Journal of ethnopharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Study on the effect of wine processing on the anti-thrombotic activity of Salvia miltiorrhiza","authors":"Guoxin Pei ,&nbsp;Liru Wang ,&nbsp;Chunguo Yang ,&nbsp;Lili Xu ,&nbsp;Wei Li ,&nbsp;Weiliang Cui ,&nbsp;Huifen Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jep.2026.121325","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jep.2026.121325","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Ethnopharmacological relevance</h3><div><em>Salvia miltiorrhiza</em> (SM) is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to treat thrombotic diseases. The wine processed <em>Salvia miltiorrhiza</em> (WSM) is believed to enhance blood circulation and stasis removal, thereby augmenting its the therapeutic effects on thrombus.</div><div>Aim of the study: To study the effect of wine processing on the anti-thrombotic activity of SM.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>The rat carotid artery thrombosis model induced by FeCl₃ was established. The antithrombotic effects of tanshinone extract and total phenolic acid extract from raw SM and WSM were compared. Indicators, including blood flow velocity, bleeding time, thrombus weight, thrombus formation inhibition rate, thrombus dissolution rate, platelet aggregation rate, and levels of thrombotic markers (TM, TAT, PAI), were measured. Network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques were employed to screen the main active anti-thrombotic components of SM. The anti-thrombotic effects of the primary active components were evaluated using a phenylhydrazine-induced thrombosis model in zebrafish.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The wine processed tanshinone extract significantly improved the reduced blood flow velocity induced by thrombosis, inhibited thrombus formation, dissolved thrombi, and decreased the dry weight of thrombi, with effects that were dose-dependent. After wine processing, SM extracts demonstrated enhanced antiplatelet aggregation activity and increased capacity to reduce TAT and PAI levels, while showing diminished ability to decrease TM content. The tanshinone extract exhibited superior efficacy compared to the total phenolic acid extract. Network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques were used to screen and identify seven primary antithrombotic components in SM. Zebrafish experiments further confirmed that tanshinone I exhibited the highest thrombus formation inhibition rate in a dose-dependent manner.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Wine processing can enhance the anti-thrombotic effects of SM. The tanshinone extract exhibits superior efficacy compared to the total phenolic acid extract. Among the active constituents, tanshinone I shows the most potent anti-thrombotic activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ethnopharmacology","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 121325"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146131932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guilu Erxian Glue combined with Wuzi Yanzong Pill attenuates granulosa cell apoptosis and ameliorates cyclophosphamide-induced diminished ovarian reserve via the lncRNA NEAT1/miR-204-5p/ESR1 axis","authors":"Li Dong ,&nbsp;Meng Cui ,&nbsp;Xin Xin ,&nbsp;Fanghua Qi ,&nbsp;Yuqi Wang ,&nbsp;Pingping Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.jep.2026.121281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jep.2026.121281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Ethnopharmacological relevance</h3><div>As classical traditional Chinese formulas used to tonify the Kidney and replenish essence, Guilu Erxian Glue and Wuzi Yanzong Pill have long been applied to improve reproductive function. However, their major bioactive components and the underlying mechanisms of action remain poorly defined.</div></div><div><h3>Aim of the study</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate whether the combination of Guilu Erxian Glue and Wuzi Yanzong Pill (EWCD) ameliorates cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) by inhibiting granulosa cell (GC) apoptosis via regulation of the lncRNA NEAT1/miR-204-5p/ESR1 axis, and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms further.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>The chemical components of EWCD were identified by liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS), followed by target prediction based on network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses. A CTX-induced DOR rat model was established in vivo, and animals were treated with different doses of EWCD or estrogen-progesterone. Estrous cycle characteristics, ovarian morphology, GC apoptosis, serum sex hormone levels, and the expression of NEAT1/miR-204-5p/ESR1 axis-related factors, steroidogenic enzymes (CYP19A1 and StAR), and MAPK signaling proteins were evaluated. In vitro, KGN cell injury was induced using 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HC). The effects of EWCD-containing serum and si-NEAT1 transfection on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and target gene expression