the hydrochemistry, hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of regional geothermal water were analyzed. The result shows that regional geothermal water circulation is very deep. The circulation depth of geothermal water is at least 1330 m. Ground water is heated continuously by large geothermal flow during circulation and finally becomes geothermal water. The source of geothermal water supply is meteoric water and its lower limit of recharge height is 926 m. The characteristics of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of geothermal water in different geothermal wells (Springs) are different, and the main factor is elevation. The chemical composition of geothermal water is controlled by the surrounding rock of geothermal water, the dissolved specific mineral of geothermal water and the circulation of geothermal water are difference. Geothermal water in different geothermal wells (Springs) can be divided into two groups. The division is based on whether geothermal water reaches mineral equilibrium and whether it is mixed with shallow ground water.
{"title":"Hydrochemical and Geochemical Characteristics of Geothermal Water in Gedong Area of Guizhou Province","authors":"Ban Wen-tao, Li Bo","doi":"10.4172/2161-0525.1000488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0525.1000488","url":null,"abstract":"Geothermal energy is a green and renewable energy source. There are abundant geothermal resources in Gedong area of Guizhou Province, China. The Geothermal resources are controlled by regional structure. The shape of heat storage is zonal distribution. Inorder to know more about the characteristics of banded thermal reservoirs and provide reference for the development and utilization of banded thermal reservoirs in Qiandongnan area of Guizhou, on the basis of fully understanding the geothermal geological conditions in the Gedong area of Guizhou, the samples of geothermal fluid were collected and the hydrochemistry, hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of regional geothermal water were analyzed. The result shows that regional geothermal water circulation is very deep. The circulation depth of geothermal water is at least 1330 m. Ground water is heated continuously by large geothermal flow during circulation and finally becomes geothermal water. The source of geothermal water supply is meteoric water and its lower limit of recharge height is 926 m. The characteristics of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of geothermal water in different geothermal wells (Springs) are different, and the main factor is elevation. The chemical composition of geothermal water is controlled by the surrounding rock of geothermal water, the dissolved specific mineral of geothermal water and the circulation of geothermal water are difference. Geothermal water in different geothermal wells (Springs) can be divided into two groups. The division is based on whether geothermal water reaches mineral equilibrium and whether it is mixed with shallow ground water.","PeriodicalId":15742,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72577563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-26DOI: 10.4172/2161-0525.1000484
C. Guarino, R. Sciarrillo
The pollution of metals and metalloids in soils caused by industrial activities is a major issue and invests the whole planet earth. The area we investigated is present in the Petrochemical of Porto Torres (Sardinia-Italy), which has an extension of about 1100 ha, is located along the northwest coast of Sardinia, about 1.8 km west of the town and with a surface contamination (0-50 cm depth) from As, Tl and V. The aim of this study is the investigation of spontaneous species present in the areas and the possibility to find some species among those useful to the phytoremediation. We also evaluate (mesocosm) some species that spontaneously live in the Porto Torres area but not on the area under consideration such as Dittrichia viscosa and Piptatherum miliaceum which, according to literature data, showed a good attitude towards phytoremediation. In conclusion, Dittrichia viscosa, Piptatherum miliaceum and Bromus madritensis are good candidates to build a phytoremediation design.
{"title":"Ecological and Functional Evaluation of Species Candidate for Heavy Metals Phytoremediation in SIN Porto Torres (Sardinia, Italy)","authors":"C. Guarino, R. Sciarrillo","doi":"10.4172/2161-0525.1000484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0525.1000484","url":null,"abstract":"The pollution of metals and metalloids in soils caused by industrial activities is a major issue and invests the whole planet earth. The area we investigated is present in the Petrochemical of Porto Torres (Sardinia-Italy), which has an extension of about 1100 ha, is located along the northwest coast of Sardinia, about 1.8 km west of the town and with a surface contamination (0-50 cm depth) from As, Tl and V. The aim of this study is the investigation of spontaneous species present in the areas and the possibility to find some species among those useful to the phytoremediation. We also evaluate (mesocosm) some species that spontaneously live in the Porto Torres area but not on the area under consideration such as Dittrichia viscosa and Piptatherum miliaceum which, according to literature data, showed a good attitude towards phytoremediation. In conclusion, Dittrichia viscosa, Piptatherum miliaceum and Bromus madritensis are good candidates to build a phytoremediation design.","PeriodicalId":15742,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology","volume":"91 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82074591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-26DOI: 10.4172/2161-0525.1000482
J. Moreau, N. Gatimel, P. Vabre, J. Parinaud, R. Leandri
Historical examples of environmental pollution in wildlife have witnessed that mammalian reproduction is a process very highly sensitive to environmental toxins. Such example also exists in humans: it has been shown that breast-fed boys from women exposed to dioxins during the Seveso explosion have permanent reduced sperm quality. Those caricatural accidents have drawn attention on the possible links between environmental toxics and human reproduction and paved the way for studying the effects of much more insidious, chronic exposure [1-3]. The effects of toxics not only concern the exposed individuals, but also their progeny through transplacental impacts and/or epigenetic modifications with potential transgenerational inheritance, both leading to an actual problem of public health. Toxics can act on spermatogenesis as well as oogenesis, but also on embryonic and fetal development [4,5].
