Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation最新文献

This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Kirkpatrick four-level questionnaire-comprising reaction (R), learning (L), behavior (B), and results (Res)-in the context of an exercise rehabilitation program. A total of 141 university students, aged 21 to 25, participated in a 15-week exercise rehabilitation program. Intrarater reliability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) in a pre-posttest setup and analyzed through Bland-Altman plots. Convergent validity was examined using Pearson correlation. The results of this study were as follows. 'R,' consisting of six questions, showed an ICC ranging from 0.954 to 0.990. 'L,' composed of seven questions, demonstrated an ICC between 0.883 and 0.978. 'B,' made up of five questions, displayed an ICC ranging from 0.859 to 0.974. Additionally, 'Res,' consisting of five questions, showed an ICC between 0.834 and 0.926. Significant correlations were observed among all 23 items (P<0.001), suggesting that the application of the Kirkpatrick model to evaluate the exercise rehabilitation program demonstrates strong reliability and validity. These findings suggest that the evaluation metrics can effectively monitor program outcomes at each level through the application of the Kirkpatrick model.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of resistance exercise programs on older adults' physical and psychological health indicators. Twelve randomized controlled trials published in Korean between January 2000 and July 2024 were included in this meta-analysis. The subjects in the selected studies were all aged 65 and over. The intervention group performed resistance exercise, and the control group did not engage in structured exercise programs. The resistance exercise programs were implemented for an average of 8-12 weeks, 2-3 sessions per week, with each session lasting 40-70 min. Effect sizes were calculated using standardized mean differences, and statistical analysis was conducted using R software. The results revealed that resistance exercise significantly improved various fall-related physical outcomes, including grip strength, flexibility, static and dynamic balance, lower body strength, and coordination. Also, fall efficacy was significantly increased. However, there was no statistically significant change in skeletal muscle mass and body fat percentage. These findings suggest that resistance exercise is an effective intervention for improving physical function and psychological stability in older adults.

Obesity is associated with reduced exercise tolerance, yet the physiological mechanisms underlying this impairment remain unclear. This study examined whether oxygen uptake (V̇O₂) kinetics reflect autonomic regulation during prolonged moderate-intensity exercise in normal-weight and obese males. This cross-sectional study included nine normal-weight and nine obese males (aged 20-22) who performed 30 min of constant-load cycling at 70% of ventilatory threshold to assess V̇O₂ kinetics and heart rate variability (HRV) responses. V̇O₂ kinetics parameters-including the time constant (τ), which reflects the rate of cardiopulmonary and muscular adjustment to exercise, and the V̇O₂ drift slope-were analyzed. HRV was assessed at rest and during exercise. Changes in HRV and their correlations with V̇O₂ kinetics and perceived fatigue were evaluated. The obese group had a significantly longer τ than the normal-weight group, despite similar relative intensities. During exercise, HRV indices-including overall HRV, low-frequency, very low-frequency, and the standard deviation along the line of identity (SD2) -were significantly lower in the obese group, indicating attenuated autonomic responsiveness. In the normal-weight group, the slope was strongly correlated with the changes in the root mean square of successive differences, the high-frequency power, the standard deviation perpendicular to the line of identity (SD1), and SD1/SD2 (r=-0.769 to -0.857; P<0.05), whereas these associations were absent in the obese group. These findings suggest that in normal-weight individuals, V̇O₂ kinetics are closely linked to autonomic modulation during prolonged exercise, whereas this link is disrupted in obesity, potentially leading to reduced aerobic efficiency and greater exercise intolerance.

Load asymmetry in the lower limbs of patients with hip fracture is associated with decreased gait ability, impaired balance, and increased risk of fall. The modified sit-to-stand (STS), which combines positioning the foot behind with chair seat elevation, facilitates loading on the affected limb. This study aimed to investigate lower limb load asymmetry during STS and walking in patients with hip fracture after modified STS training. This quasi-randomized pilot trial assigned patients with hip fractures to modified or normal STS (feet together) groups, matched by age and stratified (mean age, 81.9±5.5 years vs. 82.7±6.8 years). Twelve and ten participants in the modified and normal STS groups, respectively, were included in the analysis. The intervention lasted for 15 min/day for 2 weeks in both groups. The amount of load on the affected and unaffected limbs during STS and the amount of load and stance time during walking were measured before and after the intervention. Other physical functional outcomes included lower limb strength, balance, and gait speed. The amount of load on the affected limb, stance time of the affected limb, knee extension strength of the affected limb, and Berg Balance Scale score showed a group and time interaction, and were significantly greater in the modified STS group after than before the intervention. Modified STS training in patients with hip fracture improves the load on the affected limb during STS, stance time of the affected limb during walking, knee extensor strength in the affected limb, and balance function.

The talk test (TT) is a subjective, self-administered method used to gauge aerobic exercise intensity based on a person's ability to speak comfortably during physical activity. This study aimed to validate the TT by examining its relationship with physiological markers collected during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) on both a treadmill and stationary bicycle in healthy adults. Twenty-two healthy participants (17 males and 5 females), with no known musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, or pulmonary conditions, completed two exercise sessions-one on a treadmill and another on a stationary bicycle. Each session was structured into three stages of increasing intensity based on the TT. During each stage, various psychophysiological and cardiorespiratory variables were measured, including heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, metabolic equivalents, arterial oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, minute ventilation, oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide production, respiratory exchange ratio, and ventilatory threshold. Significant differences were found across the three TT stages for all measured variables, with values increasing linearly as intensity progressed. However, no significant differences were observed between exercise modalities (treadmill vs. bicycle) or in the interaction between TT stages and modality. The findings support the TT as a valid indicator of exercise intensity, correlating well with physiological responses measured during CPX. The consistency across both exercise modalities suggests that TT is a practical, effective tool for guiding aerobic exercise intensity, particularly in clinical and rehabilitation settings.