were subsequently assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>LC-HRMS identified 51 chemical constituents in EWCD. Network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses suggested that key constituents of EWCD may interact with ESR1 and modulate the MAPK signaling pathway. In vivo, EWCD significantly improved ovarian function and histological architecture in CTX-induced DOR rats and reduced GC apoptosis. These effects were associated with regulation of the NEAT1/miR-204-5p/ESR1 axis, activation of the MAPK pathway, and enhanced estradiol biosynthesis. Consistently, in vitro experiments demonstrated that EWCD-containing serum alleviated 4-HC- and si-NEAT1-induced dysfunction in KGN cells by restoring proliferation capacity and inhibiting apoptosis in a NEAT1/miR-204-5p/ESR1 axis-dependent manner.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>EWCD protects against CTX-induced ovarian damage by activating the MAPK signaling pathway through modulation of the NEAT1/miR-204-5p/ESR1 axis, thereby inhibiting GC apoptosis and promoting estradiol synthesis. These findings provide mechanistic evidence supporting the therapeutic potential of EWCD for the treatment of DOR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ethnopharmacology","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 121281"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146093285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From structure to safety: Material characterization and toxicological evaluation of Vanshlochan (Bambusa bambos (L.) voss [Poaceae]) using AI-assisted and In vivo approaches","authors":"Bhavna Bohra ,&nbsp;Bhoomika Yadav ,&nbsp;Devendra Kumar ,&nbsp;Bhagawati Saxena","doi":"10.1016/j.jep.2026.121266","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jep.2026.121266","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Ethnopharmacological relevance</h3><div>Vanshlochan (<em>Bambusa bambos</em> (L.) Voss [Poaceae]) is a natural silica-rich exudate traditionally used in Ayurveda for respiratory diseases, inflammation, general debility, and bone-related disorders. Despite its long-standing traditional use, the physicochemical attributes and systemic safety of Vanshlochan have not been rigorously evaluated, limiting evidence-based validation.</div></div><div><h3>Aim of the study</h3><div>To characterize the elemental, structural, and surface chemistry of Vanshlochan and assess its safety using integrated AI-assisted toxicity prediction and OECD-compliant <em>in vivo</em> toxicological studies.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Microscopic, physicochemical, and phytochemical analyses were conducted in accordance with Ayurvedic Pharmacopeial standards. Material characterizations involved ICP-OES, FTIR, XRD, TGA/DTA, and XPS. Toxicity profiling included <em>in silico</em> prediction using ProTox-II and acute (OECD 420) and subacute (OECD 407) oral toxicity studies in Wistar rats with appropriate controls.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>ICP-OES identified silica as the dominant element with traces of Ca, Mg, K, and Fe. FTIR and XRD indicated an amorphous silicate matrix, while XPS showed SiO₂, silicon oxycarbide, and aluminosilicate species. Vanshlochan exhibited high thermal stability up to 1200 °C. ProTox-II predicted low toxicity, which was consistent with <em>in vivo</em> findings showing no mortality, behavioural abnormalities, or organ-specific pathological changes. The no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) exceeded 2000 mg/kg/day.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study provides the first comprehensive structural and toxicological evaluation of Vanshlochan, confirming its physicochemical stability, biocompatibility, and systemic safety. These findings scientifically substantiate its traditional Ayurvedic use and support its safe application as a crude herbal material or nutraceutical ingredient.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ethnopharmacology","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 121266"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146097051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating transcriptomics and metabolomics to explore the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of Zhushagen-Shandougen herb pair on chronic pharyngitis","authors":"Yun Chen ,&nbsp;Hui Shi ,&nbsp;Zhou-Jie Yang ,&nbsp;Xiong-wei Liu ,&nbsp;Li-Yan zhang ,&nbsp;Xiu Dong ,&nbsp;Xing-Yan Ma ,&nbsp;Ying Zhou ,&nbsp;Ting-Ting Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.jep.2026.121291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jep.2026.121291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Ethnopharmacological relevance</h3><div><em>Ardisia crenata</em> Sims (Zhushagen) and <em>Sophora tonkinensis</em> Gagnep. (Shandougen), core components of Kaihoujian Spray, are used in Miao medicine to treat chronic pharyngitis (CP), but their mechanisms remain unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Aim of the study</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of Zhushagen, Shandougen, and their combination (Zhushagen-Shandougen) on CP, and to elucidate the pharmacological mechanisms via serum metabolomics and pharyngeal mucosa transcriptomics.