The genus Echinophora (Apiaceae) is represented in the flora of Turkey by six species including three endemics. These are: E. tenuifolia subsp. sihthotpiana, E. tournefortii, E. orientalis and three endemic species: E. chrysantha, E. trichophylla and E. lamondiana. The Echinophora species are also used in folk medicine to heal wounds and to treat gastric ulcers and also used spice for food. E. tenuifolia subsp. sihthorpiana known as “Cortuk, Corduk, Tarhana Otu or Tursu otu” in Turkish and its the most widely used species in genus Echinophora in Turkey. In this sudy; the diagnostic fruit characters of the genus are described; the geographic distribution in the world and Turkey of the genus is mapped. And ethnobotanical uses of the species in Turkey has been compiled and given with a table
{"title":"The synopsis of the genus Echinophora L. (Apiaceae) in Turkey","authors":"Ilker Genç, Gülay Ecevit-Genç","doi":"10.16883/JFPIU.88536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16883/JFPIU.88536","url":null,"abstract":"The genus Echinophora (Apiaceae) is represented in the flora of Turkey by six species including three endemics. These are: E. tenuifolia subsp. sihthotpiana, E. tournefortii, E. orientalis and three endemic species: E. chrysantha, E. trichophylla and E. lamondiana. The Echinophora species are also used in folk medicine to heal wounds and to treat gastric ulcers and also used spice for food. E. tenuifolia subsp. sihthorpiana known as “Cortuk, Corduk, Tarhana Otu or Tursu otu” in Turkish and its the most widely used species in genus Echinophora in Turkey. In this sudy; the diagnostic fruit characters of the genus are described; the geographic distribution in the world and Turkey of the genus is mapped. And ethnobotanical uses of the species in Turkey has been compiled and given with a table","PeriodicalId":15850,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Faculty Pharmacy of Istanbul University","volume":"14 1","pages":"233-240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90559840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the last decades, growing number of counterfeit pharmaceuticals involve to global pharmaceutical market. The counterfeited drugs are substandard, poor quality copies of original products, so they pose a global and serious health risk which can lead to resistance to treatment, illness, disability and even death. Recently in Turkey, a counterfeit cancer drug has been realized from its package and it was reported that 95 patients did not get the treatment they supposed. Moreover, it is understood that, they are marketed not even in Turkey but also to the global market. Counterfeiting is a crime and a problem of all countries even developed or underdeveloped. Pharmacist and all healthcare professionals should be knowledgeable and vigilant on the importance of the adverse effects of counterfeited drugs. In this review, we have tried to draw attention to counterfeit drugs and their adverse effects on public health
{"title":"Adverse effects of counterfeit drugs on public health","authors":"H. Sipahi","doi":"10.16883/JFPIU.38277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16883/JFPIU.38277","url":null,"abstract":"In the last decades, growing number of counterfeit pharmaceuticals involve to global pharmaceutical market. The counterfeited drugs are substandard, poor quality copies of original products, so they pose a global and serious health risk which can lead to resistance to treatment, illness, disability and even death. Recently in Turkey, a counterfeit cancer drug has been realized from its package and it was reported that 95 patients did not get the treatment they supposed. Moreover, it is understood that, they are marketed not even in Turkey but also to the global market. Counterfeiting is a crime and a problem of all countries even developed or underdeveloped. Pharmacist and all healthcare professionals should be knowledgeable and vigilant on the importance of the adverse effects of counterfeited drugs. In this review, we have tried to draw attention to counterfeit drugs and their adverse effects on public health","PeriodicalId":15850,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Faculty Pharmacy of Istanbul University","volume":"41 19 1","pages":"89-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88754085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite the profound therapeutic advantages possessed by herbs, some constituents of herbs have been shown to be potentially toxic. Knowledge on their safety is inadequate although the concerns have been raised over the lack of quality controls. We aimed to determine