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Rebuilding trust in public health and medicine in a time of declining trust in science 在对科学的信任度下降之际,重建对公共卫生和医学的信任。
IF 2.3 4区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1002/jhm.70086
Marianne Udow-Phillips MHSA, Joe Smyser PhD, MSPH, Natasha Bagdasarian MD, MPH

Trust in public health and medical practitioners has declined since COVID-19. Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, poor communication by medical and public health professionals coincident with the rise of social media enabled unverified, often erroneous information to spread quickly and widely. Providing accurate, fact-based information is imperative to save lives and promote health. Using a robust, evidence-based approach to tracking the spread of information and partnering with trusted messengers, states can take a leadership role in combatting misinformation and safeguarding the public's health.

自2019冠状病毒病以来,对公共卫生和医疗从业人员的信任有所下降。在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间,医疗和公共卫生专业人员沟通不畅,加上社交媒体的兴起,使得未经证实的、往往是错误的信息迅速广泛传播。提供准确、基于事实的信息对于拯救生命和促进健康至关重要。通过强有力的循证方法来跟踪信息的传播,并与可信赖的信使合作,各国可以在打击虚假信息和保障公众健康方面发挥领导作用。
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引用次数: 0
Prescribed in-hospital sodium intake for decompensated heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis 失代偿性心力衰竭的处方住院钠摄入量:系统回顾和荟萃分析。
IF 2.3 4区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1002/jhm.70091
Htun Ja Mai MBBS, MPH, Ghid Kanaan MD, Sebhat Erqou MD, PhD, Vincent Salvador MD, MPH, Jacob Joseph MD, MB, Wen-Chih Wu MD, MPH, James Rudolph MD, Eduardo L. Caputo PhD, Taylor Rickard MS, Katherine Rieke PhD, MPH, Ethan M. Balk MD, MPH, Eric Jutkowitz PhD

Background

Standard inpatient management of acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) has included restricted dietary sodium. Sodium supplementation with diuretics has been proposed as an alternative to treat ADHF in an inpatient setting.

Objectives

We conducted a systematic review to evaluate prescribed oral and/or intravenous sodium supplementation (with diuretics), to patients hospitalized for ADHF.

Methods

We searched Medline, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, CINAHL, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from inception to September 24, 2024, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and nonrandomized comparative studies (NRCSs) reporting intermediate, clinical, or health service use outcomes for ADHF inpatients. We assessed risk of bias, and where there were at least three studies reporting results from similar analyses, we conducted meta-analyses. GRADE methodology was used to assess the strength of evidence.

Results

Fourteen RCTs and two NRCSs compared supplemental sodium with furosemide to furosemide alone. Supplemental sodium with furosemide significantly decreased serum creatinine (pooled net mean difference [NMD]: −0.33 mg/dL, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [−0.50 to −0.17]), brain natriuretic peptide (pooled NMD: −62.84 pg/mL, 95% CI: [−103.61 to −22.08]), and weight (pooled NMD: −2.48 kg, 95% CI: [−4.31 to −0.66]). There were no significant differences in N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide (pooled NMD: −1614 pg/mL, 95% CI: [−3582 to 353]). There was a significant decrease in length of hospital stay (pooled MD: −2.68 days, 95% CI: [−3.81 to −1.55]). Studies provided insufficient evidence on mortality and readmission outcomes, and no evidence for caloric intake or clinical congestion score.

Conclusions

Sodium supplementation with diuretics may improve kidney function, promote weight loss, and shorten length of hospital stay.