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A rat model of chronic pharyngitis was induced by ammonium hydroxide administration. Therapeutic effects were evaluated via behavioral assessment, histopathological examination, and ELISA for inflammatory cytokines. For mechanism exploration, transcriptomic analysis of pharyngeal mucosa and metabolomic analysis of serum were performed in rats. Correlation analysis was used to integrate transcriptomic and metabolomic data, and a core regulatory network was constructed based on key genes, metabolites, and pathways. Potential targets were validated by immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>All treatments dose-dependently ameliorated CP symptoms, reduced the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, PGE2, and TNF-α, increased IL-10, and alleviated mucosal lesions, with the combination being the most potent. In omics analyses, 32 differential metabolites and 121 differential mRNAs were identified. KEGG enrichment showed that differential metabolites were primarily involved in riboflavin and glutathione metabolism, while differential mRNAs were enriched in the MAPK and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. RT-qPCR validation of 9 genes confirmed the transcriptomic results; notably, the mRNA expressions of <em>p38</em>, <em>erk1/2</em>, <em>pi3k</em>, and <em>akt</em> were altered. Immunohistochemistry further confirmed changes in the protein levels of p38, ERK1/2, and Akt, as well as the activations of p38 and PI3K, validating the omics findings.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Zhushagen, Shandougen, and Zhushagen-Shandougen exert therapeutic effects on CP. The present study found that Zhushagen-Shandougen may suppress the PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways, thus alleviating ammonium hydroxide-induced CP. The elucidated mechanism provides a significant theoretical foundation and a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of CP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ethnopharmacology","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 121291"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146137569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Camellia japonica hyperoside exhibits anti-age-related macular degeneration effects in an ARPE-19 cell model by inhibiting apoptosis via JNK-Nrf2/HO-1 activation","authors":"Seung-Yub Song ,&nbsp;Duc Dat Le ,&nbsp;Mina Lee ,&nbsp;Seung-Sik Cho ,&nbsp;Dae-Hun Park","doi":"10.1016/j.jep.2026.121305","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jep.2026.121305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Ethnopharmacological relevance</h3><div><em>Camellia japonica</em> is recognized for its edible and therapeutic value in East Asia, and has anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antiasthmatic properties. However, the active compound and the modes of action are unclear.</div><div><em>Aim of the study</em>: To evaluate the anti-AMD effect of hyperoside isolated from the leaves and twigs of <em>Camellia japonica</em> and to explore the underlying mechanisms using an ARPE-19 AMD cell model.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>The hyperoside content in the extracts was evaluated using feature-based molecular network and UHPLC-MS/MS system. Network pharmacology was used to predict the interactions of hyperoside with AMD-related signaling pathways and the underlying mechanisms. For <em>in vitro</em> evaluation of the anti-AMD effects, ARPE-19 cells were divided into six treatment groups: CON, no treatment; A2E, AMD induction using 30 μM A2E and 20 mW/cm² blue light treatment; Lutein, treatment with 25 μM lutein as a positive control; and three Hyperoside groups, treated with 37.5, 75, or 150 μM hyperoside. The antiapoptotic effect of hyperoside was evaluated using flow cytometry and TUNEL assays, and the intrinsic apoptotic pathway proteins (Bcl-xL, Bad, and Bim) were analyzed via western blotting. The interactions of hyperoside with JNK and p38 MAPKs were determined using western blotting, and molecular docking. The antioxidative effect of hyperoside was measured via DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays; Nrf2/HO-1 activation and SOD-1 stimulation were analyzed using western blotting and immunofluorescence assay. The anticarbonyl effect (4-HNE and MDA) was measured using western blotting.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Hyperoside was nontoxic to ARPE-19 cells up to 150 μM. It dose-dependently decreased A2E and blue light-induced AMD in ARPE-19 cells by upregulating the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein (Bcl-xL) and downregulating the proapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins (Bad and Bim). Hyperoside dephosphorylated JNK and p38 MAPKs in a dose-dependent manner, eradicated DPPH and ABTS radicals, and activated Nrf2/HO-1 and SOD-1. It also decreased the levels of 4-HNE and MDA.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>We conclude that <em>C. japonica</em> hyperoside could be a promising anti-AMD drug.