Pub Date : 2022-04-19DOI: 10.4314/equijost.v8i1.16
A. Yauri, Abdulkadir M. Ahmad, M. I. Kamba
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) Technology recently attracts attention of many researchers; this is due toits numerous potentialities in civil application. One of the key areas of interest by researches is how to achievea total talent of “Sense and Avoid” in the UAV which will enhance safe and efficient trajectory of the vehicle.This is why this paper is going to use an optimization technique to optimize trajectory path of the UAV flight.The chosen optimization algorithm is Genetic algorithm (GA) which is going to be use to optimize the trajectoryof UAV by determine the shortest path of flight as well as obstacle-free path in order to save energy and timeduring flight. MATLAB and Simulink are used to simulate as well as evaluate the algorithm. In the result fromthe experiment, it appeared that an optimized trajectory path is tremendously better than path from the firstrandomly generated population in term of distance covered as well as time taken before triumph the target pointfrom the initial point.
{"title":"Trajectory Optimization of Quadrotor-UAV Drone Using Genetic Algorithm","authors":"A. Yauri, Abdulkadir M. Ahmad, M. I. Kamba","doi":"10.4314/equijost.v8i1.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/equijost.v8i1.16","url":null,"abstract":"Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) Technology recently attracts attention of many researchers; this is due toits numerous potentialities in civil application. One of the key areas of interest by researches is how to achievea total talent of “Sense and Avoid” in the UAV which will enhance safe and efficient trajectory of the vehicle.This is why this paper is going to use an optimization technique to optimize trajectory path of the UAV flight.The chosen optimization algorithm is Genetic algorithm (GA) which is going to be use to optimize the trajectoryof UAV by determine the shortest path of flight as well as obstacle-free path in order to save energy and timeduring flight. MATLAB and Simulink are used to simulate as well as evaluate the algorithm. In the result fromthe experiment, it appeared that an optimized trajectory path is tremendously better than path from the firstrandomly generated population in term of distance covered as well as time taken before triumph the target pointfrom the initial point.","PeriodicalId":158544,"journal":{"name":"Equity Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130360149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-19DOI: 10.4314/equijost.v8i1.12
Abubakar K. Rabiu, C. M. Elinge, M. M. Ambursa, A. Rabiu, D. Samaila
In this study, the production and characterization of bioethanol from rice and corn straws were investigated.The bioethanol was produced through dilute acid hydrolysis, fermentation and distillation; and the distillateswere purified by dehydration using zeolite 4A. The physicochemical and fuel properties of the bioethanoldistillates including pH, refractive index, specific gravity, flash point, octane rating and calorific or heatingvalue were evaluated. Further characterization of the biofuel was carried out using FTIR and GC-MS. Theresults indicated that octane number, calorific value, and specific gravity of the corn straw bioethanol obtainedwere significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to rice straw bioethanol. Meanwhile, no statistically significantdifference (p˃0.05) was observed in the flash point, refractive index, pH, pour and cloud points of thebioethanol produced from the two lignocellulosic substrates. Furthermore, the results reveal that pH, octanenumber, specific gravity and flash point are within the ASTM standards while refractive index, cloud and pourpoint were slightly outside the ASTM standard. This reveal potential of the feedstock as a source for Bioethanolproduction.
