Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research最新文献

{"title":"Eleven Year Evaluation of American (Geneva®) and Polish Rootstocks with ‘Golden Delicious Reinders’ Apple in Poland","authors":"A. Czynczyk, P. Bielicki","doi":"10.2478/v10290-012-0011-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/v10290-012-0011-y","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A field study of dwarf apple rootstock performance using ‘Golden Delicious Reinders’ as scion cultivar was conducted during the year 2001-2011. The study included 6 rootstocks from Cornell Geneva rootstock breeding program (G.11, G.16, G.41, G.202, CG.3007 and CG.4013) 4 rootstocks from the Polish rootstock breeding program (P 14, P 16, P 59 and P 60) and 3 Malling rootstocks as control (M.9 T337, M.9 Pajam 2 and M.26). During the eleven years of growth (2001-2011), there was no tree loss due to root system or cultivar damage caused by frost or diseases including fire blight (Ervinia amylovora Burr. Winsl.) infestation on the rootstock. Trees growing on P 59 and P 16 had the weakest growth while the strongest growing trees were on P 14, M.26, P 60, G.202 and CG.4013. The size of the trees on M.9 Pajam 2, G.16, G.41, CG3007 and CG.4013 were similar to that of the trees growing on the standard rootstock M.9 T337, while the trees on P 59, P 16 and G.11 were significantly smaller from standard trees on M.9 T337. After eleven years of the growth, the cumulative yield varied from 56.7 kg (on P 59) to 237.8 kg (on CG.4013). High yields were also obtained from vigorously growing trees on: G.202, P 14, G.41 and M.26. The cumulative yield expressed as yield per cm2 of trunk cross-sectional area was highest for trees on G.11, P 16, M.9 Pajam 2 and G.41 and lowest for vigorously growing trees on P 60, P 14 and M.26. In 2009, a year of good cropping, the mean mass of fruits varied from 140 g on G.16 to 213 g on P 60. The fruit size from trees on P 14, M.26 and P 16 was statistically similar to fruits from trees on M.9 T337. The results of the eleven-year study lead to the conclusion that the rootstocks G.11 and G.41, which are highly resistant to fire blight, can be recommended for growing ‘Golden Delicious Reinders’ apple in the Polish climate, similarly to trees on M.9 T337, P 16 and M.9 Pajam 2. For orchards located on light soils the following rootstocks are also promising: G.202, CG.3007, CG.4013 and P 14 and P 60 rootstocks of polish selection. Streszczenie W latach 2001-2011 badano przydatność podkładek selekcji amerykańskiej (Geneva®) i polskiej odmiany Golden Delicious Reinders. Badano 6 podkładek ze stacji doświadczalnej Cornell Geneva (USA): G.11, G.16, G.41, G.202, CG.3007, CG.4013, 4 podkładki hodowli polskiej: P 14, P 16, P 59 i P 60 oraz podkładki kontrolne z serii Malling: M.9 T337, M.9 Pajam 2 i M.26. W ciągu 11 lat wzrostu nie stwierdzono obumierania drzew z powodu uszkodzenia ich przez mróz lub choroby, włącznie z zarazą ogniową (Erwinia amylovora Burr. Winsl.). Najsłabiej rosły drzewa na P 59 i P 16, a najsilniej na P 14, M.26, P 60, G.202 i CG.4013. Wielkość drzew na M.9 Pajam 2, G.16, G.41, CG.3007 i CG.4013 była zbliżona do drzew na standardowej podkładce M.9 T337, a drzewa na P 59, P 16 i G.11 były nawet istotnie mniejsze od drzew na M.9 T337. Po 11 latach wzrostu sumaryczne plony wynosiły od 56.7 kg (na P 59) do 237.8 kg (na ","PeriodicalId":15757,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"11 - 21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85103781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Storage Conditions on Flavonoids Content and Antioxidant Activity of Selected Shallot (Allium Cepa Var. Ascalonicum Backer) Hybrid Cultivars","authors":"M. Pudzianowska, M. Gajewski, J. Przybył, Agnieszka Buraczyńska, O. Gaczkowska, Marta Matuszczak, Marta Dziechciarska","doi":"10.2478/V10032-012-0019-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/V10032-012-0019-9","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The aim of this study was to determine changes in the content of flavonoids in fleshy scales of shallot bulbs in relation to different compositions of atmosphere during storage. Also antioxidant activity of the bulbs was determined. Bulbs of shallot cvs. Bonilla F1, Conservor F1 and Matador F1 were stored in two storage seasons at the normal atmosphere (NA) and controlled atmosphere (CA) of the 