背景:急性失代偿性心力衰竭(ADHF)的标准住院治疗包括限制饮食钠。钠补充利尿剂已被提议作为治疗ADHF在住院设置的替代方案。目的:我们对ADHF住院患者口服和/或静脉补钠(含利尿剂)进行了系统评价。方法:我们检索Medline、Embase、ClinicalTrials.gov、CINAHL和Cochrane系统评价数据库,从成立到2024年9月24日,检索报告ADHF住院患者中期、临床或卫生服务使用结果的随机对照试验(RCTs)和非随机比较研究(nrcs)。我们评估了偏倚风险,如果至少有三个研究报告了类似分析的结果,我们进行了荟萃分析。采用GRADE方法评估证据的强度。结果:14项随机对照试验和2项随机对照试验比较了钠联合呋塞米与单药呋塞米的差异。补充钠与速尿显著降低血清肌酐(合并净平均差[NMD]: -0.33 mg/dL, 95%可信区间[CI]:[-0.50至-0.17])、脑利钠肽(合并NMD: -62.84 pg/mL, 95% CI:[-103.61至-22.08])和体重(合并NMD: -2.48 kg, 95% CI:[-4.31至-0.66])。n端前b型利钠肽无显著差异(汇总NMD: -1614 pg/mL, 95% CI:[-3582 ~ 353])。住院时间显著减少(合并MD: -2.68天,95% CI:[-3.81至-1.55])。研究提供的关于死亡率和再入院结果的证据不足,也没有关于热量摄入或临床充血评分的证据。结论:钠补充利尿剂可改善肾功能,促进体重减轻,缩短住院时间。
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引用次数: 0
Pediatric nurse perspectives on patient- and family-centered rounds: A qualitative study 儿科护士对以患者和家庭为中心的查房的看法:一项定性研究。
IF 2.3 4区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1002/jhm.70071
Jennifer Baird PhD, MPH, MSW, RN, Genevieve Beaird PhD, RNC-OB, CNE, Elizabeth K. Tanner PhD, RN, FAAN, Eileen Romano RN, Leah Spacciante MN, RN, Sonia Garcia RN, BSN, CPN, Jazmin Rodriguez RN, Andrea Loureiro RN, BSN, CPN, Dorna Hairston PhD, RN, NEA-BC, NPD-BC, Kristen Emodi DNP, APRN-NP, PNP-AC/PC, Carrie Finley RN, April E. Fegley BA, Jayne Rogers MSN, RN, Sharon Cray BBA, Lauren Destino MD, Brian Good MB, BCh, BAO, Shilpa Patel MD, Nancy D. Spector MD, Christopher P. Landrigan MD, MPH, Alisa Khan MD, MPH, Erin Abu-Rish Blakeney PhD, RN

Background

Patient- and family-centered rounding (PFCR) models are used widely in pediatric hospitals and have been associated with better communication and fewer errors. Although model fidelity and sustainability are well-documented challenges reported by physicians and families, nurse perspectives are less known.

Objective

Our objective was to identify benefits for nurses and describe barriers and facilitators to nurse involvement in a PFCR model.

Methods

We used a qualitative descriptive approach to conduct and analyze focus group data. Focus group participants were nurses from sites participating in the Patient- and Family-centered (PFC) I-PASS Safer Communication on Rounds Every Time (SCORE) study, a hybrid effectiveness implementation study of a PFCR model at 21 US pediatric hospitals.

Results

Twenty-nine nurses from 14 study sites participated in four focus groups. We identified multiple benefits, barriers, and facilitators of nurse participation in PFC I-PASS rounds. Benefits included better communication, time savings and efficiency, conveying that nursing is a contributing part of the team. Barriers included competing demands of nurses’ workload, lack of fidelity during rounds, and uncertainty about whether nurses are welcome by other care team members. Facilitators key to supporting nurse participation and engagement in rounds included clear nursing role in rounds, predictable rounding schedule and format, attending physicians fostering a welcoming environment, and strategies for when a nurse is not available.

Conclusions

Nurses report many benefits of PFC I-PASS rounds. Increasing and sustaining nurse participation in PFC I-PASS requires specific, nurse-informed implementation strategies targeting both structural and interprofessional aspects of rounds.

