Md Afsar Ahmed Sumon, Edinson Dante Meregildo-Rodriguez, Po-Tsang Lee, Nguyen Dinh-Hung, Earl T Larson, Patima Permpoonpattana, Hien Van Doan, Won-Kyo Jung, Nguyen Vu Linh
This study provides a comprehensive summary of the findings regarding the application and diagnostic efficacy of droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) in detecting viral and bacterial pathogens in aquaculture. Utilizing a systematic search of four databases up to 6 November 2023, we identified studies where ddPCR was deployed for pathogen detection in aquaculture settings, adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis of Diagnostic Test Accuracy guidelines. From the collected data, 16 studies retrieved, seven were included in a meta-analysis, encompassing 1121 biological samples from various fish species. The detection limits reported ranged markedly from 0.07 to 34 copies/μL. A direct comparison of the diagnostic performance between ddPCR with quantitative PCR (qPCR) proved challenging due to limited data, thus only a pooled sensitivity analysis was feasible. The results showed a pooled sensitivity of 0.750 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.487-0.944) for ddPCR, compared to 0.461 (95% CI: 0.294-0.632) for qPCR, with no statistically significant difference in sensitivity between the two methods (p = .5884). Notably, significant heterogeneity was observed among the studies (I2 = 93%-97%, p < .01), with the year of publication significantly influencing this heterogeneity (p < .001), but not the country of origin (p = .49). No publication bias was detected, and the studies generally exhibited a low risk of bias according to QUADAS-C criteria. While ddPCR and qPCR showed comparable sensitivities in pathogen detection, ddPCR's capability to precisely quantify pathogens without the need for standard curves highlights its potential utility. This characteristic could significantly enhance the accuracy and reliability of pathogen detection in aquaculture.
{"title":"Droplet digital PCR for fish pathogen detection and quantification: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Md Afsar Ahmed Sumon, Edinson Dante Meregildo-Rodriguez, Po-Tsang Lee, Nguyen Dinh-Hung, Earl T Larson, Patima Permpoonpattana, Hien Van Doan, Won-Kyo Jung, Nguyen Vu Linh","doi":"10.1111/jfd.14019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.14019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study provides a comprehensive summary of the findings regarding the application and diagnostic efficacy of droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) in detecting viral and bacterial pathogens in aquaculture. Utilizing a systematic search of four databases up to 6 November 2023, we identified studies where ddPCR was deployed for pathogen detection in aquaculture settings, adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis of Diagnostic Test Accuracy guidelines. From the collected data, 16 studies retrieved, seven were included in a meta-analysis, encompassing 1121 biological samples from various fish species. The detection limits reported ranged markedly from 0.07 to 34 copies/μL. A direct comparison of the diagnostic performance between ddPCR with quantitative PCR (qPCR) proved challenging due to limited data, thus only a pooled sensitivity analysis was feasible. The results showed a pooled sensitivity of 0.750 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.487-0.944) for ddPCR, compared to 0.461 (95% CI: 0.294-0.632) for qPCR, with no statistically significant difference in sensitivity between the two methods (p = .5884). Notably, significant heterogeneity was observed among the studies (I<sup>2</sup> = 93%-97%, p < .01), with the year of publication significantly influencing this heterogeneity (p < .001), but not the country of origin (p = .49). No publication bias was detected, and the studies generally exhibited a low risk of bias according to QUADAS-C criteria. While ddPCR and qPCR showed comparable sensitivities in pathogen detection, ddPCR's capability to precisely quantify pathogens without the need for standard curves highlights its potential utility. This characteristic could significantly enhance the accuracy and reliability of pathogen detection in aquaculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142289018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii (MR)) is a significant aquafarm species commercially cultured in Taiwan. Intensive farming practices have led to the outbreak of Lactococcus garvieae (LG), which causes Lactococcosis in MR. Recently, LG has re-emerged and the number of mortalities in prawn farms has increased in Taiwan. However, there is no preventative strategy described and a lack of knowledge on virulence factors and pathogenesis from LG in MR. The most virulent strain of L. garvieae from M. rosenbergii was screened in vivo among seven isolates selected for infectivity testing injecting 0.1 mL of 108 CFU/mL bacterial concentration. Among the seven isolates screened, L. garvieae 109-6 resulted in 100% mortality within 3 days post-infection. Furthermore, 109-6 L. garvieae LD50 dosage from in MR was found to be 106 CFU/mL. Subsequently, the most virulent strain 109-6 was sequenced using MinIon Nanopore sequencing. Results indicated that the LG genome yielded a protein-coding of 3857 with 59 tRNA and 16 rRNA and no plasmid. Interestingly, the distribution of subsystems in the annotated genome revealed genes related to virulence, defence, and disease among LG 50 genes. Altogether, the virulent strain and its genome data revealed distinctive features of LG, which hinted toward its pathogenicity and could facilitate for better preventive strategies.
