Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation最新文献

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of music tempo on heart rate (HR), HR variability (HRV), lactate levels, and aerobic capacity during walking exercise in male college students. Ten male college students randomly participated in three experiments using various music tempos on a treadmill device to prevent data contamination between measurements by allowing a 2-week interval. Walking exercise was performed at a moderate intensity of 60%-70% maximum HR for 30 min, with participants divided into three groups based on music tempo: exercise group with fast tempo music (ExF, 120-160 bpm), exercise group with slow tempo music (ExS, 60-70 bpm), and exercise group without music (Ex). The study was designed using a randomized crossover method. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) assessed group-by-time interactions, and one-way ANOVA was used to compare differences between groups. Post hoc analysis was performed using Tukey honestly significant difference. As a result, the ExF group had higher HR, ventilation, metabolic equivalent, and oxygen up-take during treadmill exercise than the ExS or Ex group. But there was no significant interaction of HR and HRV during recovery according to music tempo. HRV was significantly higher in the ExF group during exercise when compared to other groups. Blood lactate concentration was significantly decreased in the ExS group. These findings provide new information that music tempo type applied during treadmill exercise might have a positive effect on the maximum oxygen intake and lactate accumulation in the recovery phase.

Aging is associated with declines in memory function and significant change in gut microbiota. In this study, we investigated how exercise affects age-related memory decline and inflammation, and gut microbiota diversity. Bl6 mice were divided into control, control and exercise, old, and old and exercise groups. Treadmill exercise was performed once a day, 5 days a week for 8 consecutive weeks. Short-term memory was assessed using step-through test and spatial learning memory was assessed using Morris water maze task. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed for the proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6, in the hippocampus. Western blot analysis was conducted for the neurotrophic factors, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tyrosine kinase B (TrkB), in the hippocampus. In addition, fecal samples were collected for sequencing and metagenomic analysis. Old rats showed decline in short-term memory and spatial learning memory. Increment of TNF-α and IL-6 concentration with decrement of BDNF and TrkB expression were observed in the old rats. Decreased diversity of gut microbiota composition and decreased beneficial gut microbiota were found in the old rats. However, treadmill exercise improved short-term memory, decreased TNF-α and IL-6 concentration, and increased BDNF and TrkB expression in the old rats. Treadmill exercise also increased the diversity of gut microbiota composition and affected the increase of beneficial gut microbiota in the old rats. In conclusion, treadmill exercise reduced age-related inflammatory markers and effectively improved memory decline while enhancing the diversity and abundance of beneficial gut microbiota.

To examine the changes in obesity-related hormones and metabolic syndrome markers in male high school students with obesity following a weekend-focused moderate- or high-intensity exercise program at the recommended weekly physical activity level, or a program of regular exercise 3 times a week at moderate intensity, over a 10-week period. Forty-eight male high school students who were obese with a body fat percentage of ≥25% were randomly assigned to one of three groups: a regular moderate-intensity exercise group (n=17) that freely selected and performed moderate-intensity aerobic and resistance training exercises, every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, for a total of 150-300 min/wk; a weekend-focused moderate-intensity exercise group (n=15) that freely selected and performed aerobic and resistance training exercises every Saturday for 150-300 min; and a week-end-focused high-intensity exercise group (n=16) that freely selected and performed aerobic and resistance training exercises every Sunday for 75-150 min. Insulin and leptin levels significantly decreased in all the groups, with the greatest reduction in the regular exercise group. Abdominal circumference and triglyceride levels significantly decreased in all the groups. Fasting glucose decreased only in the regular exercise group. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol significantly increased in both the regular and weekend-focused moderate-intensity exercise groups. No significant differences in adiponectin levels, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were observed between the groups. A weekend-focused exercise program has health effects similar to those of regular exercise, highlighting the importance of meeting the recommended weekly physical activity levels.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of a foam roller-based combined exercise program on functional fitness, balance ability, and gait in women aged 65 years and older. Using a 2×2 mixed design, the study compared variables measured before and after a 6-week foam roller-based combined exercise program. A total of 32 old women were randomly assigned to either the foam roller-based exercise group or the control group. The intervention was conducted 3 times a week for 6 weeks, with each session lasting 60 min. The senior fitness test, gait test, Fullerton advanced balance test, and Y-balance test were performed at baseline and postintervention. Participants in the combined exercise group demonstrated significant improvements in upper and lower-body strength, lower extremity flexibility, agility, walking speed, stability, and balance ability. These findings confirm that a foam roller-based combined exercise program incorporating stretching, strength training, and aerobic components is effective in enhancing functional fitness, balance, and gait in older women. The inclusion of props such as foam rollers may help facilitate proper exercise form and activate diverse muscle groups, thereby augmenting the overall efficacy of exercise interventions.

