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Do Experimental Forests and Ranges of the Southeastern United States Represent the Climate, Ecosystem Structure, and Ecosystem Functions of the Region? 美国东南部的实验森林和牧场是否代表了该地区的气候、生态系统结构和生态系统功能?
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q2 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1093/jofore/fvae020
Jingfeng Xiao, Ge Sun, Kevin M Potter, Johnny Boggs, Qingyuan Zhang, Steven G McNulty
There are twenty experimental forest and range sites (EFRs) across the southeastern United States that are currently maintained by the USDA Forest Service (Forest Service) to conduct forest ecosystem research for addressing ecosystem management challenges. The overall objective of this study was to use multiple gridded datasets to assess the extent to which the twenty EFRs represent the climate, ecosystem structure, and ecosystem functions of southeastern forests. The EFRs represent the large variability of climate conditions across the region relatively well, but we identified small representation gaps. The representativeness of ecosystem structure by these EFRs can be improved by establishing EFRs in forests with relatively low tree cover, leaf area index, or tree canopy height. The current EFRs also represent the forest ecosystem functions of the region relatively well, although areas with intermediate and low aboveground biomass and water yield are not well represented. The trends in climate, ecosystem structure, and ecosystem functions were generally consistent between the region and the EFRs. Our study indicates that the current EFRs represent the region relatively well, but establishing additional EFRs in specific areas within the region could help more completely assess how southeastern forests respond to climate change, disturbance, and management practices. Study Implications This study across the experimental forests and ranges (EFRs) and the southeastern forest region fills the knowledge gap regarding climate, ecosystem structure, and ecosystem functions of EFRs in the context of the broader southeastern forest region. Understanding ecosystem functions and structures across the EFR network can help the Southern Research Station to address new research questions. Our study indicates that the current EFRs represent the climate, ecosystem structure, and ecosystem functions of southeastern forests well. However, establishing additional EFRs in certain regions could help more completely assess how southeastern forests respond to climate change, disturbance, and management practices.
美国东南部有二十个森林和牧场实验点(EFRs),目前由美国农业部林务局(Forest Service)负责维护,以开展森林生态系统研究,应对生态系统管理方面的挑战。本研究的总体目标是使用多个网格数据集来评估二十个试验区在多大程度上代表了东南部森林的气候、生态系统结构和生态系统功能。EFR 相对较好地代表了整个地区气候条件的巨大变异性,但我们也发现了一些小的代表性差距。通过在树木覆盖率、叶面积指数或树冠高度相对较低的森林中建立 EFRs,可以提高这些 EFRs 对生态系统结构的代表性。目前的生态影响因子也相对较好地代表了该地区的森林生态系统功能,尽管中等和较低地上生物量和产水量的地区没有得到很好的代表。气候、生态系统结构和生态系统功能的变化趋势在该地区和 EFRs 之间基本一致。我们的研究表明,目前的 EFR 相对较好地代表了该地区,但在该地区的特定区域建立更多的 EFR 有助于更全面地评估东南部森林如何应对气候变化、干扰和管理措施。研究意义 这项横跨实验林场和东南部林区的研究填补了在更广泛的东南部林区背景下有关实验林场的气候、生态系统结构和生态系统功能的知识空白。了解整个 EFR 网络的生态系统功能和结构有助于南方研究站解决新的研究问题。我们的研究表明,目前的 EFR 很好地代表了东南部森林的气候、生态系统结构和生态系统功能。然而,在某些地区建立更多的生态影响因子有助于更全面地评估东南部森林如何应对气候变化、干扰和管理措施。
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引用次数: 0
Quantifying the Variability of “Fixed-Width” Buffers on Harvested Lands in Western Oregon and Washington 量化俄勒冈州和华盛顿州西部采伐地 "固定宽度 "缓冲区的可变性
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q2 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-07-13 DOI: 10.1093/jofore/fvae018
Allison G Swartz, Ashley A Coble, Evan A Thaler, Dana R Warren