巨型淡水对虾(Macrobrachium rosenbergii,MR)是台湾商业养殖的重要水产养殖品种。集约化的养殖方式曾导致导致巨淡水对虾乳球菌病的 Lactococcus garvieae(LG)爆发。最近,LG 在台湾再次出现,对虾养殖场的死亡人数也有所增加。然而,目前尚无预防策略,也缺乏有关 MR 中 LG 的致病因子和致病机理的知识。通过注射0.1毫升108 CFU/毫升的细菌浓度进行感染性测试,从M. rosenbergii中筛选出7个分离株中毒性最强的L. garvieae。在筛选出的 7 个分离株中,L. garvieae 109-6 在感染后 3 天内导致 100%死亡。此外,在 MR 中发现 109-6 L. garvieae 的半数致死剂量为 106 CFU/mL。随后,使用 MinIon Nanopore 测序技术对毒性最强的菌株 109-6 进行了测序。结果表明,LG基因组产生了3857个蛋白质编码,其中有59个tRNA和16个rRNA,没有质粒。有趣的是,在 LG 50 个基因中,注释基因组的子系统分布显示了与毒力、防御和疾病有关的基因。总之,毒株及其基因组数据揭示了 LG 的显著特征,暗示了其致病性,有助于制定更好的预防策略。
{"title":"Insights on the virulence and genomic features of Lactococcus garvieae isolated from giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man 1879)","authors":"Rubicely Balan, Sudarshan Pandey, Pei-Chi Wang, Omkar Vijay Byadgi, Shih-Chu Chen","doi":"10.1111/jfd.14011","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jfd.14011","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Giant freshwater prawn (<i>Macrobrachium rosenbergii</i> (MR)) is a significant aquafarm species commercially cultured in Taiwan. Intensive farming practices have led to the outbreak of <i>Lactococcus garvieae</i> (LG), which causes Lactococcosis in MR. Recently, LG has re-emerged and the number of mortalities in prawn farms has increased in Taiwan. However, there is no preventative strategy described and a lack of knowledge on virulence factors and pathogenesis from LG in MR. The most virulent strain of <i>L. garvieae</i> from <i>M. rosenbergii</i> was screened in vivo among seven isolates selected for infectivity testing injecting 0.1 mL of 10<sup>8</sup> CFU/mL bacterial concentration. Among the seven isolates screened, <i>L. garvieae</i> 109-6 resulted in 100% mortality within 3 days post-infection. Furthermore, 109-6 <i>L. garvieae</i> LD<sub>50</sub> dosage from in MR was found to be 10<sup>6</sup> CFU/mL. Subsequently, the most virulent strain 109-6 was sequenced using MinIon Nanopore sequencing. Results indicated that the LG genome yielded a protein-coding of 3857 with 59 tRNA and 16 rRNA and no plasmid. Interestingly, the distribution of subsystems in the annotated genome revealed genes related to virulence, defence, and disease among LG 50 genes. Altogether, the virulent strain and its genome data revealed distinctive features of LG, which hinted toward its pathogenicity and could facilitate for better preventive strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142195983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gabriela Fernandes da Silva, Fátima Faria, Fátima Gil, Nuno Leitão, Paulo Ribeiro, Katia Pinello, João Niza-Ribeiro, Irina Amorim
Thyroid tissue in teleosts is located mainly in the pharyngeal region, usually reaching other adjacent anatomical locations. Herein, a nodular lesion located in the left operculum of a Senegal seabream (Diplodus bellottii) was surgically excised and sent for microscopical evaluation. Microscopically, the lesion presented irregular borders and consisted in columnar epithelial cells arranged in a tubulopapillary pattern, surrounding a central lumen filled with acellular, acidophilic and homogeneous, material ('colloid'). To determine the lesion's histogenesis, immunohistochemistry was performed employing antibodies for AE1/AE3, CK7, thyroglobulin and vimentin. The neoplastic cells presented low mitotic index and positive immunolabelling for CK7 and thyroglobulin. Therefore, a diagnosis of ectopic thyroid adenoma was made. Herein, the successful employment of antibodies classically used in mammals for accurate diagnosis of thyroid disorders is described. Proliferation of thyroid tissue in fish may reflect environmental and physiological imbalances, making the study and correct diagnosis of these tumours in this species important.
