Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation最新文献

This randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the effects of foam rolling (FR) recovery tool on oxidative stress biomarkers and sport-specific performance in male and female water polo (WP) players during a 7-week competitive period. The study also explored sex-based differences to guide tailored recovery strategies. Thirty-four WP players were recruited, with 27 completing the protocol (13 males and 14 females), and randomly assigned to a foam roller group or a control group (CG). Testing was conducted pre- and postintervention, measuring in-water boost, throwing speed, 20-m sprint swim, and oxidative stress biomarkers: Ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), glutathione, oxidative damage in proteins (ODPs), total thiols. Dietary intake was evaluated via a validated food frequency questionnaire in week 6. The FR positively influenced throwing speed (P=0.021) and antioxidant capacity in male players (FRAP, P=0.006). However, no significant improvements in sprint or boost performance were observed in females, with ODP increasing in both sexes, particularly in CG females (P<0.001). Regression analyses showed that FRAP improvements significantly predicted 20-m sprint performance (P=0.027 for females, P=0.043 for males). Dietary analysis revealed adequate protein and antioxidant intake but suboptimal carbohydrate consumption. These findings suggest that FR may enhance specific performance outcomes and antioxidant capacity, particularly in male WP players, though its effect on oxidative damage appears limited. Managing oxidative stress through recovery tools like FR and nutritional strategies remains essential for optimizing performance in high-intensity team sports.

This study examined the effects of circuit weight training (CWT) and traditional weight training on changes in blood lactate levels and stress indices and determined their impact on performance enhancement in sports climbing athletes specializing in speed and lead events. Thirty male sports climbing athletes were randomly assigned to the circuit weight-training group (n=15) or traditional weight-training group (n=15). Each training program was conducted for 60 min per session, 3 times/wk, for 30 sessions over 10 weeks. CWT was performed at an intensity of 40%-55% of one-repetition maximum (1RM) with maximum repetitions for 30 sec. Traditional weight training was performed at an intensity of 70%-80% of 1RM with 8-10 repetitions. Both training protocols consisted of 3 sets, with rest intervals of 60 and 120 sec between sets for CWT and traditional weight training, respectively. Blood lactate and adrenocorticotropic hormone levels significantly decreased in the circuit weight-training group. Norepinephrine and α-amylase levels decreased in both groups, without significant differences between groups regarding the degree of change posttraining. Regarding performance changes posttraining, unlike speed records, lead records significantly differed between groups, with greater improvements in the circuit weight-training group. Changes in blood lactate affected lead records, whereas changes in stress indices influenced both speed and lead records. However, effects of these changes did not significantly differ between groups. Applying exercise programs tailored to sports climbing athletes according to specific events may contribute to improved performance by reducing blood lactate levels and stress indices, ultimately achieving better competition outcomes.

Although various dietary behavioral issues affecting healthy development of adolescents have been studied, research on dietary behaviors of adolescent athletes is still limited. This study investigated the relationship between dietary behaviors and body size, energy intake, and nutrient intake in 66 first-year male middle school athletes (12.6-13.8 years old). Dietary behaviors were assessed using the nutritional quotient for adolescents (NQ-A), and energy and nutrient intakes were derived from 3-day food records including 2 weekdays and 1 weekend day. Dietary data were analyzed using CAN-pro 6.0 (Korean Nutrition Society). The results showed that the mean energy intake was 2,301.27±643.57 kcal, which was lower than the estimated energy requirement for this age group. In addition, the intake levels of dietary fiber, vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium, and magnesium were less than 70% of the Korean Dietary Reference Intake. In particular, calcium (r=0.31, P=0.021) and dietary fiber (r=0.28, P=0.038) showed a weak but positive correlation with the NQ-A score. Calcium (F=3.201, P=0.049) and dietary fiber (F=3.376, P=0.042) intake levels were significantly higher in athletes with higher NQ-A grades than in middle or low-grade athletes. However, no significant correlation was observed between NQ-A and physique. In conclusion, when evaluating the dietary behavior of middle school male athletes using NQ-A, athletes with better dietary behaviors were found to consume relatively more calcium and dietary fiber. However, it is important to note that a high NQ-A grade does not necessarily indicate sufficient nutrient intake.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of combining low-intensity treadmill exercise with naringenin treatment on the expression of axonal regrowth-related proteins following sciatic nerve injury (SNI). The extracts were evaluated for cytotoxicity and cell viability using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, and the effects of the extracts were analyzed in vitro using primary cultured Schwann cells and dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRGs). In vivo, axonal regrowth-related protein expression levels and neurite outgrowth were assessed through Western blot and immunofluorescence staining, respectively. The results indicated that neither extract exhibited cytotoxicity. In primary cultured Schwann cells, 10 μM naringin and 10 μM/50 μM naringenin significantly increased growth associated protein-43 (GAP-43) expression, while in DRGs, both naringin and naringenin treatments resulted in increased neurite length. For in vivo experiment, all animals were divided into the vehicle group, the naringin-treated group post-SNI (Gin), the naringenin-treated group post-SNI (Genin), the naringin and exercise group post-SNI (Gin+Ex), and the naringenin and exercise group post-SNI (Genin+Ex). Naringenin treatment after early SNI enhanced GAP-43 expression. Following 14 days of exercise combined with treatment, both GAP-43 and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase levels were significantly increased in the Genin and the Genin+Ex groups, whereas phosphorylated-protein kinase B significantly increased only in the Genin+Ex group. Our findings suggest that naringenin, when used in conjunction with low-intensity treadmill exercise, may effectively promote the expression of axonal growth-related proteins following SNI.

