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Determining Local Employment, Distribution, and Tax Revenue Effects of Changes in Forest and Range Policies 确定森林和牧场政策变化对当地就业、分配和税收的影响
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1093/jof/80.4.226
Gary B. Snider, Harry W. Ayer
A method to estimate the direct and indirect changes in local area employment, income distribution, and tax revenues is given and its usefulness for evaluating various Forest Service policies illustrated. Policies studied are those which decrease allowable timber cut by 10 percent, decrease animal units on the forest by 20 percent, and increase forest-related tourism by 10 percent in two trade areas of Arizona. The policies have a combined effect which only marginally changes employment in each area. Timber and range policies are regressive with respect to income distribution, and the tourism policy is progressive. The individual and combined effects of the assumed policies on tax revenues are small. Policy effects vary among areas of differing economic structures.
本文给出了一种估算当地就业、收入分配和税收的直接和间接变化的方法,并说明了该方法在评估林业局各种政策方面的实用性。在亚利桑那州的两个贸易区,所研究的政策包括将允许的木材砍伐量减少 10%,将森林中的动物单位减少 20%,以及将与森林相关的旅游业增加 10%。这些政策产生的综合效应仅使每个地区的就业率略有变化。在收入分配方面,木材和牧场政策是递减的,而旅游业政策是递增的。假设政策对税收的单独影响和综合影响都很小。不同经济结构地区的政策效应各不相同。
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引用次数: 0
Biomass Production in Florida 佛罗里达州的生物质生产
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1093/jof/79.8.508
Wayne H. Smith, Marybruce L. Dowd
Florida posseses climatic, land, and water resources favorable for abundant biomass production. Therefore, a statewide program has been initiated to determine adapted species for the available array of production sites. Plant resources under investigation include woody, aquatic, grasses, hydrocarbon, and root crop species. The goal is to produce a continuous stream of biomass for the various biofuel conversion options. Preliminary yields from energy cropping experiments, range from about 10 to nearly 90 metric tons per hectare per year, depending on the crop and the production system employed.
佛罗里达州拥有丰富的生物质生产所需的气候、土地和水资源。因此,佛罗里达州启动了一项全州计划,以确定适合现有生产地点的物种。正在调查的植物资源包括木本植物、水生植物、禾本科植物、碳氢化合物和根茎作物。目标是为各种生物燃料转换方案生产源源不断的生物质。能源种植实验的初步产量从每年每公顷约 10 公吨到近 90 公吨不等,这取决于所采用的作物和生产系统。
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引用次数: 0
Abstract 摘要
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1093/jof/114.2.210
This section contains all the presentation abstracts from the “Professional Development Workshops” track of the 2015 Society of American Foresters National Convention, held November 3-7 in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
本部分包含 11 月 3 日至 7 日在路易斯安那州巴吞鲁日举行的 2015 年美国林学会全国大会 "专业发展研讨会 "单元的所有演讲摘要。
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引用次数: 0
Growth Gains from Moving Black Walnut Provenances Northward 黑胡桃原产地北移带来的增长收益
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1093/jof/78.10.640
Calvin F. Bey
In 1967, black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) seedlings from 15 to 25 provenances were planted at eight locations in the Midwest. In 1973, a similar plantation was established near Yoncalla, Oregon. Results show that, within the species' natural range, provenances can be moved as much as 200 miles northward without the likelihood of cold damage. In general, growth of trees from southern sources exceeds that of trees from northern sources.
1967 年,来自 15 到 25 个产地的黑胡桃 (Juglans nigra L.) 树苗被种植在美国中西部的八个地方。1973 年,在俄勒冈州扬卡拉附近建立了一个类似的种植园。结果表明,在该树种的自然分布范围内,可以向北移动 200 英里而不会受到寒害。一般来说,来自南方的树木生长速度超过来自北方的树木。
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引用次数: 0
Abstract 摘要
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1093/jof/112.1.166
The article contains all poster abstracts from the Wildland Fire track of the 2013 Society of American Foresters National Convention.