4 compositions: 5% CO2 + 5% O2, 5% CO2 + 2% O2, 2% CO2 + 5% O2, 2% CO2 + 2% O2. The temperature of storage was 0-1°C and RH 65%. Before and after 7-month storage the bulbs were examined in respect of flavonoids content and antioxidant activity (AA). Flavonoids were identified in methanolic extracts with HPLC, AA was determined with FRAP and DPPH assays. Three flavonoid compounds were identified in the plants extracts. Quercetin 3,4’ di-O-glucoside and quercetin 4’-glucoside (spiraeoside) were present in the highest amounts. CA conditions influenced content of flavonoids in the bulbs. The highest content after storage was observed at gas composition of 5% CO2 + 5% O2. Two major flavonoid compounds, quercetin 3,4’-di-O-glucoside and quercetin 4’-O-glucoside (spiraeoside) showed the increasing tendency, however not all changes were significant. No significant differences were observed between cultivars, but ‘Bonilla’ F1 showed slightly higher flavonoids content than the other ones. Investigated cultivars did not differ in respect of AA, measured both with DPPH and FRAP assay. There was no significant influence of storage conditions on DPPH level, while FRAP level was influenced significantly. Bulbs from 5% CO2 + 2% O2 composition were characterized by the highest FRAP values and the bulbs stored at normal atmosphere - by the lowest. Streszczenie Celem pracy było zbadanie zmian w zawartości flawonoidów w łuskach mięsistych cebul szalotki w zależności od składu gazowego atmosfery podczas przechowywania. Badano również aktywność antyoksydacyjną cebul. Cebule szalotki odmian ‘Bonilla’ F1 ‘Conservor’ F1 i ‘Matador’ F1 przechowywano w dwóch sezonach przechowalniczych w atmosferze normalnej (NA) oraz kontrolowanej (CA) o czterech składach gazowych: 5% CO2 + 5% O2, 5% CO2 + 2% O2, 2% CO2 + 5% O2, 2% CO2 + 2% O2. Temperatura przechowywania była utrzymywana na poziomie 0-1°C, a wilgotność względna powietrza 65%. Przed przechowywaniem i po 7 miesiącach przechowywania oznaczano zawartość flawonoidów i aktywność antyoksydacyjną (AA). Flawonoidy identyfikowano w ekstraktach metanolowych przy pomocy HPLC. AA określano przy pomocy metod FRAP oraz DPPH. W ekstraktach zidentyfikowano cztery związki z grupy flawonoidów. W największych ilościach występowały 3,4’di-O-glucozyd kwercetyny oraz 4’glucozyd kwercetyny (spiraeozyd). Warunki CA wpłynęły na zawartość flawonoidów w cebulach. Największą zawartość stwierdzono po przechowaniu w atmosferze o składzie 5% CO2 + 5% O2. Dwa główne związki flawonoidowe, 3,4’di-Oglucozyd kwercetyny oraz 4’glucozyd kwercetyny, wykazywały ten","PeriodicalId":15757,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research","volume":"289 1","pages":"101 - 111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82212283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production of synseed for hybrid Cymbidium using protocorm-like bodies.","authors":"J. Silva","doi":"10.2478/V10290-012-0023-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/V10290-012-0023-7","url":null,"abstract":"Synthetic seed were produced from protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) of hybrid Cymbidium Twilight Moon ‘Day Light’ after culture on a new medium, Teixeira Cymbidium (TC) medium. This new medium contained, in addition to a unique selection of macroand micronutrients, 0.1 mg/l α-naphthaleneacetic acid and 0.1 mg/l kinetin, 2 g/l tryptone and 20 g/l sucrose, and was solidified with 8 g/l Bacto agar. Several explant types and sizes (intact PLBs, half-PLBs, PLB longitudinal thin cell layers) were tested. In addition, pretreatment of PLB-synseeds with 200 mM KNO3 solution, the addition of activated charcoal or coconut water to synseeds, light vs dark culture, short-term (1 month) and long-term (6 and 12 months) low-temperature (4°C) storage, as well as cryostorage were also tested. All treatments resulted in less PLBs than the control treatment. Among all these treatments, only the use of TC medium or incorporation of coconut water into synseeds resulted in “germination” while lowtemperature storage (1-6 months) was only possible under liquid TC. These results would allow for the short-term preservation of Cymbidium germplasm but not for effective cryopreservation.","PeriodicalId":15757,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research","volume":"114 