Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation最新文献

This study examined the relationship between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sedentary behavior (SB), and metabolic syndrome, employing both cross-sectional and Mendelian randomization methods to enhance causal inference. The cross-sectional analysis included adults aged 20 years and older with arthritis (n=4,227) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and assessed the associations between MVPA, SB, and metabolic syndrome. Mendelian randomization analysis used genome-wide association studies to validate causal relationships, employing instrumental variables selected from single nucleotide polymorphisms linked to accelerometer-based physical activity (fraction of time with accelerations >425 milli-gravities) and SB. The primary Mendelian randomization methods included inverse variance weighting and Bayesian Weighted Mendelian Randomization. Sensitivity analyses, including Mendelian Randomization-Egger intercept test, the weighted median method, and Mendelian Randomization Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier, were conducted to ensure result robustness. Cross-sectional analysis revealed a significant association between higher levels of MVPA and reduced SB with a lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Participants in the high MVPA/low SB group demonstrated lower odds of metabolic syndrome (odds ratio [OR], 0.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.29-0.56), hypertension (OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.40-0.75), fasting glucose (OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.35-0.77), and waist circumference (OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.22-0.54). Mendelian randomization analysis confirmed a causal relationship, showing that physical activity decreases risk factors for metabolic syndrome, while SB exacerbates them. This study emphasizes the critical roles of regular physical activity and reduced SB in mitigating the risk of metabolic syndrome, especially among older adults with arthritis.

This study examined the effects of a self-management program (exercise therapy, dietary education, and aromatherapy) on physical symptoms (pain, daily living function, exercise function), quality of life, and sleep disturbances in knee osteoarthritis patients at a clinic in Andong city. A total of 66 patients (33 experimental, 33 control) with stage 2 or higher knee osteoarthritis participated. Data were analyzed using a statistical program, including descriptive statistics, frequencies, percentages, means, χ² test, t-test, and Fisher exact test and Bonferroni, and analysis of variance to examine the research objectives and measurement variables. Significant improvements were observed in the experimental group for pain, daily living functions, exercise functions, and quality of life (F=62.73, P<0.001; F=22.68, P<0.001; F=8.19, P=0.006; F=14.02, P<0.001, respectively). Additionally, significant interactions between time points and group effects were found, indicating differences in the patterns of change in physical symptoms, daily living functions, exercise functions, and quality of life between the groups (F=34.56, P<0.001; F=15.42, P<0.001; F=5.82, P=0.019; F=11.77, P=0.001). For sleep disturbances improved in the experimental group (F=16.79, P<0.001), but no significant group-time interactions were found (F=0.01, P=0.920). These findings suggest that self-management program effectively reduce pain and enhance physical function, quality of life, and sleep, emphasizing the need for structured, ongoing educational interventions for knee osteoarthritis patients.

This study examined the weekly frequency of exercise participation among older adults in South Korea and identified the factors influence this frequency. A frequency analysis compared sociodemographic characteristics based on weekly frequency of exercise participation. A linear regression analysis identified factors influencing participation in exercise less than 3 times a week and participation in no exercise. A total of 312 participants (mean age, 80.47±6.80 years), women exercised less frequently than men. Increased age correlated with lower exercise participation, with the lowest rates among individuals aged 86 or older. Higher education levels were associated with more frequent exercise, as individuals with 16 or more years of education exhibiting the highest participation rates. Compared to individuals aged 65-75, individuals aged 81-85 and those 86 or older showed significantly higher odds ratios for insufficient exercise. Conversely individuals with 16 or more years of education had significantly lower odds ratios. Economic, psychological, emotional, environmental, and physical factors, as well as information-seeking ability, were key barriers to exercise participation. These findings suggest that women and individuals aged 81 or older need more encouragement to engage in frequent exercise. Furthermore, information-seeking ability and economic, psychological, environmental, and exercise-related/personal factors significantly impact exercise participation among older adults.

Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) leads to quadriceps neuromuscular dysfunction, including impaired force control and muscle degradation. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is widely used in rehabilitation to improve muscle mass and strength; however, its effects on neuromuscular functions and muscle quality, such as motor unit (MU) behavior and force steadiness (FS), remain unclear. This study investigated the effects of NMES on neuromuscular function and muscle quality in individuals with ACLR who could walk normally. Ten male ACLR patients underwent NMES 3 times weekly for 6 weeks, with 30 contractions per session. Neuromuscular function was assessed via FS, maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), and MU behavior in the rectus femoris and vastus lateralis. Muscle quality was evaluated using muscle thickness (MT), echo intensity (EI), and ultrasound texture features. Measurements were taken at baseline and weeks 3 and 6. NMES significantly improved MVIC, FS, MU behavior, and muscle quality (MT, EI, and homogeneity) on the ACLR side, with significant interaction effects observed. At week 3, MVIC and FS showed no significant improvement; however, structural and qualitative muscle changes were evident. NMES effectively enhanced neuromuscular function, MU behavior, and muscle quality impaired by ACLR. However, a 3-week intervention may not be sufficient for optimal neuromuscular recovery, highlighting the need for extended NMES protocols.