{"title":"Characterization of Bioethanol Fuel from Rice and Corn Straws: A Comparative Study","authors":"Abubakar K. Rabiu, C. M. Elinge, M. M. Ambursa, A. Rabiu, D. Samaila","doi":"10.4314/equijost.v8i1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/equijost.v8i1.12","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the production and characterization of bioethanol from rice and corn straws were investigated.The bioethanol was produced through dilute acid hydrolysis, fermentation and distillation; and the distillateswere purified by dehydration using zeolite 4A. The physicochemical and fuel properties of the bioethanoldistillates including pH, refractive index, specific gravity, flash point, octane rating and calorific or heatingvalue were evaluated. Further characterization of the biofuel was carried out using FTIR and GC-MS. Theresults indicated that octane number, calorific value, and specific gravity of the corn straw bioethanol obtainedwere significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to rice straw bioethanol. Meanwhile, no statistically significantdifference (p˃0.05) was observed in the flash point, refractive index, pH, pour and cloud points of thebioethanol produced from the two lignocellulosic substrates. Furthermore, the results reveal that pH, octanenumber, specific gravity and flash point are within the ASTM standards while refractive index, cloud and pourpoint were slightly outside the ASTM standard. This reveal potential of the feedstock as a source for Bioethanolproduction.","PeriodicalId":158544,"journal":{"name":"Equity Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120924157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-19DOI: 10.4314/equijost.v8i1.17
Albert O. Fasogbon, J. Odewade, Ruth T. Omojoyegbe
This study was designed to determine the antibacterial potential of Gum Arabic Tree (Acacia nilotica) pod extracton some pathogenic bacteria which could have health implications. Powdered pods of Acacia nilotica wereextracted with ethanol and distilled water separately. The extracts were tested for antibacterial activities against thetest isolates using Agar Well Diffusion method. The extracts were further subjected to qualitative phytochemicalscreening to detect secondary metabolites present using standard procedures. The minimum inhibitory andminimum bactericidal concentrations of the extracts were also detected using standard procedures. Thephytochemical screening revealed certain metabolites (steroids, saponins, terpenoids, tannins, flavonoids, andalkaloids) in the ethanol and aqueous extracts, except for steroids, which were present only in ethanol extract. Theresult of the sensitivity test showed that ethanol pod extract produced the highest and least zone of inhibition againstPseudomonas aeruginosa (22 mm) and S. typhi (15 mm) respectively at 50mg/ml while the aqueous extract of thepod exhibited activity against S. typhi (20 mm) and E. coli (12 mm) at 50 mg/ml. This showed that the A. niloticapod extracts could serve as potential antibacterial agents against pathogenic bacteria.
{"title":"Antibacterial Potential of Pod Extracts of Gum Arabic Tree (Acacia nilotica)","authors":"Albert O. Fasogbon, J. Odewade, Ruth T. Omojoyegbe","doi":"10.4314/equijost.v8i1.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/equijost.v8i1.17","url":null,"abstract":"This study was designed to determine the antibacterial potential of Gum Arabic Tree (Acacia nilotica) pod extracton some pathogenic bacteria which could have health implications. Powdered pods of Acacia nilotica wereextracted with ethanol and distilled water separately. The extracts were tested for antibacterial activities against thetest isolates using Agar Well Diffusion method. The extracts were further subjected to qualitative phytochemicalscreening to detect secondary metabolites present using standard procedures. The minimum inhibitory andminimum bactericidal concentrations of the extracts were also detected using standard procedures. Thephytochemical screening revealed certain metabolites (steroids, saponins, terpenoids, tannins, flavonoids, andalkaloids) in the ethanol and aqueous extracts, except for steroids, which were present only in ethanol extract. Theresult of the sensitivity test showed that ethanol pod extract produced the highest and least zone of inhibition againstPseudomonas aeruginosa (22 mm) and S. typhi (15 mm) respectively at 50mg/ml while the aqueous extract of thepod exhibited activity against S. typhi (20 mm) and E. coli (12 mm) at 50 mg/ml. This showed that the A. niloticapod extracts could serve as potential antibacterial agents against pathogenic bacteria.","PeriodicalId":158544,"journal":{"name":"Equity Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133709334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-19DOI: 10.4314/equijost.v8i1.15
A. Yauri
This study investigated the impact of information technology on organizational performance of NigeriaImmigration Service (NIS) Kebbi State Command. To achieve the objectives of the study, the primary data wascollected through the use of questionnaires. The population used for this research comprises of the entire personnelof NIS Kebbi State Command (465) while Krejcie and Morgan 1970 table was used to select the sample size of214 personnel for the purpose of this study. The 214 questionnaires were administered for data collection. Fromthe results obtained it is revealed that there is a positive relationship between the information technology andorganizational performance; it also shows that information technology has significant effect on organizationalperformance. The study revealed that there are IT devices available for the personnel of NIS Kebbi State Commandto discharge their statutory duties efficiently. The study revealed that the use of IT contributed to increase in revenuegeneration, helped provide the up-to-date technology in computers, and improved the data collection process andreporting by the NIS personnel. This helped in making decision making process faster, improved the operationalefficiency and productivity of the personnel, facilitated better communication in service delivery, helped securedthe information and helped improved the performance of organization. Which means that there is significantrelationship between the Information technologies with the organizational performance of the staff of immigrationservice in Kebbi state offices.