1","pages":"135-146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77029051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in the Roots of Strawberry Plants Fertilized with Organic Bioproducts","authors":"A. Lisek, Lidia Sas Paszt, B. Sumorok","doi":"10.2478/V10032-012-0012-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/V10032-012-0012-3","url":null,"abstract":"Summary In organic farming, mineral fertilizers are replaced by various preparations to stimulate plant growth and development. Introduction of new biopreparations into horticultural production requires an assessment of their effects on the growth and yielding of plants. Among the important indicators of the impact on plants of beneficial microorganisms contained in bioproducts is determination of their effectiveness in stimulating the growth and yielding of plants. Moreover, confirmation of the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in the roots and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in the rhizosphere is also necessary. In addition to conventional methods, molecular biology techniques are increasingly used to allow detection and identification of AM fungi in plant roots. The aim of this study was identification and initial taxonomic classification of AM fungi in the roots of ‘Elkat’ strawberry plants fertilized with various biopreparations using the technique of nested PCR. Tests were performed on DNA obtained from the roots of ‘Elkat’ strawberry plants: not fertilized, treated with 10 different biopreparations, or fertilized with NPK. Amplification of the large subunit of ribosomal gene (LSU rDNA) was carried out using universal primers, and then, in the nested PCR reaction, primers specific for the fungi of the genera Glomus, Acaulospora, and Scutellospora were used. Colonization of strawberry roots by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was determined on the basis of the presence of DNA fragments of a size corresponding to the types of the fungi tested for. As a result of the analyses, the most reaction products characterizing AM fungi were found in the roots of plants treated with the preparation Florovit Eko. The least fragments characteristic of AM fungi were detected in the roots of plants fertilized with NPK, which confirms the negative impact of mineral fertilizers on the occurrence of mycorrhizal fungi in the roots of strawberry plants. The roots of plants fertilized with Tytanit differed from the control plants by the presence of one of the clusters of fungi of the genus Glomus and by the absence of a cluster of fungi of the genus Scutellospora. In the roots of plants treated with other biopreparations there were reaction products indicating the presence of fungi of the genera Glomus, Scutellospora and Acaulospora, like in the roots of the control plants. The results will be used to assess the suitability of microbiologically enriched biopreparations in horticultural production. Streszczenie W rolnictwie ekologicznym stosuje się preparaty stymulujące wzrost i rozwój roślin, co zastępuje nawożenie mineralne. Wprowadzanie nowych biopreparatów do produkcji ogrodniczej wymaga oceny ich wpływu na wzrost i plonowanie roślin. Ważnym wskaźnikiem oddziaływania bioproduktów jest określenie obecności w korzeniach roślin arbuskularnych grzybów mikoryzowych (AMF). Do wykrywania grzybów AMF w korzeniach roślin, oprócz metod konwencjonalny","PeriodicalId":15757,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"17 - 27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73006027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synanthropic Orchard Flora in West Mazovia – Central Poland","authors":"J. Lisek","doi":"10.2478/v10290-012-0017-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/v10290-012-0017-5","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Research on synanthropic flora was conducted in the orchards of central Poland (near Skierniewice, Łowicz and Grójec). In the 2007-2010 time period, 390 phytosociological releves were taken, which included herbicide fallow under trees, swarm of inter-rows, tillage places, trodden and rutty places, roadsides, boundary stripes and drainage ditches. In the examined orchards the occurrence of 186 species belonging to 39 botanical families was noted. The most numerously represented were: Asteraceae (21%), Poaceae (15%), Brassicacea (8%) and Fabaceae (7%). In the examined orchards, 60% of the found