背景:以患者和家庭为中心的围医(PFCR)模式在儿科医院广泛使用,并与更好的沟通和更少的错误相关。尽管模型的保真度和可持续性是医生和家庭报告的有充分证据的挑战,但护士的观点却鲜为人知。目的:我们的目的是确定护士在PFCR模型中的利益,并描述护士参与的障碍和促进因素。方法:采用定性描述方法对焦点小组数据进行分析。焦点小组参与者是参加以患者和家庭为中心(PFC) I-PASS每次查房安全沟通(SCORE)研究的护士,这是一项在21家美国儿科医院进行的PFCR模型的混合效果实施研究。结果:来自14个研究地点的29名护士参加了4个焦点小组。我们确定了护士参与PFC I-PASS查房的多种好处、障碍和促进因素。好处包括更好的沟通,节省时间和效率,传达护理是团队的重要组成部分。障碍包括护士工作量的竞争需求,查房时缺乏忠诚,以及不确定护士是否受到其他护理团队成员的欢迎。辅助人员是支持护士参与查房的关键,包括明确的护理角色,可预测的查房时间表和形式,主治医生营造温馨的环境,以及护士不在时的策略。结论:护士报告了PFC I-PASS查房的许多好处。增加和维持护士对PFC I-PASS的参与需要具体的、护士知情的实施策略,针对查房的结构和跨专业方面。
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引用次数: 0
Is secure messaging an effective tool for inpatient communication? 安全消息传递是住院患者通信的有效工具吗?
IF 2.3 4区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2025-05-29 DOI: 10.1002/jhm.70090
Michelle Knees DO, Sarah J. Flynn MD, MPhil, Esther Y. Hsiang MD, MBA, Alan A. Kubey MD, FACP

Secure messaging platforms were designed to optimize healthcare communication by providing asynchronous, bidirectional, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant text messaging options. Proponents argue that these platforms streamline workflows, foster coordination across multidisciplinary teams, and improve patient safety. However, critics highlight their potential to disrupt workflows through overwhelming message volumes and task interruptions, increased risk for miscommunication, and possible detrimental impacts on patient care. While secure messaging shows promise for modernizing hospital communication, it requires institutional guidelines and thoughtful use to mitigate inefficiencies and risks.