{"title":"The Impact of Information Technology on Organizational Performance of Nigerian Immigration Service, Kebbi State Command","authors":"A. Yauri","doi":"10.4314/equijost.v8i1.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/equijost.v8i1.15","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the impact of information technology on organizational performance of NigeriaImmigration Service (NIS) Kebbi State Command. To achieve the objectives of the study, the primary data wascollected through the use of questionnaires. The population used for this research comprises of the entire personnelof NIS Kebbi State Command (465) while Krejcie and Morgan 1970 table was used to select the sample size of214 personnel for the purpose of this study. The 214 questionnaires were administered for data collection. Fromthe results obtained it is revealed that there is a positive relationship between the information technology andorganizational performance; it also shows that information technology has significant effect on organizationalperformance. The study revealed that there are IT devices available for the personnel of NIS Kebbi State Commandto discharge their statutory duties efficiently. The study revealed that the use of IT contributed to increase in revenuegeneration, helped provide the up-to-date technology in computers, and improved the data collection process andreporting by the NIS personnel. This helped in making decision making process faster, improved the operationalefficiency and productivity of the personnel, facilitated better communication in service delivery, helped securedthe information and helped improved the performance of organization. Which means that there is significantrelationship between the Information technologies with the organizational performance of the staff of immigrationservice in Kebbi state offices.","PeriodicalId":158544,"journal":{"name":"Equity Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127840105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-19DOI: 10.4314/equijost.v8i1.21
A. Umar
There is a growing demand to establish reliable method for the detection of cyanobacterial toxins in order to bewell informed on the prevalence of cyanotoxins in our environments. This study employed the underivatizedmethod of analysis to detect the production of BMAA by the axenic cultures of cyanobacterial strains SynechocystisNPLB 2 and Nostoc MAC PCC 8009 using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization - ion trap massspectrometry (LC/ESI-ITMS). Cyanobacterial cultures were grown in the laboratory for 12 weeks after whichBMAA was extracted using methanol and analysed by LC/ESI-ITMS. Based on retention time, mass-to-chargeratio, and ratio of the product ions, the underivatized method of analysis employed in this study showed that bothSynechocystis NPLB 2 and Nostoc MAC PCC 8009 strains produced BMAA. The results of this study suggests thatthe LC/ESI-ITMS is a promising method for the analysis of BMAA in cyanobacterial matrices.
