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Adjustable circuits on semiconductor switching elements as a matching device in radar stations for outer space monitoring 外太空监测雷达站中作为匹配装置的半导体开关元件上的可调电路
Pub Date : 2020-11-18 DOI: 10.21778/2413-9599-2020-30-4-79-86
S. Kulikov, S. Y. Ashchunin, V. O. Korolev, V. Aldokhina
Formulation of the problem. When scanning in space by a phased array antenna (PAA), which consists of a large number of emitters, there is an interaction between them in the form of impedance. It affects the matching quality of the receiving-transmitting module of the PAA with the emitter and leads to significant losses of power and detection range of the radar station.Objective. Improving the quality of the PAA emitters matching when changing the position of the antenna directional pattern beam in space due to the use of adjustable super high frequency (SHF) matching circuits on the switching elements.Results. The article substantiates an increase in the functional capabilities of the development of adjustable matching circuits of super-high frequencies due to the use of switching elements in the device, which allow reducing the influence of factors caused by a change in the input impedance of the radiating element in phased antenna arrays. Based on the presented mathematical model, the change in the input resistance of the radiating elements is taken into account, which arises due to their mutual influence, and makes it possible to research the potential characteristics of controlled circuits when their structure and parameters change. The method of choosing the structure and parameters allows the device to be adjusted to the change in the input complex load resistance and ensure the minimum voltage standing-wave ratio.Practical significance. The proposed device allows for the calculation of implemented adjustable matching circuits, which, with existing materials and manufacturing technologies, provide a decrease in losses and an increase in range. An experimental model of microstrip design was developed based on the proposed device and a field experiment was carried out, which confirmed the correctness of the approach to the developed device.
问题的表述。相控阵天线(PAA)由大量发射体组成,在空间扫描时,它们之间以阻抗的形式相互作用。它影响了PAA收发模块与发射机的匹配质量,导致雷达站的功率损失和探测距离损失很大。在开关元件上采用可调超高频(SHF)匹配电路,在改变天线方向图波束在空间中的位置时,提高了PAA发射器的匹配质量。文章证实,由于在器件中使用开关元件,开发超高频可调匹配电路的功能能力有所增加,这可以减少相控天线阵列中辐射元件输入阻抗变化引起的因素的影响。基于所提出的数学模型,考虑了辐射元件之间相互影响所产生的输入电阻变化,从而可以研究被控电路在结构和参数变化时的电位特性。该结构和参数的选择方法使器件能够根据输入复杂负载电阻的变化进行调整,并保证最小的电压驻波比。现实意义。所提出的设备允许计算实现的可调匹配电路,使用现有的材料和制造技术,可以减少损耗并增加范围。在此基础上建立了微带设计的实验模型,并进行了现场实验,验证了该方法的正确性。
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引用次数: 1
Development direction of the strategic management system of the Russian military-industrial complex 俄罗斯军工联合体战略管理体系的发展方向
Pub Date : 2020-11-18 DOI: 10.21778/2413-9599-2020-30-4-47-61
K. Dobrova, E. Dobrova
Problem statement. The main problem is that the existing methods and mechanisms of strategic management of the MIC are not in line with to the new harsh external conditions due to sanctions, with the acceleration of scientific and technological progress, with the need of MIC transition to innovative development, with the development of military-civil integration processes.Objective. Determining the principal ways to develop the system of strategic management of the MIC of the Russian Federation.Results. Typical approaches to the formulation and solution of the development problems of the strategic management system of the defense industry are described – conservative and pivotal, and the need to implement a pivotal approach is shown. The main ways of creating a promising defense industry management system that meets modern requirements are shown.Practical implications. The need to develop and implement at the state level a comprehensive large innovative and institutional project for reforming the management system for the MIC is determined.