{"title":"Pollution Threatens Human Fertility: It is Time to Make Our Gametes Great Again","authors":"J. Moreau, N. Gatimel, P. Vabre, J. Parinaud, R. Leandri","doi":"10.4172/2161-0525.1000482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0525.1000482","url":null,"abstract":"Historical examples of environmental pollution in wildlife have witnessed that mammalian reproduction is a process very highly sensitive to environmental toxins. Such example also exists in humans: it has been shown that breast-fed boys from women exposed to dioxins during the Seveso explosion have permanent reduced sperm quality. Those caricatural accidents have drawn attention on the possible links between environmental toxics and human reproduction and paved the way for studying the effects of much more insidious, chronic exposure [1-3]. The effects of toxics not only concern the exposed individuals, but also their progeny through transplacental impacts and/or epigenetic modifications with potential transgenerational inheritance, both leading to an actual problem of public health. Toxics can act on spermatogenesis as well as oogenesis, but also on embryonic and fetal development [4,5].","PeriodicalId":15742,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology","volume":"116 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74572796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-22DOI: 10.4172/2161-0525.1000483
Duanle Li, Dong Wang, Yi Wang, Cai-fu Ren, N.-H. Yuan
The coal was sampled from No.15 coal seam in coalfield of southeast Shanxi. The Hg, As, Se, Cr and Pb occurrence in coal seam and environmental features of the heavy metal elements of coal were studied by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (ARL Quant 'X), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and inductively couple-plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Environmental features, such as heavy metal element concentration, distribution and occurrence mode, etc., were studied by systematic determination of element concentration, inorganic element and mineral composition in coal. The results showed that the coal from No.15 coal seam had the mercury (Hg) concentration between 0.44 and 0.268 μg/g, and average Hg concentration of 0.11 μg/g; arsenic (As) concentration between 0.31 and 0.91 μg/g, 0.61 μg/g on average; selenium (Se) concentration between 0.94 and 3.56 μg/g, 2.45 μg/g on average; chromium (Cr) concentration between 9.54 and 24.58 μg/g, 17.06 μg/g on average; lead (Pb) concentration between 10.23 and 23.56 μg/g, 18.13 μg/g on average. The comparison with the Clark value showed Se was significantly enriched, As and Cr were lost, and Hg and Pb were normal. Compared with the coal from other counties and regions both at home and abroad, as was lost and other elements were normal. The elements irregularly distributed vertically. In spite of different element concentrations in adjacent coal seams, no significant enrichment occurred. The target elements mainly occurred in the form of inorganic matters except As. Hg was mainly concentrated in pyrite and clay minerals. Se, Cr and Pb were mainly concentrated in kaolinite, and Se was mainly concentrated in illite. Because of different occurrences or different forms in one mineral, the Hg, As, Se, Cr, and Pb loss rates were 99.43%, 85.91%, 77.89%, 73.81%, and 68.85% at 815°C, respectively.
