A method to estimate the direct and indirect changes in local area employment, income distribution, and tax revenues is given and its usefulness for evaluating various Forest Service policies illustrated. Policies studied are those which decrease allowable timber cut by 10 percent, decrease animal units on the forest by 20 percent, and increase forest-related tourism by 10 percent in two trade areas of Arizona. The policies have a combined effect which only marginally changes employment in each area. Timber and range policies are regressive with respect to income distribution, and the tourism policy is progressive. The individual and combined effects of the assumed policies on tax revenues are small. Policy effects vary among areas of differing economic structures.
{"title":"Determining Local Employment, Distribution, and Tax Revenue Effects of Changes in Forest and Range Policies","authors":"Gary B. Snider, Harry W. Ayer","doi":"10.1093/jof/80.4.226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jof/80.4.226","url":null,"abstract":"A method to estimate the direct and indirect changes in local area employment, income distribution, and tax revenues is given and its usefulness for evaluating various Forest Service policies illustrated. Policies studied are those which decrease allowable timber cut by 10 percent, decrease animal units on the forest by 20 percent, and increase forest-related tourism by 10 percent in two trade areas of Arizona. The policies have a combined effect which only marginally changes employment in each area. Timber and range policies are regressive with respect to income distribution, and the tourism policy is progressive. The individual and combined effects of the assumed policies on tax revenues are small. Policy effects vary among areas of differing economic structures.","PeriodicalId":15821,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forestry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140590880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Florida posseses climatic, land, and water resources favorable for abundant biomass production. Therefore, a statewide program has been initiated to determine adapted species for the available array of production sites. Plant resources under investigation include woody, aquatic, grasses, hydrocarbon, and root crop species. The goal is to produce a continuous stream of biomass for the various biofuel conversion options. Preliminary yields from energy cropping experiments, range from about 10 to nearly 90 metric tons per hectare per year, depending on the crop and the production system employed.
{"title":"Biomass Production in Florida","authors":"Wayne H. Smith, Marybruce L. Dowd","doi":"10.1093/jof/79.8.508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jof/79.8.508","url":null,"abstract":"Florida posseses climatic, land, and water resources favorable for abundant biomass production. Therefore, a statewide program has been initiated to determine adapted species for the available array of production sites. Plant resources under investigation include woody, aquatic, grasses, hydrocarbon, and root crop species. The goal is to produce a continuous stream of biomass for the various biofuel conversion options. Preliminary yields from energy cropping experiments, range from about 10 to nearly 90 metric tons per hectare per year, depending on the crop and the production system employed.","PeriodicalId":15821,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forestry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140590904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This section contains all the presentation abstracts from the “Professional Development Workshops” track of the 2015 Society of American Foresters National Convention, held November 3-7 in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
{"title":"Abstract","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/jof/114.2.210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jof/114.2.210","url":null,"abstract":"This section contains all the presentation abstracts from the “Professional Development Workshops” track of the 2015 Society of American Foresters National Convention, held November 3-7 in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.","PeriodicalId":15821,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forestry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140590888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 1967, black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) seedlings from 15 to 25 provenances were planted at eight locations in the Midwest. In 1973, a similar plantation was established near Yoncalla, Oregon. Results show that, within the species' natural range, provenances can be moved as much as 200 miles northward without the likelihood of cold damage. In general, growth of trees from southern sources exceeds that of trees from northern sources.
1967 年，来自 15 到 25 个产地的黑胡桃 (Juglans nigra L.) 树苗被种植在美国中西部的八个地方。1973 年，在俄勒冈州扬卡拉附近建立了一个类似的种植园。结果表明，在该树种的自然分布范围内，可以向北移动 200 英里而不会受到寒害。一般来说，来自南方的树木生长速度超过来自北方的树木。
{"title":"Growth Gains from Moving Black Walnut Provenances Northward","authors":"Calvin F. Bey","doi":"10.1093/jof/78.10.640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jof/78.10.640","url":null,"abstract":"In 1967, black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) seedlings from 15 to 25 provenances were planted at eight locations in the Midwest. In 1973, a similar plantation was established near Yoncalla, Oregon. Results show that, within the species' natural range, provenances can be moved as much as 200 miles northward without the likelihood of cold damage. In general, growth of trees from southern sources exceeds that of trees from northern sources.","PeriodicalId":15821,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forestry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140590897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article contains all poster abstracts from the Wildland Fire track of the 2013 Society of American Foresters National Convention.