This study examined the relationship between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sedentary behavior (SB), and metabolic syndrome, employing both cross-sectional and Mendelian randomization methods to enhance causal inference. The cross-sectional analysis included adults aged 20 years and older with arthritis (n=4,227) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and assessed the associations between MVPA, SB, and metabolic syndrome. Mendelian randomization analysis used genome-wide association studies to validate causal relationships, employing instrumental variables selected from single nucleotide polymorphisms linked to accelerometer-based physical activity (fraction of time with accelerations >425 milli-gravities) and SB. The primary Mendelian randomization methods included inverse variance weighting and Bayesian Weighted Mendelian Randomization. Sensitivity analyses, including Mendelian Randomization-Egger intercept test, the weighted median method, and Mendelian Randomization Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier, were conducted to ensure result robustness. Cross-sectional analysis revealed a significant association between higher levels of MVPA and reduced SB with a lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Participants in the high MVPA/low SB group demonstrated lower odds of metabolic syndrome (odds ratio [OR], 0.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.29-0.56), hypertension (OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.40-0.75), fasting glucose (OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.35-0.77), and waist circumference (OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.22-0.54). Mendelian randomization analysis confirmed a causal relationship, showing that physical activity decreases risk factors for metabolic syndrome, while SB exacerbates them. This study emphasizes the critical roles of regular physical activity and reduced SB in mitigating the risk of metabolic syndrome, especially among older adults with arthritis.

This study examined the effects of a self-management program (exercise therapy, dietary education, and aromatherapy) on physical symptoms (pain, daily living function, exercise function), quality of life, and sleep disturbances in knee osteoarthritis patients at a clinic in Andong city. A total of 66 patients (33 experimental, 33 control) with stage 2 or higher knee osteoarthritis participated. Data were analyzed using a statistical program, including descriptive statistics, frequencies, percentages, means, χ² test, t-test, and Fisher exact test and Bonferroni, and analysis of variance to examine the research objectives and measurement variables. Significant improvements were observed in the experimental group for pain, daily living functions, exercise functions, and quality of life (F=62.73, P<0.001; F=22.68, P<0.001; F=8.19, P=0.006; F=14.02, P<0.001, respectively). Additionally, significant interactions between time points and group effects were found, indicating differences in the patterns of change in physical symptoms, daily living functions, exercise functions, and quality of life between the groups (F=34.56, P<0.001; F=15.42, P<0.001; F=5.82, P=0.019; F=11.77, P=0.001). For sleep disturbances improved in the experimental group (F=16.79, P<0.001), but no significant group-time interactions were found (F=0.01, P=0.920). These findings suggest that self-management program effectively reduce pain and enhance physical function, quality of life, and sleep, emphasizing the need for structured, ongoing educational interventions for knee osteoarthritis patients.

This study examined the weekly frequency of exercise participation among older adults in South Korea and identified the factors influence this frequency. A frequency analysis compared sociodemographic characteristics based on weekly frequency of exercise participation. A linear regression analysis identified factors influencing participation in exercise less than 3 times a week and participation in no exercise. A total of 312 participants (mean age, 80.47±6.80 years), women exercised less frequently than men. Increased age correlated with lower exercise participation, with the lowest rates among individuals aged 86 or older. Higher education levels were associated with more frequent exercise, as individuals with 16 or more years of education exhibiting the highest participation rates. Compared to individuals aged 65-75, individuals aged 81-85 and those 86 or older showed significantly higher odds ratios for insufficient exercise. Conversely individuals with 16 or more years of education had significantly lower odds ratios. Economic, psychological, emotional, environmental, and physical factors, as well as information-seeking ability, were key barriers to exercise participation. These findings suggest that women and individuals aged 81 or older need more encouragement to engage in frequent exercise. Furthermore, information-seeking ability and economic, psychological, environmental, and exercise-related/personal factors significantly impact exercise participation among older adults.

Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) leads to quadriceps neuromuscular dysfunction, including impaired force control and muscle degradation. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is widely used in rehabilitation to improve muscle mass and strength; however, its effects on neuromuscular functions and muscle quality, such as motor unit (MU) behavior and force steadiness (FS), remain unclear. This study investigated the effects of NMES on neuromuscular function and muscle quality in individuals with ACLR who could walk normally. Ten male ACLR patients underwent NMES 3 times weekly for 6 weeks, with 30 contractions per session. Neuromuscular function was assessed via FS, maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), and MU behavior in the rectus femoris and vastus lateralis. Muscle quality was evaluated using muscle thickness (MT), echo intensity (EI), and ultrasound texture features. Measurements were taken at baseline and weeks 3 and 6. NMES significantly improved MVIC, FS, MU behavior, and muscle quality (MT, EI, and homogeneity) on the ACLR side, with significant interaction effects observed. At week 3, MVIC and FS showed no significant improvement; however, structural and qualitative muscle changes were evident. NMES effectively enhanced neuromuscular function, MU behavior, and muscle quality impaired by ACLR. However, a 3-week intervention may not be sufficient for optimal neuromuscular recovery, highlighting the need for extended NMES protocols.