这篇文章收录了 2013 年美国林务人员协会全国大会 "荒地火灾 "分会的所有海报摘要。
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引用次数: 0
Availability, Quality, and Selection of Browse by White-Tailed Deer After Clearcutting 开垦后白尾鹿对草食的需求、质量和选择
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1093/jof/89.10.31
Jeffrey W. Hughes, Timothy J. Fahey
We evaluated the effect of large-scale forest harvest on the production, nutritive quality, twig size, and use of four preferred species of browse by white-tailed deer in a spruce-fir forest in New Hampshire. Red maple produced the most new twigs (44-fold increase 3 years after harvest), and 99% of these were sprouts from stumps. Mountain maple and mountain ash twig production increased by factors of 3.5 and 1.9, respectively, and most twigs were borne on stems that survived the clearcutting. Most yellow birch (4-fold increase after 3 years) colonized from newly dispersed seed. For all species of browse except yellow birch, clearcutting resulted in (1) significantly larger, heavier twigs, and (2) significantly higher concentrations of protein and soluble carbohydrates. Deer removed a higher proportion of twigs from the clearcut than from the uncut forest. Mountain ash and mountain maple were the preferred species on both sites. Management implications are discussed.
我们评估了大规模森林采伐对新罕布什尔州云杉-冷杉林中四种白尾鹿喜欢的食草的产量、营养质量、树枝大小和使用情况的影响。红枫产生的新树枝最多(采伐后 3 年增加了 44 倍),其中 99% 都是从树桩上长出来的。山枫树和山白蜡的树枝产量分别增加了 3.5 倍和 1.9 倍,而且大部分树枝都长在砍伐后存活下来的茎上。大多数黄桦(3 年后增加了 4 倍)都是从新散播的种子上长出来的。对于除黄桦以外的所有食草物种,砍伐都会导致:(1)树枝明显更大、更重;(2)蛋白质和可溶性碳水化合物的浓度明显更高。与未砍伐的森林相比,鹿从砍伐过的森林中采食树枝的比例更高。山白蜡和山枫树是这两个地点的首选树种。本文讨论了对管理的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Birds in Six Communities within a Lodgepole Pine Forest 洛奇松林中六个群落的鸟类
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1093/jof/77.9.584
Dennis D. Austin, Michael L. Perry
Birds were censused in six communities within a lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) forest in the Uinta Mountains of Utah: wet and dry meadows, mature and stagnated lodgepole pine stands, and openings made by clearcutting in 1940 and 1960 and presently having regenerating lodgepole pine stands. The richest avifauna was in the dry meadows, a finding that suggests the need to protect these areas from disturbance. Although a few bird species were adversely affected by clearcutting, many were more numerous in the clearcut areas than in unlogged stands, and the number of species remained about the same. Disturbance of the stagnated stands would be highly beneficial to birds.
在犹他州乌因塔山脉的一片落羽松(Pinus contorta)林中的六个群落中对鸟类进行了普查:湿草甸和干草甸、成熟和停滞的落羽松林、1940 年和 1960 年清伐后形成的空地以及目前正在再生的落羽松林。鸟类最丰富的地区是干燥的草地,这一发现表明有必要保护这些地区免受干扰。虽然有少数鸟类受到了砍伐的不利影响,但许多鸟类在砍伐区的数量比在未砍伐区的要多,物种数量也基本保持不变。对停滞的林分进行干扰对鸟类非常有益。
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引用次数: 0
Does the U.S. Face a Shortfall of Timber? 美国是否面临木材短缺?
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1093/jof/76.5.276
Dwight Hair
Recent studies show that the demands for timber from domestic forests are likely to grow rapidly in the decades ahead. Supplies, on the other hand, will increase rather slowly if forests continue to be managed much as they have been. These projections and the widening gap between them have been viewed by some in terms of a physical shortfall. In a free market economy, however, there will not be a shortfall. Prices will rise until there is an equilibrium between demands and supplies. Rising relative prices will limit the expansion potential of the timber industries. They will also mean higher costs to consumers, increased dependence on imports, greater environmental costs associated with expanding use of substitutes, and acceleration in the rate of use of nonrenewable resource.