这篇文章收录了 2013 年美国林务人员协会全国大会 "荒地火灾 "分会的所有海报摘要。
{"title":"Abstract","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/jof/112.1.166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jof/112.1.166","url":null,"abstract":"The article contains all poster abstracts from the Wildland Fire track of the 2013 Society of American Foresters National Convention.","PeriodicalId":15821,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forestry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140590906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We evaluated the effect of large-scale forest harvest on the production, nutritive quality, twig size, and use of four preferred species of browse by white-tailed deer in a spruce-fir forest in New Hampshire. Red maple produced the most new twigs (44-fold increase 3 years after harvest), and 99% of these were sprouts from stumps. Mountain maple and mountain ash twig production increased by factors of 3.5 and 1.9, respectively, and most twigs were borne on stems that survived the clearcutting. Most yellow birch (4-fold increase after 3 years) colonized from newly dispersed seed. For all species of browse except yellow birch, clearcutting resulted in (1) significantly larger, heavier twigs, and (2) significantly higher concentrations of protein and soluble carbohydrates. Deer removed a higher proportion of twigs from the clearcut than from the uncut forest. Mountain ash and mountain maple were the preferred species on both sites. Management implications are discussed.
{"title":"Availability, Quality, and Selection of Browse by White-Tailed Deer After Clearcutting","authors":"Jeffrey W. Hughes, Timothy J. Fahey","doi":"10.1093/jof/89.10.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jof/89.10.31","url":null,"abstract":"We evaluated the effect of large-scale forest harvest on the production, nutritive quality, twig size, and use of four preferred species of browse by white-tailed deer in a spruce-fir forest in New Hampshire. Red maple produced the most new twigs (44-fold increase 3 years after harvest), and 99% of these were sprouts from stumps. Mountain maple and mountain ash twig production increased by factors of 3.5 and 1.9, respectively, and most twigs were borne on stems that survived the clearcutting. Most yellow birch (4-fold increase after 3 years) colonized from newly dispersed seed. For all species of browse except yellow birch, clearcutting resulted in (1) significantly larger, heavier twigs, and (2) significantly higher concentrations of protein and soluble carbohydrates. Deer removed a higher proportion of twigs from the clearcut than from the uncut forest. Mountain ash and mountain maple were the preferred species on both sites. Management implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":15821,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forestry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140574336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Birds were censused in six communities within a lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) forest in the Uinta Mountains of Utah: wet and dry meadows, mature and stagnated lodgepole pine stands, and openings made by clearcutting in 1940 and 1960 and presently having regenerating lodgepole pine stands. The richest avifauna was in the dry meadows, a finding that suggests the need to protect these areas from disturbance. Although a few bird species were adversely affected by clearcutting, many were more numerous in the clearcut areas than in unlogged stands, and the number of species remained about the same. Disturbance of the stagnated stands would be highly beneficial to birds.
{"title":"Birds in Six Communities within a Lodgepole Pine Forest","authors":"Dennis D. Austin, Michael L. Perry","doi":"10.1093/jof/77.9.584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jof/77.9.584","url":null,"abstract":"Birds were censused in six communities within a lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) forest in the Uinta Mountains of Utah: wet and dry meadows, mature and stagnated lodgepole pine stands, and openings made by clearcutting in 1940 and 1960 and presently having regenerating lodgepole pine stands. The richest avifauna was in the dry meadows, a finding that suggests the need to protect these areas from disturbance. Although a few bird species were adversely affected by clearcutting, many were more numerous in the clearcut areas than in unlogged stands, and the number of species remained about the same. Disturbance of the stagnated stands would be highly beneficial to birds.","PeriodicalId":15821,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forestry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140602818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent studies show that the demands for timber from domestic forests are likely to grow rapidly in the decades ahead. Supplies, on the other hand, will increase rather slowly if forests continue to be managed much as they have been. These projections and the widening gap between them have been viewed by some in terms of a physical shortfall. In a free market economy, however, there will not be a shortfall. Prices will rise until there is an equilibrium between demands and supplies. Rising relative prices will limit the expansion potential of the timber industries. They will also mean higher costs to consumers, increased dependence on imports, greater environmental costs associated with expanding use of substitutes, and acceleration in the rate of use of nonrenewable resource.