安全消息传递平台旨在通过提供异步、双向、符合《健康保险可移植性和责任法案》的文本消息传递选项来优化医疗保健通信。支持者认为,这些平台简化了工作流程,促进了多学科团队之间的协调,并提高了患者的安全性。然而,批评人士强调,它们有可能通过过多的信息量和任务中断来破坏工作流程,增加沟通不畅的风险,并可能对患者护理产生不利影响。虽然安全消息传递有望实现医院通信的现代化,但它需要制度性的指导方针和深思熟虑的使用,以减轻效率低下和风险。
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引用次数: 0
Next steps: Implications of proposed changes in federal Medicaid financing on hospital services for children 下一步:联邦医疗补助计划对儿童医院服务融资的拟议变化的影响。
IF 2.3 4区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2025-05-29 DOI: 10.1002/jhm.70087
Rachel Garfield PhD, MHS
<p>As has been widely reported, major cuts to the Medicaid program are on the table in federal budget negotiations.<span><sup>1</sup></span> While details are still forthcoming, among the proposals most discussed are changes in the structure of federal financing and restrictions on state financing mechanisms often used to pay hospitals. Medicaid is a core source of payment for hospital-based services, particularly for children, and changes in federal and state financing may have significant fallout for hospital services that could ultimately negatively affect children's health. While many people understand that funding cuts are on the table, fewer comprehend the mechanisms and details of how these cuts may be enacted; understanding these details can help connect the dots between federal debate and access to children's health care services.</p><p>Medicaid provides health insurance for nearly 80 million people, including 38 million children.<span><sup>2</sup></span> The program finances 19% of all US hospital expenditures<span><sup>3</sup></span> but plays a larger role in children's hospital care. Medicaid covers over 4 in 10 births (and nearly half of births in rural areas),<span><sup>4</sup></span> pays for over half of non-infant pediatric hospitalizations in the United States,<span><sup>5</sup></span> and accounts for more than half (54.3%) of gross revenue to children's hospitals.<span><sup>6</sup></span> Medicaid also finances ancillary and outpatient services related to hospital care for children (such as laboratory services, rehab services, or care coordination services), preventive and routine pediatric care, and community-based services to support children with special health care needs.<span><sup>7</sup></span></p><p>Medicaid hospital payments are a mix of federal and state dollars. Within federal requirements, state have discretion in setting methods and rates for Medicaid hospital payment, including whether services are provided under fee-for-service or managed care arrangements. The federal government then matches state Medicaid spending on an open-ended basis, with the share paid by the federal government ranging from 50% to 77% (federal shares are higher in lower-income states).<span><sup>8</sup></span> States can finance their share of Medicaid through general revenues or other sources such as provider taxes, in which states use revenue from fees on health care providers to finance their share of Medicaid costs.</p><p>In addition to base payments for hospital services paid through claims, states make Medicaid supplemental payments to hospitals. Medicaid supplemental payments are generally lump sum payments not tied to specific encounters, and they take various forms including disproportionate share hospital payments, upper payment limit payments, and uncompensated care pools. State use of supplemental payments is governed by federal regulations that essentially cap expenditures (specific rules vary by type of payment). While base