In contemporary forest management, buffers of unharvested trees are left along streams to protect riparian and aquatic ecosystems. Buffer regulations often focus on specific minimum width requirements, which aid in straightforward regulation and application, but minimum widths also suggest buffered edges are uniform and contain little variability. Conceptual papers suggest that alternative buffer configurations may offer greater flexibility in landscape-level protection, increase forest complexity, and enhance aquatic and riparian biodiversity. However, before considering alternatives to fixed-width buffers, it is necessary to quantify the inherent variability in current buffer practices present on the landscape. In this study, we used aerial imagery to quantify variability of buffer widths in two hundred randomly selected recently harvested units on managed land in Oregon and Washington with both fish-bearing and non-fish-bearing sections of stream. Wider buffers on larger streams had a greater magnitude of variability, but when normalized by stream size, variation was greater in smaller streams, and overall, variation ranged from 25% to 50% of the mean width. Despite local variability, buffer widths rarely fell below 9.14 m (30 ft). The variation quantified here provides an initial measure of variability to inform future management, given emerging interest in variable retention buffers. Study Implications: In contemporary forest management, riparian and aquatic habitat protection usually relies on minimum buffer width regulations. Minimum requirements create the perception that buffered edges are uniform distances from streams containing little variability, so conceptual papers have suggested alternative buffer configurations with variable retention edges to enhance ecological benefits. However, there are several reasons why, in practice, buffer widths may vary substantially from minimum sizes within and across harvest units under current forest management, but this potential variation has not been quantified. Before considering alternative riparian management options, it is necessary to quantify and understand the inherent variability in current practices. By utilizing high-resolution aerial imagery and digital elevation models, we quantified buffer width variation. Using a set of two hundred recently harvested units, we demonstrate notable buffer width variation across managed Pacific Northwest forests. We attribute the variation in buffer widths to the presence of road crossings, tributary junctions, underlying valley slope and slope variation, and flexibility in regulations that may be overlooked in broad evaluations of strict minimum widths. Understanding fundamental information about buffer width variability provides information about current practices and provides a standard against which proposed increases in variability may be compared.
在现代森林管理中,溪流沿岸会留有未采伐树木的缓冲区,以保护河岸和水生生态系统。缓冲区规定通常侧重于具体的最小宽度要求,这有助于直接监管和应用,但最小宽度也表明缓冲区边缘是统一的,几乎不包含变化。概念性文件表明,替代性缓冲区配置可为景观级保护提供更大的灵活性,增加森林的复杂性,并提高水生生物和河岸生物的多样性。然而,在考虑固定宽度缓冲区的替代方案之前,有必要量化当前景观中缓冲区做法的内在可变性。在这项研究中,我们使用航拍图像对俄勒冈州和华盛顿州管理区内两百个随机选取的近期采伐单位的缓冲区宽度变化进行了量化,这些单位既有含鱼河段,也有不含鱼河段。较大溪流上较宽的缓冲区的变异幅度较大,但当按溪流大小归一化时,较小溪流的变异更大,总体而言,变异范围为平均宽度的 25% 到 50% 之间。尽管存在局部变化,但缓冲区宽度很少低于 9.14 米(30 英尺)。鉴于人们对可变保留缓冲区的兴趣日渐浓厚,这里量化的变化为未来管理提供了一个初步的可变性衡量标准。研究意义:在当代森林管理中,河岸和水生栖息地保护通常依赖于最小缓冲区宽度规定。最低要求给人的感觉是缓冲区边缘与溪流的距离是一致的,几乎没有变化,因此概念性论文建议采用可变保留边缘的替代缓冲区配置来提高生态效益。但实际上,在当前的森林管理下,缓冲区宽度可能与采伐单元内和采伐单元间的最小尺寸相差很大,这其中有几个原因,但这种潜在的变化尚未被量化。在考虑其他河岸管理方案之前,有必要量化并了解当前实践中固有的变化。通过利用高分辨率航空图像和数字高程模型,我们对缓冲区宽度的变化进行了量化。利用一组两百个最近采伐的单元,我们展示了太平洋西北部森林管理中缓冲区宽度的显著变化。我们将缓冲区宽度的变化归因于道路交叉口的存在、支流交汇处、潜在的山谷坡度和坡度变化,以及在严格的最小宽度的广泛评估中可能被忽视的法规灵活性。了解缓冲区宽度变化的基本信息可提供有关当前做法的信息,并提供一个标准,可用于比较建议增加的变化。
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引用次数: 0
Quiz 小测验
IF 1.8 3区 农林科学 Q2 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1093/jofore/fvae019
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引用次数: 0
Logging Business Challenges in the US South and Lake States 美国南部和湖泊州伐木业面临的挑战
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-06 DOI: 10.1093/jofore/fvae016
Joseph L Conrad, Charlie Blinn