有一个日益增长的需求，以建立可靠的方法检测蓝藻毒素，以充分了解在我们的环境中流行的蓝藻毒素。本研究采用液相色谱-电喷雾电离-离子阱质谱法(LC/ESI-ITMS)对蓝细菌菌株synechocystisnplb2和Nostoc MAC pcc8009的无菌培养过程中BMAA的产量进行了检测。蓝藻培养物在实验室培养12周后，用甲醇提取bmaa，并通过LC/ESI-ITMS进行分析。根据保留时间、质荷比和产物离子比，本研究采用欠活化分析方法，发现synechocystis NPLB 2和Nostoc MAC PCC 8009菌株均产生BMAA。本研究结果表明，LC/ESI-ITMS是一种很有前途的蓝藻基质中BMAA的分析方法。
{"title":"Detection of the Neurotoxic Amino Acid β-N-methylamino-L-alanine in Axenic Cultures of Cyanobacterial Isolates by the Application of Underivatized Method of Analysis","authors":"A. Umar","doi":"10.4314/equijost.v8i1.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/equijost.v8i1.21","url":null,"abstract":"There is a growing demand to establish reliable method for the detection of cyanobacterial toxins in order to bewell informed on the prevalence of cyanotoxins in our environments. This study employed the underivatizedmethod of analysis to detect the production of BMAA by the axenic cultures of cyanobacterial strains SynechocystisNPLB 2 and Nostoc MAC PCC 8009 using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization - ion trap massspectrometry (LC/ESI-ITMS). Cyanobacterial cultures were grown in the laboratory for 12 weeks after whichBMAA was extracted using methanol and analysed by LC/ESI-ITMS. Based on retention time, mass-to-chargeratio, and ratio of the product ions, the underivatized method of analysis employed in this study showed that bothSynechocystis NPLB 2 and Nostoc MAC PCC 8009 strains produced BMAA. The results of this study suggests thatthe LC/ESI-ITMS is a promising method for the analysis of BMAA in cyanobacterial matrices.","PeriodicalId":158544,"journal":{"name":"Equity Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131061584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-19DOI: 10.4314/equijost.v8i1.13
M. A. Maikasuwa, Abdullahi A. Izo
The study examined the impact of Purdue Improved Cowpea Storage (PICS) Bag on the Profitability of CowpeaStorage in Kontagora Local Government Area of Niger State, Nigeria. Data were collected using a structuredquestionnaire. Descriptive statistics, multiple regression, independent t-test and farm budgeting models wereemployed for data analysis. Results of the descriptive analysis revealed that cowpea storage in the study areawas gender bias given that majority (94.2%) of the respondents were men. About (98.3%) had one form offormal education or the other, while (76.7%) had above 15 years farming experience. Results from the CobbDouglas regression model indicated that among socio-economic factors such as age, household size and yearsof experience, only age have a significant positive impact on the profitability of cowpea storage using PICSbag (p<0.097). The profitability analysis puts the average net revenue for chemical and PICS bags users at₦48,210 and ₦82,730 per hectare, respectively. The difference in profit was statistically significant (P< 0.00),implying that PICS bags usage was more profitable and had an impact on cowpea storage in the study area.Against this background, it was recommended that Niger State Government, through the Extension Componentof the State Agricultural Mechanization and Development Authority (NAMDA) promote efficient use ofimproved storage technology (PICS bag) amongst cowpea farmers in the study area with the view to ensuringprofitable and sustainable cowpea production.
{"title":"Impact of Purdue Improved Cowpea Storage (PICS) Bag on the Profitability of Cowpea Storage in Kontagora Local Government Area of Niger State","authors":"M. A. Maikasuwa, Abdullahi A. Izo","doi":"10.4314/equijost.v8i1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/equijost.v8i1.13","url":null,"abstract":"The study examined the impact of Purdue Improved Cowpea Storage (PICS) Bag on the Profitability of CowpeaStorage in Kontagora Local Government Area of Niger State, Nigeria. Data were collected using a structuredquestionnaire. Descriptive statistics, multiple regression, independent t-test and farm budgeting models wereemployed for data analysis. Results of the descriptive analysis revealed that cowpea storage in the study areawas gender bias given that majority (94.2%) of the respondents were men. About (98.3%) had one form offormal education or the other, while (76.7%) had above 15 years farming experience. Results from the CobbDouglas regression model indicated that among socio-economic factors such as age, household size and yearsof experience, only age have a significant positive impact on the profitability of cowpea storage using PICSbag (p<0.097). The profitability analysis puts the average net revenue for chemical and PICS bags users at₦48,210 and ₦82,730 per hectare, respectively. The difference in profit was statistically significant (P< 0.00),implying that PICS bags usage was more profitable and had an impact on cowpea storage in the study area.Against this background, it was recommended that Niger State Government, through the Extension Componentof the State Agricultural Mechanization and Development Authority (NAMDA) promote efficient use ofimproved storage technology (PICS bag) amongst cowpea farmers in the study area with the view to ensuringprofitable and sustainable cowpea production.","PeriodicalId":158544,"journal":{"name":"Equity Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114388267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-19DOI: 10.4314/equijost.v8i1.19
F. Oyeyipo, T. O. Adesetan, Yewande W. Yomi-Bada, Lateefat O. Soyemi
Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria are of great concern to healthcare because of theirresistance to β-lactam antibiotics. This study aims to screen Gram-negative bacteria recovered from fruit andvegetable salads for ESBL production. The bacteria in thirty samples of fruit and vegetable salads purchased fromfood vendors were isolated and identified with standard microbiological methods. The Gram-negative bacteriarecovered were screened for ESBL production by the double disk synergy test (DDST) and brilliance ESBL agar(BEA). The total coliform counts in the fruit and vegetable salads were in the ranges 2.3 - 19.1 x 104 cfu/g and 2.8- 19.4 x 104 cfu/g respectively. Ninety-eight (98) Gram-negative bacteria were recovered from the salad samples.They were Escherichia coli (34.7%), Citrobacter freundii (21.4%), Enterobacter cloacae (10.2%), Enterobacteraerogenes (9.2%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.2%). Klebsiella oxytoca (8.2%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (4.1%) andProteus mirabilis (3.1%). For ESBL production using DDST, 43. 9% (43) of the isolates were positive for the test.On the brilliance agar, 68.4% (67) showed the expected colour change as outlined by the manufacturer. However,five strains of K. oxytoca showed blue growth while sixteen of C. freundii had brown growth. ESBL-producing E.coli strains that were not detected with DDST grew on BEA. This finding showed that ESBL-producing bacteriaare present in fruit and vegetable salads retail in Ago-Iwoye, hence, there is need to take the necessary precautionsduring the preparation and storage of these food products to prevent contamination by these pathogens andsubsequent production of ESBL.
{"title":"Screening of Fruit and Vegetable Salads retailed in Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State for Extended- Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing Gram-Negative Bacteria","authors":"F. Oyeyipo, T. O. Adesetan, Yewande W. Yomi-Bada, Lateefat O. Soyemi","doi":"10.4314/equijost.v8i1.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/equijost.v8i1.19","url":null,"abstract":"Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria are of great concern to healthcare because of theirresistance to β-lactam antibiotics. This study aims to screen Gram-negative bacteria recovered from fruit andvegetable salads for ESBL production. The bacteria in thirty samples of fruit and vegetable salads purchased fromfood vendors were isolated and identified with standard microbiological methods. The Gram-negative bacteriarecovered were screened for ESBL production by the double disk synergy test (DDST) and brilliance ESBL agar(BEA). The total coliform counts in the fruit and vegetable salads were in the ranges 2.3 - 19.1 x 104 cfu/g and 2.8- 19.4 x 104 cfu/g respectively. Ninety-eight (98) Gram-negative bacteria were recovered from the salad samples.They were Escherichia coli (34.7%), Citrobacter freundii (21.4%), Enterobacter cloacae (10.2%), Enterobacteraerogenes (9.2%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.2%). Klebsiella oxytoca (8.2%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (4.1%) andProteus mirabilis (3.1%). For ESBL production using DDST, 43. 9% (43) of the isolates were positive for the test.On the brilliance agar, 68.4% (67) showed the expected colour change as outlined by the manufacturer. However,five strains of K. oxytoca showed blue growth while sixteen of C. freundii had brown growth. ESBL-producing E.coli strains that were not detected with DDST grew on BEA. This finding showed that ESBL-producing bacteriaare present in fruit and vegetable salads retail in Ago-Iwoye, hence, there is need to take the necessary precautionsduring the preparation and storage of these food products to prevent contamination by these pathogens andsubsequent production of ESBL.","PeriodicalId":158544,"journal":{"name":"Equity Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"71 9-10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132693207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-19DOI: 10.4314/equijost.v8i1.14
A. Yusuf, A. Muhammad, B. Gulumbe, Muhammad B. Danlami, B. Aliyu, Dawah I. Sodangi
The aim of this research was to determine the impact of biofilms on water distribution system of FederalUniversity Birnin Kebbi. Samples were collected from different water distribution pipelines in the University.Total heterotrophic count was carried out to determine the microbial load and Most Probable Method (MPN)was used to detect the presence of fecal coliforms in the water. Total heterotrophic bacterial count rangedbetween 1.6×103 to 3.9×103 cfu/ml. Escherichia Coli showed the highest frequency (25%) of occurrence, whilethe least frequency of occurrence (5%) was recorded for Klebsiella spp and Enterobacter spp respectively. Theisolates identified were Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella spp,Enterobacteria Spp, Salmonella Spp and Bacillus Spp. Presence of these isolates is of significant concern andmay cause some water borne diseases like diarrhea, dysentery etc. It is therefore recommended that water boardtreatment plant should use disinfectant chemicals like chlorine and perform regular proactive preventivemaintenance, microbial monitoring and infrastructure replacement and repair so as to reduce the occurrence ofbiofilms in the Water Distribution system.