正如广为报道的那样,对医疗补助计划的重大削减已经提上了联邦预算谈判的议程虽然细节尚未公布,但讨论最多的建议包括改变联邦融资结构,以及限制通常用于支付医院费用的国家融资机制。医疗补助是医院服务,特别是儿童服务的核心支付来源,联邦和州财政的变化可能对医院服务产生重大影响,最终可能对儿童健康产生负面影响。虽然许多人知道削减资金已经摆在桌面上,但很少有人了解如何实施这些削减的机制和细节;了解这些细节有助于将联邦辩论与儿童医疗保健服务之间的联系起来。医疗补助计划为近8000万人提供医疗保险,其中包括3800万儿童该计划资助了美国所有医院支出的19%,但在儿童医院护理方面发挥着更大的作用。医疗补助覆盖了十分之四以上的分娩(农村地区几乎一半的分娩),支付了美国一半以上的非婴儿儿科住院费用,占儿童医院总收入的一半以上(54.3%)医疗补助还资助与儿童医院护理相关的辅助和门诊服务(如实验室服务、康复服务或护理协调服务)、预防和常规儿科护理,以及支持有特殊卫生保健需求的儿童的社区服务。医疗补助医院的支付是联邦和州资金的混合。在联邦规定范围内,各州有权自行决定医疗补助医院支付的方法和费率,包括服务是按服务收费还是按管理式护理安排提供。然后,联邦政府在无限制的基础上匹配各州的医疗补助支出,联邦政府支付的份额从50%到77%不等(低收入州的联邦份额更高)各州可以通过一般收入或提供者税等其他来源为其在医疗补助计划中的份额提供资金,其中各州使用向医疗保健提供者收取的费用收入来为其在医疗补助计划中的份额提供资金。除了通过索赔支付的医院服务基本付款外,各州还向医院支付医疗补助计划的补充付款。医疗补助补充支付通常是一次性支付,与特定的接触无关,它们采取各种形式,包括不成比例的医院支付,支付上限支付和无偿护理池。各州使用补充款项是由联邦法规管理的,这些法规基本上限制了支出(具体规则因付款类型而异)。虽然基本支付经常低于为医疗补助病人提供服务的护理成本(导致所谓的“医疗补助短缺”),但补充支付可能会使报销接近医疗补助病人的护理成本。在全国范围内,补充支付占医疗补助医院报销费用的很大一部分(53%),各州之间差异很大。各州还可以通过在管理式医疗合同中包括“州指导付款”(sdp),在管理式医疗下进行补充付款。近年来,sdp的使用有所增长,到2022年,它们占医疗补助计划向医院支付的补充款项的一半以上。强有力的证据表明,尽管医疗补助计划面临不足的挑战,但医疗补助计划有助于支持医院,并促进儿童获得所需的护理。研究表明,医疗补助可以帮助减少医院的无偿护理,改善财务状况。11,12医疗补助的开放式融资结构允许支出调整以适应新出现的需求,如新技术、创新疗法、流行病或经济衰退。医疗补助医院支付的灵活性还促进了以价值为基础的支付,以促进人口健康,其中支付与质量或人口健康结果挂钩,并为联邦政府和各州提供了一种杠杆,使其能够根据公共卫生优先事项向提供者提供资金。重要的是,医疗补助计划对儿童的健康状况带来了长期的改善,并已被证明可以延续到成年期。14,15最广泛讨论的医疗补助政策变化是取消开放式的联邦资金,并以“人均上限”的形式设置联邦资金上限。过去提出的医疗补助人均上限建议将联邦总支出限制为预先设定的每个注册人数上限乘以注册人数(上限可能因不同的注册群体而有所不同)。每个注册者的上限是基于过去的每个注册者的支出,并根据预定的增长率每年增加。 增长率通常被设定为低于预计的每位参保者支出增长,导致联邦支出相对于“基线”或当前预算金额较低。作为回报,联邦政府可以在现行法律不允许的福利或资格方面向各州提供灵活性。这种方法的支持者认为,它允许各州的变化,并确保联邦支出随着入学人数的增长而增长。然而,人均上限提案最终会导致用于医疗补助计划的联邦资金随着时间的推移而减少。对人均医疗补助限额的潜在影响的分析估计,长期来看,联邦资金将大幅减少(仅从这一条款来看,10年内联邦资金将减少15%)。各州不太可能弥补这一损失,很可能需要减少医疗补助的总预算(包括州和联邦资金)。联邦资金和相应的州资金在医疗补助计划上的共同损失可能导致医疗补助计划支出的减少,而不仅仅是联邦削减。其他拟议的联邦预算行动以补充支付为目标,旨在减少各州使用供应商税。这种对各州融资选择的限制可能导致各州减少医疗补助支出,从而减少联邦医疗补助支出。这些政策带来的支出变化的潜在规模存在不确定性,但随着时间的推移,削减可能会达到数千亿美元。虽然目前还不清楚各州将如何应对联邦医疗补助基金的削减,但这对儿科医院的服务有多种潜在影响。最直接的是,医院面临潜在的赔付损失。在医疗补助预算短缺期间,医疗服务提供者的费率是各州削减预算的一个共同目标,因为它们提供了直接的储蓄并减少了每个注册者的支出再加上对补充支付的潜在限制,降息可能会加剧医疗补助计划的不足。失去付款将导致提供者的经济困难,这反过来又可能加剧小型医院或农村医院儿科医院服务的减少降息还可能限制社区医疗服务提供者参与医疗补助计划,给仍然参与该计划的医院或卫生系统带来进一步的压力。医疗补助服务的限制也是可能的,因为在过去,各州为了应对预算压力而削减了福利各州可能会对医院服务施加限制,增加事先授权要求,或放弃有助于适当获得医院护理的辅助服务(即处方药或护理协调或通过豁免提供的家庭服务),就像它们在大衰退期间所做的那样21;这种变化可能会增加患者和提供者在获得服务方面的行政负担。虽然各州通常试图保持资格,但各州可能会通过减少注册来应对联邦医疗补助基金的减少。资格限制可能会导致保险范围的损失,并可能增加无偿护理。最后,在医疗补助中使用人均上限可能会对医疗补助在儿科医疗保健中创新或适应不断变化的技术或新出现的威胁的能力构成挑战。最终,国家对资金减少的反应可能对儿童获得医院护理和健康结果产生负面影响。虽然儿童在医疗补助支出中所占的份额相对较小,但医疗补助是美国儿童健康服务体系的核心支持。即使在支付方面存在挑战,该系统也改善了儿童的健康结果,并继续推动儿童健康方面的进步。政策的变化限制了提供者的支付(和潜在的参与),对服务设置障碍,或限制覆盖范围,将减少医疗补助计划的参保人获得护理的机会,这已被证明会使健康状况恶化。预算辩论仍在继续,这些变化能否成为法律的问题还有待观察。过去曾多次提出通过人均上限来限制联邦医疗补助支出的建议,但对国家财政和参保人员获得医疗服务的影响导致他们失败虽然有些人可能会争辩说,这些项目融资方面的变化仅仅会提高医疗补助计划的效率或减少浪费,但它们将对各州为儿童医疗保健服务提供资金的能力产生影响。随着时间的推移,关注医疗补助在支持美国儿童护理系统和促进儿童健康结果方面的重要性,可能有助于影响当前一轮关于联邦资金的辩论的决定。作者声明无利益冲突。
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引用次数: 0
Hospitalization costs associated with as-needed blood pressure medication use in the Veterans Healthcare System 退伍军人医疗保健系统中与按需使用降压药相关的住院费用。
IF 2.3 4区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2025-05-29 DOI: 10.1002/jhm.70089
Seonkyeong Yang MS, PhD, Anders Westanmo PharmD, Mark Bounthavong PharmD, PhD, Ronald Shorr MD, Haesuk Park PhD, Weihsuan Lo-Ciganic PhD, Muna Canales MD, MS

