Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer最新文献

Purpose: Colorectal cancer (CRC), a leading cause of cancer mortality, disproportionately impacts historically marginalized populations due to persistent health inequities. Effective recruitment and retention strategies are crucial to improving the representation of these populations in clinical trials. This study aims to evaluate the use of recruitment and retention strategies in CRC clinical trials, their impact on participant diversity, and the presence of diversity recruitment goals and ethical considerations.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of CRC treatment trials following PRISMA guidelines. Eligible studies were assessed for recruitment and retention strategies, diversity recruitment goals, and ethical considerations. Data were extracted in duplicate, ensuring masked and independent evaluations.

Results: Of the 2563 records identified, 55 studies met the inclusion criteria. Most trials (83.6%) focused on therapeutic interventions, and government funding was the most common (38.2%). Only three studies (5.5%) reported strategies to recruit historically marginalized populations, and 54 studies (98.2%) lacked diversity recruitment goals. None of the trials discussed ethical considerations related to diverse recruitment.

Conclusion: This study highlights significant gaps in recruitment and retention strategies for historically marginalized populations in CRC clinical trials. Few studies implement strategies to address these disparities which affect the diversity of the trial population, underscoring the need for targeted efforts to improve trial inclusivity. Addressing these gaps is critical to ensuring more equitable and representative outcomes in CRC research.

Background: Indocyanine green is commonly used for laparoscopic hepatectomy but remains uncommon in pancreatic surgery. Given the increasing number of small neuroendocrine tumors found in the pancreas and the heavy reliance on laparoscopic ultrasound for intraoperative localization, we attempted to use indocyanine green for these tumors. Our results show good localization and have the potential to provide a valuable clinical aid.

Case presentation: This case report details five patients with preoperative diagnosis of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors of small endocrine tumors, intraoperative successful localization, and successful completion of laparoscopic partial resection of pancreatic tumors by indocyanine green fluorescence staining; none of the patients experienced serious complications after surgery and were discharged from the hospital, and routine pathology confirmed that four cases were pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors of G1 stage, and one case was pancreatic neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia.

Conclusion: Fluorescence imaging technology safely aids in the intraoperative localization of small pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.

Introduction: Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer with the second highest mortality worldwide in 2020. Adjuvant chemotherapy is given for stage II-III colorectal cancer. However, there are side effects that decrease the patient's quality of life. Several studies have found that vitamin D could reduce the side effects of chemotherapy, but studies at Hasan Sadikin Hospital have not been done.

Methods: A study regarding the effect of vitamin D supplementation on the quality of life of stage II-III colorectal cancer patients undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy from May 2022 to April 2023 at Hasan Sadikin Hospital was conducted. A single-blinded, randomized controlled trial (RCT) with consecutive sampling was done at the digestive surgery outpatients. Data was taken from the medical record, history taking, and personal interviews. Quality of life was measured at the first, third, and sixth months after chemotherapy using the validated Indonesian version of the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire.

Results: A total of 34 patients received vitamin D and 34 others received placebo. Serum vitamin D levels significantly increased (p < 0.001) in the intervention arm, from a median of 21.34 (5.26-29.95) to 27.92 (13.58-40.49). Meanwhile, it decreased in the placebo arm, from a median of 22.78 (8.3-29.93) to 21.37 (7.45-31.26). The patient's quality of life improved significantly after receiving vitamin D, compared with the placebo group on the third (median of 75.0 vs 45.83) and sixth (median of 83.33 vs 33.33) months after chemotherapy.

Conclusion: Vitamin D consumption (10,000 IU/day) could improve the quality of life of colorectal cancer patients undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy.

Background: The survival benefit from later-line treatment for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) remains disappointing. Here, in a real-world study, we were aimed to evaluate which choice will affect the survival of mCRC patients after standard treatment in Chinese patients.

Methods: A total of 129 patients with refractory mCRC were involved in the study. They received targeted monotherapy or combined with chemo-agents or PD-1 inhibitor before death. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were reviewed and evaluated from clinical features and treatment options.