species occurred occasionally or rarely. Those species which were found at the 15% level were: Equisetum arvense, Polygonum aviculare, Chenopodium album, Amaranthus retroflexus, Stellaria media, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Convolvulus arvensis, Viola arvensis, Epilobium adenocaulon, Conyza canadensis, Taraxacum officinale, Poa annua, and Echinochloa crus-galli. All of these species which occurred at the 15% level were most frequently noted in the herbicide fallow and were recognised as the most significant orchard weeds. The most numerous group in the examined orchards was made up of the therophytes (50%), which predominated over hemicryptophytes (31%) and geophytes (10%). Apophytes - native species (59%) predominated over archeophytes (33%) and kenophytes (8%). Within the vascular flora of the examined orchards, those which were predominant were the segetal species (26%), ruderal species (21%) and meadow species (19%). Streszczenie W sadach w centralnej Polsce w okolicy Skierniewic, Łowicza i Grójca badano florę synantropijną. W latach 2007-2010 wykonano 390 zdjęć fitosocjologicznych obejmujących ugór herbicydowy pod koronami drzew, murawę międzyrzędzi, ugór mechaniczny, uwrocia i miejsca wydeptywane, przydroża (pobocza dróg wewnętrznych), przypłocia i rowy melioracyjne W badanych sadach zarejestrowano występowanie 186 gatunków, należących do 39 rodzin botanicznych, z których najliczniejsze były Asteraceae (21%), Poaceae (15%), Brassicaceae (8%) i Fabaceae (7%). Spośród gatunków znalezionych w badanych sadach 60% występowało okazjonalnie lub rzadko. 15% gatunków, między innymi Equisetum arvense, Polygonum aviculare, Chenopodium album, Amaranthus retroflexus, Stellaria media, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Convolvulus arvensis, Viola arvensis, Epilobium adenocaulon, Conyza canadensis, Taraxacum officinale, Poa annua, Echinochloa crus-galli, występowało często lub bardzo często, przede wszystkim w ugorze herbicydowym i uznano je za najważniejsze chwasty sadów. Najliczniejszą grupę analizowanej flory stanowiły terofity (50%), które przeważały nad hemikryptofitami (31%) i geofitami (10%). Apofity - gatunki rodzime (59%) przeważały nad archeofitami (33%) i kenofitami (8%). Wśród flory naczyniowej badanych sadów przeważały gatunki segetalne (26%), ruderalne (21%) i łąkowe (19%)","PeriodicalId":15757,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"71 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75192001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Cultivars and Sowing Date in Control of Broad Bean Weevil (Bruchus Rufimanus Boh.) in Organic Cultivation","authors":"A. Szafirowska","doi":"10.2478/V10032-012-0013-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/V10032-012-0013-2","url":null,"abstract":"Summary During 2010-2011 the studies were conducted on the cultivation of three broad bean cultivars Windsor Biały, Makler and Bartom with organic and conventional method. The aim of research was to determine the influence of cultivar and sowing date on the seed damage caused by broad bean weevil and on the total seed yield. Seeds were sown on April 10 and 20th. At the harvest the yield was divided into following grades: marketable, small seeds, damaged by Bruchus rufimanus Boh. and diseased. Plants selected on each plot were examined towards the relation between plant architecture and seed damage. The effect of applied treatments on seed yield and damage was found. The lowest percentage of injured seeds presented cv. Makler irrespectively on sowing date and growing method. The differences were proved statistically. Delay of sowing restricted the percent of damaged seeds but also decreased the yield in both growing methods. Cluster located at upper parts of a plant contained lower amount of damaged seeds. Streszczenie W latach 2010-2011 prowadzono doświadczenia nad uprawą trzech odmian bobu Windsor Biały, Makler i Bartom metodą ekologiczną i konwencjonalną. Celem badań była ocena wpływu odmiany oraz terminu siewu na wysokość plonu oraz stopień zasiedlenia nasion przez chrząszcze strąkowca bobowego. Nasiona wysiewano 10 i 20 kwietnia. Podczas zbioru plon dzielono na frakcje: nasiona handlowe, małe, uszkodzone przez strąkowca oraz chore. Prowadzono obserwacje wybranych pojedynczych roślin dla stwierdzenia stopnia uszkodzeń w zależności od morfologii rośliny. Stwierdzono