As-needed blood pressure (BP) medication used to treat asymptomatic BP elevations in the hospital may be harmful. However, its association with hospitalization costs remains unknown. We conducted a retrospective cohort study with target trial emulation and propensity-score matching to compare the total and subtype hospitalization costs for those who received as-needed BP medication (YES) versus not (NO) during a Veterans Affairs hospital stay between October 1, 2015 and September 30, 2020. After matching (n = 25,455 per group), the as-needed YES group had a longer length of stay compared to the NO group. Hospitalizations in the YES group were associated with higher total and subtype hospitalization costs compared to the NO group. Similarly, individuals in the YES group had higher daily total hospital costs compared to the NO group, driven primarily by increased nursing and surgery costs. Our findings suggest that the expenditure implications of as-needed BP medication use merit further investigation.

根据需要的血压(BP)药物用于治疗无症状血压升高在医院可能是有害的。然而,其与住院费用的关系尚不清楚。我们进行了一项回顾性队列研究,采用目标试验模拟和倾向评分匹配来比较2015年10月1日至2020年9月30日退伍军人事务医院住院期间接受按需降压药物治疗(YES)和未接受降压药物治疗(NO)的患者的总住院费用和亚型住院费用。匹配后(每组n = 25,455),按需YES组比NO组的停留时间更长。与NO组相比,YES组的住院费用与更高的总住院费用和亚型住院费用相关。同样,与NO组相比,YES组的个人每天的总住院费用更高,主要是由于护理和手术费用的增加。我们的研究结果表明,按需使用降压药物的支出影响值得进一步调查。
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引用次数: 0
Overloaded: How task switching, information synthesis, and poor relational trust make interhospital transfers challenging 超负荷:任务切换、信息合成和关系信任差如何使医院间转移具有挑战性。
IF 2.3 4区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2025-05-29 DOI: 10.1002/jhm.70084
Amy Yu MD, Lauren McBeth, Claire Westcott PA-C, Stephanie Mueller MD, MPH, Mustafa Ozkaynak PhD, MS, Brooke Dorsey Holliman PhD, Anna Maw MD, MS, Jacinda Nicklas MD, MPH, Christine D. Jones MD, MS

Background

Complex and inefficient information and task organization contribute to high cognitive load for clinicians in interhospital transfer (IHT) care. High cognitive load can lead to medical errors and clinician stress.

Objective

Our study aims to highlight areas of high cognitive load experienced by hospital medicine physicians and advanced practice providers who care for IHT patients.

Methods

Descriptive qualitative study using 1-h semi-structured interviews with hospital medicine clinicians at an academic medical center. We conducted thematic analysis using a combined inductive and deductive coding approach until saturation was achieved.

Results

We interviewed 30 hospital medicine clinicians including 17 physicians (57%) and 13 advanced practice providers (43%) with 1–18 years of experience (mean 5.7 years). Participants identified multiple contributors to cognitive load for clinicians involved in IHTs. Some of these contributors, such as case complexity and time constraints, were fixed, while others, such as task switching, information synthesis burdens, and poor relational trust were seen as potentially modifiable. Participants suggested that (1) creating a single IHT workflow to minimize distractions, (2) streamlining information presentation to optimize information synthesis, and (3) facilitating trust building between healthcare team members as potential solutions to reducing cognitive load.

Conclusions

Physicians and advanced practice providers at an academic medical center experienced increased cognitive load in IHTs when faced with frequent task switching, inefficient delivery of clinical information, and variable levels of trust between healthcare team members. Addressing cognitive load experienced by clinicians in IHTs may lead to safer IHT care and lower risk of clinician burnout.