问题陈述。主要问题是现有的中民军战略管理方法和机制不适应制裁带来的新的严酷外部条件,不适应科技进步的加快,不适应中民军向创新发展过渡的需要,不适应军民融合进程的发展。确定了发展俄罗斯联邦军工企业战略管理体系的主要途径。阐述了国防工业战略管理体系发展问题制定和解决的典型途径——保守型和枢纽型,并指出了实施枢纽型的必要性。提出了建立符合现代要求的具有发展前景的国防工业管理体系的主要途径。实际意义。确定需要在国家一级制定和实施一个综合性的、大型的、创新的、体制性的项目来改革中等收入国家的管理体制。
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引用次数: 0
Research of electrical characteristics of increased uniformity LAN-cables 增强型均匀局域网电缆电气特性研究
Pub Date : 2020-11-17 DOI: 10.21778/2413-9599-2020-30-4-14-22
A. Bulkhin, V. Klyuchnikov, V. Bannov, V. Popov
Formulation of the problem. At present, symmetric LAN cables are widely used in structured cabling systems (SCS) and fixed broadband access (BBA) networks in the world and in Russia. Practical experience of using LAN cables on real broadband access networks shows that high-quality transmission can only be achieved using high-quality highly uniform cables.Objective. Study of the dependence of the quality of LAN-cables on technological equipment and the quality of materials, which provide increased cable uniformity.Results. Based on the experimental studies carried out with the use of a modern measuring system, the main electrical characteristics of the transmission and the mutual influence of the most popular four-pair LAN-cable of the 5e category of the U/UTP4×2×0.52 type in the frequency range up to 100 MHz are determined. It is shown that to ensure high and stable transmission characteristics and mutual influence, modern technological equipment must be equipped with cable quality parameters automatic control systems and it is necessary to choose reliable suppliers when using domestic production materials.Practical significance. For the effective practical use of LAN cables on fixed broadband access networks and in SCS, it is very important to have high stability of electrical characteristics and their compliance with rather high established standards. This is possible only by ensuring high geometric and structural homogeneity of the structural elements of LAN cables.
问题的表述。目前,对称局域网电缆在世界和俄罗斯广泛应用于结构化布线系统(SCS)和固定宽带接入(BBA)网络中。在实际宽带接入网中使用局域网电缆的实践经验表明,只有使用高质量、高度均匀的电缆才能实现高质量的传输。研究了局域网电缆质量对工艺设备和材料质量的依赖性,从而提高了电缆的均匀性。基于使用现代测量系统进行的实验研究,确定了在高达100 MHz的频率范围内最流行的U/UTP4×2×0.52型5e类四对局域网电缆的传输主要电气特性和相互影响。研究表明,为了保证高稳定的传输特性和相互影响,现代工艺设备必须配备电缆质量参数自动控制系统,选用国产生产材料时必须选择可靠的供应商。现实意义。为了在固定宽带接入网和SCS中有效地实际使用局域网电缆,电气特性的高稳定性及其符合相当高的既定标准是非常重要的。这只有通过确保局域网电缆结构元件的高度几何和结构均匀性才能实现。
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引用次数: 0
Digital image processing algorithms for visual navigation of an unmanned aircraft 无人机视觉导航的数字图像处理算法
Pub Date : 2020-09-07 DOI: 10.21778/2413-9599-2020-30-3-75-85
Александр Александрович Макаренко, Л. А. Винокуров
The algorithms of digital image processing in the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) visual navigation system are stated and the program realization of the method is presented in the article. Assessment of a range of spatial frequencies of the image is carried out using the stated algorithms. The look and structure of a two-dimensional amplitude spatial spectrum of the image allow allocating existence of vertical and horizontal borders and lines on the image and giving a general idea about their spatial orientation. The spectral submission of the compared images is also used for the acceleration of correlation function calculations. Using the results of digital processing of an amplitude two-dimensional spatial range of the image observed by the onboard TV camera the data allowing to specify the spatial UAV coordinates and to estimate a condition and position of the airfield are formed. The method is based on the numerical analysis of a two-dimensional amplitude spectrum of the image. Results of operation that confirm efficiency of the stated algorithms are presented.
本文阐述了无人机视觉导航系统中数字图像处理的算法,并给出了该算法的程序实现。使用所述算法对图像的一系列空间频率进行评估。图像的二维幅度空间谱的外观和结构允许在图像上分配垂直和水平边界和线条的存在,并给出关于它们的空间方向的一般概念。比较图像的光谱提交也用于加速相关函数的计算。利用机载电视摄像机观测到的图像幅度二维空间范围的数字处理结果,形成了用于确定无人机空间坐标和估计机场状况和位置的数据。该方法基于对图像二维振幅谱的数值分析。算例验证了所述算法的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Technology that ensures survival 确保生存的技术
Pub Date : 2020-06-06 DOI: 10.21778/2413-9599-2020-30-2-7
Artiсle Editorial
.
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引用次数: 0
Development of a cooling system for 6U module based on Elbrus microprocessor 基于Elbrus微处理器的6U模块冷却系统的开发
Pub Date : 2020-04-14 DOI: 10.21778/2413-9599-2020-30-1-16-23
Sh. M. Sazho, V. Vorobushkov, A. S. Gladkih, S. V. Senchenkov
The article discusses the design features of cooling systems for compact Eurocard format modules based on the Elbrus microprocessor. The issue of ensuring the necessary thermal regime of the processor module in the space shortage conditions in order to accommodate the cooling system has been solved. The estimated calculation showed the underperformance of the passive cooling of the Elbrus-4S microprocessor with a heat output of 60 W. In this regard, a 3D model of an active cooling system with 5.5×10.3×4.6 cm dimensions was developed. Thermal calculations were performed using the SolidWorks Flow Simulation program in order to optimize the radiator geometry and fan speed. It was assumed that an optimized cooling system will ensure that the chip temperature of the Elbrus-4S processor is no more than +87 °C (at an ambient temperature of +55 °C). Based on the results of the study, three prototypes were produced for testing. Further tests conducted on prototypes showed the efficiency of the cooling system and the high accuracy of the simulation results. During tests in a climatic chamber at a temperature of +55 °C, the temperature on the microprocessor chip did not exceed +84 °C (a difference of 3 °C compared to the estimated one).