Logging businesses are the critical link between forest management and the forest products industry. Through analysis of data from logging business owner surveys, contacts with trade associations, and personal contacts, six challenges facing logging businesses in the US South and the Lake States were identified: logging business consolidation, demographics and labor availability, changing markets, rising costs, timber transportation, and impacts from COVID-19. The impact of each challenge was summarized using data from peer-reviewed journal articles, trade publications, and federal databases. Although loggers are accustomed to fluctuations in their business environment, overcoming all of these challenges may have a profound impact on the logging sector and thus the wood supply chain. Owners may not be able to address all of these challenges without support from forest industry as well as logging and forestry trade associations who may be positioned to develop programs and advocate for the sector as a whole. Study Implications: A vibrant logging sector is essential to ensure forest management prescriptions are implemented and forest products mills, important economic drivers in rural areas, receive a consistent supply of raw material. In the short term, it is essential for logging business owners and procurement foresters to better understand logging costs and be quicker to negotiate adjustments when costs rise rapidly, as they did during 2020–2023. In the long term, individual logging businesses, forestry and logging trade associations, and forest industry should collaborate to address labor challenges and advocate for any needed policy changes.
伐木企业是森林管理和林产品行业之间的关键纽带。通过对伐木企业主调查数据的分析、与行业协会的联系以及个人接触,确定了美国南部和湖泊州伐木企业面临的六大挑战:伐木企业整合、人口和劳动力供应、市场变化、成本上升、木材运输以及 COVID-19 的影响。利用同行评审期刊论文、行业出版物和联邦数据库中的数据,总结了每项挑战的影响。尽管伐木者对其商业环境的波动习以为常,但克服所有这些挑战可能会对伐木业乃至木材供应链产生深远影响。如果没有林业以及伐木和林业贸易协会的支持,业主可能无法应对所有这些挑战,因为这些协会可能会制定计划并为整个行业进行宣传。研究意义:一个充满活力的伐木业对于确保森林管理规定的实施和林产品加工厂(农村地区重要的经济驱动力)获得稳定的原材料供应至关重要。从短期来看,伐木企业主和采购林业人员必须更好地了解伐木成本,并在成本迅速上涨时(如 2020-2023 年期间)更快地协商调整。从长远来看,个体伐木企业、林业和伐木行业协会以及森林产业应通力合作,共同应对劳动力挑战,并倡导任何必要的政策变革。
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引用次数: 0
Private Woodland Owner Perceptions of Threat and Efficacy Shape Management Responses for Climate Change Adaptation 私人林地所有者对威胁和有效性的看法决定了适应气候变化的管理对策
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.1093/jofore/fvae017
Peter Breigenzer, Jessica E Leahy, N. S. Rogers, J. Wason
Private woodland owners (PWOs) face an increasing number of considerations for climate change adaptation and mitigation activities in their forest management. Evidence suggests there may be a disconnect between PWOs’ climate change perceptions and behaviors, which can limit implementation. We conducted seventeen semistructured interviews in Maine to develop a typological framework of PWOs based on their perceptions of climate-induced threats and efficacy. Our results produced three types of PWOs: the steady-as-they-go landowner (low perceived threat), the science-driven landowner (high perceived threat; high efficacy), and the seeking-support landowner (high perceived threat; low efficacy). Although all three types of PWOs regularly implemented resistance and resilience practices, their attitudes toward transition practices (i.e., assisted migration) diverged based on their perceptions of threat and efficacy. This typological framework can be used when targeting communications to PWOs regarding the overlap between climate adaptive management and traditional best management practices. Study Implications: PWOs in our study recognized climate-related impacts while implementing diverse forest management practices to meet both climate-related and non-climate-related objectives. The divergent attitudes toward transition practices exhibited by our three PWO types highlight the notion that adaptive practices can be both intentional and incidental. Our findings suggest that outreach efforts should understand PWO perceptions of climate change threats and their feelings of efficacy in responding to such threats. When combined with knowledge about the overlap between traditional best management practices and new climate-adaptive strategies, extension and outreach efforts can tailor their messaging to fit the appropriate audience.