{"title":"Occurrence and Environmental Features of Heavy Metal Elements of Coal from Coalfield in the Southeast Shanxi","authors":"Duanle Li, Dong Wang, Yi Wang, Cai-fu Ren, N.-H. Yuan","doi":"10.4172/2161-0525.1000483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0525.1000483","url":null,"abstract":"The coal was sampled from No.15 coal seam in coalfield of southeast Shanxi. The Hg, As, Se, Cr and Pb occurrence in coal seam and environmental features of the heavy metal elements of coal were studied by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (ARL Quant 'X), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and inductively couple-plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Environmental features, such as heavy metal element concentration, distribution and occurrence mode, etc., were studied by systematic determination of element concentration, inorganic element and mineral composition in coal. The results showed that the coal from No.15 coal seam had the mercury (Hg) concentration between 0.44 and 0.268 μg/g, and average Hg concentration of 0.11 μg/g; arsenic (As) concentration between 0.31 and 0.91 μg/g, 0.61 μg/g on average; selenium (Se) concentration between 0.94 and 3.56 μg/g, 2.45 μg/g on average; chromium (Cr) concentration between 9.54 and 24.58 μg/g, 17.06 μg/g on average; lead (Pb) concentration between 10.23 and 23.56 μg/g, 18.13 μg/g on average. The comparison with the Clark value showed Se was significantly enriched, As and Cr were lost, and Hg and Pb were normal. Compared with the coal from other counties and regions both at home and abroad, as was lost and other elements were normal. The elements irregularly distributed vertically. In spite of different element concentrations in adjacent coal seams, no significant enrichment occurred. The target elements mainly occurred in the form of inorganic matters except As. Hg was mainly concentrated in pyrite and clay minerals. Se, Cr and Pb were mainly concentrated in kaolinite, and Se was mainly concentrated in illite. Because of different occurrences or different forms in one mineral, the Hg, As, Se, Cr, and Pb loss rates were 99.43%, 85.91%, 77.89%, 73.81%, and 68.85% at 815°C, respectively.","PeriodicalId":15742,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72739143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-20DOI: 10.4172/2161-0525.1000481
F. Omoruwou, Okewale Ao, Owabor Cn
This present work investigated surface response modeling and optimization of corrosion inhibition of water hyacinth on mild steel surface in an acidic medium. This was achieved using the central composite design (CCD) experimental design. Response Surface Methodology was used to assess the effects of experimental process variables that influenced rate of corrosion, and for searching of optimum combinations of factors. The rate of corrosion on mild steel surface was study using weight loss method. The optimum process variables obtained from the quadratic model developed were 1.50 g/l inhibitor’s concentration, 8 hours exposure time, and temperature of 60°C with a predicted inhibitor’s efficiency value of 82.89%. The experimental result obtained from optimum value validation was 81.5% and the predicted optimum value was adequately represented. The mild steel corrosion inhibition was achieved through the double bond adsorption of carbonyl group existing in the inhibitor phytochemical constituent.
{"title":"Statistical Analysis of Corrosion Inhibition of Water Hyacinth on Mild Steel in an Acidic Medium","authors":"F. Omoruwou, Okewale Ao, Owabor Cn","doi":"10.4172/2161-0525.1000481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0525.1000481","url":null,"abstract":"This present work investigated surface response modeling and optimization of corrosion inhibition of water hyacinth on mild steel surface in an acidic medium. This was achieved using the central composite design (CCD) experimental design. Response Surface Methodology was used to assess the effects of experimental process variables that influenced rate of corrosion, and for searching of optimum combinations of factors. The rate of corrosion on mild steel surface was study using weight loss method. The optimum process variables obtained from the quadratic model developed were 1.50 g/l inhibitor’s concentration, 8 hours exposure time, and temperature of 60°C with a predicted inhibitor’s efficiency value of 82.89%. The experimental result obtained from optimum value validation was 81.5% and the predicted optimum value was adequately represented. The mild steel corrosion inhibition was achieved through the double bond adsorption of carbonyl group existing in the inhibitor phytochemical constituent.","PeriodicalId":15742,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology","volume":"65 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75138978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-19DOI: 10.4172/2161-0525.1000479
M. Wierzbicka, M. Pielichowska, Olga Bemowska-Kałabun, P. Wąsowicz
In the era of increasing environmental pollution, microevolutionary processes occurring in plants inhabiting anthropogenic areas play a special role. With time, these processes may lead to formation of new plant species. A good example of occurrence of microevolutionary processes on anthropogenically altered areas is the metallophyte Biscutella laevigata L. The studies have shown the existence of significant morphological, anatomical and physiological differences between two groups of the B. laevigata populations occurring in Poland – the population of calamine waste heaps in BolesA…‚aw near Olkusz (Silesian Upland) and the population inhabiting the Tatra Mountains (Western Carpathians). The demonstrated differences are the adaptation (hereditary characteristics) of the plants to the unfavorable conditions of the calamine waste heap, i. a. high concentration of heavy metals in the soil. The research has also shown theexistence of significant differences between these two groups of populations – both at the genetic and morphological levels (a clonal form of vegetative propagation, removal of heavy metals by the oldest and drying leaves, a zinc tolerant species, trichomes accumulating metals, metal detoxification at the cellular level). The demonstrated differences between the zinc-lead (calamine) waste heap population and the Tatra Mountains population indicate the existence of the new subspecies of Biscutella laevigata subsp. woycickii on the heaps in Boleslaw, in Poland.