本文讨论了基于Elbrus微处理器的紧凑型欧洲卡格式模块的冷却系统设计特点。在空间短缺的情况下,确保处理器模块的必要热状态以容纳冷却系统的问题已经解决。计算结果表明,当elbrush - 4s微处理器的热输出为60 W时,其被动冷却性能不佳。在这方面,开发了一个主动冷却系统的三维模型,尺寸为5.5×10.3×4.6 cm。使用SolidWorks Flow Simulation程序进行热计算,以优化散热器几何形状和风扇速度。假设优化后的冷却系统将确保elbrush - 4s处理器的芯片温度不超过+87℃(环境温度为+55℃)。根据研究结果,生产了三种原型机进行测试。在样机上进行的进一步测试表明,冷却系统的效率和模拟结果的准确性很高。在温度为+55°C的气候室中进行测试期间,微处理器芯片上的温度不超过+84°C(与估计温度相比相差3°C)。
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引用次数: 0
Implementation problems of high-speed DDR4 channels in a new generation Russian multi-core microprocessor 高速DDR4通道在新一代俄罗斯多核微处理器中的实现问题
Pub Date : 2020-04-01 DOI: 10.21778/2413-9599-2020-30-1-30-36
I. E. Bilyaletdinov, L. S. Timin
Solving the issue of compatibility for the new domestic developments with continuously implemented and used in global microelectronics industry cutting-edge standards requires substantial work on analysis and optimization of the implementation environment. The results of the new Elbrus 8SV microprocessor DDR4 random access memory channel study are provided in this article. The much lower than estimated channel data transfer speed has become the main issue. In order to overcome it the channel functioning study method has been developed and implemented. It is based on forming the analogs of eye diagrams, which allow estimating the area of operability and using the optimal settings. Studies held using this method allowed establishing the cause for unsatisfactory performance of the channel and objectively assessing design decisions made during development. After taking these results into account and applying changes to the chip and the circuit board of the microprocessor case, an improved version of the microprocessor was released. It became possible to achieve the calculated data transfer speed via the memory channel.
解决国内新发展与全球微电子行业前沿标准不断实施和使用的兼容性问题,需要对实施环境进行大量的分析和优化。本文给出了新型Elbrus 8SV微处理器DDR4随机存取存储器通道的研究结果。信道数据传输速度远低于预期已成为主要问题。为了克服这一问题,开发并实施了通道功能研究方法。它是基于形成眼图的类似物,它允许估计可操作的区域和使用最佳设置。使用这种方法进行的研究可以确定渠道表现不理想的原因,并客观地评估开发过程中做出的设计决策。在考虑到这些结果并对微处理器外壳的芯片和电路板进行更改之后,微处理器的改进版本发布了。通过存储器通道实现计算的数据传输速度成为可能。
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引用次数: 0
Estimation of the probabilistic characteristics of the majority method for processing short segments of a pseudo-random sequence 伪随机序列短段处理的多数方法的概率特征估计
Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.21778/2413-9599-2020-30-1-8-15
V. V. Podoltsev
Simulation modeling of the processing method for pseudo-random sequence (PRS) short segments based on the majority tests gives the probability characteristics that are different from the results of a calculation using the Gaussian approximation. The simulation modeling shows that the probability of bit error decoding is changed discretely with the explicit minima and maxima for the length of the processed segment of the PRS. This is due to the fact that the decoder always uses a fixed test sequence, which is determined by the initial phase of the analyzer. Thus, the distribution of these checks determines the dependence of the bit error probability. On this basis, the paper conducts a theoretical study of the probability characteristics synchronization method based on the majority tests, taking into account the specifics of the PRS analyzer. The article formulates and solves the task of analyzing probabilistic characteristics of the majority method of processing short segments of the PRS, which required finding the probability of bit error of decoding. The analytical relations for the probability of bit error of decoding are obtained. The calculations and systematic analysis of the results are performed. It is shown that: with the increase in the length of the processed segment or the length of the valid section N the probability of error can be greater than the probability of destructive errors; the method based on the majority tests with a high probability of destructive errors has a significant advantage in the average code search time over the Ward’s method. Based on the obtained results a modification of the method that will provide the optimal choice of the length of the processed segment of PRS N will be offered in further studies.