{"title":"Ectopic thyroid adenoma diagnosed in a Senegal seabream (Diplodus bellottii, Steindachner 1882): Towards an accurate diagnosis.","authors":"Gabriela Fernandes da Silva, Fátima Faria, Fátima Gil, Nuno Leitão, Paulo Ribeiro, Katia Pinello, João Niza-Ribeiro, Irina Amorim","doi":"10.1111/jfd.14015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.14015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thyroid tissue in teleosts is located mainly in the pharyngeal region, usually reaching other adjacent anatomical locations. Herein, a nodular lesion located in the left operculum of a Senegal seabream (Diplodus bellottii) was surgically excised and sent for microscopical evaluation. Microscopically, the lesion presented irregular borders and consisted in columnar epithelial cells arranged in a tubulopapillary pattern, surrounding a central lumen filled with acellular, acidophilic and homogeneous, material ('colloid'). To determine the lesion's histogenesis, immunohistochemistry was performed employing antibodies for AE1/AE3, CK7, thyroglobulin and vimentin. The neoplastic cells presented low mitotic index and positive immunolabelling for CK7 and thyroglobulin. Therefore, a diagnosis of ectopic thyroid adenoma was made. Herein, the successful employment of antibodies classically used in mammals for accurate diagnosis of thyroid disorders is described. Proliferation of thyroid tissue in fish may reflect environmental and physiological imbalances, making the study and correct diagnosis of these tumours in this species important.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142154302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juana A Ibacache, Mario Espinoza, Paz Basualto-Díaz, Victoria Pinto, Brenda Modak, Paula Zapata, Beatriz Valenzuela
Among the most important aquaculture resources for our country, salmon and trout stand out. Their production has increased significantly in recent decades, making them two of the most valuable resources in economic terms. However, high aquaculture production has allowed many pathogens to proliferate, causing infectious diseases and significant production losses. Piscirickettsia salmonis is a gram-negative, facultative intracellular bacterium that is responsible for causing severe disease in a variety of salmonid fish species. Despite the significant impact of P. salmonis on aquaculture, effective treatments for this disease remain limited. Current prevention and control strategies often include antibiotics and vaccines. However, these treatments have shown varying degrees of efficacy. A promising approach involves synthesizing bioactive analog compounds with antibacterial properties. Quinones, secondary metabolites that are abundant in nature, have become a focal point of interest due to their diverse physiological activities, including antibiotic, insecticidal, antifungal, and anticancer properties. In this study, it is shown the synthesis of series 6-bromo-7-arylaminoisoquinoline-5,8-quinones, the characterization of these compounds using classical spectroscopic methods such as one-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), FT-IR (infrared), mass spectrometry, and the biological activity against Piscirickettsia salmonis. The brominated derivative compounds showed no cytotoxicity at any concentration evaluated. Furthermore, the infectivity of P. salmonis after treatment with the analog compounds indicated that derivatives methyl 6-bromo-7-((4-methoxyphenyl)amino)-1,3-dimethy-5,8-dioxo-5,8-dihydroisoquinoline-4-carboxylate (4b) and methyl 7-((4'-amino-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)amino)-6-bromo-1,3-dimethy-5,8-dioxo-5,8-dihydroisoquinoline-4-carboxylate (4g) reduced the bacterial load at 25 μg/mL concentration.
{"title":"Synthesis of 6-bromo-7-arylaminoisoquinoline-5,8-quinones and its effects on Piscirickettsia salmonis infection in vitro.","authors":"Juana A Ibacache, Mario Espinoza, Paz Basualto-Díaz, Victoria Pinto, Brenda Modak, Paula Zapata, Beatriz Valenzuela","doi":"10.1111/jfd.14014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.14014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Among the most important aquaculture resources for our country, salmon and trout stand out. Their production has increased significantly in recent decades, making them two of the most valuable resources in economic terms. However, high aquaculture production has allowed many pathogens to proliferate, causing infectious diseases and significant production losses. Piscirickettsia salmonis is a gram-negative, facultative intracellular bacterium that is responsible for causing severe disease in a variety of salmonid fish species. Despite the significant impact of P. salmonis on aquaculture, effective treatments for this disease remain limited. Current prevention and control strategies often include antibiotics and vaccines. However, these treatments have shown varying degrees of efficacy. A promising approach involves synthesizing bioactive analog compounds with antibacterial properties. Quinones, secondary metabolites that are abundant in nature, have become a focal point of interest due to their diverse physiological activities, including antibiotic, insecticidal, antifungal, and anticancer properties. In this study, it is shown the synthesis of series 6-bromo-7-arylaminoisoquinoline-5,8-quinones, the characterization of these compounds using classical spectroscopic methods such as one-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), FT-IR (infrared), mass spectrometry, and the biological activity against Piscirickettsia salmonis. The brominated derivative compounds showed no cytotoxicity at any concentration evaluated. Furthermore, the infectivity of P. salmonis after treatment with the analog compounds indicated that derivatives methyl 6-bromo-7-((4-methoxyphenyl)amino)-1,3-dimethy-5,8-dioxo-5,8-dihydroisoquinoline-4-carboxylate (4b) and methyl 7-((4'-amino-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)amino)-6-bromo-1,3-dimethy-5,8-dioxo-5,8-dihydroisoquinoline-4-carboxylate (4g) reduced the bacterial load at 25 μg/mL concentration.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142154303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ability to impact the immune response of the host has been recognized as essential for the success of a virus during infection. A few groups of viruses can combine these immunomodulatory mechanisms with specific patterns of their own transcriptional and replication regulation to achieve persistence within the host long term. The Herpesvirales order is one of those groups and the resultant state is known as latency. Throughout the years, latency has been studied in many host-herpesvirus models to attempt to understand the complex and profound effects of this state on the host's systems, and in the hopes of deciphering a way to eliminate the latent state from survivors of the primary infection. Most studies of herpesvirus latency have been conducted on mammalian host species, but this review summarizes the data available regarding herpesviruses in fish species and their latent state. As the field of aquatic animal health research continues to advance, the elucidation of these complex mechanisms will be crucial for disease control, prevention, and treatment.