私人林地所有者(PWOs)在森林管理中面临着越来越多的适应和减缓气候变化活动的考虑。有证据表明,私人林地所有者对气候变化的认识与行为之间可能存在脱节,这可能会限制实施。我们在缅因州进行了 17 次半结构式访谈,根据公共工程组织对气候引起的威胁和有效性的看法,建立了一个公共工程组织类型框架。我们的结果得出了三种类型的公共工程所有者:稳健的土地所有者(低感知威胁)、科学驱动型土地所有者(高感知威胁;高功效)和寻求支持型土地所有者(高感知威胁;低功效)。尽管这三类公共工程所有者都经常采取抵制和恢复措施,但他们对过渡措施(即协助迁移)的态度却因其对威胁和功效的感知而有所不同。在向公共工程组织宣传气候适应性管理与传统最佳管理实践之间的重叠时,可以使用这一类型框架。研究意义:在我们的研究中,公共工程组织认识到了与气候相关的影响,同时实施了多种森林管理措施,以实现与气候相关和非气候相关的目标。三种类型的公共工程组织对过渡性实践的不同态度突出表明,适应性实践既可以是有意的,也可以是偶然的。我们的研究结果表明,外联工作应了解公共工程组织对气候变化威胁的看法以及他们在应对这些威胁时的效能感。如果结合有关传统最佳管理实践与新的气候适应战略之间的重叠的知识,推广和外联工作就可以根据适当的受众定制信息。
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引用次数: 0
An Analysis of Political Identity Development in State Forest Advisory Groups 国家森林咨询小组政治认同发展分析
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-27 DOI: 10.1093/jofore/fvae014
Gavriela Mallory, Mindy S Crandall, Reem Hajjar, Jessica Leahy
Purposive stakeholder involvement in public lands management has grown in the United States in recent decades. These collaborative efforts can serve land managers by increasing available resources, fostering creativity, and augmenting public buy-in to processes and outcomes. Whereas such advantages seem to reflect the benefit of democratic norms, few studies have assessed the democratic legitimacy of collaborative natural resource planning initiatives. Additionally, although collaboration on federal lands has been studied extensively, little is documented about stakeholder engagement in state lands management. Through a comparative case study of state forest advisory groups in New York’s High Peaks Region and Oregon’s Elliott State Forest, this article assesses the democratic norm of political identity development by investigating how participants characterize their impacts. Results indicate that participants consistently influenced group processes and outcomes and changed personally through the work of deliberation. However, these impacts were mediated by inclusion and power dynamics at multiple scales. Study Implications: Collaborative forest planning initiatives may benefit land managers by increasing available resources, promoting creativity, and developing public buy-in to processes and outcomes. Such benefits depend on impactful stakeholder participation; if collaborative initiatives only empower the historically powerful, advantages may be limited. This study uses participants’ perceived impacts in forest planning efforts as a partial proxy for the quality of collaboration. We demonstrate that participant perceptions of their impacts are shaped by inclusion, influence, process structure, conversational quality, and the duration of collaborative institutions. By attending to these factors, land managers can bolster the advantages of collaborative planning efforts.