Results: Among the 129 patients, the median age was 56 years (25-81). The mOS from third-line was 12.5 months. OS of patients who treated with chemo plus targeted therapy group in third-line was shown to be superior to pd-1 inhibitor in combination with antiangiogenic agents or antiangiogenic monotherapy group (15.6 m vs. 10.5 m vs. 8.4 m, p < 0.05). Patients had received triplet-drugs (bevacizumab plus low-dose irinotecan and oxaliplatin) and had prolonged survival compared to those had not (21.3 m vs 10.3 m, p = 0.004). OS between patients who had immunotherapy history or not was not significantly different (p > 0.05). The mPFS was 3.5 months in patients who had administered with antiangiogenic targeted agents plus anti-pd-1 and 4.7 months in chemo plus targeted therapy group and 2.2 months in the other group. In the triplet drugs group, preliminary results showed that ORR was 13.3% and DCR was 80%. The median PFS was 5.1 m, and the median OS was 10.6 m.

Conclusions: Triplet drugs resulted in significantly longer overall survival, and immunotherapy may have limited benefit in MSS type CRC patients.

Purpose: Mental health (MH) conditions are common in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) due to the unique challenges these patients encounter. The primary aim was to investigate predictors of new onset MH conditions after a diagnosis of CRC and determine the association of new MH conditions on survival.

Methods: A single institution, retrospective study was conducted. A multivariable Fine-Gray competing risks model was used to describe the primary study outcome of new MH diagnosis in patients at least 18 years of age with CRC. Survival was modeled using Cox proportional hazards regression with a time-varying covariate for new MH diagnosis.

Results: 456 patients were identified for inclusion, with 16% developing a new MH condition and 29% dying during follow-up. A new MH condition was more likely among non-Hispanic white patients compared to non-Hispanic black and were less likely among those who are male or had a pre-cancer MH condition. The onset of a new MH condition was associated with a threefold decrease in survival. In addition, having a pre-cancer MH condition decreased survival nearly twofold.

Conclusions: Our findings emphasize the importance of new-onset MH in patients after CRC diagnosis. Standardized screenings may alleviate some of the MH burden that patients with CRC experience in addition to potentially improving the overall health of patients.

Implications for cancer survivors: MH conditions may impact not only CRC outcomes but may direct future studies analyzing the risks of new onset MH conditions in other types of cancers, further expanding the importance of psychiatric support in patients with cancer.

Purpose: Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRSH) or liver resection have led to increased survival in patients with peritoneal or liver metastases of colorectal cancer. Selected patients undergo concomitant CRSH and liver resection. Differences in survival and morbidity between patients who underwent concomitant surgery, CRSH or liver resection for peritoneal and/or liver metastases were compared.

Methods: Patients who underwent liver resection and/or CRSH for colorectal liver and/or peritoneal metastases, 2006-2016, were included. Regression analysis was used to evaluate the associations between baseline characteristics and survival.

Results: Overall, 634 patients were studied. Twenty-eight patients had peritoneal and liver metastases, 121 patients had peritoneal metastases only, and 485 patients had isolated liver metastases. Median survival after concomitant treatment was 23.8 months (95% CI 12.8-43.8), after CRSH 34.5 months (95% CI 27.1-41.9), and after liver resection 54.2 months (95% CI 47.4-61.0) (p < 0.001). Increased hepatic tumor burden (HR 3.2, 95% CI 1.8-5.8) and high-volume peritoneal disease (HR 6.0, 95% CI 3.7-9.8) were associated with decreased survival in multivariate analysis. Postoperative complications according to a Clavien-Dindo score > 3a were observed in 11% in the liver resection group, 15% in the CRSH group, and 11% in the concomitant treatment group (p = 0.945).

Conclusions: Patients treated with concomitant surgery for liver and peritoneal metastases experienced a shorter median overall survival than patients treated for metastases at an isolated site but had a similar rate of severe postoperative complications. The extent of peritoneal spread seemed to impact survival more than the tumor burden in the liver.

Purpose: While the relationship between eosinophilia and tumors has been extensively studied, eosinophilia is primarily observed clinically after tumor development, with no prior reports of eosinophilia occurring before tumor onset. This case report presents a unique instance of eosinophilia preceding the development of gastric cancer in an old male patient.