The purpose of this study was to establish reference criteria for evaluating gait pattern similarity during normal gait in research using dynamic time warping (DTW). For this purpose, the DTW algorithm was implemented using the R programming language, and DTW analyses were conducted on normal gait data collected from the ankle, knee, and hip joints via 3-dimensional motion analysis in a sample of 55 healthy participants. The final optimal warping path identified by DTW was defined as the path having the smallest cumulative perpendicular distance from the diagonal of the cost matrix. DTW analyses were categorized into three groups: (1) same lower-limb within-subject, comparing identical limbs within each participant; (2) same lower-limb between-subjects, comparing identical limbs between different participants; and (3) opposite lower-limb within-subject, comparing the left and right limbs within each participant. A generalized linear model was employed to analyze the effects of group and gender. Reference criteria for gait pattern similarity are provided as estimated marginal means and 95% confidence intervals according to group and gender for each lower-limb joint during normal gait. Given statistically significant differences among groups, the results underscore the necessity of evaluating not only whether patient gait patterns align within the normal range of healthy individuals but also the similarity between the patient's own limbs for precise rehabilitation assessment.

This study aimed to propose the most effective exercise program for overweight female wrestlers by comparing aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, and a combination exercise program. Thirty overweight female wrestlers were randomly assigned to the aerobic exercise group (AEG, n=10), resistance exercise group (n=10), and combined exercise group (CEG, n=10). Exercise intensity was set at 70% of maximal oxygen uptake and one-repetition maximum. Each group exercised for 50 min per session, 7 times per week, for 12 weeks. The study analyzed body composition, insulin resistance (IR), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP). After 12 weeks, body weight and body fat significantly decreased in all groups, with the most pronounced reduction observed in the AEG. IR also significantly improved in all groups, with the greatest reduction in the AEG. Finally, TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP levels decreased in all groups, with the most notable reduction observed in the CEG. The 12-week exercise program implemented in this study had positive effects on weight and body fat reduction, IR improvement, and decreases in TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP levels among overweight female wrestlers. These findings suggest that the program can contribute to enhancing athletic performance and daily activities through weight management, metabolic health, and inflammation control.

This study was conducted to identify obesity status, body shape perception, and attempts at popular diet techniques, and to reveal the relationship between satisfaction with popular diet techniques and various factors such as body shape perception, body mass index (BMI), distorted body shape perception, and interest in weight loss etc. This survey was conducted from April to September 2024 with 1,486 female college students in Seongnam. Following results were obtained. In the question about body shape perception, the results were very fat (2.69%), fat (27.46%), average (54.44%), thin (11.91%), and very thin (3.50%). However, according to BMI, the results were obese (1.14%), overweight (4.17%), normal weight (66.76%), and underweight (27.93%). The satisfaction with popular diet techniques was higher in the obese group than in the underweight group. People with distorted perceptions of their body shape tried popular diet techniques more often than those with normal perceptions. And they were less satisfied than those with normal perceptions. As interest in weight loss increased, attempts at popular diet techniques increased. However, there was no significant relationship between interest in weight loss and satisfaction with popular diet techniques.

This study examined the impact of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on respiratory function, trunk control, and balance in individual's poststroke. Thirty stroke patients were randomly divided into an IMT group (n=15) and a conventional neurodevelopmental treatment (CNT) group (n=15). Both groups underwent 30-min sessions, 5 times per week, over 6 weeks. Respiratory function was measured using the POWER-breathe K5 and a spirometer. Balance was evaluated using the trunk impairment scale (TIS), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. The IMT group showed significant improvements in maximal inspiratory pressure, maximal inspiratory flow rate, maximal inspiratory capacity, peak expiratory flow, and forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (P<0.05). The CNT group showed no significant changes in respiratory outcomes. Both groups improved in TIS, BBS, and TUG scores, with no significant differences between them. IMT led to notable gains in respiratory function and showed positive trends in trunk control and balance. These results indicate that IMT may be a beneficial addition to stroke rehabilitation focused on respiratory and postural improvement.

This study investigated the frequency-specific effects of high- and low-frequency neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on neuromuscular function and muscle quality. Sixteen healthy young males were randomly assigned to either a high-frequency stimulation group (HFES, 100 Hz; n=8) or a low-frequency stimulation group (LFES, 50 Hz; n=8) for 6 weeks of NMES intervention. Neuromuscular function was assessed using maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), while muscle quality of the rectus femoris (RF) and vastus lateralis (VL) was evaluated via ultrasound echo intensity (EI). Assessments were taken at baseline, midintervention (week 3), and postintervention (weeks 6, 8 and 10). HFES significantly increased MVIC during the intervention, indicating an immediate neuromuscular improvement. In contrast, LFES showed delayed effects, with significant EI improvements in RF and VL emerging only after the intervention ended. Statistical analysis revealed a significant interaction effect between time and intervention for MVIC and EI, highlighting the frequency-dependent nature of NMES adaptations. These results suggest that NMES induces neuromuscular adaptations in healthy adult males, with HFES promoting immediate gains and LFES leading to delayed benefits. Thus, frequency selection is critical in designing effective NMES protocols.