{"title":"A review of latency in the Alloherpesviridae family.","authors":"Eva Marie Quijano Cardé, Esteban Soto","doi":"10.1111/jfd.14016","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jfd.14016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ability to impact the immune response of the host has been recognized as essential for the success of a virus during infection. A few groups of viruses can combine these immunomodulatory mechanisms with specific patterns of their own transcriptional and replication regulation to achieve persistence within the host long term. The Herpesvirales order is one of those groups and the resultant state is known as latency. Throughout the years, latency has been studied in many host-herpesvirus models to attempt to understand the complex and profound effects of this state on the host's systems, and in the hopes of deciphering a way to eliminate the latent state from survivors of the primary infection. Most studies of herpesvirus latency have been conducted on mammalian host species, but this review summarizes the data available regarding herpesviruses in fish species and their latent state. As the field of aquatic animal health research continues to advance, the elucidation of these complex mechanisms will be crucial for disease control, prevention, and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142154299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alamira Marzouk Fouad, Haitham G Abo-Al-Ela, Eman A Negm, Maha Abdelhaseib, Abdallah Alian, Naser Abdelsater, Rashad E M Said, Fatma A S Anwar, Doaa H Assar, Sara Abdel-Aal Mohamed
Parasites pose significant challenges to aquaculture and fisheries industries. Our study focuses on the Polyonchobothrium magnum and African catfish to address a potential health issue in aquaculture, explore host-parasite interactions that can help develop effective management practices to ensure fish health and industry sustainability. P. magnum was isolated from the stomach of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) as the primary site of infection, with a prevalence of 10%. Most affected fish were heavily infected (8 out of 10). Infection was confirmed by sequencing the PCR-targeted region of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit 1 (ND1) gene, along with light and scanning electron microscopes. The parasite had an elongated scolex with deep bothria, a prominent apical disc wider than the scolex itself, and a four-lobed appearance. The scolex contained a central rostellum divided into two semicircles, bearing 26-30 hooks, with an average of 28. The apical disc had large hooks arranged in four quadrants, with 6-8 hooks each, averaging 7 per quadrant. No neck was observed. Phylogenetic analysis of our sequence showed a 100% match with isolates from Guangzhou, China. In infected fish, the anterior kidney showed increased expression levels of nuclear factor kappa B and lysozyme, but decreased levels of in major histocompatibility complex antigen II. Plasma analysis revealed a significant drop in superoxide dismutase, a rise in interleukin-1 beta, and lower IgM levels compared to non-infected controls. Non-infected fish displayed greater gut microbiota diversity, with dominant families including Moraxellaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Fusobacteriaceae, and Caulobacteraceae, and prevalent genera such as Acinetobacter, Cetobacterium, and Brevundimonas. In contrast, infected fish exhibited very low diversity, with significantly higher proportions of Enterobacteriaceae (45.99%) and Aeromonadaceae (41.79%) compared to non-infected fish, which had 13.76% and 3.64% respectively. Cetobacterium somerae was prevalent in non-infected fish, while infected fish harboured Aeromonas fluvialis, Plesiomonas shigelloides, and Gallaecimonas xiamenensis. Overall, P. magnum disrupted the immune status and gut microbiota of the host, thereby impacting its health.