背景:复杂和低效的信息和任务组织导致临床医生在医院间转院(IHT)护理中的认知负荷高。高认知负荷会导致医疗失误和临床医生的压力。目的:我们的研究旨在突出医院内科医生和护理IHT患者的高级实践提供者所经历的高认知负荷领域。方法:采用1小时半结构化访谈对某学术医疗中心的医院医学临床医生进行描述性定性研究。我们使用归纳和演绎编码相结合的方法进行主题分析,直到达到饱和。结果:我们采访了30名医院医学临床医生,其中17名内科医生(57%)和13名高级执业医师(43%),经验为1-18年(平均5.7年)。参与者确定了参与人工智能治疗的临床医生认知负荷的多个因素。其中一些因素(如案例复杂性和时间限制)是固定的,而其他因素(如任务切换、信息合成负担和关系信任差)则被认为是可以修改的。与会者建议(1)创建单一的IHT工作流程以减少干扰,(2)简化信息呈现以优化信息合成,以及(3)促进医疗团队成员之间的信任建立,作为减少认知负荷的潜在解决方案。结论:一个学术医疗中心的医生和高级实践提供者在面对频繁的任务转换、临床信息的低效传递和医疗团队成员之间不同程度的信任时,在iht中经历了增加的认知负荷。解决临床医生在IHT中经历的认知负荷可能会导致更安全的IHT护理和降低临床医生倦怠的风险。
{"title":"Overloaded: How task switching, information synthesis, and poor relational trust make interhospital transfers challenging","authors":"Amy Yu MD,&nbsp;Lauren McBeth,&nbsp;Claire Westcott PA-C,&nbsp;Stephanie Mueller MD, MPH,&nbsp;Mustafa Ozkaynak PhD, MS,&nbsp;Brooke Dorsey Holliman PhD,&nbsp;Anna Maw MD, MS,&nbsp;Jacinda Nicklas MD, MPH,&nbsp;Christine D. Jones MD, MS","doi":"10.1002/jhm.70084","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jhm.70084","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Complex and inefficient information and task organization contribute to high cognitive load for clinicians in interhospital transfer (IHT) care. High cognitive load can lead to medical errors and clinician stress.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study aims to highlight areas of high cognitive load experienced by hospital medicine physicians and advanced practice providers who care for IHT patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Descriptive qualitative study using 1-h semi-structured interviews with hospital medicine clinicians at an academic medical center. We conducted thematic analysis using a combined inductive and deductive coding approach until saturation was achieved.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We interviewed 30 hospital medicine clinicians including 17 physicians (57%) and 13 advanced practice providers (43%) with 1–18 years of experience (mean 5.7 years). Participants identified multiple contributors to cognitive load for clinicians involved in IHTs. Some of these contributors, such as case complexity and time constraints, were fixed, while others, such as task switching, information synthesis burdens, and poor relational trust were seen as potentially modifiable. Participants suggested that (1) creating a single IHT workflow to minimize distractions, (2) streamlining information presentation to optimize information synthesis, and (3) facilitating trust building between healthcare team members as potential solutions to reducing cognitive load.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Physicians and advanced practice providers at an academic medical center experienced increased cognitive load in IHTs when faced with frequent task switching, inefficient delivery of clinical information, and variable levels of trust between healthcare team members. Addressing cognitive load experienced by clinicians in IHTs may lead to safer IHT care and lower risk of clinician burnout.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15883,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hospital medicine","volume":"20 12","pages":"1282-1289"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144176110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Clinical progress note: Phenobarbital in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome 临床进展注:苯巴比妥治疗酒精戒断综合征。
IF 2.3 4区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2025-05-29 DOI: 10.1002/jhm.70088
Thad E. Abrams MD, Matthew V. Ronan MD

Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) is a common condition experienced by hospitalized patients. Practice patterns have evolved over time to include the use of phenobarbital, a barbiturate, as an adjunct to benzodiazepines or as an alternative monotherapy. The American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) has recommended the use of phenobarbital in the management of AWS in certain clinical contexts. The current evidence base for the use of phenobarbital in AWS remains limited, though sufficient to demonstrate safety and efficacy as an alternative to benzodiazepines.