safety of six herbal mixtures used as tea, included forty plant species, chosen on the basis of their frequency of medicinal use and commercial importance in Turkey. Their cytotoxic activities were evaluated by determining mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase (XTT) and extracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities on human cerviks cell line (HeLa). For their genotoxic activities, two bacterial mutation assays, Ames assay with Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains and umu assay with S. thyphimurium TA1535/pSK1002 strain, were used. The 50% inhibition concentration (IC) values of the extracts for LDH and XTT tests were 6.52-63.53 and 18.75-104.67 mg/mL, respectively. In the genotoxicity studies conducted by umu assay, no extracts possessed genotoxic activities at 6.25-25 mg/mL. On the contrary, Ames bacterial mutagenicity assay conducted at the same concentrations revealed that (i) some extracts were shown mutagenic activities with metabolic activation (ii) TA100 strain was more sensitive than TA98 strain to the extracts, (iii) especially, three herbal mixtures may include ingredients shown mutagenic activities both in two strains and with metabolic activation. Our findings showed that herbal teas have some significant toxic effects. Therefore, the researchers and/or national authorities should consider that the use of herbal products may be harmful to human health
{"title":"The cyto- and genotoxic potantials of the herbal mixtures frequently used in Turkey","authors":"Anıl Candaş Aygan","doi":"10.16883/JFPIU.42277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16883/JFPIU.42277","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the profound therapeutic advantages possessed by herbs, some constituents of herbs have been shown to be potentially toxic. Knowledge on their safety is inadequate although the concerns have been raised over the lack of quality controls. We aimed to determine safety of six herbal mixtures used as tea, included forty plant species, chosen on the basis of their frequency of medicinal use and commercial importance in Turkey. Their cytotoxic activities were evaluated by determining mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase (XTT) and extracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities on human cerviks cell line (HeLa). For their genotoxic activities, two bacterial mutation assays, Ames assay with Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains and umu assay with S. thyphimurium TA1535/pSK1002 strain, were used. The 50% inhibition concentration (IC) values of the extracts for LDH and XTT tests were 6.52-63.53 and 18.75-104.67 mg/mL, respectively. In the genotoxicity studies conducted by umu assay, no extracts possessed genotoxic activities at 6.25-25 mg/mL. On the contrary, Ames bacterial mutagenicity assay conducted at the same concentrations revealed that (i) some extracts were shown mutagenic activities with metabolic activation (ii) TA100 strain was more sensitive than TA98 strain to the extracts, (iii) especially, three herbal mixtures may include ingredients shown mutagenic activities both in two strains and with metabolic activation. Our findings showed that herbal teas have some significant toxic effects. Therefore, the researchers and/or national authorities should consider that the use of herbal products may be harmful to human health","PeriodicalId":15850,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Faculty Pharmacy of Istanbul University","volume":"175 1","pages":"31-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76991266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gizem Bulut, E. Tuzlacı, A. Doğan, Ismail Senkardes
Apiaceae is one of the richest families in the flora of Turkey. And it is also one of the most important families in which there are many popular plants used in traditional therapy in Turkey. The aim of this study is a revision on the Turkish folk medicinal plants of the Apiaceae family according to our investigations and scientific literature records. Our studies are based on mainly local ethnobotanical investigations. The ethnopharmacological information was obtained through open and semi-structured interviews from the local people. The specimens of the folk medicinal plants were collected during the field works and then identified. In addition, the scientific literature records on the subject were revised. According to the list based on our investigations and the literature records, 70 species of Apiaceae are used in therapy in Turkey. The plants are mostly used for the digestive system diseases, hemorrhoids, diabetes and as aphrodisiac and sedative