Although educational attainment and physical activity tend to determine cognitive function among older adults, studies have shown inconsistent results. This study aimed to examine how physical activity and educational attainment relate to the cognitive function of older adults. Educational attainment was determined based on the total number of years of education received from formal educational institutions. All participants were classified as active or sedentary according to the Stanford Brief Activity Survey. Thereon, the participants were divided into four groups based on educational attainment and physical activity levels: the low education-sedentary (LESG; n=29, 74.06±5.39 years), low education-active (LEAG; n=34, 73.97±4.74 years), high education-sedentary (HESG; n=26, 74.34±5.17 years), and high education-active groups (HEAG; n=26, 74.11±4.53 years). Four domains of cognitive function were assessed using the Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery: attention, visuospatial function, memory, and frontal/executive function. Linear regression analyses were performed to investigate differences in cognitive function between the four groups, setting the low education-sedentary group as the reference. Among the domain of cognitive function, attention differed significantly in the LESG from that in the HESG and HEAG. Educational attainment and physical activity levels influence cognitive function. A greater number of early-life educational experiences and regular physical activity in old age enhanced the cognitive function of older adults.

Children with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP) exhibit abnormal movements due to atypical pelvic movements and weakness of trunk muscles. We investigated the effects of abdominal muscle strengthening and pelvic control exercises on trunk control, abdominal muscle thickness change rate, and pelvic movement in children with unilateral CP. Fourteen children with unilateral CP were randomly divided into two groups, and abdominal muscle strengthening and pelvic control exercises were applied to the experimental group, and general physical therapy was applied to the control group, 30 min per session, twice a week, for a total of 8 weeks, respectively. The trunk control measurement scale (TCMS) was used to measure trunk control, ultrasonography was used to measure abdominal muscle thickness change rate, and a wearable gait analysis system was used to measure pelvic movement. As a result, in the experimental group, TCMS showed a significant increase within the group, and the rotation range of the pelvis significantly decreased within the group on the affected and nonaffected sides. There was a significant difference between the groups in the abdominal muscle thickness change rate of the internal oblique on the affected side. Improving trunk control through abdominal strengthening and pelvic control exercises affected the deep muscles on the affected side and contributed to a reduction in excessive pelvic rotation range. Therefore, abdominal muscle strengthening and pelvic control exercises may be suggested as intervention methods to improve function in unilateral CP.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of weight- and non-weight-bearing exercises on the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor rating scale, corticospinal axon regrowth and regeneration-related proteins following spinal cord injury (SCI). Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group (n=6), SCI+sedentary group (SED, n=6), SCI+treadmill exercise group (TREAD, n=6), and SCI+swimming exercise group (SWIM, n=6). All rats in the SCI group were given the rest for 2 weeks after SCI, and then they were allowed to engage in low-intensity exercise for 6 weeks on treadmill device. Motor function (BBB score) was improved more in the SWIM group compared to the SED group at 3 and 6 weeks after SCI. The SWIM group also showed higher levels of axonal outgrowth in corticospinal tract and increased expression of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase, a marker of axonal regeneration in the dorsal horn of the caudal region, compared to the TREAD group. Additionally, the SWIM group significantly upregulated the expression of regeneration-related proteins. Our findings suggest that non-weight-bearing exercise may be one of several rehabilitation methods for improving locomotor function and corticospinal axon regeneration after SCI.

User-friendly rehabilitation exercise devices can enhance health and quality of life through the convergence of information communication and medical technology. The development of rehabilitation exercise devices accessible to individuals with disabilities is important. We aimed to investigate the convenience, safety, and effectiveness of the developed rehabilitation exercise device for individuals with disabilities. A usability evaluation of the developed rehabilitation exercise device was conducted with five rehabilitation exercise experts and six athletes with disabilities using a questionnaire, the reliability of the revised questionnaire was r=0.87. Qualitative analysis was conducted using semistructured interviews following the testing of the upper limb rehabilitation exercise device by the two user groups. In the usability evaluation survey of the developed rehabilitation exercise device, the results were very positive, with an overall score of 4.25 out of 5. The highest score was assigned to the convenience of the device, followed by the effectiveness of the exercise and the safety of the device. The developed rehabilitation exercise device allows for three types of strength improvement exercises, including isometric, isokinetic, and isotonic exercises, all within a single device. Given that it is constructed with a wire system, it can be adapted to various exercise methods, depending on the type of disability. The device can be used by both nondisabled and disabled individuals, allowing for various exercise methods. The evaluation results indicate that the proposed device is highly versatile and practical.

We aimed to investigate the effects of 8-week circuit weight training by intensity on blood stress hormones and antioxidant capacity in high-school wrestlers. This study involved 27 male wrestlers with >2 years of wrestling experience who were randomly assigned to either a low intensity (n=13) or a high-intensity circuit weight training group (n=14). The participants performed circuit weight training for 60 min per session, 3 times per week for 8 weeks. The low- and high-intensity circuit weight training exercises were performed at 50%-60% and 70%-80% of one-repetition maximum for 10 stations, respectively, and 8-15 repeated sessions per station were performed in order. No changes were observed in adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine levels between the two training groups. When compared to levels before the training, ACTH and epinephrine levels decreased, whereas cortisol levels increased. However, no difference was observed in norepinephrine levels. Further, no differences were observed in malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) levels between the two groups. However, MDA and GPX levels were increased from those before training. Changes in superoxide dismutase levels were observed between the two groups, but the change was significant only in the high-intensity circuit weight training group. Long-term training did not increase lipid peroxidation, but increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes that defend against oxidative stress. The antioxidant defense system in tissues can be regulated by exercise intensity as well as physical training status.