酒精戒断综合征(AWS)是住院患者的常见症状。实践模式随着时间的推移而发展,包括使用苯巴比妥,一种巴比妥类药物,作为苯二氮卓类药物的辅助治疗或作为替代单一疗法。美国成瘾医学协会(ASAM)推荐在某些临床情况下使用苯巴比妥治疗AWS。尽管足以证明苯巴比妥作为苯二氮卓类药物替代品的安全性和有效性,但目前在AWS中使用苯巴比妥的证据基础仍然有限。
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引用次数: 0
Re-envisioning interhospital transfer: A qualitative study exploring alternatives to transfer 重新设想医院间转院:一项探索转院替代方案的定性研究。
IF 2.3 4区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2025-05-29 DOI: 10.1002/jhm.70083
Stephanie K. Mueller MD, MPH, James D. Harrison MPH, PhD, Amy Yu MD, Caitlin Kelly MPH, Luci K. Leykum MD, MBA, MSc

Background

Interhospital transfer (IHT, the transfer of patients between acute care hospitals) is often undertaken to provide patients with specialized care. However, mounting hospital capacity pressures suggest a need for re-envisioning IHT with consideration of alternatives to transfer in select patients.

Methods

We conducted a qualitative focus group study with key informants involved in IHT, including patient/family representatives, accepting and transferring clinicians, and hospital leadership. We used case examples of distinct IHT scenarios and a semi-structured focus group guide to explore aspects of the IHT process and potential alternative modalities of care. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis, with data coded into sub-themes and higher order themes until thematic saturation was achieved.

Results

We conducted a total of 7 focus groups, involving 6 patient/family representatives, 12 accepting clinicians, 9 transferring clinicians, and 12 hospital leadership from 13 geographically diverse hospitals. Within the higher order theme of “clinically appropriate alternatives to transfer,” we identified several sub-themes, including transferring hospital support, ambulatory alternatives, and patient and organizational risks and benefits. Within the higher order theme of “feasibility and barriers to identified alternatives” we identified three sub-themes, including clinician unease about expansion of clinical scope, lack of healthcare infrastructure to support tele-health care, and limited outpatient capacity.

Discussion

In this qualitative study of key informants involved in IHT, we identified several viable alternatives to IHT and revealed potential barriers that could impede their widespread implementation. These insights provide optimal targets for advancing efforts to develop and operationalize new care models, re-envisioning IHT management.

背景:医院间转院(IHT,病人在急症护理医院之间的转院)通常是为了给病人提供专门的护理。然而,不断增加的医院容量压力表明,需要重新设想IHT,并考虑对选定患者进行转院的替代方案。方法:我们对参与IHT的关键线人进行了定性焦点小组研究,包括患者/家属代表、接受和转移临床医生以及医院领导。我们使用不同IHT情景的案例和半结构化焦点小组指南来探索IHT过程的各个方面和潜在的替代护理模式。使用主题分析来分析数据,将数据编码为子主题和高阶主题,直到主题饱和为止。结果:我们共开展了7个焦点小组,包括来自13家不同地区医院的6名患者/家属代表、12名住院医生、9名转诊医生和12名医院领导。在“临床适宜的转院替代方案”这一更高层次的主题中,我们确定了几个子主题,包括转院支持、门诊替代方案以及患者和组织的风险和收益。在“确定替代方案的可行性和障碍”这一高级主题中,我们确定了三个子主题,包括临床医生对扩大临床范围的不安、缺乏支持远程保健的医疗基础设施以及门诊能力有限。讨论:在这项对参与IHT的关键线人的定性研究中,我们确定了几种可行的IHT替代方案,并揭示了可能阻碍其广泛实施的潜在障碍。这些见解为推进新护理模式的开发和运作、重新设想IHT管理提供了最佳目标。
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引用次数: 0
Clinical guideline highlight: Pediatric refractory constipation 临床指南重点:小儿难治性便秘。
IF 2.3 4区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2025-05-29 DOI: 10.1002/jhm.70072
Katherine Krause MD, Elizabeth Mertens MD
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of hospital medicine
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