近几十年来,利益相关者有目的性地参与公共土地管理在美国日益增多。这些合作努力可以通过增加可用资源、促进创造性以及提高公众对过程和结果的认同度来服务于土地管理者。虽然这些优势似乎反映了民主规范的好处,但很少有研究对自然资源规划合作倡议的民主合法性进行评估。此外,尽管对联邦土地上的合作进行了广泛研究,但对利益相关者参与州土地管理的研究却很少。本文通过对纽约州高峰地区和俄勒冈州埃利奥特州立森林咨询小组的比较案例研究,通过调查参与者如何描述其影响来评估政治认同发展的民主规范。结果表明,参与者通过审议工作不断影响小组进程和结果,并改变了个人。然而,这些影响在多个层面上受到包容性和权力动态的影响。研究意义:合作性森林规划倡议可通过增加可用资源、促进创造性以及培养公众对进程和结果的认同感,使土地管理者受益。这些益处取决于利益相关者有影响力的参与;如果合作计划只赋予历史上有权势的人权力,那么优势可能会很有限。本研究使用参与者在森林规划工作中感知到的影响作为合作质量的部分替代指标。我们证明,参与者对自身影响的认知受包容性、影响力、过程结构、对话质量以及合作机构持续时间的影响。通过关注这些因素,土地管理者可以加强合作规划工作的优势。
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引用次数: 0
Wildfire Management Strategy and Its Relation to Operational Risk 野火管理战略及其与运营风险的关系
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-13 DOI: 10.1093/jofore/fvae009
Erin Noonan-Wright, Carl Seielstad
Changes to US wildfire policy in 2009 blurred the distinction between fires managed for resource benefits and fires with primarily suppression objectives, making management strategies difficult to track. Here, qualitative text is coded from a sample of 282 Wildland Fire Decision Support System Relative Risk Assessments completed on wildfires between 2010 and 2017 to examine the prevalence of different strategies and their associations with risk. Suppression is used most, associated with high risk. Managers discuss intent to suppress even when it is untenable. Monitoring, confine, or point protection are used much less commonly and when risk is low. The Southwest region discusses a diversity of strategies, leveraging landscape barriers from past management to support them; the Northwest discusses suppression or monitoring and rarely links strategy selection to barriers. Based on associations between physical barriers to fire spread, risk, and strategy, creating more barriers may provide a path forward to better implement fire policy. Study Implications: Systematic analysis of text data in wildfire decision documents provides insights into how fires are managed. Most wildfires are still aggressively suppressed despite federal fire policy promoting the use of fire to enhance resources. When managers discuss risk during wildfires, it is evident that physical barriers to fire spread (e.g., rivers, roads, trails, rocky scree), including mechanical fuel treatments, prescribed fires, and previous wildfires, are important factors in operational fire planning. However, management strategies promoting the use of wildfire to enhance ecological resiliency or reduce transmission of future fires to values are used sparingly. Southwest fire managers are relying on past wildfires, fuel treatments, and prescribed fires more so than the Northwest to engage in a full spectrum of fire management strategies. This finding suggests that, at least in some geographies, ongoing investments in fuels management will pay dividends in reducing risk and broadening opportunities to meet federal policy goals.
2009 年美国野火政策的变化模糊了以资源效益为管理目的的火灾和以扑灭为主要目的的火灾之间的区别,使得管理策略难以追踪。在此,我们对 2010 年至 2017 年间完成的 282 份野地火灾决策支持系统相对风险评估样本中的定性文本进行了编码,以研究不同策略的普遍性及其与风险的关联。压制使用最多,与高风险相关。管理者在讨论压制意图时,甚至在压制站不住脚的情况下。监测、限制或定点保护的使用率要低得多,而且是在风险较低的情况下。西南地区讨论了多种策略,利用过去管理中的地形障碍来支持这些策略;西北地区讨论的是压制或监测,很少将策略选择与障碍联系起来。根据火灾蔓延的物理障碍、风险和策略之间的联系,设置更多障碍可能会为更好地执行防火政策提供一条前进之路。研究意义:通过对野火决策文件中的文本数据进行系统分析,可以深入了解火灾的管理方式。尽管联邦消防政策提倡利用火灾来增加资源,但大多数野火仍被积极扑灭。当管理人员讨论野火期间的风险时,很明显,阻挡火势蔓延的物理障碍(如河流、道路、小径、岩石碎屑),包括机械燃料处理、规定用火和以前的野火,都是火灾行动规划中的重要因素。然而,提倡使用野火来提高生态恢复能力或减少未来火灾对价值的传播的管理策略却很少使用。与西北地区相比,西南地区的火灾管理者更依赖于过去的野火、燃料处理和预设火灾来参与全方位的火灾管理策略。这一发现表明,至少在某些地区,对燃料管理的持续投资将在降低风险和扩大实现联邦政策目标的机会方面带来回报。