The effects of maternal exercise on hippocampal neurogenesis, synaptic protein expression, and gut microbiome composition in the offspring of older females were investigated. Male offspring from female C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups: offspring of young female group (CON), offspring of exercised young female group, offspring of advanced-age female group (AMA), and offspring of exercised advanced-age female group (AMA+EX). The exercised group received 8 weeks of treadmill training before and during pregnancy. Male offspring were assessed at 4 weeks of age. Hippocampal neurogenesis was assessed by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine/neuronal double immunofluorescence staining. Expression of synaptic plasticity-related proteins, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95), was analyzed by Western blot. Gut microbiome composition and diversity were assessed using 16S rRNA sequencing of fecal samples. Offspring born to AMA females had significantly reduced hippocampal neurogenesis and lower expression levels of BDNF and PSD-95 compared to the CON group. In the AMA+EX group, maternal treadmill exercise significantly improved these deficits, restoring both neurogenesis and synaptic protein expression. In contrast, gut microbiota analysis showed that microbial richness and alpha diversity were reduced in the offspring of exercised females, despite the relatively high diversity in the CON and AMA groups, especially in the AMA+EX group. Older mothers impair hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptic protein expression in offspring, and alter gut microbial diversity. Maternal exercise may alleviate age-related neurodevelopmental disorders, but may also reduce microbial diversity in the offspring's gut.

Fatigue is a state of difficulty maintaining voluntary activity. Cortisol, which is essential for stress regulation, can cause tissue damage when elevated for long periods of time, which is a common problem for office workers in stressful environments. Sleep quality is important for health and cognitive function, while sleep deprivation increases the risk of physical and mental health disorders. Gyrokinesis combines circular, spiral, and wave movements influenced by yoga, tai chi, and ballet to provide a calming effect on the sympathetic nervous system. This study investigated the effects of Gyrokinesis exercise on lower extremity edema, muscle strength, fatigue, and sleep quality in sedentary office workers. Twenty-seven adult women aged 20-40 years were randomly assigned to a Gyrokinesis exercise group (n=14) or a control group (n=13). The exercise group participated in 60-min Gyrokinesis sessions twice a week for 8 weeks, while the control group used elastic compression stockings during their working hours. Results showed a significant decrease in fatigue and an improvement in sleep quality in the exercise group. Cortisol and serotonin levels showed a significant between-group interaction effect, with within-group changes observed only in the exercise group. Sleep quality indices improved significantly over time. In conclusion, Gyrokinesis exercise has the potential to improve physical and psychological well-being in sedentary office workers by positively influencing fatigue, sleep quality, and related hormone levels.

Regular participation in regularly performed physical activity (PA) is recommended for proper development of rapidly changing physical and psychological status of adolescents. Despite the importance of proper PA, various prioritizing factors in adolescents' daily lives such as competitive academic performance deter regular participation. This study has been conducted to analyze impact of PA on academic performance (grades) for middle to high school female adolescents. 20th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey data with 8 factors were utilized for the study. 25,668 female adolescents across six grade levels (M1, M2, M3, H1, H2, H3) were grouped to sedentary (SG: 2 or fewer days/wk) and physically active (PG: 3 or more days/wk) groups based on their weekly PA days and compared. Also, each incremented day of PA (0- through 7-day PA) was further compared. Although SG and PG showed mixed results, incremented PA days showed either significantly better academic performances or no difference. Significant poor academic performances were shown for 7-day PA compared to 0-day PA for M2 (2.88±1.19 vs. 3.25±1.17), M3 (2.84±1.20 vs. 3.23±1.23), H3 (3.02±1.08 vs. 3.51±1.09). Although body mass index (BMI) of each grade level was within normal range for all PA groups, significantly increased BMI was shown in SG groups. Moreover, perceived effort on weight control (effort) was shown for all 7-day PA groups compared to all 0-day PA groups. In conclusion, regularly performed PA may positively influence or have no effect on academic performance. However, excessive PA aimed at weight control may have a negative impact.

Grounding, the practice of direct contact with the Earth's surface, has been explored for its potential to alleviate inflammation and neurotoxicity. Trimethyltin (TMT) is a potent neurotoxic compound known for inducing severe central nervous system damage, particularly neuronal death and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus, which is frequently used as an animal model to study neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer disease, due to its ability to induce oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and neurodegeneration. This study investigated the effect of a grounding mat on cognitive function, neuroinflammation, and neuroprotection in a TMT-induced neurotoxicity rats. Rats were divided into five groups: no grounding mat with saline (Nor), no grounding mat with TMT (Con), electric mat for 21 days with TMT (EM), grounding mat for 7 days with TMT (A-7D), and grounding mat for 21 days with TMT (A-21D). Cognitive function was assessed via the Y-maze test, while blood levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), and hippocampal acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The Con group showed impaired memory and elevated IL-1β and PGE₂ levels, alongside reduced IL-4, compared to the Nor group. The A-7D group improved memory performance, and the A-21D group showed reductions in IL-1β and P PGE₂, with increased IL-4 levels. Both A-7D and A-21D groups had elevated AChE levels compared to the Con group. These findings suggest that grounding may enhance cognitive function by reducing inflammation and promoting neuroprotection in a neurotoxicity model.

Exercise and rehabilitation interventions are essential for health restoration, yet reviews on related clinical trials remain limited despite increasing research interest. This study analyzed the characteristics, designs, sample sizes, and outcome variables of clinical trials registered with the Clinical Research Information Service in South Korea, focusing on exercise and rehabilitation interventions. A systematic search using "exercise" and "rehabilitation" identified 1,089 trials registered up to June 9, 2024, with 470 meeting the inclusion criteria. Most studies (79.79%) were retrospectively registered, and 45.11% were open-label trials. Behavioral interventions (26.60%) and medical devices (22.34%) were most common, targeting circulatory (27.45%) and musculoskeletal (19.79%) conditions. Frequently assessed outcomes included 'balance,' 'pain,' and 'walking.' A notable increase in trials was observed since 2017. However, the high proportion of retrospective registrations and open-label designs highlights the need for more prospective and blinded trials to enhance research quality.