{"title":"An ethnopharmacological review on the Turkish Apiaceae species","authors":"Gizem Bulut, E. Tuzlacı, A. Doğan, Ismail Senkardes","doi":"10.16883/JFPIU.28873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16883/JFPIU.28873","url":null,"abstract":"Apiaceae is one of the richest families in the flora of Turkey. And it is also one of the most important families in which there are many popular plants used in traditional therapy in Turkey. The aim of this study is a revision on the Turkish folk medicinal plants of the Apiaceae family according to our investigations and scientific literature records. Our studies are based on mainly local ethnobotanical investigations. The ethnopharmacological information was obtained through open and semi-structured interviews from the local people. The specimens of the folk medicinal plants were collected during the field works and then identified. In addition, the scientific literature records on the subject were revised. According to the list based on our investigations and the literature records, 70 species of Apiaceae are used in therapy in Turkey. The plants are mostly used for the digestive system diseases, hemorrhoids, diabetes and as aphrodisiac and sedative","PeriodicalId":15850,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Faculty Pharmacy of Istanbul University","volume":"86 1","pages":"163-179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80806144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Multipipe flutes (Pan flutes) made of hollow stems of Umbelliferous plants were in use in Russia up until the start of the 21st century in KomiPermyak, Komi-Zyryan and Russian people. The plant species were identified as Angelica sylvestris and A. archangelica. The authors collected an interesting plant “zargum” (“zorka”) in Komi-Permyak region and identified it as A. sylvestris. A pipe is closed, involves a stem node together with an internode fragment. The internode anatomy in Angelica sylvestris and A. archangelica was studied. The epidermis, collenchyma, and cortex are not lignified, the vascular bundles form a ring, the interfascicular space being completely filled with sclerenchyma, and the central primary parenchyma also becomes lignified. The sturdiness of the musical instrument, retention of its form upon drying, and the sound quality can all be attributed to the presence of this solid lignified cylinder
{"title":"Umbellifere and traditional music","authors":"T. Ostroumova, M. M. Kryukova","doi":"10.16883/JFPIU.01689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16883/JFPIU.01689","url":null,"abstract":"Multipipe flutes (Pan flutes) made of hollow stems of Umbelliferous plants were in use in Russia up until the start of the 21st century in KomiPermyak, Komi-Zyryan and Russian people. The plant species were identified as Angelica sylvestris and A. archangelica. The authors collected an interesting plant “zargum” (“zorka”) in Komi-Permyak region and identified it as A. sylvestris. A pipe is closed, involves a stem node together with an internode fragment. The internode anatomy in Angelica sylvestris and A. archangelica was studied. The epidermis, collenchyma, and cortex are not lignified, the vascular bundles form a ring, the interfascicular space being completely filled with sclerenchyma, and the central primary parenchyma also becomes lignified. The sturdiness of the musical instrument, retention of its form upon drying, and the sound quality can all be attributed to the presence of this solid lignified cylinder","PeriodicalId":15850,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Faculty Pharmacy of Istanbul University","volume":"10 5 1","pages":"157-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78511923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Habitat fragmentation is one of the main threats to biodiversity. Hence, many species nowadays occur mainly in small and isolated populations (such as endemic species), and will be expected to face extinction. The precise evaluation of the conservation status of a particular species is a necessary condition to prevent its extinction. The correct assessment of conservation status of a species is the most significant tools in biodiversity conservation.Extensive field studies and a large number of specimens collected from N-W Syria and examining herbarium specimens deposited at some limited Syrian herbaria. Ecological properties were also observed in the field. Threatened categories are proposed according to IUCN Red List Categories Version 3.1. Conservation status of eight species is evaluated for Syria and global level. Threatened categories of the species are determined as • NT for Peucedanum mucronatum, Johrenia dichotoma, and Eryngium desertorum locally, and changed for the first two species to LC on globally (the latter is endemic only to the region).