{"title":"Impact of Biofilms on Water Distribution System of a Tertiary Institution in Northern Nigeria","authors":"A. Yusuf, A. Muhammad, B. Gulumbe, Muhammad B. Danlami, B. Aliyu, Dawah I. Sodangi","doi":"10.4314/equijost.v8i1.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/equijost.v8i1.14","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this research was to determine the impact of biofilms on water distribution system of FederalUniversity Birnin Kebbi. Samples were collected from different water distribution pipelines in the University.Total heterotrophic count was carried out to determine the microbial load and Most Probable Method (MPN)was used to detect the presence of fecal coliforms in the water. Total heterotrophic bacterial count rangedbetween 1.6×103 to 3.9×103 cfu/ml. Escherichia Coli showed the highest frequency (25%) of occurrence, whilethe least frequency of occurrence (5%) was recorded for Klebsiella spp and Enterobacter spp respectively. Theisolates identified were Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella spp,Enterobacteria Spp, Salmonella Spp and Bacillus Spp. Presence of these isolates is of significant concern andmay cause some water borne diseases like diarrhea, dysentery etc. It is therefore recommended that water boardtreatment plant should use disinfectant chemicals like chlorine and perform regular proactive preventivemaintenance, microbial monitoring and infrastructure replacement and repair so as to reduce the occurrence ofbiofilms in the Water Distribution system.","PeriodicalId":158544,"journal":{"name":"Equity Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129859491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-19DOI: 10.4314/equijost.v8i1.18
A. Yauri, A. B. Mohammed, Mubarak M. Bunza
A mysterious pneumonia outbreak has been announced by the World Health Organization on 31 December 2019,which was later known as COVID-19. COVID-19 is a novel virus that was then declared as pandemic due to its threatto the entire world from its nature of transmission. Since the outbreak, the world has experienced an unexpectedthreat with countless loss of lives across the globe. Despite the danger of COVID-19, many parts of the worldreceived insufficient or no information regarding the virus; its transmission prevention and effective handling oncesomeone is caught with the virus. Although various media sources such as newspapers, televisions, online forums,and social media have been filled with abundant information related to COVID-19, hence, the need to investigatethe contributions of these media sources in the delay of spread of the virus through proper dissemination of COVID-19 related information. This research aims at exploring the role of social media in controlling the COVID-19pandemic in Kebbi state, Nigeria. A survey method was employed in gathering and analyzing data. The resultsrevealed that, majority of the Kebbi state citizens received educational information on the virus and its variouspreventive measures through social media. The people of Kebbi state are fully aware and proactive towards themajor preventive measures against COVID-19 spread.
