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Estimating Recreation Use on the San Gorgonio Wilderness 估计圣戈尔戈尼奥荒野的娱乐使用情况
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q2 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-01-30 DOI: 10.1093/jof/69.8.490
George A. James, Hans T. Schreuder
A pilot test was successfully employed during the summer of 1969 to estimate recreation use of the San Gorgonio Wilderness in California's San Bernardino National Forest. A stratified random-sampling model was used. Self-registration stations were placed on all trails into the area. Wilderness users were personally interviewed on randomly selected days and trails to determine rate of registration. The Wilderness received an estimated 59,816 visitor-days of use, and 77 percent of all user groups registered upon entering.
1969 年夏天,我们成功地进行了一次试点测试,以估算加利福尼亚圣贝纳迪诺国家森林圣戈尔戈尼奥荒野的娱乐使用情况。试验采用了分层随机抽样模式。在进入该地区的所有小径上都设置了自我登记站。在随机选择的日子和小径上对荒野用户进行了个人访谈,以确定登记率。据估计,荒野接待了 59,816 个游客日,77% 的用户群体在进入荒野时进行了登记。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding Landowner Education Needs for Invasive Disease Prevention and Restoration Planting in Southern Oregon 了解俄勒冈州南部土地所有者在入侵疾病预防和恢复种植方面的教育需求
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q2 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-01-19 DOI: 10.1093/jofore/fvad061
Norma Kline, Tamara Cushing, Lauren Grand
Understanding the knowledge and behavior of nonindustrial private forest landowners towards Port-Orford cedar (POC) root disease (Phytophthora lateralis), sudden oak death (Phytophthora ramorum), and disease-resistant seedlings can help target effective education and outreach programs. We surveyed two counties in Southern Oregon to gain knowledge about these pathogens, disease-resistant seedlings, landowner behavior, and landowner preferences regarding planting disease-resistant seedlings. Amenity-based management objectives were more associated with planting disease-resistant POC. Respondents were more likely to plant disease-resistant conifers than hardwoods. Disease-resistant planting preferences were associated with years owned and acres of ownership. Designing targeted education and outreach programs will be necessary to achieve broad scale adoption of disease management and restoration practices. Study implications: We present results from a survey of nonindustrial private forest (NIPF) landowners in two counties in Southern Oregon to determine general landowner characteristics and knowledge of two nonnative diseases, Port-Orford cedar root disease, caused by Phytophthora lateralis, and sudden oak death, caused by Phytophthora ramorum. NIPF landowners play meaningful roles in invasive disease management: recognizing and reporting symptoms of nonnative plant diseases with the objective of early detection and control, implementing management actions to help mitigate disease spread, and planting disease-resistant seedlings during restoration efforts. Understanding landowner knowledge about diseases is important for engaging them in insect and disease mitigation.
了解非工业私人森林土地所有者对奥尔福德港雪松(POC)根病(侧孢疫霉)、橡树猝死(疫霉)和抗病树苗的认识和行为,有助于制定有效的教育和推广计划。我们对俄勒冈州南部的两个县进行了调查,以了解这些病原体、抗病树苗、土地所有者的行为以及土地所有者对种植抗病树苗的偏好。以美化环境为基础的管理目标与种植抗病 POC 更为相关。与硬木相比,受访者更倾向于种植抗病针叶树。抗病树种的种植偏好与拥有树种的年限和亩数有关。有必要设计有针对性的教育和推广计划,以广泛采用病害管理和恢复方法。研究意义:我们介绍了对俄勒冈州南部两个县的非工业私有林(NIPF)土地所有者进行调查的结果,以确定土地所有者的一般特征以及对两种非本地病害--由侧生疫霉引起的奥福德港雪松根病和由疫霉引起的橡树猝死--的了解情况。NIPF 的土地所有者在入侵疾病管理方面发挥着重要作用:识别并报告非本地植物疾病症状,以便及早发现和控制;实施管理措施,帮助减轻疾病传播;在恢复工作中种植抗病树苗。了解土地所有者对病害的认识对于让他们参与昆虫和病害防治工作非常重要。
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引用次数: 0
The USDA Forest Service’s Forest Inventory and Analysis Database and the National Register of Champion Trees — A Potentially Symbiotic Relationship 美国农业部林业局的森林资源清查与分析数据库和国家冠军树登记册--潜在的共生关系
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q2 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-01-11 DOI: 10.1093/jofore/fvad058
Francis A. Roesch, Todd A Schroeder, Charles A Price
This article shows how probability sampling and citizen science efforts can complement each other, using the USDA Forest Service’s Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program and the ongoing search by the National Register of Champion Trees (NRCT) for the largest specimen of each naturally occurring tree species in the United States as an example. We develop a ratio statistic (Zs) that uses the difference in size of the largest tree of a species from each database to order the tree species according to the assumed ease with which a larger specimen than the current national champion might be found. Our results show ninety-two candidate species that have been recorded by FIA for which there is no national champion and sixty-five species for which a new champion should be easy to find. In a supplemental table, we show ninety-four species listed as observable by FIA in the NRCT but not recorded in the FIA sample. Study Implications: An interest in forests and forestry is always accompanied by an interest in trees, especially very big trees. Two very different ways of learning about trees are analyzed concurrently in a way that reveals their complementarity. The two efforts are the probability sample, conducted by the USDA Forest Service’s Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) Program, and the citizen science effort known as the National Register of Champion Trees (NRCT). We develop a statistic that will help tree sleuths find champion trees and provide FIA practitioners with a quality control measure and an indication of which species would benefit from an increase in sample intensity.