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ethnopharmacology","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 121305"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146142557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Buyang Huanwu Decoction attenuates vascular aging by suppressing the pathway of neutrophil extracellular trap formation via modulation of the HMGB1/TLR4/p38 signaling pathway","authors":"Nan Xiao ,&nbsp;Jinsong Gao ,&nbsp;Yutong Yang ,&nbsp;Chenghui Li ,&nbsp;Xuejuan Shen ,&nbsp;Xiangyu Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaodie Chen ,&nbsp;Yanbin Pan ,&nbsp;Huiqun Huang ,&nbsp;Simin Yang ,&nbsp;Shuting Zeng ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Duan ,&nbsp;Yongan Deng ,&nbsp;Chengkai Chen ,&nbsp;Yixuan Huang ,&nbsp;Danping Huang ,&nbsp;Zunpeng Shu ,&nbsp;Li Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jep.2026.121315","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jep.2026.121315","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Ethnopharmacological relevance</h3><div>Vascular aging is a significant driver of age-related cardiovascular diseases, in which the immune-inflammatory response driven by excessive formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is a core process accelerating this progression. Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BHD) is a classic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula widely used for treating cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, but whether it acts through modulating NET-driven vascular aging is unknown.</div></div><div><h3>Aim of the study</h3><div>This study aims to investigate the mechanism by which BHD delays vascular aging, focusing on the NETs formation pathway.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Based on a D-galactose-induced aging mouse model, this study focused on neutrophils and combined transcriptomics, network pharmacology and molecular biology methods to explore the mechanism of BHD in delaying vascular aging.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The present study identified 23 major chemical constituents in BHD and demonstrated its efficacy in ameliorating aging phenotypes in a D-galactose-induced aging mouse model. BHD treatment significantly alleviated aortic structural degeneration, reduced oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokine levels, and downregulated key senescence markers including p16 and p21. Integrated multi-omics analysis implicated NET suppression as a primary mechanism underlying the anti-aging benefits of BHD. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments confirmed that BHD inhibits NETosis by modulating the HMGB1/TLR4/p38 signaling pathway, leading to reduced expression of critical NET components. Notably, HMGB1 overexpression partially reversed the inhibitory effects of BHD on NETosis, establishing HMGB1 as a key effector molecule.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>For the first time, our findings unveil a novel mechanism whereby BHD alleviates vascular aging by modulating the immune microenvironment through inhibition of the HMGB1–TLR4–p38–NETs cascade. These findings provide a novel immunomodulatory perspective on BHD and highlight its potential as a holistic therapeutic strategy against vascular aging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ethnopharmacology","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 121315"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146142575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the “homotherapy for heteropathy” mechanism of Danggui Shaoyao San in Alzheimer's disease and polycystic ovary syndrome via MAPK signaling pathway and metabolomics","authors":"Xin Fu ,&nbsp;Zhikun Zang ,&nbsp;Rong Ji ,&nbsp;Yang Yu ,&nbsp;Songquan Wu ,&nbsp;Zhibin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jep.2026.121360","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jep.2026.121360","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Ethnopharmacological relevance</h3><div>Danggui Shaoyao San (DSS), a classic TCM formula traditionally for gynecological diseases, shows promising efficacy in Alzheimer's disease (AD) per recent studies. It regulates metabolic disorders, which is a key feature of AD and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), yet the mechanism of its \"homotherapy for heteropathy\" across these diseases remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Aim of the study</h3><div>This study aimed to verify the therapeutic effects of DSS on both AD and PCOS, and explore its underlying mechanisms involving metabolic regulation, gut microbiota modulation, and the MAPK signaling pathway.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Materials and methods: AD models were established by Aβ_25-35 hippocampal injection, and PCOS models by testosterone propionate combined with high-fat diet. These models were validated via behavior tests and histopathology. Network pharmacology was used to predict DSS targets. Western blot and qPCR were employed to detect the activation status of the MAPK pathway. Metabolic assays and 16 S rRNA sequencing were applied to analyze metabolic indexes and gut microbiota structure.