• VU for Chaerophyllum libanoticum, Ferulago cassia, and Johrenia porteri for local and global levels.• EN for Ferula hermonis for both the local and global levels.• CR for Eryngium maritimum for the local level, but decreased to NT on the global level.The taxa mainly distributed at coastal areas and Mountains of east Mediterranean. This region is under various threats because of Human disturbance, Agricultural activities and repeated forest fires in recent years. Therefore, in situ and ex situ conservation measures should be enforced for the species
{"title":"Conservation status of eight rare (Apiaceae) taxa from Syria","authors":"N. Asswad","doi":"10.16883/JFPIU.92200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16883/JFPIU.92200","url":null,"abstract":"Habitat fragmentation is one of the main threats to biodiversity. Hence, many species nowadays occur mainly in small and isolated populations (such as endemic species), and will be expected to face extinction. The precise evaluation of the conservation status of a particular species is a necessary condition to prevent its extinction. The correct assessment of conservation status of a species is the most significant tools in biodiversity conservation.Extensive field studies and a large number of specimens collected from N-W Syria and examining herbarium specimens deposited at some limited Syrian herbaria. Ecological properties were also observed in the field. Threatened categories are proposed according to IUCN Red List Categories Version 3.1. Conservation status of eight species is evaluated for Syria and global level. Threatened categories of the species are determined as • NT for Peucedanum mucronatum, Johrenia dichotoma, and Eryngium desertorum locally, and changed for the first two species to LC on globally (the latter is endemic only to the region).• VU for Chaerophyllum libanoticum, Ferulago cassia, and Johrenia porteri for local and global levels.• EN for Ferula hermonis for both the local and global levels.• CR for Eryngium maritimum for the local level, but decreased to NT on the global level.The taxa mainly distributed at coastal areas and Mountains of east Mediterranean. This region is under various threats because of Human disturbance, Agricultural activities and repeated forest fires in recent years. Therefore, in situ and ex situ conservation measures should be enforced for the species","PeriodicalId":15850,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Faculty Pharmacy of Istanbul University","volume":"43 1","pages":"145-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91061473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ferulago W. Koch (Trib. Peucedaneae) cinsi dunya uzerinde Kuzey Yarikurede (baslica Avrupa, Kuzeybati ve Orta Asya, Kafkaslar, Kuzey ve Kuzeybati Afrika) yayilis gosteren yaklasik 49 ture sahiptir. Turkiye'de ise 17'si endemik olmak uzere 32 turle temsil edilir ki bu sayi dunya uzerinde en yuksek miktardir. Dikkate deger tur sayisi ve endemik turlerin orani ile Ferulago cinsi icin Turkiye bir "gen merkezi" olarak dusunulebilir.
{"title":"A CHEMOTAXONOMIC STUDY ON FERULAGO SPECIES IN TURKEY","authors":"E. Akalın, .. M.Koçyiğit","doi":"10.16883/JFPIU.31791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16883/JFPIU.31791","url":null,"abstract":"Ferulago W. Koch (Trib. Peucedaneae) cinsi dunya uzerinde Kuzey Yarikurede (baslica Avrupa, Kuzeybati ve Orta Asya, Kafkaslar, Kuzey ve Kuzeybati Afrika) yayilis gosteren yaklasik 49 ture sahiptir. Turkiye'de ise 17'si endemik olmak uzere 32 turle temsil edilir ki bu sayi dunya uzerinde en yuksek miktardir. Dikkate deger tur sayisi ve endemik turlerin orani ile Ferulago cinsi icin Turkiye bir \"gen merkezi\" olarak dusunulebilir.","PeriodicalId":15850,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Faculty Pharmacy of Istanbul University","volume":"28 1","pages":"33-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81795846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bu calismanin amaci, Keltepe' nin (Kartepe) [A3 Kocaeli] ve yakm cevresinin vaskular bitki florasini saptamaktir. Calisma alanindan toplanan vaskular bitkilerin degerlendirilmesi sonucunda 80 familyaya ait 256 cins, 418 tur ve alt tur teshis edilmistir. Daha Once alanda kayitli olmayan 40 takson (A3) karesine eklenmistir. Asteraceae familyasindan Adenostyles alliariae (Gouan) A. Kerner subsp. alliariae Turkiye florasi icin yeni bir kayittir.