{"title":"Impact of Polyonchobothrium magnum on health and gut microbial ecology of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus): Insights from morphological, molecular, and microbiological analyses.","authors":"Alamira Marzouk Fouad, Haitham G Abo-Al-Ela, Eman A Negm, Maha Abdelhaseib, Abdallah Alian, Naser Abdelsater, Rashad E M Said, Fatma A S Anwar, Doaa H Assar, Sara Abdel-Aal Mohamed","doi":"10.1111/jfd.14013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.14013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parasites pose significant challenges to aquaculture and fisheries industries. Our study focuses on the Polyonchobothrium magnum and African catfish to address a potential health issue in aquaculture, explore host-parasite interactions that can help develop effective management practices to ensure fish health and industry sustainability. P. magnum was isolated from the stomach of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) as the primary site of infection, with a prevalence of 10%. Most affected fish were heavily infected (8 out of 10). Infection was confirmed by sequencing the PCR-targeted region of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit 1 (ND1) gene, along with light and scanning electron microscopes. The parasite had an elongated scolex with deep bothria, a prominent apical disc wider than the scolex itself, and a four-lobed appearance. The scolex contained a central rostellum divided into two semicircles, bearing 26-30 hooks, with an average of 28. The apical disc had large hooks arranged in four quadrants, with 6-8 hooks each, averaging 7 per quadrant. No neck was observed. Phylogenetic analysis of our sequence showed a 100% match with isolates from Guangzhou, China. In infected fish, the anterior kidney showed increased expression levels of nuclear factor kappa B and lysozyme, but decreased levels of in major histocompatibility complex antigen II. Plasma analysis revealed a significant drop in superoxide dismutase, a rise in interleukin-1 beta, and lower IgM levels compared to non-infected controls. Non-infected fish displayed greater gut microbiota diversity, with dominant families including Moraxellaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Fusobacteriaceae, and Caulobacteraceae, and prevalent genera such as Acinetobacter, Cetobacterium, and Brevundimonas. In contrast, infected fish exhibited very low diversity, with significantly higher proportions of Enterobacteriaceae (45.99%) and Aeromonadaceae (41.79%) compared to non-infected fish, which had 13.76% and 3.64% respectively. Cetobacterium somerae was prevalent in non-infected fish, while infected fish harboured Aeromonas fluvialis, Plesiomonas shigelloides, and Gallaecimonas xiamenensis. Overall, P. magnum disrupted the immune status and gut microbiota of the host, thereby impacting its health.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142140234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hadis Rahmatelahi, Simon Menanteau-Ledouble, Astrid S. Holzer, Mansour El-Matbouli, Mona Saleh
Type III secretion system (T3SS) is an important virulence system in Gram-negative bacteria. In this investigation, different environmental conditions that regulate the expression of T3SS genes in Yersinia ruckeri were investigated aimed at obtaining a better understanding about its modulation after various environmental challenges. Four isolates of Y. ruckeri CSF007-82, ATCC29473, A7959-11 and YRNC10 were cultivated under the diverse in vitro challenges iron depletion, high salt, low pH and in the presence of fish serum or in the fish cell culture (Chinook Salmon Embryo – CHSE). The transcriptional modulation of the chromosomal genes ysaV, ysaC, ysaJ and prgH of ysa were investigated using quantitative real-time PCR. The expression of prgH, ysaV, ysaC and ysaJ was differentially expressed in all four strains under evaluation. The highest gene expression levels were observed for Y. ruckeri YRNC10 AN after addition of 0.3 M NaCl in Luria Bertani broth. The results obtained from this study provide initial insights into T3SS responses in Y. ruckeri, which pave the way for further studies aimed at expanding our knowledge on the functional roles of the T3SS genes in Y. ruckeri.
III 型分泌系统(T3SS)是革兰氏阴性细菌的一个重要毒力系统。本研究调查了不同环境条件下对 ruckeri 耶尔森菌 T3SS 基因表达的调控,旨在更好地了解其在各种环境挑战下的调控情况。研究人员在缺铁、高盐、低 pH、鱼血清或鱼细胞培养(奇努克鲑鱼胚胎--CHSE)等不同体外挑战条件下培养了四种拉氏耶尔森菌分离株 CSF007-82、ATCC29473、A7959-11 和 YRNC10。利用实时定量 PCR 技术研究了 ysa 的染色体基因 ysaV、ysaC、ysaJ 和 prgH 的转录调控。prgH、ysaV、ysaC和ysaJ的表达在所有四个受测菌株中均存在差异。在 Luria Bertani 肉汤中加入 0.3 M NaCl 后,Y. ruckeri YRNC10 AN 的基因表达水平最高。本研究的结果提供了对 Y. ruckeri 中 T3SS 反应的初步认识,为进一步研究 Y. ruckeri 中 T3SS 基因的功能作用铺平了道路。