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>DSS inhibited overactivation of the MAPK pathway in both models, which is consistent with network pharmacology predictions. It restored lipid/steroid hormone homeostasis and increased the abundance of beneficial Lactobacillus in gut microbiota, while alleviating AD and PCOS pathological phenotypes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>DSS exerts \"homotherapy for heteropathy\" effects on AD and PCOS by synergistically regulating the MAPK pathway, metabolic balance, and gut microbiota, providing experimental evidence for its clinical application in these metabolically linked diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ethnopharmacology","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 121360"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146192004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Standards for vinegar-processed Corydalis Rhizoma: Integrating morphological, chemical, and pharmacological properties","authors":"Yafei Li ,&nbsp;Rui Tang ,&nbsp;Mingfang Zhao ,&nbsp;Bing Zhu ,&nbsp;Lei Chen ,&nbsp;Yu Ye ,&nbsp;Weihong Ge ,&nbsp;Weifeng Du","doi":"10.1016/j.jep.2026.121369","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jep.2026.121369","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Ethnopharmacological relevance&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Because vinegar-processed Corydalis Rhizoma from Zhejiang Province is considered an authentic medicinal material, its grade evaluation lacks a rational basis. This study combined traits with efficacy, following the principle of “determining quality based on properties” and enhancing the rationality and applicability of quality control.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Aim of the study&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;To establish a standardized grade standard for Zhejiang (ZJ) vinegar-processed Corydalis Rhizoma (VCR) by integrating its external properties, quality, and efficacy.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Materials and methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;First, based on existing standards, a preliminary classification of the external properties of ZJ VCR (Originating from Dongyang and Pan'an, Zhejiang Province, n = 80) was conducted. Second, trait evaluation indicators were established based on correlations among external properties. Third, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with chemometrics was used to screen the characteristic components of the processing. Subsequently, in vivo and in vitro experiments were conducted to evaluate the analgesic and immunomodulatory activities of different specifications of ZJ VCR, and spectral efficacy analysis was used to establish the quality core components among the characteristic components of processing. Finally, based on the evaluation indicators of external properties and the core components of quality, a formula for evaluating the quality constant of traditional Chinese medicine was established to standardize the grade standards of ZJ VCR.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The weight and thickness of the ZJ VCR slices were significantly positively correlated with the diameter. Based on this, diameter could serve as a trait evaluation index and was divided into three categories: VCR (Ungraded samples), VCR (Diameter &lt;0.85 cm), and VCR (Diameter ≥0.85 cm). In addition to diameter, tetrahydropalmatine (THP) can serve as an index for content evaluation. Therefore, specifications with VCR (Diameter ≥0.85 cm) and a THP≥ 0.054% could be designated as a superior grade. The analgesic effect of high-quality products is relatively strong (weight loss rate: 17%; torsion: 21 times; MDA: 0.36 nmol/ml; E&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;: 1.70 pmol/ml; PGE&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;: 104 pg/ml). Additionally, the immunomodulatory activity is good (cell vitality 127%, cell inhibition rate −28%, DPPH EC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; = 2.582, NO 2.37 μmol, TLR4 activation EC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.004, and cytokine expression promotion, including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The evaluation method that combines external properties with active substances has enhanced the rationality of the classification of grades and specifications by the mass constant method of traditional Chinese medicine. The classification standard of ZJ VCR embodies the core concept of “judging the intrinsic quality based on the characteristics of the decoction piece","PeriodicalId":15761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ethnopharmacology","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 121369"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146192381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Banxia Baizhu Tianma Decoction attenuates obesity via regulating adipocyte-immune cell communication","authors":"Weipin Niu ,&nbsp;Denglu Zhang ,&nbsp;Huifei Zhang ,&nbsp;Lei Qi ,&nbsp;Dongli