本文以美国农业部林务局的森林资源清查与分析 (FIA) 计划和美国国家冠军树登记 (NRCT) 正在进行的寻找美国各自然生成树种最大标本的工作为例,说明概率取样和公民科学工作如何能够相辅相成。我们开发了一种比值统计量(Zs),利用每个数据库中某一树种最大树木的大小差异,根据找到比当前国家冠军树更大标本的假定难易程度对树种进行排序。我们的结果表明,在 FIA 记录的候选树种中,有 92 个树种没有全国冠军,有 65 个树种应该很容易找到新的冠军。在补充表格中,我们显示了九十四个被 FIA 列为可在 NRCT 中观察到但未在 FIA 样本中记录的物种。研究意义:对森林和林业的兴趣总是伴随着对树木,尤其是大树的兴趣。本研究同时分析了了解树木的两种截然不同的方法,揭示了它们之间的互补性。这两种方式分别是美国农业部林业局森林资源调查与分析项目(FIA)开展的概率抽样调查,以及被称为 "全国冠军树登记册"(NRCT)的公民科学调查。我们开发了一种统计方法,可以帮助树木侦探找到冠军树,并为森林资源清查与分析从业人员提供了一种质量控制措施,同时也表明了哪些树种可以从样本密度的增加中获益。
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引用次数: 0
Perceptions of Tree Diseases in Indigenous Communities: Native Alaskan and Hawaiian Insights 土著社区对树木疾病的看法:阿拉斯加原住民和夏威夷原住民的见解
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q2 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-01-10 DOI: 10.1093/jofore/fvad053
Kylle Roy, Susan J Frankel, Lauren E Oakes, Kainana S. Francisco, Kekuhi Kealiʻikanakaʻoleohaililani, Rachael A Sitz, Emily S Huff, J. Schelhas
Concern for tree mortality and damage, and preferences for management interventions, reflect people’s values and cultures. We examine perceptions of tree diseases in two Indigenous communities to provide examples of the types of distress and attitudes that arise when tree diseases significantly damage cultural values. Summaries of yellow-cedar decline as perceived by Tlingit and Haida Alaska Natives and rapid ʻōhiʻa death (ROD) and Native Hawaiian culture underscore the interconnections between local people and local forests and the ways forest diseases can impart a loss of culture and connections to ancestors. The complex relationships between Indigenous people, ecosystems, and tree diseases highlight the importance of the inclusion of diverse viewpoints to inform natural resource planning and management so that it may be conducted equitably and ethically. Study Implications: Consideration of cultural and social impacts as criteria for prioritization of forest disease management requires knowledge of the types and intensity of impacts that forest diseases have on Indigenous and Western culture. A greater understanding of the diversity of perspectives toward forest diseases is needed to inform natural resource planning and management so that it may be conducted in an ecologically sound and inclusive manner.
