Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation最新文献

The purpose of this study was to establish reference criteria for evaluating gait pattern similarity during normal gait in research using dynamic time warping (DTW). For this purpose, the DTW algorithm was implemented using the R programming language, and DTW analyses were conducted on normal gait data collected from the ankle, knee, and hip joints via 3-dimensional motion analysis in a sample of 55 healthy participants. The final optimal warping path identified by DTW was defined as the path having the smallest cumulative perpendicular distance from the diagonal of the cost matrix. DTW analyses were categorized into three groups: (1) same lower-limb within-subject, comparing identical limbs within each participant; (2) same lower-limb between-subjects, comparing identical limbs between different participants; and (3) opposite lower-limb within-subject, comparing the left and right limbs within each participant. A generalized linear model was employed to analyze the effects of group and gender. Reference criteria for gait pattern similarity are provided as estimated marginal means and 95% confidence intervals according to group and gender for each lower-limb joint during normal gait. Given statistically significant differences among groups, the results underscore the necessity of evaluating not only whether patient gait patterns align within the normal range of healthy individuals but also the similarity between the patient's own limbs for precise rehabilitation assessment.

This study aimed to propose the most effective exercise program for overweight female wrestlers by comparing aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, and a combination exercise program. Thirty overweight female wrestlers were randomly assigned to the aerobic exercise group (AEG, n=10), resistance exercise group (n=10), and combined exercise group (CEG, n=10). Exercise intensity was set at 70% of maximal oxygen uptake and one-repetition maximum. Each group exercised for 50 min per session, 7 times per week, for 12 weeks. The study analyzed body composition, insulin resistance (IR), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP). After 12 weeks, body weight and body fat significantly decreased in all groups, with the most pronounced reduction observed in the AEG. IR also significantly improved in all groups, with the greatest reduction in the AEG. Finally, TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP levels decreased in all groups, with the most notable reduction observed in the CEG. The 12-week exercise program implemented in this study had positive effects on weight and body fat reduction, IR improvement, and decreases in TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP levels among overweight female wrestlers. These findings suggest that the program can contribute to enhancing athletic performance and daily activities through weight management, metabolic health, and inflammation control.

This study was conducted to identify obesity status, body shape perception, and attempts at popular diet techniques, and to reveal the relationship between satisfaction with popular diet techniques and various factors such as body shape perception, body mass index (BMI), distorted body shape perception, and interest in weight loss etc. This survey was conducted from April to September 2024 with 1,486 female college students in Seongnam. Following results were obtained. In the question about body shape perception, the results were very fat (2.69%), fat (27.46%), average (54.44%), thin (11.91%), and very thin (3.50%). However, according to BMI, the results were obese (1.14%), overweight (4.17%), normal weight (66.76%), and underweight (27.93%). The satisfaction with popular diet techniques was higher in the obese group than in the underweight group. People with distorted perceptions of their body shape tried popular diet techniques more often than those with normal perceptions. And they were less satisfied than those with normal perceptions. As interest in weight loss increased, attempts at popular diet techniques increased. However, there was no significant relationship between interest in weight loss and satisfaction with popular diet techniques.

This study examined the impact of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on respiratory function, trunk control, and balance in individual's poststroke. Thirty stroke patients were randomly divided into an IMT group (n=15) and a conventional neurodevelopmental treatment (CNT) group (n=15). Both groups underwent 30-min sessions, 5 times per week, over 6 weeks. Respiratory function was measured using the POWER-breathe K5 and a spirometer. Balance was evaluated using the trunk impairment scale (TIS), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. The IMT group showed significant improvements in maximal inspiratory pressure, maximal inspiratory flow rate, maximal inspiratory capacity, peak expiratory flow, and forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (P<0.05). The CNT group showed no significant changes in respiratory outcomes. Both groups improved in TIS, BBS, and TUG scores, with no significant differences between them. IMT led to notable gains in respiratory function and showed positive trends in trunk control and balance. These results indicate that IMT may be a beneficial addition to stroke rehabilitation focused on respiratory and postural improvement.

This study investigated the frequency-specific effects of high- and low-frequency neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on neuromuscular function and muscle quality. Sixteen healthy young males were randomly assigned to either a high-frequency stimulation group (HFES, 100 Hz; n=8) or a low-frequency stimulation group (LFES, 50 Hz; n=8) for 6 weeks of NMES intervention. Neuromuscular function was assessed using maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), while muscle quality of the rectus femoris (RF) and vastus lateralis (VL) was evaluated via ultrasound echo intensity (EI). Assessments were taken at baseline, midintervention (week 3), and postintervention (weeks 6, 8 and 10). HFES significantly increased MVIC during the intervention, indicating an immediate neuromuscular improvement. In contrast, LFES showed delayed effects, with significant EI improvements in RF and VL emerging only after the intervention ended. Statistical analysis revealed a significant interaction effect between time and intervention for MVIC and EI, highlighting the frequency-dependent nature of NMES adaptations. These results suggest that NMES induces neuromuscular adaptations in healthy adult males, with HFES promoting immediate gains and LFES leading to delayed benefits. Thus, frequency selection is critical in designing effective NMES protocols.

This randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the effects of foam rolling (FR) recovery tool on oxidative stress biomarkers and sport-specific performance in male and female water polo (WP) players during a 7-week competitive period. The study also explored sex-based differences to guide tailored recovery strategies. Thirty-four WP players were recruited, with 27 completing the protocol (13 males and 14 females), and randomly assigned to a foam roller group or a control group (CG). Testing was conducted pre- and postintervention, measuring in-water boost, throwing speed, 20-m sprint swim, and oxidative stress biomarkers: Ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), glutathione, oxidative damage in proteins (ODPs), total thiols. Dietary intake was evaluated via a validated food frequency questionnaire in week 6. The FR positively influenced throwing speed (P=0.021) and antioxidant capacity in male players (FRAP, P=0.006). However, no significant improvements in sprint or boost performance were observed in females, with ODP increasing in both sexes, particularly in CG females (P<0.001). Regression analyses showed that FRAP improvements significantly predicted 20-m sprint performance (P=0.027 for females, P=0.043 for males). Dietary analysis revealed adequate protein and antioxidant intake but suboptimal carbohydrate consumption. These findings suggest that FR may enhance specific performance outcomes and antioxidant capacity, particularly in male WP players, though its effect on oxidative damage appears limited. Managing oxidative stress through recovery tools like FR and nutritional strategies remains essential for optimizing performance in high-intensity team sports.

This study examined the effects of circuit weight training (CWT) and traditional weight training on changes in blood lactate levels and stress indices and determined their impact on performance enhancement in sports climbing athletes specializing in speed and lead events. Thirty male sports climbing athletes were randomly assigned to the circuit weight-training group (n=15) or traditional weight-training group (n=15). Each training program was conducted for 60 min per session, 3 times/wk, for 30 sessions over 10 weeks. CWT was performed at an intensity of 40%-55% of one-repetition maximum (1RM) with maximum repetitions for 30 sec. Traditional weight training was performed at an intensity of 70%-80% of 1RM with 8-10 repetitions. Both training protocols consisted of 3 sets, with rest intervals of 60 and 120 sec between sets for CWT and traditional weight training, respectively. Blood lactate and adrenocorticotropic hormone levels significantly decreased in the circuit weight-training group. Norepinephrine and α-amylase levels decreased in both groups, without significant differences between groups regarding the degree of change posttraining. Regarding performance changes posttraining, unlike speed records, lead records significantly differed between groups, with greater improvements in the circuit weight-training group. Changes in blood lactate affected lead records, whereas changes in stress indices influenced both speed and lead records. However, effects of these changes did not significantly differ between groups. Applying exercise programs tailored to sports climbing athletes according to specific events may contribute to improved performance by reducing blood lactate levels and stress indices, ultimately achieving better competition outcomes.

Although various dietary behavioral issues affecting healthy development of adolescents have been studied, research on dietary behaviors of adolescent athletes is still limited. This study investigated the relationship between dietary behaviors and body size, energy intake, and nutrient intake in 66 first-year male middle school athletes (12.6-13.8 years old). Dietary behaviors were assessed using the nutritional quotient for adolescents (NQ-A), and energy and nutrient intakes were derived from 3-day food records including 2 weekdays and 1 weekend day. Dietary data were analyzed using CAN-pro 6.0 (Korean Nutrition Society). The results showed that the mean energy intake was 2,301.27±643.57 kcal, which was lower than the estimated energy requirement for this age group. In addition, the intake levels of dietary fiber, vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium, and magnesium were less than 70% of the Korean Dietary Reference Intake. In particular, calcium (r=0.31, P=0.021) and dietary fiber (r=0.28, P=0.038) showed a weak but positive correlation with the NQ-A score. Calcium (F=3.201, P=0.049) and dietary fiber (F=3.376, P=0.042) intake levels were significantly higher in athletes with higher NQ-A grades than in middle or low-grade athletes. However, no significant correlation was observed between NQ-A and physique. In conclusion, when evaluating the dietary behavior of middle school male athletes using NQ-A, athletes with better dietary behaviors were found to consume relatively more calcium and dietary fiber. However, it is important to note that a high NQ-A grade does not necessarily indicate sufficient nutrient intake.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of combining low-intensity treadmill exercise with naringenin treatment on the expression of axonal regrowth-related proteins following sciatic nerve injury (SNI). The extracts were evaluated for cytotoxicity and cell viability using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, and the effects of the extracts were analyzed in vitro using primary cultured Schwann cells and dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRGs). In vivo, axonal regrowth-related protein expression levels and neurite outgrowth were assessed through Western blot and immunofluorescence staining, respectively. The results indicated that neither extract exhibited cytotoxicity. In primary cultured Schwann cells, 10 μM naringin and 10 μM/50 μM naringenin significantly increased growth associated protein-43 (GAP-43) expression, while in DRGs, both naringin and naringenin treatments resulted in increased neurite length. For in vivo experiment, all animals were divided into the vehicle group, the naringin-treated group post-SNI (Gin), the naringenin-treated group post-SNI (Genin), the naringin and exercise group post-SNI (Gin+Ex), and the naringenin and exercise group post-SNI (Genin+Ex). Naringenin treatment after early SNI enhanced GAP-43 expression. Following 14 days of exercise combined with treatment, both GAP-43 and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase levels were significantly increased in the Genin and the Genin+Ex groups, whereas phosphorylated-protein kinase B significantly increased only in the Genin+Ex group. Our findings suggest that naringenin, when used in conjunction with low-intensity treadmill exercise, may effectively promote the expression of axonal growth-related proteins following SNI.