wpływ badanych czynników na stopień uszkodzenia nasion przez strąkowca oraz na plon i jego strukturę. Najmniej uszkodzonych nasion znaleziono u odmiany Makler, niezależnie od terminu siewu i metody uprawy. Różnice udowodniono statystycznie. Opóźnianie terminu siewu ograniczało procent nasion uszkodzonych przez strąkowca, ale jednocześnie zmniejszało wysokość plonu, w obu metodach uprawy. Grona usytuowane w wyższych partiach roślin zawierały nasiona mniej uszkodzone przez strąkowca.","PeriodicalId":15757,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research","volume":"55 41 1","pages":"29 - 36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81417621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synanthropic Flora of Strawberry Plantations and Their Surroundings","authors":"J. Lisek","doi":"10.2478/V10032-012-0020-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/V10032-012-0020-3","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Research on synanthropic flora was conducted on the strawberry plantations in Central Poland (surroundings of Skierniewice). In 2007-2010, 104 phytosociological releves were taken on plantations - in herbicide fallow, tillage places, and mulched places. The same number of releves was taken in surroundings of plantations - trodden and rutty places and roadsides. In the plantations examined, the occurrence of 127 species belonging to 30 botanical families was noted, out of which Asteraceae (17%), Poaceae (15%), Brassicacea (11%), Fabaceae (9%) and Polygonaceae (8%) were represented most numerously. 61% of species found in the plantations occurred occasionally or rarely. 21%, among others Equisetum arvense, Polygonum aviculare, Chenopodium album, Amaranthus retroflexus, Stellaria media, Capsella bursapastoris, Geranium pusillum, Convolvulus arvensis, Viola arvensis, Galinsoga parviflora, Cirsium arvense, Taraxacum officinale, Poa annua, Echinochloa crus-galli, occurred frequently or very frequently in the herbicide fallow and tillage places. They were recognised as the most significant strawberry weeds. The most numerous group in the plantations constituted of therophytes (64%), which predominated over hemicryptophytes (20%) and geophytes (11%). Apophytes - native species (48%) predominated over archeophytes (39%) and kenophytes (9%). Within the vascular flora of the plantations examined, segetal species (43%), ruderal species (20%) and meadow species (14%) were predominant. Among the 48 species noted in the plantation surroundings therophytes (48%) predominated over hemicryptophytes (35%) and geophytes (13%). In trodden and rutty places and roadsides, apophytes (60%) predominated over archeophytes (25%) and kenophytes (15%). Ruderal species (50%) were more numerous than meadow species (15%) and segetal species (8%). Streszczenie Badania flory synantropijnej prowadzono na plantacjach truskawek w centralnej Polsce (okolice Skierniewic). W latach 2007-2010, na plantacjach wykonano 104 zdjęcia fitosocjologiczne, obejmujące ugór herbicydowy, ugór mechaniczny i powierzchnie ściółkowane. Taka samą liczbę zdjęć wykonano w bezpośrednim otoczeniu plantacji, na uwrociach, w miejscach wydeptywanych i na przydrożach. Na badanych plantacjach zarejestrowano występowanie 127 gatunków, należących do 30 rodzin botanicznych, z których najliczniej były reprezentowane Asteraceae (17%), Poaceae (15%), Brassicacea (11%), Fabaceae (8%) i Polygonaceae (8%). 61% spośród gatunków znalezionych na plantacjach występowało okazjonalnie lub rzadko. 21% gatunków, między innymi Equisetum arvense, Polygonum aviculare, Chenopodium album, Amaranthus retroflexus, Stellaria media, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Geranium pusillum, Convolvulus arvensis, Viola arvensis, Galinsoga parviflora, Cirsium arvense, Taraxacum officinale, Poa annua, Echinochloa crus-galli występowało często lub bardzo często, zarówno w ugorze herbicydowym jak i mechanicznym. Uznano je za najważniejsze chwasty tru","PeriodicalId":15757,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research","volume":"72 1","pages":"113 - 127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88129368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interaction Between Salt Stress and Angular Leaf Spot (pseudomonas syringae pv lachrymans) in Cucumber","authors":"J. Chojak, E. Kuźniak, Urszula