对树木死亡和损坏的关注以及对管理干预措施的偏好反映了人们的价值观和文化。我们研究了两个土著社区对树木疾病的看法,以举例说明当树木疾病严重损害文化价值时,人们会产生哪些类型的困扰和态度。特林吉特和海达阿拉斯加原住民对黄柏衰退的看法以及ʻōhiʻa 快速死亡(ROD)和夏威夷原住民文化的总结强调了当地人与当地森林之间的相互联系,以及森林疾病可能带来的文化损失和与祖先的联系。原住民、生态系统和树木病害之间的复杂关系凸显了在自然资源规划和管理中纳入不同观点的重要性,这样才能公平、合乎道德地进行规划和管理。研究意义:将文化和社会影响作为森林疾病管理的优先级标准需要了解森林疾病对土著文化和西方文化的影响类型和强度。需要更深入地了解人们对森林疾病看法的多样性,以便为自然资源规划和管理提供信息,使其能够以无害生态和包容的方式进行。
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引用次数: 0
Characterizing Community Forests in the United States 美国社区森林的特点
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q2 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.1093/jofore/fvad054
Reem Hajjar, Kathleen McGinley, Susan Charnley, Gregory E Frey, Meredith Hovis, Frederick W Cubbage, John Schelhas, Kailey Kornhauser
Research on community forests (CFs), primarily governed and managed by local forest users in the United States, is limited, despite their growth in numbers over the past decade. We conducted a survey to inventory CFs in the United States and better understand their ownership and governance structures, management objectives, benefits, and financing. The ninety-eight CFs in our inventory are on private, public, and tribal lands. They had various ways of soliciting input from, or sharing decision-making authority with, local groups, organizations, and citizens. Recreation and environmental services were the most important management goals, but timber production occurred on more than two-thirds of CFs, contributing to income on many CFs, along with a diversity of other income sources to fund operations. We discuss the difficulties in creating a comprehensive CF inventory and typology given the diversity of models that exist, reflecting local social and environmental conditions and the bottom-up nature of community forestry in the United States. Study Implications: Despite their small footprint in the United States, community forests are a rapidly developing model of forest ownership, governance, and management that helps protect forestlands and open space and demonstrates how market and nonmarket forest goods and services can be produced for broad and enduring community benefits. This study inventories and characterizes community forests in the United States to increase understanding of this model, its prevalence, and its potential. It provides a baseline of information that serves as a foundation for further exploration and research on the impacts and contributions of community forests.
社区森林 (CF) 主要由美国当地的森林使用者治理和管理,尽管在过去十年中社区森林的数量有所增加,但对社区森林的研究却十分有限。我们进行了一项调查,以清点美国的社区森林,更好地了解它们的所有权和治理结构、管理目标、效益和融资情况。我们盘点的 98 个 CF 位于私人、公共和部落土地上。它们以各种方式征求当地团体、组织和公民的意见,或与他们分享决策权。娱乐和环境服务是最重要的管理目标,但三分之二以上的 CFs 都有木材生产,这为许多 CFs 带来了收入,同时还为运营提供了多种其他收入来源。我们讨论了创建一个全面的社区林业清单和类型的困难,因为现有的模式多种多样,反映了当地的社会和环境条件以及美国社区林业自下而上的性质。研究意义:尽管社区森林在美国的足迹很小,但它是一种快速发展的森林所有权、治理和管理模式,有助于保护林地和开放空间,并展示了如何生产市场和非市场的森林产品和服务,从而为社区带来广泛而持久的利益。本研究对美国的社区森林进行了清查和特征描述,以加深对这一模式、其普遍性及其潜力的了解。它提供了一个信息基线,为进一步探索和研究社区森林的影响和贡献奠定了基础。
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引用次数: 0
Journal of Forestry Quiz 林业期刊问答
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q2 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/jofore/fvad056
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引用次数: 0
Direct Seeding for Conifer Regeneration in the Pacific Northwest: A Past, Present, and Future of Operational Practices 西北太平洋地区针叶林再生直接播种:操作实践的过去、现在和未来
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q2 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.1093/jofore/fvad050
Rebecca Downer, Tiffani Manteuffel-Ross, Lydia Tymon, Matthew Aghai
United States Pacific Northwest (PNW) forests are important ecological, cultural, and recreational landscapes. Direct seeding to aid forest regeneration in the PNW region was developed to reduce reforestation costs and timelines. These practices were largely discontinued in the 1970s due to poor establishment resulting from issues of seed predation, a lack of targeting favorable site conditions, seed distribution issues, and improvements to nursery seedling production. A recent renewed interest in direct seeding research has resulted from the growing geographic extent of postdisturbance areas requiring reforestation. This interest is also supported by the increasing recognition of the logistical impossibility of satisfying reforestation demand via planted seedlings. This historical review highlights the timeline of direct seeding research and practice in the PNW. It describes the main obstacles to its widespread use and opportunities for improvement. These opportunities include upscaling seed collection efforts, increasing distribution precision of seeding methods, upgrading seed quality evaluations, and mitigating seed predation and desiccation. Study Implications: The availability of seedlings is increasingly limited due to the rising demand for reforestation as a result of more frequent and severe wildfires. Further research into direct seeding as an artificial regeneration strategy for trees is necessary to operationally increase reforestation abilities and thus supplement natural regeneration and seedling planting. This study summarizes findings from prior direct seeding studies in the Pacific Northwest region and identifies (1) improving seed collection efforts, (2) refining seed quality assessments, (3) standardizing seed dispersal methods, and (4) improving seedling establishment by targeting favorable site conditions and predation mitigation as key future research priorities.