Methods: The patient was evaluated after being diagnosed with gastric cancer. Investigations included physical examinations, hematological evaluations, molecular assays for genetic variations associated with eosinophilia, tumor marker assessments, staging using the AJCC system, histopathological examinations, and comprehensive sequencing of tumor tissue.

Results: The patient exhibited disseminated erythematous macules and had a history of eosinophilia. Genetic testing for germline variations associated with eosinophilia was negative, and molecular assays did not detect significant genetic alterations linked to clonal eosinophilia. Staging revealed T1N0MX gastric cancer, with histopathology showing high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and positive PD-L1 expression. Notably, sequencing identified mutations in the NOTCH1 and NOTCH2 genes, which are known to regulate eosinophil migration. After surgical intervention, pathological examinations confirmed high-grade squamous cell carcinoma in the esophagus and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia in the stomach, without eosinophil infiltration. Surprisingly, the peripheral blood eosinophilia dramatically decreased following tumor resection.

Conclusion: This case underscores the potential for eosinophilia to occur prior to tumor development, challenging the current understanding of the relationship between eosinophilia and cancer. Further research is warranted to explore the implications of eosinophilia in cancer pathogenesis and its clinical significance.

Background: This study aims to evaluate the relationship between volumetric measurements of residual tumor via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and pathologic complete response (pCR) in rectal cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT).

Methods: Patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who had pelvic MRI for clinical staging and completed nCRT followed by radical resection were included. Two experienced radiologists measured tumor volume on MRI obtained before and after nCRT. We compared the pre- and post-CRT tumor volume and measured tumor volume reduction rates.

Results: The median value of tumor volume reduction rate in all patients was 64.7% (min-max - 81.1-98.1%). When the relationship between tumor volume and tumor regression grade (TRG) after nCRT was assessed, it was found that 18 of 21 (86%) patients with a good response (TRG 1) had a post-CRT tumor volume of ≤ 8 cm3 (p = 0.001). While 9 of 10 patients with pCR after nCRT had a tumor volume of ≤ 8 cm3, one patient had pCR despite having a tumor volume greater than 8 cm3 (p = 0.015).

Conclusion: The correlation between post-nCRT residual tumor volume and pCR underscores the potential of volumetric MRI as a predictive tool in tailoring rectal cancer treatment. For patients with residual tumor volumes greater than 8 cm³, extending neoadjuvant chemotherapy as part of TNT may enhance the likelihood of achieving pCR. This approach advocates for a more personalized treatment strategy, potentially optimizing outcomes for rectal cancer patients.

Objective: Gastric cancer ranks as one of the top five deadliest cancers worldwide and is often diagnosed at late stages. Analysis of saliva may provide a non-invasive approach for detection of malignancies in organs associated with the oral cavity. This research aims to analyze salivary microRNA expression together with clinical and demographic features with the aim of diagnosing gastric cancer.

Materials: The study included 19 patients with early-stage gastric cancer and 19 healthy controls. Saliva samples were collected and processed for RNA isolation. Salivary expression of miR-223-3p and miR-21-5p were measured using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to evaluate the accuracy of diagnostic models. Machine learning algorithms, multiple logistic regression, and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to assess the predictive power of miRNAs in conjunction with clinical-demographic features.

Results: Significant upregulation of miR-223-3p and downregulation of miR-21-5p in saliva were observed in patients with gastric cancer. The area under ROC curve (AUC) values for salivary miR-21-5p, salivary miR-223-3p, and their multiple logistic regression were determined to be 0.723, 0.791, and 0.850, respectively. The AUC for multiple logistic regression model was 0.919. The PCA model led to the highest diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) of 134.33 (sensitivity = 0.785, specificity = 1.00, AUC = 903). Application of machine learning methods, and in particular a random forest algorithm, showed high accuracy in diagnosing patients with gastric cancer (sensitivity = 1.00, specificity = 0.857, AUC = 0.93).

Conclusion: The application of validated salivary diagnostics in clinical practice could help facilitate earlier diagnosis of gastric cancer and improve medical outcome. Expression of miR-21 and miR-223-3p in saliva together with clinical and demographic features, appears promising in screening for GC.