Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation最新文献

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether regular treadmill exercise after traumatic brain injury (TBI) positively affects the regenerative environment in the motor cortex and hippocampus of the brain. Subjects were randomly divided into three groups: the normal control (Norm, n=8), the TBI+sedentary group (TBI+SED, n=8), and the TBI+ treadmill exercise group (TBI+Ex, n=8). Following a 2-week post-TBI recovery period, treadmill exercise was performed regularly for 4 weeks. The results showed that regular walking exercise after TBI increased the expression of growth associated protein-43 and tropomyosin receptor kinase-B, which are associated with neuronal survival, in both the motor cortex and hippocampus. The TBI+SED exhibited elevated glial fibrillary acidic protein and phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin signaling in both the motor cortex and hippocampus of the brain. In contrast, phosphorylated phosphatase and tensin homolog (p-PTEN) expression showed region-specific patterns: in the motor cortex, p-PTEN levels were higher in the TBI+SED than the Norm group and further increased following treadmill exercise, whereas in the hippocampus, p-PTEN expression decreased after TBI but was significantly elevated in the TBI+Ex group. These findings indicated that regular exercise after TBI might reduce glial scar formation and promote neural regeneration by elevating PTEN expression and inhibiting the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway.

Aging is accompanied by progressive impairments in mitochondrial bioenergetics, apoptosis regulation, and gut microbiota homeostasis, all of which contribute to cognitive decline. In this study, we investigated whether the effects of treadmill exercise on the gut microbiota-mitochondrion-neuronal plasticity axis differed between young (15 months) and old (28 months) mice. Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to the following groups: early sedentary, early exercise, late sedentary, or late exercise groups and completed an 8-week treadmill training protocol. Cognitive function was assessed using the passive avoidance test and the Morris water maze test. Hippocampal mitochondrial respiration, Ca²⁺ retention capacity, and Bax/Bcl-2 expression were quantified, and the gut microbiota composition was analyzed using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. Mice that did not exercise in old age exhibited memory impairment, decreased mitochondrial oxidative respiration, reduced Ca²⁺ retention, increased Bax expression, decreased Bcl-2 levels, and decreased abundance of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Akkermansia. Exercise significantly improved behavioral performance, mitochondrial function, and apoptosis balance, while also increasing beneficial gut microbiota. Notably, these effects were significantly greater in late-aged compared to early-aged mice. These results demonstrate that the efficacy of exercise in modulating the microbiota-mitochondrion-brain axis varies with age. Early-aged appears to represent a more responsive biological period during which exercise is more effective in improving mitochondrial integrity, microbiota composition, and cognitive resilience. These results suggest that initiating exercise early in the aging process may maximize neuroprotective effects and delay age-related functional decline.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of kinetic chain-based forward punch plus (FPP) exercise on scapular muscle activation between individuals with scapular dyskinesis (SD) and healthy controls. A total of 30 male participants were recruited, including 15 with SD and 15 healthy individuals. Muscle activation of the upper trapezius (UT), lower trapezius (LT), serratus anterior (SA), and gluteus maximus, as well as activation ratios, were measured during FPP and FPP with contralateral leg flexion. The healthy group demonstrated decreased UT activation accompanied by increased LT and SA activation, resulting in significantly reduced UT/SA and UT/LT ratios. In contrast, the SD group showed significant increases in SA and LT; however, compensatory activation of the UT prevented improvement in muscle activation balance. These findings highlight the need for targeted neuromuscular strategies to address compensatory UT activation in individuals with SD during kinetic chain-based movements.

The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of treadmill and swimming exercise on cell survival and reactive astrogliosis in the spinal cord and brain after spinal cord injury (SCI). Thirty-two male rats were randomly assigned to four groups: the normal group (Norm, n=8), the SCI+sedentary group (Seden, n=8), the SCI+treadmill exercise group (Tread, n=8), and the SCI+swimming exercise group (Swim, n=8). All rats in the SCI groups were allowed to recover for 2 weeks after injury, and then underwent 4 weeks of low-intensity treadmill and swimming exercise. In the spinal cord, both exercise interventions decreased the cavity formation around the injury, and significantly increased induction levels of growth associated protein-43, with greater improvements in the Tread group. In the motor cortex and hippocampus of the brain, the Tread group upregulated B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 and downregulated cleaved-caspase-3 and glial fibrillary acidic protein relative to the Seden group, indicating enhanced cell survival and reduced reactive astrogliosis in the injury site. Compared with swimming, treadmill exercise further improved tissue preservation and neural circuit-level recovery across the spinal cord, motor cortex, and hippocampus after SCI. Thus, our findings suggested evidence that treadmill exercise might be one of the rehabilitation strategies to support the spinal cord and brain after SCI.

This study examined the effects of kinesiology taping leggings on exercise performance and physiological responses during CrossFit training in women aged 20-30 years. A randomized crossover design was employed with 42 healthy participants. Each participant completed two 3-week training periods wearing either taping leggings or regular leggings, separated by a 2-week washout period. Sixteen variables, including strength, endurance, power, agility, balance, proprioception, functional movement, heart-rate variability, exercise satisfaction, and lower-limb circumference, were measured. Significant improvements were observed in isokinetic strength (148.25±12.45 to 151.78±12.38 N·m), joint-position sense (2.18°±0.65° to 1.95°±0.62°), exercise satisfaction (6.85±1.42 to 7.34±1.28), and edema reduction (31.5% decrease). Most other fitness variables showed improvement trends but were not statistically significant. Taping leggings provided selective but meaningful benefits in enhancing proprioception, improving subjective satisfaction, and reducing edema during CrossFit training.