美国西北太平洋(PNW)森林是重要的生态、文化和休闲景观。在西北太平洋地区,直接播种帮助森林再生是为了降低造林成本和缩短造林时间而发展起来的。20 世纪 70 年代,由于种子捕食问题、缺乏有针对性的有利地点条件、种子分配问题以及苗圃育苗生产的改进等原因,这些做法基本停止。最近,由于需要重新造林的受干扰后地区的地理范围不断扩大,人们对直播研究重新产生了兴趣。人们日益认识到,通过种植树苗来满足重新造林的需求在后勤上是不可能的,这也支持了这种兴趣。本历史回顾重点介绍了西北太平洋地区直播研究和实践的发展历程。它描述了阻碍其广泛应用的主要障碍和改进机会。这些机会包括扩大种子采集工作的规模、提高播种方法的分布精度、提升种子质量评估以及减轻种子捕食和干燥。研究意义:由于野火更加频繁和严重,对重新造林的需求不断增加,因此树苗的供应越来越有限。有必要进一步研究作为树木人工再生策略的直接播种,以在操作上提高重新造林的能力,从而补充自然再生和树苗种植的不足。本研究总结了之前在西北太平洋地区进行的直播研究的结果,并将 (1) 改进种子采集工作,(2) 完善种子质量评估,(3) 规范种子播撒方法,以及 (4) 通过针对有利的地点条件和减少捕食来改进幼苗的建立作为未来研究的重点。
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引用次数: 0
What Does it Mean to be a Silviculturist? 成为一名森林学家意味着什么?
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q2 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2023-11-20 DOI: 10.1093/jofore/fvad049
R Justin DeRose, James N Long, Kristen M Waring, Marcella A Windmuller-Campione, Andrew S Nelson, Mark R Nabel
Silviculture has been a dynamic discipline for over a century in North America. During that time, silviculture has been closely tied with dominant trends in society, from reforestation in the early nineteenth century to incorporating climate change, invasive species, and shifts in disturbance regimes during the twenty-first century, and the discipline continues to evolve. In this evolution, there have also been shifts to the definition of silviculture, from an art to art and science to recent proposals that it is strictly a science. We offer an alternative viewpoint in support of maintaining the contemporary definition that includes both art and science, supported by the role that silviculture plays in contemporary resource management and that silviculturists play in conducting both the strategic and tactical components of forest management. Despite the desire to recast silviculture as solely science, we argue that silviculturists need to be more artistic than ever, given the current era of rapidly changing social, ecological, and economic conditions. In addition to having a firm basis in science, silviculturists must also understand and practice their very important role as the honest broker between other resource professionals and society at large in the application of management on the ground. Study Implications: Silviculture has been practiced in North America for over 100 years. It is being shaped by remarkable developments in technology, evolving suites of interested parties and landowner objectives, and considerable climatic uncertainty. Silviculturists are being tasked with interpreting and applying science to accomplish increasingly complex objectives, often with scarce resources at large spatial scales; and all of this is being done in anticipation of further change. Silviculturists understand and accept these challenges and embrace the opportunity to be active stewards of the forests of tomorrow.