基于多数试验的伪随机序列(PRS)短段处理方法的仿真建模给出了不同于使用高斯近似计算结果的概率特征。仿真模型表明,误码解码的概率随PRS处理段长度的显式最小值和最大值而离散变化。这是由于解码器总是使用固定的测试序列,这是由分析仪的初始阶段决定的。因此,这些检查的分布决定了误码概率的相关性。在此基础上,结合PRS分析仪的具体情况,对基于多数试验的概率特性同步方法进行了理论研究。本文制定并解决了多数处理PRS短段方法的概率特性分析任务,该任务要求找到译码误码的概率。得到了译码误码概率的解析关系式。并对计算结果进行了系统的分析。结果表明:随着加工段长度或有效段长度N的增加,误差概率可大于破坏性误差概率;基于具有高破坏性错误概率的多数测试的方法在平均代码搜索时间上比Ward方法具有显著的优势。在此基础上,对该方法进行了改进,将在进一步的研究中提供PRS N加工段长度的最佳选择。
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引用次数: 1
Quantitative and qualitative aspects of measuring the digital economy 从数量和质量两个方面衡量数字经济
Pub Date : 2019-11-22 DOI: 10.21778/2413-9599-2019-29-4-63-72
Т. А. Блатова, В. В. Макаров, Н. С. Шувал-Сергеева
The main research subject is an assessment of a current state of the economy and the population well-being using conventional economic indicators. The article presents main trends that are available when people apply information and communication technology to business models and products that transform the economy and social and economic interaction. The analysis completed has showen that as an indicator in terms of digital economy the gross domestic product has no longer adequately presented an increase in a number and variety of services and complexity of the solutions developed. Authors propose new approaches to valuating a digital product based on measurements of the consumer surplus. Authors have shown that to solve problems of measuring the digital economy, we need reliable statistics for activity in the digital economy, so that the ongoing national economic policy does not have negative consequences for the country. There is the conclusion that in the near future, due to the lack of alternatives, the gross domestic product as an indicator will still be in use for measurements of the population well-being. Therefore, statistics quality, techniques for such data analysis, and efficient managerial decision-making based on them have been getting the most relevant.
主要的研究课题是利用传统的经济指标评估当前的经济状况和人口福利。本文介绍了当人们将信息和通信技术应用于改变经济和社会经济互动的商业模式和产品时,可用的主要趋势。完成的分析表明,作为数字经济的一个指标,国内生产总值(gdp)已不再充分反映服务数量和种类的增加,以及所开发解决方案的复杂性。作者提出了基于消费者剩余测量来评估数字产品的新方法。作者已经表明,为了解决衡量数字经济的问题,我们需要可靠的数字经济活动统计数据,以便正在进行的国家经济政策不会对国家产生负面影响。结论是,在不久的将来,由于缺乏替代办法,国内生产总值仍将作为衡量人口福利的一项指标。因此,统计质量、这种数据分析的技术以及基于它们的有效管理决策已经变得最相关。
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引用次数: 3
Method of scheduling channel resources for onboard SpaceWire networks with TDMA 基于TDMA的星载SpaceWire网络信道资源调度方法
Pub Date : 2019-11-22 DOI: 10.21778/2413-9599-2019-29-4-44-53
I. Korobkov
The article presents a new method for scheduling channel resources in SpaceWire onboard networks with support for TDMA technology. The network features based on the SpaceWire network standard and the STP-ISS transport protocol, which provides TDMA technology in the form of the «Scheduling» mechanism, were considered. This mechanism is used in networks with the goal of providing determinism, resolving conflicts and blocks when two or more devices are simultaneously trying to transmit data, occupying a limited channel resource. A comparative analysis of existing methods and algorithms for scheduling channel resources to design a schedule table was conducted. A new method of scheduling channel resources in SpaceWire onboard networks was presented and substantiated. A performance evaluation was carried out using the parameters significant for the space industry. It demonstrates the effectiveness of the developed method.
本文提出了一种支持TDMA技术的SpaceWire板载网络信道资源调度的新方法。考虑了基于SpaceWire网络标准和STP-ISS传输协议的网络特性,STP-ISS传输协议以“调度”机制的形式提供TDMA技术。当两个或多个设备同时试图传输数据,占用有限的信道资源时,这种机制用于网络,目的是提供确定性,解决冲突和阻塞。比较分析了现有的信道资源调度方法和算法,设计了调度表。提出并验证了SpaceWire星载网络中信道资源调度的一种新方法。使用对航天工业具有重要意义的参数进行了性能评估。验证了该方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Radio industry (Russia)
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