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引用次数: 0
Ten-Year Response of Riparian-Associated Songbirds to Implementation of Streamside Management Zones in Watershed-Scale Harvests in the Appalachian Mountains 阿巴拉契亚山脉分水岭伐木区溪边管理区实施十年来溪边相关鸣禽的反应
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-04 DOI: 10.1093/jofore/fvae008
Zachary J Hackworth, John J Cox, Jeffery L Larkin, Wendy Leuenberger, Joshua M Felch, Allison G Davis, Christopher D Barton
Streamside management zones (SMZs) are regulated components of actively managed forests in the eastern United States, but width and overstory retention requirements vary widely among states. Within watershed-scale harvests, we evaluated the relative abundances of three riparian-associated songbirds (Acadian flycatcher, Empidonax virescens; blue-headed vireo, Vireo solitarius; and Louisiana waterthrush, Parkesia motacilla) near Appalachian headwater streams receiving three SMZ treatments representative of a range of current state SMZ regulations in the eastern United States. Prior to harvest, all species were relatively abundant near all stream types, including ephemerals. Abundances of all species were largely similar among SMZ treatments at 3 years and 10 years postharvest and were higher along streams with greater residual canopy cover within 100 m. Forested SMZs as prescribed by current regulations can sustain these species in managed forests up to 10 years postharvest, but abundance appears to be driven largely by canopy cover retention in adjacent stands. Managing habitat for riparian-associated songbirds in harvested watersheds will require expanding the extent of focus beyond the local stream corridor to include consideration of silvicultural systems that retain greater canopy cover in surrounding forests. Where conservation of riparian-associated songbirds is a management objective, SMZ protection should be extended to all streams. Study Implications. The results of this study suggest that forested streamside management zones (SMZs) mandated by contemporary best management practices (BMPs) in Kentucky and other eastern US states can sustain similar abundances of three riparian-associated songbirds in managed watersheds up to 10 years after harvest. Overstory retention in SMZs along perennial and intermittent streams is common across the eastern United States, but state BMPs rarely require retention along ephemeral streams. Target songbird species occupied forests along all stream types prior to harvest, and their postharvest abundances were positively associated with canopy retention within 100 m of streams. If long-term occupancy of managed stands by riparian-associated songbirds is an objective, we recommend using SMZs around all streams, including ephemerals, and implementing at least moderate-retention silvicultural systems in areas within 100 m of streams.
溪边管理区(SMZ)是美国东部积极管理森林的规范组成部分,但各州对管理区的宽度和上层林木保留的要求却大相径庭。在流域尺度的采伐范围内,我们评估了阿巴拉契亚源头溪流附近三种与河岸相关的鸣禽(阿卡迪亚蝇鴷 Empidonax virescens、蓝头蝰 Vireo solitarius 和路易斯安那水鸟 Parkesia motacilla)的相对丰度,这些溪流接受了三种 SMZ 处理,代表了美国东部目前各州 SMZ 规定的范围。在采伐之前,所有物种在所有类型的溪流(包括短流)附近都比较丰富。在采伐后 3 年和 10 年,所有物种在 SMZ 处理中的丰度基本相似,而在 100 米范围内残余树冠覆盖率较高的溪流沿岸,所有物种的丰度都较高。根据现行法规规定的森林 SMZ 可使这些物种在采伐后 10 年的管理林中得以生存,但丰度似乎主要受邻近林分中树冠覆盖率的影响。在采伐流域管理与河岸相关的鸣禽栖息地需要将关注范围扩大到当地溪流走廊以外,包括考虑在周围森林中保留更多树冠覆盖物的造林系统。如果保护与河岸相关的鸣禽是一项管理目标,则 SMZ 保护范围应扩大到所有溪流。研究意义。本研究的结果表明,肯塔基州和美国东部其他州的当代最佳管理实践(BMP)所规定的森林溪边管理区(SMZ)可在采伐后 10 年内维持管理流域中三种与河岸相关的鸣禽的类似丰度。在美国东部,沿多年生和间歇性溪流的 SMZ 中保留上层林木的做法很普遍,但各州的 BMP 很少要求保留沿短暂溪流的林木。目标鸣禽物种在采伐前占据了所有溪流类型沿岸的森林,其采伐后的丰度与溪流 100 米范围内的冠层保留呈正相关。如果河岸相关鸣禽长期占据受管理林分是一个目标,我们建议在所有溪流(包括瞬息溪流)周围使用 SMZ,并在溪流 100 米范围内实施至少中等保留率的造林系统。