一个多世纪以来,森林栽培在北美一直是一门充满活力的学科。在此期间,从19世纪早期的重新造林到21世纪的气候变化、入侵物种和干扰制度的转变,森林栽培与社会的主导趋势密切相关,而且这一学科还在不断发展。在这一演变过程中,造林的定义也发生了变化,从一门艺术到艺术和科学,再到最近提出的严格意义上的科学。我们提供了另一种观点,以支持维护包括艺术和科学在内的当代定义,支持林业在当代资源管理中的作用,以及林业家在实施森林管理的战略和战术组成部分中所起的作用。尽管人们希望将林业重塑为一门纯粹的科学,但我们认为,在当今社会、生态和经济条件迅速变化的时代,林业工作者需要比以往任何时候都更有艺术性。除了拥有坚实的科学基础外,林业学家还必须理解和实践他们作为其他资源专业人员和整个社会之间在实地应用管理方面的诚实经纪人的非常重要的作用。研究意义:森林栽培在北美已有100多年的历史。技术的显著发展、利益相关方和土地所有者目标的不断演变以及相当大的气候不确定性正在塑造它。林业学家的任务是解释和应用科学来完成日益复杂的目标,往往在大空间尺度上资源稀缺;所有这些都是在对进一步变化的预期中进行的。林业学家理解并接受这些挑战,并拥抱成为未来森林的积极管理者的机会。
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引用次数: 0
Enhancing Diversity in Undergraduate Degree Programs in Forestry and Related Natural Resources: a Brief Review of Critical Issues and Promising Actions 加强林业及相关自然资源本科学位课程的多样性:关键问题和有希望的行动综述
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q2 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2023-11-18 DOI: 10.1093/jofore/fvad043
Steven H Bullard, T J Walker, Leslie Burger
Although forestry and related natural resources (FRNR) undergraduate degree programs in the United States have become increasingly diverse in recent years, women and minorities remain underrepresented in multiple disciplines; this is particularly true in forestry undergraduate programs. We reviewed over one hundred reports and publications to help understand the critical issues that must be addressed to enhance diversity in FRNR undergraduate programs. Based on that review, here we summarize eight critical issues in recruiting and retaining a more diverse FRNR undergraduate student body, and we also present promising actions to address the issues. Our goal is to more widely communicate validated ideas and practices, thereby prompting further discussion and effective actions to make more tangible gains in enhancing the diversity of FRNR undergraduate degree programs in the United States in the future. Study Implications: To be effective managers and stewards of forestry and related natural resources (FRNR), professionals must be effective in developing, communicating, and implementing plans and actions. From recommendations for a single stand or forest, to community-level natural resource issues, to state, regional, and national policy decisions, FRNR professionals must be trusted by increasingly diverse stakeholders in our society. FRNR professions can become more diverse in terms of gender as well as race and ethnicity by developing and implementing actions that address specific critical issues in undergraduate enrollment. A more diverse and society-ready cadre of leaders in FRNR will help to ensure healthy biotic communities are restored, sustained, and valued while meeting long-run societal needs.
尽管近年来美国的林业和相关自然资源本科学位课程变得越来越多样化,但女性和少数民族在多个学科中的代表性仍然不足;在林业本科课程中尤其如此。我们审查了一百多份报告和出版物,以帮助了解必须解决的关键问题,以加强FRNR本科课程的多样性。在此基础上,我们总结了招聘和留住更多元化的FRNR本科生群体的八个关键问题,并提出了解决这些问题的有希望的行动。我们的目标是更广泛地交流有效的想法和实践,从而促进进一步的讨论和有效的行动,在未来提高美国FRNR本科学位课程的多样性方面取得更切实的成果。研究启示:要成为林业及相关自然资源(FRNR)的有效管理者和管家,专业人员必须有效地制定、沟通和实施计划和行动。从单个林分或森林的建议,到社区一级的自然资源问题,再到州、地区和国家的政策决定,FRNR专业人员必须得到我们社会中日益多样化的利益相关者的信任。通过制定和实施解决本科招生中具体关键问题的行动,FRNR职业可以在性别、种族和民族方面变得更加多样化。一个更加多样化和社会就绪的FRNR领导骨干将有助于确保健康的生物群落得到恢复、维持和重视,同时满足长期的社会需求。
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引用次数: 0
Using Geologic Features to Visualize Long-Term Changes in Urban Forest Structure and Composition: Thain Family Forest of the New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 利用地质特征可视化城市森林结构和组成的长期变化:纽约布朗克斯区纽约植物园泰恩家族森林
IF 2.3 3区 农林科学 Q2 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2023-11-16 DOI: 10.1093/jofore/fvad047
Eliot Nagele, Marlon Co, Todd A Forrest, Erica A DeLuca, Mark S Ashton, Thomas B Harris, M. Duguid
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Forestry
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