Świercz, J. Sekulska-Nalewajko, J. Gocławski","doi":"10.2478/V10032-012-0011-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/V10032-012-0011-4","url":null,"abstract":"Summary We studied the effects of sequentially applied salt stress and Pseudomonas syringae pv lachrymans (Psl) infection in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Infection development, shoot and root growth potential, the concentrations of chlorophyll and proline as well as electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation and H2O2 production were determined. Cucumber plants were first exposed to salt stress and irrigated for seven days with 50 or 100 mM NaCl and thereafter inoculated by Psl. Abiotic stress compromised the defence response to pathogen and disease severity was the highest in 100 mM NaCl-treated plants. The reduced performance of salinized plants under biotic stress could be related to salt stressinduced plant growth inhibition with leaf expansion being the most sensitive to salinity, decreased chlorophyll content, increased electrolyte leakage and prolonged H2O2 accumulation in leaves implying perturbations in redox homeostasis. The response of NaCl-treated and control plants to bacterial infection differed in terms of H2O2 generation and lipid peroxidation. This study confirmed that proline is an important component of local and systemic responses to salt stress and infection. The results contribute to our knowledge of the nature of plant response to a combination of abiotic and biotic stresses Streszczenie W pracy badano efekty sekwencyjnego działania stresu solnego i infekcji Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans (Psl) u ogórka (Cucumis sativus). Analizowano rozwój infekcji, wzrost pędu i korzeni, stężenie chlorofilu i proliny oraz wyciek elektrolitów, peroksydację lipidów i generowanie H2O2. Rośliny ogórka poddawano stresowi solnemu, podlewając je przez siedem dni roztworem NaCl o stężeniu 50 mM lub 100 mM, a następnie zakażano zawiesiną bakterii Psl. Stres abiotyczny osłabiał odpowiedź obronną ogórka na infekcję. Największe nasilenie choroby stwierdzono u roślin traktowanych wcześniej 100 mM NaCl. Słabsze funkcjonowanie roślin zasolonych NaCl w warunkach stresu biotycznego mogło być spowodowane negatywnymi skutkami stresu solnego w postaci zahamowania wzrostu, a zwłaszcza rozwoju blaszki liściowej, obniżenia stężenia chlorofilu, zwiększenia wycieku elektrolitów i wydłużonego w czasie gromadzenia H2O2 w liściach, wskazującego na zaburzenia homeostazy redoks. Różnice w odpowiedzi roślin kontrolnych i traktowanych NaCl na infekcję bakteryjną dotyczyły generowania H2O2 i peroksydacji lipidów. Badania potwierdziły, że prolina jest ważnym elementem lokalnej i systemicznej odpowiedzi na stres solny i infekcję. Uzyskane wyniki poszerzają naszą wiedzę na temat odpowiedzi roślin na stres abiotyczny i biotyczny, działające w połączeniu","PeriodicalId":15757,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research","volume":"25 1","pages":"5 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88421090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of organic and inorganic nitrogen on growth, yield and quality of Sapota ‘Kalipatti’","authors":"Varu Devashi","doi":"10.2478/v10290-012-0005-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/v10290-012-0005-9","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT An experiment was conducted to study the effect of organic and inorganic nitrogen in the form of urea and castor cake on the growth, yielding and fruit quality of sapota trees. Nitrogen in the form of urea significantly influenced the vegetative growth of the trees. The greatest tree height (7.26 m), tree spread (8.11 m in N-S and 8.13 m in E-W directions), fruit weight (63.65 g), the number of fruit per tree (2627.56) and fruit yield per tree (163.30 kg) were obtained with the application of 900 g N/tree in the form of urea. However, that was found on a par with the application of 900 g N/tree in which 50% N was from urea and 50% from castor cake. Total sugars and reducing sugars content in fruit was found the highest in the 900 g N/tree treatment in which 25% N was from urea and 75% N from castor cake. STRESZCZENIE Celem doświadczenia było zbadanie wpływu azotu organicznego i nieorganicznego w postaci mocznika i wytłoków rycynowych na wzrost, plonowanie i jakość owoców sączyńca. Azot w formie mocznika istotne