Wang ,&nbsp;Ling Gong ,&nbsp;Yuehua Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.jep.2026.121246","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jep.2026.121246","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Ethnopharmacological relevance</h3><div><em>Banxia Baizhu Tianma Decoction</em> (BBTD), a classical traditional Chinese medicine formula, is prescribed for phlegm-dampness syndromes, including cardiovascular dysfunction, hypertension and obesity. The precise molecular mechanisms underlying BBTD's anti-obesity effect against adipose tissue (AT) inflammation, however, remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Aim of the study</h3><div>In this study, we aimed to evaluate the anti-obesity effects of BBTD and investigate its underlying molecular mechanism.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>We induced obesity with a high-fat diet (HFD) and then used single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) to characterize the cellular landscape of cells from epididymal white adipose tissues (eWAT) of mice in Normal, Model and BBTD groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The Model group exhibited an aberrant increase in adipocyte size and lipid accumulation, alongside AT metabolic dysfunction. Administration of a high concentration of BBTD largely reversed these alterations. snRNA-seq of eWAT further revealed that HFD feeding promoted the accumulation of inflammatory factors and AT macrophages (ATMs), as well as complex adipocyte-macrophage communication. BBTD significantly attenuated AT inflammation by suppressing interleukin 7 receptor (IL-7R) positive LAMs infiltration and cell interactions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Here, we highlight the therapeutic potential of BBTD in anti-obesity through improving AT microenvironment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ethnopharmacology","volume":"361 ","pages":"Article 121246"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146025660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Total flavonoids isolated from Fructus Mume (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.) mitigate Parkinson's disease progression by promoting neuronal mitophagy via activation of the CaMKKβ/AMPK signaling pathway","authors":"Chunling Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaotao Feng ,&nbsp;Wentao Zhang ,&nbsp;Lizhen Huang ,&nbsp;Xiangdong Lu ,&nbsp;Mengjie Sun ,&nbsp;Mengyuan Gao ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Wen","doi":"10.1016/j.jep.2026.121244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jep.2026.121244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Ethnopharmacological relevance</h3><div><em>Fructus Mume</em> (FM) is derived from the nearly ripe fruit of <em>Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.</em>, and widely used as a traditional medicine in Asian countries. FM has the effect of calming Liver to stop endogenous Wind, and has been used for thousands of years in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD), as recorded in ancient formulas such as Wumei Pills. However, the specific mechanism by which it treats PD remains larger unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms by which the active ingredients of FM (<em>Fructus Mume</em> flavonoids, FMF) mitigate the progression of PD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We isolated FMF from FM and explored its chemical composition and active compound content. <em>In vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em> PD models were employed to investigate the alleviative effects of FMF on PD and its underlying mechanisms.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We identified 193 compounds and quantified 154 flavonoid compounds in the FMF. Six compounds were present at concentrations exceeding 100 μg/g, namely Isorhamnetin (1287.0639 μg/g), Narcissin (764.9639 μg/g), Nicotiflorin (613.8568 μg/g), Quercetin (435.5215 μg/g), Nepitrin (295.4833 μg/g), and Kaempferol (241.9767 μg/g). Moreover, FMF alleviated behavioral deficits in PD rats. FMF also inhibited the loss of neurons and the formation of α-synuclein aggregates, and promoted the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase in the substantia nigra pars compacta in PD rats. <em>In vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em> PD models demonstrated that autophagy inhibition significantly abolished the neuroprotective effects of FMF. Mechanically, FMF could enhance mitophagy to attenuate the mitochondrial dysfunction by activating the Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ)/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>FMF promotes neuronal mitophagy to exert the neuroprotective effects by activating the CaMKKβ/AMPK signaling pathway. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for the application of FM in the treatment of PD and promote the clinical application of FM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of ethnopharmacology","volume":"361 ","pages":"Article 121244"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146018736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}