{"title":"Differential expression of the type III secretion system genes in Yersinia ruckeri: Preliminary investigations in different environmental conditions","authors":"Hadis Rahmatelahi, Simon Menanteau-Ledouble, Astrid S. Holzer, Mansour El-Matbouli, Mona Saleh","doi":"10.1111/jfd.14007","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jfd.14007","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Type III secretion system (T3SS) is an important virulence system in Gram-negative bacteria. In this investigation, different environmental conditions that regulate the expression of T3SS genes in <i>Yersinia ruckeri</i> were investigated aimed at obtaining a better understanding about its modulation after various environmental challenges. Four isolates of <i>Y. ruckeri</i> CSF007-82, ATCC29473, A7959-11 and YRNC10 were cultivated under the diverse in vitro challenges iron depletion, high salt, low pH and in the presence of fish serum or in the fish cell culture (Chinook Salmon Embryo – CHSE). The transcriptional modulation of the chromosomal genes <i>ysaV, ysaC, ysaJ</i> and <i>prgH</i> of <i>ysa</i> were investigated using quantitative real-time PCR. The expression of <i>prgH, ysaV, ysaC</i> and <i>ysaJ</i> was differentially expressed in all four strains under evaluation. The highest gene expression levels were observed for <i>Y. ruckeri</i> YRNC10 AN after addition of 0.3 M NaCl in Luria Bertani broth. The results obtained from this study provide initial insights into T3SS responses in <i>Y. ruckeri</i>, which pave the way for further studies aimed at expanding our knowledge on the functional roles of the T3SS genes in <i>Y. ruckeri</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jfd.14007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142140232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Radek Machat, Lubomir Pojezdal, Jan Gebauer, Radek Tesarik, Jitka Motlova, Miroslava Palikova, Martin Faldyna
The common carp is one of the most economically valuable freshwater fish worldwide and its aquaculture can be severely affected by the koi sleepy disease (KSD)/carp edema virus disease (CEVD). This study explores a natural outbreak of CEVD in a pond containing both clinically healthy and diseased fish of various origins exposed to the virus. We investigated mRNA expression of genes associated with known antiviral immune mechanisms, such as type I interferon signalling and cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and performed a comprehensive protein expression analysis to highlight differences between the two groups in various organs. Significant differences in expression profiles of common carp with and without clinical signs were found to be strongly dependent on the organ from which the sample originated. Components of the complement cascade, including various C3 proteins, exhibited upregulation only in less affected organs, specifically the head kidney and spleen. Other complement proteins such as B/C2 and C9 showed upregulation in the kidney, spleen, and gills but not in the skin. Conversely, lysozymes C and G, were observed to be upregulated in the most affected organs of the skin and gills. This study submits the first description of the immune system related proteome using a mass spectrometry on the samples isolated from fish infected with CEV. It also offers a unique comparison of immune reaction of CEV infected and healthy fish under an infectious pressure.
鲤鱼是全球最具经济价值的淡水鱼之一,其水产养殖会受到锦鲤昏睡病(KSD)/鲤鱼水肿病病毒病(CEVD)的严重影响。本研究探讨了在一个池塘中自然爆发的 CEVD,该池塘中既有临床健康的鱼,也有接触过病毒的不同来源的病鱼。我们调查了与已知的抗病毒免疫机制(如 I 型干扰素信号传导和细胞介导的细胞毒性)相关的基因的 mRNA 表达,并进行了全面的蛋白质表达分析,以突显两组鱼在不同器官中的差异。研究发现,有临床症状和无临床症状的鲤鱼在表达谱上的显著差异与样本来源器官有很大关系。补体级联的组成成分,包括各种 C3 蛋白,只有在受影响较小的器官,特别是头部肾脏和脾脏,才会出现上调。其他补体蛋白(如 B/C2 和 C9)在肾脏、脾脏和鳃中上调,但在皮肤中没有上调。相反,在受影响最严重的皮肤和鳃等器官中,溶菌酶 C 和 G 则出现上调。本研究首次使用质谱法描述了从感染 CEV 的鱼体内分离的样本中与免疫系统相关的蛋白质组。该研究还对感染 CEV 的鱼和健康鱼在感染压力下的免疫反应进行了独特的比较。
{"title":"Immune response in diseased and healthy common carp exposed to carp edema virus","authors":"Radek Machat, Lubomir Pojezdal, Jan Gebauer, Radek Tesarik, Jitka Motlova, Miroslava Palikova, Martin Faldyna","doi":"10.1111/jfd.14012","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jfd.14012","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The common carp is one of the most economically valuable freshwater fish worldwide and its aquaculture can be severely affected by the koi sleepy disease (KSD)/carp edema virus disease (CEVD). This study explores a natural outbreak of CEVD in a pond containing both clinically healthy and diseased fish of various origins exposed to the virus. We investigated mRNA expression of genes associated with known antiviral immune mechanisms, such as type I interferon signalling and cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and performed a comprehensive