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引用次数: 0
Stormwise: Innovative Forest Management to Promote Storm Resistance in Roadside Forests Stormwise:创新森林管理,提高路旁森林的抗风能力
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-03 DOI: 10.1093/jofore/fvae011
Thomas Worthley, Amanda Bunce, Anita T Morzillo, Chandi Witharana, Zhe Zhu, Jacob Cabral, Emlyn Crocker, Nicholas Cranmer, Steven DiFalco, Daniel Hale, Durga Joshi, Danielle P Kloster, Nancy Marek, Jason Parent, Julia Rogers, Mark Rudnicki, Kexin Song, John Volin, Jeffrey Ward, Harshana Wedagedara, Robert T Fahey
A growing proportion of forested landscapes are interspersed with human infrastructure, such as utility lines and roads, increasing the potential for tree-failure consequences due to storms and other causes. Utilities and other institutions have strong incentives to reduce such interactions and allocate substantial resources to risk reduction, but trees and forests in densely populated landscapes also provide significant amenities to society. We present a generalized framework for “Stormwise” forest management, focused on resistance of roadside forests to storms, based on elements of arboricultural and silvicultural practice and tree biomechanics and architecture. We detail results of a multidisciplinary research program focused on management outcomes, opportunities and barriers to implementation, and allocation of investment based on physical and social landscape characteristics. We discuss initial findings, the potential for widespread adoption of resilience-focused management in roadside and infrastructure-adjacent forests, and the importance of such work, considering a changing climate. Study Implications: The research and implementation program we detail here illustrates the potential for “Stormwise” forest management to reduce storm-damage recovery costs, result in fewer and shorter-duration power and transportation interruptions, and allow for low-investment ground-based management in future forest entries. We illustrate a multifaceted, interdisciplinary research program that links the geospatial, social, and biophysical components of understanding forest infrastructure systems. We illustrate how implementation of Stormwise management has the potential to benefit stakeholders such as residents and utilities, offset the substantial economic costs of tree-related power outages, and reduce societal disruptions associated with interactions between trees and infrastructure during storms.
越来越多的森林景观与公用设施线路和道路等人类基础设施相互交错,增加了因风暴和其他原因导致树木倒塌的可能性。公用事业和其他机构有强烈的动机来减少这种相互作用,并为降低风险分配大量资源,但人口稠密地区的树木和森林也为社会提供了重要的便利。我们基于树木学和造林学实践以及树木生物力学和结构等要素,提出了一个 "风暴智 "森林管理的通用框架,重点关注路边森林对风暴的抵抗力。我们详细介绍了一项多学科研究计划的成果,该计划重点关注管理成果、实施机会和障碍,以及基于自然和社会景观特征的投资分配。考虑到不断变化的气候,我们讨论了初步研究结果、在路旁和基础设施附近森林中广泛采用以恢复力为重点的管理的潜力以及此类工作的重要性。研究意义:我们在此详细介绍的研究和实施计划说明了 "风暴智慧型 "森林管理的潜力,它可以降低风暴破坏的恢复成本,减少和缩短电力和交通中断的持续时间,并允许在未来的森林项目中进行低投资的地面管理。我们展示了一项多方面、跨学科的研究计划,该计划将了解森林基础设施系统的地理空间、社会和生物物理要素联系起来。我们说明了风暴智管理的实施如何为居民和公用事业等利益相关者带来好处,如何抵消与树木相关的停电所造成的巨大经济损失,以及如何减少与风暴期间树木和基础设施之间的相互作用相关的社会干扰。
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引用次数: 0
Quiz 小测验
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1093/jofore/fvae013
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Journal of Forestry
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