Aging is associated with a progressive decline in both cognitive and physical function, and neuroinflammation and metabolic dysregulation often exacerbate this decline, particularly in older women. This study investigated the effects of a 12-week intermittent combined exercise program on cognitive function, physical performance, and neurophysiological biomarkers in community-dwelling women aged 75 years and older. Forty participants were recruited from a local welfare center and randomly assigned to an exercise group (n=20) or a control group (n=20). The exercise group participated in three supervised sessions per week that integrated aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, functional exercise, and cognitive exercise. Cognitive domains (attention, language, and memory) were assessed using the Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Test-II. Physical function was assessed using the Geriatric Physical Fitness Test (chair stand, arm flexion, grip strength, and 6-min walk). Blood samples were analyzed to measure serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), interleukin (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG). Paired and independent t-tests were performed to evaluate pre- and posttest differences (α=0.05). After 12 weeks, the exercise group significantly improved memory (P<0.05), lower upper-body muscle strength, grip strength, and walking endurance. Serum BDNF significantly increased (P<0.01), and IL-6, TNF-α, LDL-C, and TG decreased (P<0.05). HDL-C levels also significantly increased (P<0.05). Intermittent combined exercise significantly improved cognitive and physical function and favorably modulated neurotrophic, inflammatory, and metabolic biomarkers in very elderly women.

This study investigated the effects of 4-week and 8-week moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on body composition and markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in middle-aged obese Hispanic females, with a particular focus on assessing these changes independently of fat mass reduction. A total of 35 participants were randomly assigned to either an exercise group or a control group for an eight-week intervention. The exercise group performed treadmill-based aerobic training at 55% of maximal oxygen consumption, with a fixed workload adjusted for body mass and a progression from three to four weekly sessions. Body composition was assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and blood samples were collected at baseline, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks to analyze tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), C-reactive protein, adiponectin, total antioxidant status (TAS), and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). After 8 weeks, the exercise group showed significant reductions in body fat percentage, TNF-α, and 8-OHdG, alongside an increase in TAS. Notably, by week 4, significant decreases in TNF-α and increases in TAS were observed despite no measurable changes in body weight or fat mass, indicating an early anti-inflammatory and antioxidative response to exercise independent of adiposity reduction. The findings at 4 weeks suggest that moderate aerobic exercise can independently reduce inflammation and oxidative stress, even before measurable fat loss occurs. These improvements were further enhanced by fat loss after 8 weeks, indicating that moderate aerobic exercise may reduce the risk of obesity-related disorders in middle-aged obese females, both through direct anti-inflammatory effects and by promoting fat loss.

This study examined the process of forest hiking (FH) through skeletal muscle oxygen saturation (SmO₂) and investigated subsequent changes in muscle function, erythrocytes, and immunocytes. A total of 60 participants who their ages, heights, and weights of 73.05±3.23 years, 1.63±0.06 m, and 67.75±9.22 kg. They resided in two living communities, and were assigned to the control (CON, n=30) group, whereas those from the other were allocated to the FH (n=30) group. The intervention consisted of a hiking program performed for 120 min per day, twice per week, over a 4-week period. The degree of oxygen utilization in muscles during the hiking was monitored by measuring SmO₂ in the vastus lateralis (VL). During hiking, SmO₂ levels in the FH group progressively declined, reaching a nadir between 60 and 90 min, followed by partial recovery. After the intervention, the FH group showed pronounced improvements in contraction time in the VL than in the biceps femoris (BF), while maximum displacement improved in both the VL and BF (P<0.05). Among erythrocytes parameters, significant interaction effects were observed for hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (P<0.05). In addition, significant interaction effects were found in immunocytes (P<0.01). This study demonstrated that SmO₂ can be effectively measured during FH and confirmed that a 4-week hiking induced marked improvements not only in muscle function but also in erythrocytes and immunocytes in older adults.

This systematic literature review analyzes domestic studies on pulmonary rehabilitation nursing interventions for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) published in the field of rehabilitation nursing over the past decade. This analysis will inform the restructuring of pulmonary rehabilitation nursing and suggest future research directions. The systematic literature review analyzed 12 domestic studies on pulmonary rehabilitation nursing interventions for patients with COPD. Previous studies have suggested that combined interventions are more effective than single interventions, despite differences in the study populations. Interventions combining exercise and education showed the most significant improvements in self-care behaviors, respiratory function, and anxiety. Self-care is the process of maintaining health through health promotion and disease management, regardless of whether the condition is stable or worsening. Therefore, establishing effective self-care in pulmonary rehabilitation requires evidence-based education, individualized interventions, multidisciplinary collaboration, and continuous monitoring with feedback. Effective disease management in COPD patients requires a thorough understanding of their condition and practical behavioral strategies.