protein expression analysis to highlight differences between the two groups in various organs. Significant differences in expression profiles of common carp with and without clinical signs were found to be strongly dependent on the organ from which the sample originated. Components of the complement cascade, including various C3 proteins, exhibited upregulation only in less affected organs, specifically the head kidney and spleen. Other complement proteins such as B/C2 and C9 showed upregulation in the kidney, spleen, and gills but not in the skin. Conversely, lysozymes C and G, were observed to be upregulated in the most affected organs of the skin and gills. This study submits the first description of the immune system related proteome using a mass spectrometry on the samples isolated from fish infected with CEV. It also offers a unique comparison of immune reaction of CEV infected and healthy fish under an infectious pressure.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jfd.14012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142140233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Four-finger threadfin, Eleutheronema tetradactylum farming in southern Taiwan has been facing disease problems caused by Streptococcus iniae since 2018. The development of a vaccine against infectious S. iniae in the cultured threadfin industry is necessary. Thus, this study aimed to examine the efficacy of threadfin immunized formalin-killed cells (FKC) from S. iniae GSI-111 for 42 days post-vaccination (dpv) using two doses of FKC alone (a booster at 14 dpv) as group A, and FKC mixed with ISA763A adjuvant using a single dose as group B or double doses as group C. Immunoglobulin (Ig)-M was purified from threadfin, and rabbit anti-threadfin IgM polyclonal antibodies were used to detect antibody level in immunized fish; the vaccinated group A displayed higher levels at 3 dpv and all vaccinated treatments demonstrated high antibody levels between 14 and 42 dpv. All vaccine groups showed significantly higher values of lysozyme activity at 42 dpv compared with the control group; the vaccinated A group peaked at 14 dpv. The expression profiles of pro-inflammatory and immune-related genes, TNF-α, IL-12A, and C2 were upregulated at 3 dpv, while CD8A and chemokine receptor CXCR4 were upregulated at 42 dpv. Finally, the threadfins were challenged with S. iniae at 42 dpv. The average relative percent survival was 96% for vaccination A and B treatments, and 100% for vaccination C treatment. In summary, this study demonstrated that FKC vaccines whether formulated with an adjuvant could stimulate immune response and effective protect threadfins against S. iniae infection.
自 2018 年以来,台湾南部的四指线鱼养殖业一直面临着由链球菌引起的疾病问题。在养殖螺纹鱼的行业中,有必要开发针对传染性伊氏链球菌的疫苗。因此,本研究旨在研究线鱼免疫福尔马林杀灭细胞(FKC)从 S. iniae GSI-111 疫苗接种后 42 天(dpv)的疗效,以两剂 FKC 单剂(14 dpv 时加强剂)作为 A 组,以 FKC 与 ISA763A 佐剂混合单剂作为 B 组或双剂作为 C 组。从螺纹鱼中纯化出免疫球蛋白(Ig)-M,并使用兔抗螺纹鱼 IgM 多克隆抗体检测免疫鱼的抗体水平;接种疫苗的 A 组在 3 dpv 时显示出较高的抗体水平,所有接种处理在 14 至 42 dpv 之间都显示出较高的抗体水平。所有疫苗组在 42 dpv 时的溶菌酶活性值都明显高于对照组;接种 A 组的溶菌酶活性在 14 dpv 达到峰值。促炎和免疫相关基因、TNF-α、IL-12A和C2的表达谱在3 dpv时上调,而CD8A和趋化因子受体CXCR4在42 dpv时上调。最后,线虫在 42 dpv 时受到猪链球菌的挑战。疫苗 A 和 B 处理的平均相对存活率为 96%,疫苗 C 处理的平均相对存活率为 100%。总之,本研究表明,FKC 疫苗无论是否添加佐剂,都能刺激免疫反应,有效保护螺纹鱼免受猪链球菌感染。
{"title":"Immune response and protection efficacy of formalin-killed vaccines against Streptococcus iniae in four-finger threadfin Eleutheronema tetradactylum","authors":"Yin-Ze Shi, Andre Giovanni, Li-Wu Cheng, Wen-Rou Huang, Pei-Chi Wang, Shih-Chu Chen","doi":"10.1111/jfd.14009","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jfd.14009","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Four-finger threadfin, <i>Eleutheronema tetradactylum</i> farming in southern Taiwan has been facing disease problems caused by <i>Streptococcus iniae</i> since 2018. The development of a vaccine against infectious <i>S</i>. <i>iniae</i> in the cultured threadfin industry is necessary. Thus, this study aimed to examine the efficacy of threadfin immunized formalin-killed cells (FKC) from <i>S</i>. <i>iniae</i> GSI-111 for 42 days post-vaccination (dpv) using two doses of FKC alone (a booster at 14 dpv) as group A, and FKC mixed with ISA763A adjuvant using a single dose as group B or double doses as group C. Immunoglobulin (Ig)-M was purified from threadfin, and rabbit anti-threadfin IgM polyclonal antibodies were used to detect antibody level in immunized fish; the vaccinated group A displayed higher levels at 3 dpv and all vaccinated treatments demonstrated high antibody levels between 14 and 42 dpv. All vaccine groups showed significantly higher values of lysozyme activity at 42 dpv compared with the control group; the vaccinated A group peaked at 14 dpv. The expression profiles