{"title":"THE FLORA OF KELTEPE AREA (KOCAELİ/TURKEY)","authors":"S. Akinci, .. E.Özhatay","doi":"10.16883/JFPIU.11220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16883/JFPIU.11220","url":null,"abstract":"Bu calismanin amaci, Keltepe' nin (Kartepe) [A3 Kocaeli] ve yakm cevresinin vaskular bitki florasini saptamaktir. Calisma alanindan toplanan vaskular bitkilerin degerlendirilmesi sonucunda 80 familyaya ait 256 cins, 418 tur ve alt tur teshis edilmistir. Daha Once alanda kayitli olmayan 40 takson (A3) karesine eklenmistir. Asteraceae familyasindan Adenostyles alliariae (Gouan) A. Kerner subsp. alliariae Turkiye florasi icin yeni bir kayittir.","PeriodicalId":15850,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Faculty Pharmacy of Istanbul University","volume":"243 1","pages":"23-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75866899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bu calismada %20-70 amonyum sulfat doygunlugunda cokturulen kirmizi pancar suyunun cozunur proteinlerinin, B 12 vitamini ile etkilesimleri spektorofotometrik olarak incelenmistir. Disaridan Bi 2 vitamini katildiktan sonra %20'lik amonyum sulfat doygunlugunda cokturulen proteinleri 260 nm'de maksimum absorpsiyonu anlamli bir sekilde artti ve 247 nm'ye kaydi. Bu dalga boyundaki kaymanin B ]2 vitamini Ile baglanmadan oturu olabileceginden suphelenilmistir. Yarismali baglanma, radyoizotop sulandirma ve Hgand blot metodlari kullanilarak isaretli B 12 vitamini ile bu fraksiyondaki proteinler arasinda baglanma olup olmadigi arastirilmistir. %20 amonyum sulfat doygunlugundaki protein fraksiyonunda Bi 2 vitamini, Co +2 ve fenilalaninin fazla miktarda bulundugu ama proteinlerin isaretli Bi 2 vitamini ile herhangi bir etkilesim gostermedigi saptanmistir. Maksimum absorbansin 280 nm yerine 260 nm de belirmesi, proteinlerin vitamin B 12 ile etkilesmesinden degil, bu fraksiyondaki proteinlerin fazla miktarda fenilalanin, az miktarda tirozin icermesinden oturu olabilir.
{"title":"INVESTIGATION of RED BEET [Beta vulgaris L. (subsp. rapaf. rubra )] JUICE PROTEINS for VITAMIN B12 BINDING","authors":"A. Ogan, H. Kuzu, S. Önder, A. Günel, M. Enginün","doi":"10.16883/JFPIU.39502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16883/JFPIU.39502","url":null,"abstract":"Bu calismada %20-70 amonyum sulfat doygunlugunda cokturulen kirmizi pancar suyunun cozunur proteinlerinin, B 12 vitamini ile etkilesimleri spektorofotometrik olarak incelenmistir. Disaridan Bi 2 vitamini katildiktan sonra %20'lik amonyum sulfat doygunlugunda cokturulen proteinleri 260 nm'de maksimum absorpsiyonu anlamli bir sekilde artti ve 247 nm'ye kaydi. Bu dalga boyundaki kaymanin B ]2 vitamini Ile baglanmadan oturu olabileceginden suphelenilmistir. Yarismali baglanma, radyoizotop sulandirma ve Hgand blot metodlari kullanilarak isaretli B 12 vitamini ile bu fraksiyondaki proteinler arasinda baglanma olup olmadigi arastirilmistir. %20 amonyum sulfat doygunlugundaki protein fraksiyonunda Bi 2 vitamini, Co +2 ve fenilalaninin fazla miktarda bulundugu ama proteinlerin isaretli Bi 2 vitamini ile herhangi bir etkilesim gostermedigi saptanmistir. Maksimum absorbansin 280 nm yerine 260 nm de belirmesi, proteinlerin vitamin B 12 ile etkilesmesinden degil, bu fraksiyondaki proteinlerin fazla miktarda fenilalanin, az miktarda tirozin icermesinden oturu olabilir.","PeriodicalId":15850,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Faculty Pharmacy of Istanbul University","volume":"12 1","pages":"13-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88591582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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