{"title":"Microevolution on Anthropogenically Changed Areas on the Example of Biscutella laevigata Plants from Calamine Waste Heap in Poland","authors":"M. Wierzbicka, M. Pielichowska, Olga Bemowska-Kałabun, P. Wąsowicz","doi":"10.4172/2161-0525.1000479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0525.1000479","url":null,"abstract":"In the era of increasing environmental pollution, microevolutionary processes occurring in plants inhabiting anthropogenic areas play a special role. With time, these processes may lead to formation of new plant species. A good example of occurrence of microevolutionary processes on anthropogenically altered areas is the metallophyte Biscutella laevigata L. The studies have shown the existence of significant morphological, anatomical and physiological differences between two groups of the B. laevigata populations occurring in Poland – the population of calamine waste heaps in BolesA…‚aw near Olkusz (Silesian Upland) and the population inhabiting the Tatra Mountains (Western Carpathians). The demonstrated differences are the adaptation (hereditary characteristics) of the plants to the unfavorable conditions of the calamine waste heap, i. a. high concentration of heavy metals in the soil. The research has also shown theexistence of significant differences between these two groups of populations – both at the genetic and morphological levels (a clonal form of vegetative propagation, removal of heavy metals by the oldest and drying leaves, a zinc tolerant species, trichomes accumulating metals, metal detoxification at the cellular level). The demonstrated differences between the zinc-lead (calamine) waste heap population and the Tatra Mountains population indicate the existence of the new subspecies of Biscutella laevigata subsp. woycickii on the heaps in Boleslaw, in Poland.","PeriodicalId":15742,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology","volume":"28 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86933239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-19DOI: 10.4172/2161-0525.1000480
Omar Jridi
The objective of this paper is crystallized around the explanation of the energy paradox, that of the non adoption of cost-effective energy-saving investments. The latter is mutually driven by two major factors. Uncertainty future benefits of energy savings, which we assume that they follow a geometric Brownian motion. In this stochastic process, we take into account the lower costs of efficient equipment as a result of learning by doing. To affirm the robustness of the model, we generate simulation results for the case of solar water heaters. The minimum rate of return required by households reached 18.81%. Beyond that, the model allows the simulation of the effects of the instruments of energy policy oriented to the promotion of the adoption of this equipment. We urge policymaker’s ineffectiveness of the policy of subsidy to the purchase of energy-saving equipment and the effectiveness of energy taxation policy. The combination of these two instruments amplifies the adoptions of these devices and generates very positive externalities in terms of energy saving and emission reduction of greenhouse gases.
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Pub Date : 2017-06-19DOI: 10.4172/2161-0525.1000478
J. Radaideh
Air quality and climatic factors are closely linked through atmospheric chemical reactions and dynamic processes. This work based on a study conducted over an area of industrial plant located in Saudi Arabia during three consecutive weeks with noticeable varying meteorological parameters in the last week of survey with the main objective to examine the role of climatic factors on differences in air pollutant concentration. A systematic analysis of air pollutants including TVOC, CO, SO2, NO2, and O3 and meteorological parameters including temperature, wind speed (WS), and relative humanity (RH) was conducted for a continuous period of 3 weeks from March to mid-April 2015. Acquired results indicate most of observed key air pollutants increase with increase in relative humidity, except NO2, which experiences a decrease in concentrations simultaneous with increasing relative humidity. This survey study suggests that concentrations of TVOC concentrations increase by 201%, CO by 15.2%, SO2 by 21.6% and ozone by 16% as a direct contribution to relative humidity change. While NO2 experiences a decrease by 53.4% as a result of increase in relative humidity. Ozone exhibits only slightly spatial variation due to sudden change of meteorological variables.
{"title":"Effect of Meteorological Variables on Air Pollutants Variation in Arid Climates","authors":"J. Radaideh","doi":"10.4172/2161-0525.1000478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0525.1000478","url":null,"abstract":"Air quality and climatic factors are closely linked through atmospheric chemical reactions and dynamic processes. This work based on a study conducted over an area of industrial plant located in Saudi Arabia during three consecutive weeks with noticeable varying meteorological parameters in the last week of survey with the main objective to examine the role of climatic factors on differences in air pollutant concentration. A systematic analysis of air pollutants including TVOC, CO, SO2, NO2, and O3 and meteorological parameters including temperature, wind speed (WS), and relative humanity (RH) was conducted for a continuous period of 3 weeks from March to mid-April 2015. Acquired results indicate most of observed key air pollutants increase with increase in relative humidity, except NO2, which experiences a decrease in concentrations simultaneous with increasing relative humidity. This survey study suggests that concentrations of TVOC concentrations increase by 201%, CO by 15.2%, SO2 by 21.6% and ozone by 16% as a direct contribution to relative humidity change. While NO2 experiences a decrease by 53.4% as a result of increase in relative humidity. Ozone exhibits only slightly spatial variation due to sudden change of meteorological variables.","PeriodicalId":15742,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology","volume":"30 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84447084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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