Journal of Happiness Studies最新文献

A multidimensional model of emerging adults’ subjective financial well-being was proposed (Sorgente and Lanz, Int Journal of Behavioral Development, 43(5), 466–478 2019). The authors also developed a 5-factor scale (the Multidimensional Subjective Financial Well-being Scale, MSFWBS) intending to measure this construct in the European context. To date, data using this instrument have been collected in nine countries: Austria, Canada, Finland, India, Italy, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, and Turkey. In the current study, data from these countries were analysed to test the validity of this model internationally. In particular, using an international sample of 4,475 emerging adults, we collected the following kinds of validity evidence for the MSFWBS: score structure, reliability, generalizability, convergent, and criterion-related evidence. Findings suggest that the MSFWBS (1) yields valid and reliable scores, and (2) works well in individualistic and economically developed countries, producing comparable scores. Implications for researchers and practitioners are discussed.

Score reliability is an essential property of the measurement process with implications for validity of scores and subsequent inferences. Using a reliability generalization (RG) approach, score reliability estimates produced by the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS) and the Short Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (SWEMWBS) were synthesized then evaluated. More specifically, the following questions were addressed: (1) What is the typical reliability coefficient for scores generated by using the WEMWBS/SWEMWBS? and (2) What (if any) factors impact score reliability estimates across studies using the WEMWBS/SWEMWBS? This study used non-experimental research design with archival data. Guided by systematic inclusion/exclusion criteria, electronic database searches identified 294 published articles reporting estimates of score reliability for either the WEMWBS or SWEMWBS. Sample, design and instrument characteristics were extracted then coded examined to address factors that may impact score reliability for both instruments. Across all published studies, mean score reliability estimates for the WEMWBS and SWEMWBS were 0.89 and 0.81 respectively across published studies. Moderator analyses revealed select sample (e.g., Age) and instrument characteristics (e.g., standard deviation of scores) that influenced score reliability. Limited error of measurement was evident based on average score reliability estimates for the WEMWBS/SWEMWBS. Further, interpretation of the moderator analyses demonstrated scale scores are quite robust to test administration in different samples, instrument versions and study designs.

Much of the existing literature on customer participation has focused on the performance outcomes from the standpoint of companies, ignoring the benefits of customers as the critical participants. Drawing from work on meaning and self-determination theory, the paper examines the influence of customer participation on two components of customer well-being: affective states and meaning of participation. Two studies show that customer participation significantly improved customers’ affective states and meaning of participation, and psychological ownership was one of the underlying mechanisms. Product type further moderated the relationship between customer participation and psychological ownership, and between customer participation and well-being. Specifically, the effect of customer participation on psychological ownership was stronger for participants in physical product condition, while it became attenuated albeit significant for participants in the intangible service condition. The relationship between customer participation and customer well-being also became weaker in intangible service condition. Our findings contribute to theories of customer participation and customer well-being, and also suggest direct implications for marketing strategy.

In this paper panel data is used to estimate the relationship between geographic reference income and subjective wellbeing in Australia. Recent cross-sectional US-based studies suggest that the income of other people in a neighbourhood—geographic reference income—impacts on individual wellbeing but is mediated by geographic scale. On controlling for a household’s own income, subjective wellbeing is raised by neighbourhood income and lowered by region-wide income. However, these findings could be driven by the self-selection of innately happy or unhappy individuals into higher-income areas. This study’s methodology takes advantage of panel-data modelling to show that unobserved individual heterogeneity is in fact correlated with reference income, but on curbing its impacts through the inclusion of fixed-effects we find that there is still a positive relationship between reference income and subjective wellbeing at the neighbourhood level. However, we detect no relationship at the region-wide level. Additionally, the subjective wellbeing relationship is the same no matter an individual’s rank in the distribution of incomes within an area. The neighbourhood wellbeing relationship has implications for policies addressing residential segregation and social mixing.

Background

COVID-19 pandemic has seen a rise in psychological problems. However, little is known about the role of positivity and personality traits in facing the pandemic. Therefore, we aimed at investigating whether higher positivity was associated with a better emotional, behavioural and cognitive response to COVID-19, taking into account the role of the big five traits.

Methods

We performed a cross-sectional multiple waves study with 5,002 participants representative of the Italian general population (May 2021 and March 2022). The Ten Item Personality Inventory was used for the evaluation of the big five traits, while the Positivity Scale for the assessment of positivity. Statistical analyses included linear regression models and Principal Component Analysis (PCA).

Results

The main predictors of Preventive behaviours of COVID-19 were Conscientiousness (β=0.100, p<0.001) and Agreeableness (β=0.117, p<0.001), while the main predictor in explaining self-efficacy in preventing COVID-19 infection was Positivity (β=0.141, p<0.001). Neuroticism (β=-0.186, p<0.001) and Positivity (β=0.094, p<0.001) predicted the Affective response related to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Discussion

Positivity has a protective role in buffering the negative effects of the pandemic on people’s affective response, as well as supporting stronger self-efficacy and confidence about the usefulness of the vaccine, and higher preventive behaviours, over and above personality traits. The results of the sensitivity analysis using the first two components of the big five traits Communion and Agency confirmed the results of the linear regressions of the big five traits: communion is the main predictor of Preventive behaviours of COVID-19, while self-efficacy of preventing COVID-19 infection.

Discussion

Positivity has a protective role in buffering the negative effects of the pandemic on people’s affective response, as well as supporting stronger self-efficacy and confidence about the usefulness of the vaccine, and higher preventive behaviours, over and above personality traits.

Although rarely measured, victims’ suffering is likely a large part of the overall cost of bullying. We use the compensating income variation method on data from the Icelandic SAGA (Stress-And-Gene-Analysis) cohort to estimate the monetary compensation needed to offset the welfare loss associated with bullying of women. We examine differences by frequency and extensivity of bullying, the type of bullying, the victim´s age during most recent bullying and years since most recent bullying. We find considerable differences in results across those bullying characteristics. To put this in context, the yearly value of reduced well-being associated with bullying in adulthood ($14,532–25,002 depending on model specification) by far exceeds the societal cost of reduced productivity and absenteeism, and the value of reduced well-being associated with bullying in childhood ($46,391–48,565, depending on model specification) by far exceeds the sum of the societal medical cost, travel cost of parents, and cost of reduced productivity of parents. Therefore, the greatest monetary damage from bullying is likely associated with the victims suffering, and its inclusion in the evaluation of societal consequences of bullying is thus crucial.