wpłynął na wzrost wegetatywny drzew. Największą wysokość drzew (7,26 m), rozpiętość drzew (8,11 m w kierunku N-S i 8,13 m w kierunku E-W), masę owoców (63,65 g), liczbę owoców na drzewo (2627,56) i plon owoców na drzewo (163.30 kg) otrzymano przy nawożeniu dawką 900 g N/drzewo w postaci mocznika. Podobne wyniki uzyskano przy nawożeniu taką samą dawką azotu, w której 50% N pochodziło z mocznika a 50% N z wytłoków rycynowych. Najwyższą zawartość cukrów ogółem i cukrów redukujących w owocach stwierdzono po zastosowaniu dawki 900 g N/drzewo, w której 25% N pochodziło z mocznika a 75% z wytłoków rycynowych.","PeriodicalId":15757,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research","volume":"90 1","pages":"55 - 64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83776331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nine year results of growth and yielding estimation of six scab-resistant apple cultivars grafted on three dwarfing rootstocks in integrated fruit production","authors":"A. Czynczyk","doi":"10.2478/v10290-012-0002-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/v10290-012-0002-z","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT During the nine years (2002-2010) 6 apple cultivars, scab-resistant or partially resistant to apple scab: ‘Bohemia’, ‘Topaz’, ‘Rubinola’, ‘Goldstar’, ‘Pinova’ and ‘Redkroft’ grafted on 3 dwarfing rootstock: M.9, P 22 and P 60, were tested at the Experimental Orchard in Dąbrowice with integrated fruit production. The susceptibility to apple canker (Nectria sp.), apple scab and powdery mildew, as well as growth, yielding, fruit quality and damage by pests were observed. After 9 years, the highest number of infected trees, on trunks and branches, were observed on the cultivars: ‘Topaz’, ‘Bohemia’, and ‘Redkroft’. All the cultivars grafted on P 60 rootstocks formed the largest trees, whereas on P 22 the smallest. The highest yields were obtained from all the cultivars grown on P 60 and the smallest on P 22. The cropping efficiency index was the highest for: ‘Bohemia’, ‘Rubinola’, ‘Goldstar’ and ‘Pinova’ on P 22. ‘Topaz’ had the highest cropping efficiency on P 60 and ‘Redkroft’ on M.9 and P 60. In the last three years (2008-2010), the effect of rootstock on fruit quality was minimal and not significant. Apple scab and powdery mildew, and some important pests, were not observed after applying on integrated system of spraying. The apple cultivars: ‘Bohemia’, ‘Rubinola’, ‘Topaz ‘and ‘Redkroft’ are the most promising for processing and amateur orchards with the integrated system of management. The cultivars: ‘Pinova’ and ‘Goldstar’ should not be recommended for growing on light soil in the integrated system of production. The fruits of ‘Goldstar’ are susceptible to bitter pit. STRESZCZENIEW okresie 9 lat (2002-2010) 6 parchoodpornych lub częściowo odpornych na parcha odmian jabłoni: Bohemia, Rubinola, Topaz, Goldstar, Pinova i Redkroft szczepionych na 3 słabo rosnących podkładkach: M.9, P 22 i P 60 badano w Sadzie Doświadczalnym w Dąbrowicach w doświadczeniu z integrowaną produkcja owoców. Badaniami objęto podatność jabłoni na porażenie przez raka jabłoni (Nectria sp.), parcha i mączniaka jabłoni, oraz siłę wzrostu, owocowanie i jakość owoców, a także porażenie owoców przez najważniejsze szkodniki jabłoni. Po 9 latach wzrostu najsilniej porażone przez raka jabłoni były drzewa ‘Topaz’, ‘Redkroft’ i ‘Bohemia’, a nie porażone były drzewa ‘Pinova’. Najsilniejszym wzrostem odznaczały się wszystkie odmiany szczepione na P 60, a najsłabszym na P 22. Najwyższą sumę plonów zebrano z badanych odmian na P 60, a najniższą na P 22. Najwyższy wskaźnik plenności miały odmiany Bohemia, Rubinola, Goldstar i Pinova na P 22, a Topaz i Redkroft na P 60. W ostatnich trzech latach (2008-2010) wpływ podkładek na masę owoców i wielkość rumieńca był nieistotny. Przy stosowaniu integrowanego programu ochrony nie obserwowano występowania objawów parcha i mączniaka jabłoni, a także żerowania ważniejszych szkodników jabłoni. Po 9 latach obserwacji (2002- 2010) odmiany Rubinola, Topaz, ‘Bohemia i Redkroft są najbardziej przydatne do integrowanej uprawy w sadach przydomowych ","PeriodicalId":15757,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research","volume":"09 1","pages":"21 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84890575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}