{"title":"Role of social media in the Delay of Corona Virus (COVID-19) Spread in Kebbi State","authors":"A. Yauri, A. B. Mohammed, Mubarak M. Bunza","doi":"10.4314/equijost.v8i1.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/equijost.v8i1.18","url":null,"abstract":"A mysterious pneumonia outbreak has been announced by the World Health Organization on 31 December 2019,which was later known as COVID-19. COVID-19 is a novel virus that was then declared as pandemic due to its threatto the entire world from its nature of transmission. Since the outbreak, the world has experienced an unexpectedthreat with countless loss of lives across the globe. Despite the danger of COVID-19, many parts of the worldreceived insufficient or no information regarding the virus; its transmission prevention and effective handling oncesomeone is caught with the virus. Although various media sources such as newspapers, televisions, online forums,and social media have been filled with abundant information related to COVID-19, hence, the need to investigatethe contributions of these media sources in the delay of spread of the virus through proper dissemination of COVID-19 related information. This research aims at exploring the role of social media in controlling the COVID-19pandemic in Kebbi state, Nigeria. A survey method was employed in gathering and analyzing data. The resultsrevealed that, majority of the Kebbi state citizens received educational information on the virus and its variouspreventive measures through social media. The people of Kebbi state are fully aware and proactive towards themajor preventive measures against COVID-19 spread.","PeriodicalId":158544,"journal":{"name":"Equity Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121661031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-19DOI: 10.4314/equijost.v8i1.20
Y. Suleiman, Taofiki Aminu, Y. Kaka, F. I. Agbomakha, Abdullahi Auwal, D. Yakubu
The study assessed the factors influencing extension workers effective use of Knowledge Management (KM) inSokoto State, Nigeria. Purposive sampling procedure was used to sample respondents from the study area andExtension Workers were selected from Sokoto Agricultural Development Project (SADP). Socio-economiccharacteristics were using structured questionnaire and a total of 188 respondents were sampled and data collectedanalysed using descriptive statistics and logit model as tools of analysis. The result of the study showed that 74.4% ofthe extension workers were male and majority (79.8%) were married. More so, 35% of the extension workers arewithin the age range of 31 – 40 years with household average size of 5-10 children. Majority (79%) of the extensionworkers had tertiary education. (35%) had experience ranging from 21-25 years on extension service delivery. About41% of respondents used motor cycle as a mean of transportation. Result of logit model shows that marital status,level of education, service experience, cosmopolitness and means of transportation had positive and significantrelationship with effectiveness of KM whereas household size and rank of extension workers had significant andnegative relationship with KM. It is therefore recommended that KM be encouraged and disseminated through topmanagement approach in SADP. This will avail quality and better extension service delivery by extension agencybecause the vast knowledge and experience garnered on effective extension service delivery by top managementofficer will be shared and passed on to junior officers. This will go in line with strengthening and improving thecapacity building of extension workers.
{"title":"Socio-economic Factors Influencing Extension Workers’ Effective use of Knowledge Management in Agricultural Extension Services","authors":"Y. Suleiman, Taofiki Aminu, Y. Kaka, F. I. Agbomakha, Abdullahi Auwal, D. Yakubu","doi":"10.4314/equijost.v8i1.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/equijost.v8i1.20","url":null,"abstract":"The study assessed the factors influencing extension workers effective use of Knowledge Management (KM) inSokoto State, Nigeria. Purposive sampling procedure was used to sample respondents from the study area andExtension Workers were selected from Sokoto Agricultural Development Project (SADP). Socio-economiccharacteristics were using structured questionnaire and a total of 188 respondents were sampled and data collectedanalysed using descriptive statistics and logit model as tools of analysis. The result of the study showed that 74.4% ofthe extension workers were male and majority (79.8%) were married. More so, 35% of the extension workers arewithin the age range of 31 – 40 years with household average size of 5-10 children. Majority (79%) of the extensionworkers had tertiary education. (35%) had experience ranging from 21-25 years on extension service delivery. About41% of respondents used motor cycle as a mean of transportation. Result of logit model shows that marital status,level of education, service experience, cosmopolitness and means of transportation had positive and significantrelationship with effectiveness of KM whereas household size and rank of extension workers had significant andnegative relationship with KM. It is therefore recommended that KM be encouraged and disseminated through topmanagement approach in SADP. This will avail quality and better extension service delivery by extension agencybecause the vast knowledge and experience garnered on effective extension service delivery by top managementofficer will be shared and passed on to junior officers. This will go in line with strengthening and improving thecapacity building of extension workers.","PeriodicalId":158544,"journal":{"name":"Equity Journal of Science and Technology","volume":"8 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113967629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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