{"title":"Does the U.S. Face a Shortfall of Timber?","authors":"Dwight Hair","doi":"10.1093/jof/76.5.276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jof/76.5.276","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies show that the demands for timber from domestic forests are likely to grow rapidly in the decades ahead. Supplies, on the other hand, will increase rather slowly if forests continue to be managed much as they have been. These projections and the widening gap between them have been viewed by some in terms of a physical shortfall. In a free market economy, however, there will not be a shortfall. Prices will rise until there is an equilibrium between demands and supplies. Rising relative prices will limit the expansion potential of the timber industries. They will also mean higher costs to consumers, increased dependence on imports, greater environmental costs associated with expanding use of substitutes, and acceleration in the rate of use of nonrenewable resource.","PeriodicalId":15821,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forestry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140590882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trees with root diseases. especially not caused by Phellinus weirii, are subject to windthrow, and thus seriously threaten public safety in developed recreation sites in Pacific Northwest forests. Pathologists or specially trained foresters should inspect an area for root disease hazards before construction begins. When trees with diseased roots are found on sites that are already in operation, managers must reduce present and future hazards while maintaining the area's beauty.
{"title":"Hazards of Root Disease in Pacific Northwest Recreation Sites","authors":"Gregory M. Filip, Donald J. Goheen","doi":"10.1093/jof/80.3.163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jof/80.3.163","url":null,"abstract":"Trees with root diseases. especially not caused by Phellinus weirii, are subject to windthrow, and thus seriously threaten public safety in developed recreation sites in Pacific Northwest forests. Pathologists or specially trained foresters should inspect an area for root disease hazards before construction begins. When trees with diseased roots are found on sites that are already in operation, managers must reduce present and future hazards while maintaining the area's beauty.","PeriodicalId":15821,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forestry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140590886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Understanding the effect of the relationship between timber harvesting attributes on loggers’ productivity and efficiency is crucial for the feasibility and expansion of sustainable forest management and logging. We applied a stochastic production frontier model to firm-level operational data collected from 202 loggers in Virginia, United States, in 2019. Logging equipment value, physiographic region, tract area, number of workers and crews in the woods, college education level, and harvest type statistically increase harvesting productivity. Harvesting productivity in the Coastal Plain was the greatest of all physiographic regions, and pine clearcut productivity was statistically greater than that of hardwood thinning. On the other hand, manual felling reduces harvesting productivity. We found an average efficiency rate of 67% among firms in our sample, which is similar to that found in the literature. The estimated values can show factors that improve forest harvest productivity through better planning and investments while improving the sustainable use of inputs and resources. Study Implications: We empirically analyzed factors affecting logging productivity and efficiency in the southern US state of Virginia. Increased productivity was associated with working in the Coastal Plain physiographic region, investing in logging equipment, increasing the number of workers and crews in the woods, increasing pine clearcut as opposed to hardwood thinning, choosing optimal harvesting tract size, and having a college education as opposed to no high school degree. Manual felling reduces harvesting productivity, and average BMP implementation time does not affect harvesting productivity. Our results can be used as a guide in planning future decisions to increase logging productivity.
{"title":"A Stochastic Production Frontier Analysis of Factors That Affect Productivity and Efficiency of Logging Businesses in Virginia","authors":"Pedro J Sartori, Stella Z Schons, Scott Barrett","doi":"10.1093/jofore/fvae006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jofore/fvae006","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the effect of the relationship between timber harvesting attributes on loggers’ productivity and efficiency is crucial for the feasibility and expansion of sustainable forest management and logging. We applied a stochastic production frontier model to firm-level operational data collected from 202 loggers in Virginia, United States, in 2019. Logging equipment value, physiographic region, tract area, number of workers and crews in the woods, college education level, and harvest type statistically increase harvesting productivity. Harvesting productivity in the Coastal Plain was the greatest of all physiographic regions, and pine clearcut productivity was statistically greater than that of hardwood thinning. On the other hand, manual felling reduces harvesting productivity. We found an average efficiency rate of 67% among firms in our sample, which is similar to that found in the literature. The estimated values can show factors that improve forest harvest productivity through better planning and investments while improving the sustainable use of inputs and resources. Study Implications: We empirically analyzed factors affecting logging productivity and efficiency in the southern US state of Virginia. Increased productivity was associated with working in the Coastal Plain physiographic region, investing in logging equipment, increasing the number of workers and crews in the woods, increasing pine clearcut as opposed to hardwood thinning, choosing optimal harvesting tract size, and having a college education as opposed to no high school degree. Manual felling reduces harvesting productivity, and average BMP implementation time does not affect harvesting productivity. Our results can be used as a guide in planning future decisions to increase logging productivity.","PeriodicalId":15821,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Forestry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140315475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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