最近的研究表明,未来几十年,国内森林对木材的需求可能会迅速增长。而另一方面,如果继续像以前那样管理森林,供应量的增长将相当缓慢。一些人认为,这些预测以及两者之间不断扩大的差距表明存在实际短缺。然而,在自由市场经济中,不会出现短缺。价格会上涨,直到供求平衡。相对价格的上涨将限制木材行业的扩张潜力。相对价格上涨还意味着消费者的成本增加,对进口的依赖性增加,与扩大使用替代品有关的环境成本增加,以及不可再生资源的使用速度加快。
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引用次数: 0
Hazards of Root Disease in Pacific Northwest Recreation Sites 西北太平洋地区休闲场所根病的危害
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1093/jof/80.3.163
Gregory M. Filip, Donald J. Goheen
Trees with root diseases. especially not caused by Phellinus weirii, are subject to windthrow, and thus seriously threaten public safety in developed recreation sites in Pacific Northwest forests. Pathologists or specially trained foresters should inspect an area for root disease hazards before construction begins. When trees with diseased roots are found on sites that are already in operation, managers must reduce present and future hazards while maintaining the area's beauty.
患有根部疾病的树木(尤其不是由 Phellinus weirii 引起的)容易被风吹倒,因此严重威胁着西北太平洋森林中已开发休闲场所的公共安全。病理学家或受过专门培训的林业人员应在施工开始前检查该地区是否存在根部病害隐患。如果在已投入使用的场地上发现有病根的树木,管理人员必须在保持该地区美观的同时,减少现在和将来的危害。
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引用次数: 0
A Stochastic Production Frontier Analysis of Factors That Affect Productivity and Efficiency of Logging Businesses in Virginia 弗吉尼亚州伐木企业生产率和效率影响因素的随机生产前沿分析
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-03-26 DOI: 10.1093/jofore/fvae006
Pedro J Sartori, Stella Z Schons, Scott Barrett
Understanding the effect of the relationship between timber harvesting attributes on loggers’ productivity and efficiency is crucial for the feasibility and expansion of sustainable forest management and logging. We applied a stochastic production frontier model to firm-level operational data collected from 202 loggers in Virginia, United States, in 2019. Logging equipment value, physiographic region, tract area, number of workers and crews in the woods, college education level, and harvest type statistically increase harvesting productivity. Harvesting productivity in the Coastal Plain was the greatest of all physiographic regions, and pine clearcut productivity was statistically greater than that of hardwood thinning. On the other hand, manual felling reduces harvesting productivity. We found an average efficiency rate of 67% among firms in our sample, which is similar to that found in the literature. The estimated values can show factors that improve forest harvest productivity through better planning and investments while improving the sustainable use of inputs and resources. Study Implications: We empirically analyzed factors affecting logging productivity and efficiency in the southern US state of Virginia. Increased productivity was associated with working in the Coastal Plain physiographic region, investing in logging equipment, increasing the number of workers and crews in the woods, increasing pine clearcut as opposed to hardwood thinning, choosing optimal harvesting tract size, and having a college education as opposed to no high school degree. Manual felling reduces harvesting productivity, and average BMP implementation time does not affect harvesting productivity. Our results can be used as a guide in planning future decisions to increase logging productivity.
了解木材采伐属性之间的关系对伐木者生产力和效率的影响对于可持续森林管理和伐木的可行性和扩展至关重要。我们将随机生产前沿模型应用于 2019 年从美国弗吉尼亚州 202 名伐木工人处收集的企业级运营数据。伐木设备价值、地理区域、迹地面积、伐木工人和工作人员数量、大学教育水平和采伐类型在统计上提高了采伐生产率。在所有地理区域中,沿海平原的采伐生产率最高,从统计学角度看,松木净伐的生产率高于硬木疏伐的生产率。另一方面,人工砍伐降低了采伐生产力。我们发现样本中企业的平均效率为 67%,与文献中的结果相似。估计值可以显示出通过更好的规划和投资提高森林采伐生产率的因素,同时改善投入和资源的可持续利用。研究意义:我们对影响美国南部弗吉尼亚州伐木生产率和效率的因素进行了实证分析。生产率的提高与以下因素有关:在沿海平原地貌区工作、投资伐木设备、增加伐木工人和工作人员的数量、增加松木清伐而不是硬木疏伐、选择最佳采伐迹地面积以及受过大学教育而不是没有高中学历。人工砍伐降低了采伐生产率,而BMP的平均实施时间并不影响采伐生产率。我们的研究结果可用于指导未来提高伐木生产率的决策规划。
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Journal of Forestry
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