of pro-inflammatory and immune-related genes, <i>TNF-α</i>, <i>IL-12A</i>, and <i>C2</i> were upregulated at 3 dpv, while <i>CD8A</i> and chemokine receptor <i>CXCR4</i> were upregulated at 42 dpv. Finally, the threadfins were challenged with <i>S</i>. <i>iniae</i> at 42 dpv. The average relative percent survival was 96% for vaccination A and B treatments, and 100% for vaccination C treatment. In summary, this study demonstrated that FKC vaccines whether formulated with an adjuvant could stimulate immune response and effective protect threadfins against <i>S</i>. <i>iniae</i> infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142107996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jucimauro de Araújo Pereira Junior, Gracienhe Gomes dos Santos, Domickson Silva Costa, Graziella Vivine Gonçalves de Matos Silva, Paola Capistrano dos Santos, Gabriele Bueno dos Anjos, Luiz Felipe Kretzer de Moraes, Claudia Andrea Lima Cardoso, Arlene Sobrinho Ventura, Natalino da Costa Sousa, Mauricio Laterça Martins
This study aimed to perform in vitro antiparasitic and antimicrobial tests with the essential oil (EO) of Schinus terebinthifolius against of fish and shrimp. The chemical composition of the EO of S. terebinthifolius was determined by gas chromatography. For the antiparasitic test, the protozoan Epistylis sp. obtained from parasitized Oreochromis niloticus was used, and exposed to different concentrations of EO (2%, 1%, 0.5%, 0.25%), and control with 1% grain alcohol. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) test with EO of S. terebinthifolius evaluated the antimicrobial potential, with serial dilutions starting at 2% and control with 1% grain alcohol, using the strains of Aeromonas hydrophila (2.2 × 108 CFU mL−1), Edwardsiella tarda, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. harveyi, and V. alginolyticus (2.0 × 108 CFU mL−1). Chemical analysis revealed that the major EO compounds of S. terebinthifolius were δ-3-Carene (56.00%) and α-Pinene (16.89%). In the antiparasitic test, the concentration of 2% EO showed 100% efficacy against Epistylis sp. within 5 min. In the antimicrobial tests, the concentration of 2% EO was effective against all bacteria tested. The EO of S. terebinthifolius demonstrated antiparasitic and antimicrobial activity at a concentration of 2%, standing out as an alternative to conventional antibiotics.
{"title":"Exploring the antiparasitic and antimicrobial potential of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi essential oil against fish and shrimp pathogens","authors":"Jucimauro de Araújo Pereira Junior, Gracienhe Gomes dos Santos, Domickson Silva Costa, Graziella Vivine Gonçalves de Matos Silva, Paola Capistrano dos Santos, Gabriele Bueno dos Anjos, Luiz Felipe Kretzer de Moraes, Claudia Andrea Lima Cardoso, Arlene Sobrinho Ventura, Natalino da Costa Sousa, Mauricio Laterça Martins","doi":"10.1111/jfd.14010","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jfd.14010","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aimed to perform in vitro antiparasitic and antimicrobial tests with the essential oil (EO) of <i>Schinus terebinthifolius</i> against of fish and shrimp. The chemical composition of the EO of <i>S. terebinthifolius</i> was determined by gas chromatography. For the antiparasitic test, the protozoan <i>Epistylis</i> sp. obtained from parasitized <i>Oreochromis niloticus</i> was used, and exposed to different concentrations of EO (2%, 1%, 0.5%, 0.25%), and control with 1% grain alcohol. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) test with EO of <i>S. terebinthifolius</i> evaluated the antimicrobial potential, with serial dilutions starting at 2% and control with 1% grain alcohol, using the strains of <i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> (2.2 × 10<sup>8</sup> CFU mL<sup>−1</sup>), <i>Edwardsiella tarda</i>, <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i>, <i>V. harveyi</i>, and <i>V. alginolyticus</i> (2.0 × 10<sup>8</sup> CFU mL<sup>−1</sup>). Chemical analysis revealed that the major EO compounds of <i>S. terebinthifolius</i> were δ-3-Carene (56.00%) and α-Pinene (16.89%). In the antiparasitic test, the concentration of 2% EO showed 100% efficacy against <i>Epistylis</i> sp. within 5 min. In the antimicrobial tests, the concentration of 2% EO was effective against all bacteria tested. The EO of <i>S. terebinthifolius</i> demonstrated antiparasitic and antimicrobial activity at a concentration of 2%, standing out as an alternative to conventional antibiotics.</p>","PeriodicalId":15849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of fish diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142008887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}